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Menghua W, Hu Z. ABCA4 mediated traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy associated with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27024. [PMID: 38560110 PMCID: PMC10980942 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the main cause of retinal detachment. However, the underlying mechanism of PVR is complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in angiogenesis and plays an important role in cell proliferation and tumor formation. Therefore, our study was designed to investigate the potential biological mechanisms of alleviating ARPE-19 cell and traumatic PVR model involving PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by targeting ABCA4. Materials and methods ARPE-19 cell model was induced by ABCA4 overexpression vector and si-ABCA4, then the ABCA4 overexpression vector and si-ABCA4 were constructed, the plasmids were expanded for cell transfection and verification. In addition, OE-ABCA4, shRNA NC and si-ABCA4 were transfected into ARPE-19 cells. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay, cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. The expression level and location of ABCA4 were detected by immunofluorescence. Finally, rabbit traumatic PVR model was induced by surgery, the adenovirus was injected into the vitreous body respectively, and the fundus observation was performed by direct ophthalmoscope observation combined with fundus photography, and the retinal routine histopathology HE staining was performed. Analysis of P21, CDK4, Cyclin D1, BAX, BAD, and ABCA4 was used by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Besides, the expression level of ABCA4, AKT, p-AKT, PI3K, p-PI3K, P38, p-P38, JNK, p-JNK, ERK, and p-ERK was detected by Western blot. Results All results indicated that the viability of cells with high expression of ABC4A increased, while the viability of cells with inhibition of ABC4A decreased, the number of cells with high ABC4A expression was significantly higher, and the migration level of cells was significantly reduced after ABC4A inhibition (P < 0.05). ABC4A could affect cell apoptosis by affecting G1/G2 phase. The cell proliferation level was significantly increased with high expression of ABC4A. High expression of ABC4A increased phosphorylation levels, including p-AKT, p-PIK3, and p-P38, while inhibition of ABC4A decreased the expression levels of these proteins (P < 0.05). Inhibition of ABC4A could significantly improve retinopathy, indicating that the proliferation ability of cells was restored after inhibition of ABC4A. Conclusions Our finding suggested that inhibition of ABC4A ameliorated the injury degree of traumatic PVR and performed the potential anti-PVR effect via inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, while promoting cell proliferation in both rabbit and ARPE-19 cells PVR model. The study has a certain innovation by building a traumatic PVR model to explore whether the ABCA4 participates in the regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the pathological mechanism of PVR regulation. At the same time, ABCA4's participation in the regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway can prevent and delay the occurrence and development of PVR, which has positive significance for improving the survival rate and quality of life of patients, and also provides an important basis for its therapeutic mechanism. Therefore, our study demonstrated a significant strategy for inhibiting traumatic PVR via targeting PI3K/Akt/ABCA4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhirou Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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Gao AY, Haak AJ, Bakri SJ. In vitro laboratory models of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:861-874. [PMID: 37209723 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), the most common cause of recurrent retinal detachment, is characterized by the formation and contraction of fibrotic membranes on the surface of the retina. There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs to prevent or treat PVR. Therefore, it is necessary to develop accurate in vitro models of the disease that will enable researchers to screen drug candidates and prioritize the most promising candidates for clinical studies. We provide a summary of recent in vitro PVR models, as well as avenues for model improvement. Several in vitro PVR models were identified, including various types of cell cultures. Additionally, novel techniques that have not been used to model PVR were identified, including organoids, hydrogels, and organ-on-a-chip models. Novel ideas for improving in vitro PVR models are highlighted. Researchers may consult this review to help design in vitro models of PVR, which will aid in the development of therapies to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Y Gao
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sophie J Bakri
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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Yabu A, Suzuki A, Hayashi K, Hori Y, Terai H, Orita K, Habibi H, Salimi H, Kono H, Toyoda H, Maeno T, Takahashi S, Tamai K, Ozaki T, Iwamae M, Ohyama S, Imai Y, Nakamura H. Periostin increased by mechanical stress upregulates interleukin-6 expression in the ligamentum flavum. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22726. [PMID: 36583686 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200917rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy is a major cause of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Although mechanical stress is thought to be a major factor involved in LF hypertrophy, the exact mechanism by which it causes hypertrophy has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, changes in gene expression due to long-term mechanical stress were analyzed using RNA-seq in a rabbit LF hypertrophy model. In combination with previously reported analysis results, periostin was identified as a molecule whose expression fluctuates due to mechanical stress. The expression and function of periostin were further investigated using human LF tissues and primary LF cell cultures. Periostin was abundantly expressed in human hypertrophied LF tissues, and periostin gene expression was significantly correlated with LF thickness. In vitro, mechanical stress increased gene expressions of periostin, transforming growth factor-β1, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen type 1 alpha 1, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LF cells. Periostin blockade suppressed the mechanical stress-induced gene expression of IL-6 while periostin treatment increased IL-6 gene expression. Our results suggest that periostin is upregulated by mechanical stress and promotes inflammation by upregulating IL-6 expression, which leads to LF degeneration and hypertrophy. Periostin may be a pivotal molecule for LF hypertrophy and a promising therapeutic target for lumbar spinal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Yabu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinobu Suzuki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetomi Terai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kumi Orita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hasibullah Habibi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hamidullah Salimi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kono
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ishikiri Seiki Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Toyoda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Maeno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ishikiri Seiki Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tamai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ishikiri Seiki Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Iwamae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ohyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nishinomiya Watanabe Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Dorafshan S, Razmi M, Safaei S, Gentilin E, Madjd Z, Ghods R. Periostin: biology and function in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:315. [PMID: 36224629 PMCID: PMC9555118 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin (POSTN), a member of the matricellular protein family, is a secreted adhesion-related protein produced in the periosteum and periodontal ligaments. Matricellular proteins are a nonstructural family of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that regulate a wide range of biological processes in both normal and pathological conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated the key roles of these ECM proteins in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, periostin is an essential regulator of bone and tooth formation and maintenance, as well as cardiac development. Also, periostin interacts with multiple cell-surface receptors, especially integrins, and triggers signals that promote tumor growth. According to recent studies, these signals are implicated in cancer cell survival, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. In this review, we will summarize the most current data regarding periostin, its structure and isoforms, expressions, functions, and regulation in normal and cancerous tissues. Emphasis is placed on its association with cancer progression, and also future potential for periostin-targeted therapeutic approaches will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Dorafshan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Razmi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Safaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Erica Gentilin
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, via G. Orus, 2b, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Ghods
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Hu Z, Mao X, Chen M, Wu X, Zhu T, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Fan W, Xie P, Yuan S, Liu Q. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Novel Role of Microglia in Fibrovascular Membrane of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes 2022; 71:762-773. [PMID: 35061025 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitreous fibrovascular membranes (FVMs), the hallmark of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), cause retinal hemorrhage, detachment, and eventually blindness. However, little is known about the pathophysiology of FVM. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing on surgically harvested PDR-FVMs and generated a comprehensive cell atlas of FVM. Eight cellular compositions were identified, with microglia as the major cell population. We identified a GPNMB+ subpopulation of microglia, which presented both profibrotic and fibrogenic properties. Pseudotime analysis further revealed the profibrotic microglia was uniquely differentiated from retina-resident microglia and expanded in the PDR setting. Ligand-receptor interactions between the profibrotic microglia and cytokines upregulated in PDR vitreous implicated the involvement of several pathways, including CCR5, IFNGR1, and CD44 signaling, in the microglial activation within the PDR microenvironment. Collectively, our description of the novel microglia phenotypes in PDR-FVM may offer new insight into the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of DR, as well as potential signaling pathways amenable to disease-specific intervention.
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Ishikawa K, Akiyama M, Mori K, Nakama T, Notomi S, Nakao S, Kohno RI, Takeda A, Sonoda KH. Drainage Retinotomy Confers Risk of Epiretinal Membrane Formation After Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 234:20-27. [PMID: 34339662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the factors associated with epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation in eyes treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). DESIGN Nationwide, multicenter, clinical cohort study based on registry data. METHODS We reviewed 2239 cases treated with PPV for RRD repair registered in the Japan-Retinal Detachment Registry between February 2016 and March 2017. Associations of 13 baseline characteristics and 8 surgical procedures with ERM formation were evaluated using univariate analysis. We conducted a propensity score-matched analysis for the significantly associated clinical factor(s). The primary outcome measure was ERM formation after 6 months of vitrectomy. RESULTS ERM had developed in 104 cases (4.6%) by 6 months. We found that drainage retinotomy was significantly associated with ERM after multiple testing correction (odds ratio [OR] 2.22 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.50-3.31]; P < .001). In the propensity score-matched analysis (n = 492 in each group), we confirmed a significant difference in the incidence of ERM after 6 months of vitrectomy (8.3% and 2.6% in cases with and without drainage retinotomy, respectively; OR 3.35 [95% CI 1.77-6.33]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Eyes treated with PPV combined with drainage retinotomy are more likely to develop ERM postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.I., K.M., T.N., S.No., S.Na., R.K., A.T., K-H.S.).
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.I., K.M., T.N., S.No., S.Na., R.K., A.T., K-H.S.)
| | - Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.I., K.M., T.N., S.No., S.Na., R.K., A.T., K-H.S.)
| | - Shoji Notomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.I., K.M., T.N., S.No., S.Na., R.K., A.T., K-H.S.)
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.I., K.M., T.N., S.No., S.Na., R.K., A.T., K-H.S.)
| | - Ri-Ichiro Kohno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.I., K.M., T.N., S.No., S.Na., R.K., A.T., K-H.S.)
| | - Atsunobu Takeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.I., K.M., T.N., S.No., S.Na., R.K., A.T., K-H.S.)
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.I., K.M., T.N., S.No., S.Na., R.K., A.T., K-H.S.)
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Pathological Roles and Clinical Usefulness of Periostin in Type 2 Inflammation and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081084. [PMID: 34439751 PMCID: PMC8391913 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin is known to be a useful biomarker for various diseases. In this article, we focus on allergic diseases and pulmonary fibrosis, for which we and others are now developing detection systems for periostin as a biomarker. Biomarker-based precision medicine in the management of type 2 inflammation and fibrotic diseases since heterogeneity is of utmost importance. Periostin expression is induced by type 2 cytokines (interleukin-4/-13) or transforming growth factor-β, and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation or interstitial lung disease, respectively, andits serum levels are correlated disease severity, prognosis and responsiveness to the treatment. We first summarise the importance of type 2 biomarker and then describe the pathological role of periostin in the development and progression of type 2 allergic inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, then, we summarise the recent development of assay methods for periostin detection, and analyse the diseases in which periostin concentration is elevated in serum and local biological fluids and its usefulness as a biomarker. Furthermore, we describe recent findings of periostin as a biomarker in the use of biologics or anti-fibrotic therapy. Finally, we describe the factors that influence the change in periostin concentration under the healthy conditions.
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Nakamura Y. Multiple Therapeutic Applications of RBM-007, an Anti-FGF2 Aptamer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071617. [PMID: 34203430 PMCID: PMC8305614 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis, but is not the only player with an angiogenic function. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), which was discovered before VEGF, is also an angiogenic growth factor. It has been shown that FGF2 plays positive pathophysiological roles in tissue remodeling, bone health, and regeneration, such as the repair of neuronal damage, skin wound healing, joint protection, and the control of hypertension. Targeting FGF2 as a therapeutic tool in disease treatment through clinically useful inhibitors has not been developed until recently. An isolated inhibitory RNA aptamer against FGF2, named RBM-007, has followed an extensive preclinical study, with two clinical trials in phase 2 and phase 1, respectively, underway to assess the therapeutic impact in age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) and achondroplasia (ACH), respectively. Moreover, showing broad therapeutic potential, preclinical evidence supports the use of RBM-007 in the treatment of lung cancer and cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Division of RNA Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
- RIBOMIC Inc., Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
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Tosi GM, Regoli M, Altera A, Galvagni F, Arcuri C, Bacci T, Elia I, Realini G, Orlandini M, Bertelli E. Heat Shock Protein 90 Involvement in the Development of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:34. [PMID: 32716502 PMCID: PMC7425702 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This work was aimed to further characterize cells of idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs). We wanted to determine the contribution of 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) to sustain the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated signal transduction pathway in iERM. Methods Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were carried out on deplasticized sections from 36 epiretinal membranes processed for electron microscopy and on frozen sections from five additional samples with antibodies against α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), SMAD2, HSP90α, type-II TGF-β1 receptor (TβRII), type-I collagen, and type-IV collagen. In addition, Müller MIO-M1 cells were transfected with HSP90 and challenged with TGF-β1. Results Double and triple labeling experiments showed that a variable number of TβRII+ cells were present in 94.1% of tested iERMs and they were mostly GFAP-/αSMA+/vimentin+/HSP90α+. In almost half of the cases these cells contained type-I collagen, suggesting their involvement in matrix deposition. HSP90 overexpressing MIO-M1 cells challenged with TGF-β1 showed increased levels of TβRII, SMAD2, SMAD3, and phosphor-SMAD2. Nuclear SMAD2 staining could be observed in HSP90α+ cells on frozen sections of iERMs. Conclusions Cells in iERMs that express TβRII are also HSP90α+ and show the antigenic profile of myofibroblast-like cells as they are GFAP-/αSMA+/vimentin+. HSP90α-overexpressing MIO-M1 cells challenged with TGF-β1 showed an increased activation of the SMAD pathway implying that HSP90α might play a role in sustaining the TGF-β1-induced fibrotic response of iERM cells.
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Luthert PJ, Kiel C. Combining Gene-Disease Associations with Single-Cell Gene Expression Data Provides Anatomy-Specific Subnetworks in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. NETWORK AND SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2020; 3:105-121. [PMID: 32789304 PMCID: PMC7416628 DOI: 10.1089/nsm.2020.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of visual impairment in the developed world. Despite some treatment options for late AMD, there is no intervention that blocks early AMD proceeding to the late and blinding forms. This is partly due to the lack of precise drug targets, despite great advances in genetics, epidemiology, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks proposed to be driving the disease pathology. A systems approach to narrow down PPI networks to specific protein drug targets would provide new therapeutic options. Materials and Methods: In this study we analyzed single cell RNAseq (RNA sequencing) datasets of 17 cell types present in choroidal, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and neural retina (NR) tissues to explore if a more granular analysis incorporating different cell types exposes more specific pathways and relationships. Furthermore, we developed a novel and systematic gene ontology database (SysGO) to explore if a subcellular classification of processes will further enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis of this complex disorder and its comorbidities with other age-related diseases. Results: We found that 57% of the AMD (risk) genes are among the top 25% expressed genes in ∼1 of the 17 choroidal/RPE/NR cell types, and 9% were among the top 1% of expressed genes. Using SysGO, we identified an enrichment of AMD genes in cell membrane and extracellular anatomical locations, and we found both functional enrichments (e.g., cell adhesion) and cell types (e.g., fibroblasts, microglia) not previously associated with AMD pathogenesis. We reconstructed PPI networks among the top expressed AMD genes for all 17 choroidal/RPE/NR cell types, which provides molecular and anatomical definitions of AMD phenotypes that can guide therapeutic approaches to target this complex disease. Conclusion: We provide mechanism-based AMD endophenotypes that can be exploited in vitro, using computational models and for drug discovery/repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Luthert
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, and NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Kiel
- Systems Biology Ireland and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Identification of the aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2020; 199:108141. [PMID: 32721427 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes. Proliferative DR (PDR) is a more advanced stage of DR, which can cause severe impaired vision and even blindness. However, the precise pathological mechanisms of PDR remain unknown. DNA methylation serves an important role in the initiation and progression of numerous types of disease including PDR. The purpose of this study was to identify the aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as potential therapeutic targets of PDR. The gene expression microarray dataset GSE60436 and the methylation profiling microarray dataset GSE57362 were used to determine the aberrantly methylated DEGs in PDR, utilizing normal retinas as controls and fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) in patients with PDR as PDR samples. The functional term and signaling pathway enrichment analysis of the selected genes were subsequently performed. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to determine the hub genes, and the network of transcriptional factor (TF) and target hub genes was also analyzed. In total, 132 hypomethylated genes were found to be upregulated, whereas 172 hypermethylated genes were discovered to be downregulated in PDR. The hypomethylated upregulated genes were found to be enriched in the pathways, such as "cell-substrate adhesion", "adherens junction", "cell adhesion molecule binding" and "extracellular matrix receptor interactions". Meanwhile, the hypermethylated downregulated genes were enriched in the pathways, such as "visual perception", "presynapse" and the "synaptic vesicle cycle". Based on the PPI analysis, a total of eight hub genes were identified: CTGF, SERPINH1, LOX, RBP3, OTX2, RPE65, OPN1SW and NRL. It was hypothesized that the aberrant methylation of these genes might be related to the possible pathophysiology of PDR. An important transcriptional factor, TFDP1, was discovered to share the closest interactions with the hub genes from the gene-TF network. In conclusion, the present study identified an association among DNA methylation and gene expression in PDR using bioinformatics analysis, and identified the hub genes which might be potential methylation-based diagnosis and treatment targets for PDR in the near future.
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12
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Takeda A, Yanai R, Murakami Y, Arima M, Sonoda KH. New Insights Into Immunological Therapy for Retinal Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1431. [PMID: 32719682 PMCID: PMC7348236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the twentieth century, a conspicuous lack of effective treatment strategies existed for managing several retinal disorders, including age-related macular degeneration; diabetic retinopathy (DR); retinopathy of prematurity (ROP); retinitis pigmentosa (RP); uveitis, including Behçet's disease; and vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). However, in the first decade of this century, advances in biomedicine have provided new treatment strategies in the field of ophthalmology, particularly biologics that target vascular endothelial growth factor or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Furthermore, clinical trials on gene therapy specifically for patients with autosomal recessive or X-linked RP have commenced. The overall survival rates of patients with VRL have improved, owing to earlier diagnoses and better treatment strategies. However, some unresolved problems remain such as primary or secondary non-response to biologics or chemotherapy, and the lack of adequate strategies for treating most RP patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the immunological mechanisms of the eye under normal conditions and in several retinal disorders, including uveitis, DR, ROP, RP, and VRL. In addition, we discuss recent studies that describe the inflammatory responses that occur during the course of these retinal disorders to provide new insights into their diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunobu Takeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Institute, Kyushu Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yanai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Kubo Y, Ishikawa K, Mori K, Kobayashi Y, Nakama T, Arima M, Nakao S, Hisatomi T, Haruta M, Sonoda KH, Yoshida S. Periostin and tenascin-C interaction promotes angiogenesis in ischemic proliferative retinopathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9299. [PMID: 32518264 PMCID: PMC7283227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic proliferative retinopathy (IPR), such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), retinal vein occlusion and retinopathy of prematurity is a major cause of vision loss. Our previous studies demonstrated that periostin (PN) and tenascin-C (TNC) are involved in the pathogenesis of IPR. However, the interactive role of PN and TNC in angiogenesis associated with IPR remain unknown. We found significant correlation between concentrations of PN and TNC in PDR vitreous humor. mRNA and protein expression of PN and TNC were found in pre-retinal fibrovascular membranes excised from PDR patients. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) promoted mRNA and protein expression of PN and TNC, and co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed binding between PN and TNC in human microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs). IL-13 promoted angiogenic functions of HRECs. Single inhibition of PN or TNC and their dual inhibition by siRNA suppressed the up-regulated angiogenic functions. Pathological pre-retinal neovessels of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice were attenuated in PN knock-out, TNC knock-out and dual knock-out mice compared to wild-type mice. Both in vitro and in vivo, PN inhibition had a stronger inhibitory effect on angiogenesis compared to TNC inhibition, and had a similar effect to dual inhibition of PN and TNC. Furthermore, PN knock-out mice showed scant TNC expression in pre-retinal neovessels of OIR retinas. Our findings suggest that interaction of PN and TNC facilitates pre-retinal angiogenesis, and PN is an effective therapeutic target for IPR such as PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Hisatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Haruta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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14
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Bao H, Yang S, Li H, Yao H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xu G, Jin H, Wang F. The Interplay Between E-Cadherin, Connexin 43, and Zona Occludens 1 in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:5104-5111. [PMID: 31826237 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cell-cell contact in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) involves adherent junctions, gap junctions, and tight junctions, which are primarily composed by E-cadherin, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), and connexin 43, respectively. Here, we aimed to explore the relationship and interplay between these junction-associated proteins. Methods E-cadherin, connexin 43, and ZO-1 expression in human primary RPE in the early phase after TGF-β1 stimulation was detected. The knockdown of E-cadherin, ZO-1, and connexin 43 was performed to characterize the regulatory network involving these three proteins. Dye transfer and FITC-dextran permeability assays were conducted to observe the epithelial functional alterations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the ultrastructure of the cell-cell junctions in mouse RPE. The immunofluorescence staining and coimmunoprecipitation were performed to observe the colocalization and the physical association of E-cadherin, ZO-1, and connexin 43. Results Among these three components, E-cadherin appeared to be the first protein that was downregulated after TGF-β1 treatment. The ultrastructures of adherent junctions, gap junctions, and tight junctions could be observed in mouse RPE by TEM. E-cadherin, ZO-1, and connexin 43 were colocalized and physically bound to each other. The knockdown of one of these three proteins led to downregulation of the other two proteins and compromised epithelial function. Conclusions E-cadherin, ZO-1, and connexin 43 were physically associated with each other and were mutually regulated. To enhance the understanding of cell-cell contacts, a holistic view is needed. Our results provide new insights in RPE disorders such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqian Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipei Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guotong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Chaudhary R, Scott RAH, Wallace G, Berry M, Logan A, Blanch RJ. Inflammatory and Fibrogenic Factors in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Development. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:23. [PMID: 32742753 PMCID: PMC7357815 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) occurs in 5%-10% of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment cases and is the principle cause for failure of retinal reattachment surgery. Although there are a number of surgical adjunctive agents available for preventing the development of PVR, all have limited efficacy. Discovering predictive molecular biomarkers to determine the probability of PVR development after retinal reattachment surgery will allow better patient stratification for more targeted drug evaluations. Methods Narrative literature review. Results We provide a summary of the inflammatory and fibrogenic factors found in ocular fluid samples during the development of retinal detachment and PVR and discuss their possible use as molecular PVR predictive biomarkers. Conclusions Studies monitoring the levels of the above factors have found that few if any have predictive biomarker value, suggesting that widening the phenotype of potential factors and a combinatorial approach are required to determine predictive biomarkers for PVR. Translational Relevance The identification of relevant biomarkers relies on an understanding of disease signaling pathways derived from basic science research. We discuss the extent to which those molecules identified as biomarkers and predictors of PVR relate to disease pathogenesis and could function as useful disease predictors. (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ number, UMIN000005604).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Chaudhary
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK.,Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Graham Wallace
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Berry
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard J Blanch
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Unit of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
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16
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Increased expression of periostin and tenascin-C in eyes with neovascular glaucoma secondary to PDR. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 258:621-628. [PMID: 31863397 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate periostin (PN) and tenascin-C (TNC) expression in the aqueous humor and trabeculectomy specimens of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS This study enrolled 37 eyes of 37 patients who were grouped into (1) NVG secondary to PDR (NVG; n = 8); (2) PDR without NVG (PDR; n = 9); (3) primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG; n = 11); and (4) cataract surgery patients as a control group (CG; n = 9). Aqueous humor samples were collected from the anterior chamber at the start of surgery or intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drug. The concentrations of PN, TNC, VEGF, and TGF-β2 (transforming growth factor-beta 2) were measured by ELISA. Sclerostomy tissues containing trabecular meshwork were obtained from two NVG patients and a POAG patient who underwent trabeculectomy surgery. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine the localization of PN and TNC expression in the sclerostomy tissues. RESULTS PN and TNC-C levels were below detection threshold in the POAG and CG groups. The NVG group had significantly higher levels of PN and TNC compared with the PDR group (84.7 ng/ml vs 2.2 ng/ml and 18.5 ng/ml vs 4.6 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the levels of PN and TNC-C in the NVG group (r = 0.86, p < 0.05). We found significant expression of PN in the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal of sclerostomy tissues excised from patients with NVG. CONCLUSIONS Increased PN and TNC expression suggests their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of NVG secondary to PDR.
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17
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Murakami Y, Ishikawa K, Nakao S, Sonoda KH. Innate immune response in retinal homeostasis and inflammatory disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 74:100778. [PMID: 31505218 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune cells such as neutrophils, monocyte-macrophages and microglial cells are pivotal for the health and disease of the retina. For the maintenance of retinal homeostasis, these cells and immunosuppressive molecules in the eye actively regulate the induction and the expression of inflammation in order to prevent excessive activation and subsequent tissue damage. In the disease context, these regulatory mechanisms are modulated genetically and/or by environmental stimuli such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and a chronic innate immune response regulates or contributes to the formation of diverse retinal disorders such as uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal vascular diseases and retinal fibrosis. Here we summarize the recent knowledge regarding the innate immune response in both ocular immune regulation and inflammatory retinal diseases, and we describe the potential of the innate immune response as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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18
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Matsuda Y, Nonaka Y, Futakawa S, Imai H, Akita K, Nishihata T, Fujiwara M, Ali Y, Bhisitkul RB, Nakamura Y. Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Scarring Dual Action of an Anti-Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Aptamer in Animal Models of Retinal Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:819-828. [PMID: 31454678 PMCID: PMC6716068 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Currently approved therapies for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are inhibitors against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD (nAMD). Intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs have shown dramatic visual benefits for AMD patients. However, a significant portion of AMD patients exhibit an incomplete response to therapy and, over the extended management course, can lose vision, with the formation of submacular fibrosis as one risk factor. We investigated a novel target for AMD treatments, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of both angiogenesis and fibrosis in a variety of tissue and organ systems. The anti-FGF2 aptamer, RBM-007, was examined for treatment of nAMD in animal models. In in vivo studies conducted in mice and rats, RBM-007 was able to inhibit FGF2-induced angiogenesis, laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and CNV with fibrosis. Pharmacokinetic studies of RBM-007 in the rabbit vitreous revealed high and relatively long-lasting profiles that are superior to other approved anti-VEGF drugs. The anti-angiogenic and anti-scarring dual action of RBM-007 holds promise as an additive or alternative therapy to anti-VEGF treatments for nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Matsuda
- RIBOMIC, Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nonaka
- RIBOMIC, Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Satoshi Futakawa
- RIBOMIC, Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Imai
- RIBOMIC, Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Akita
- RIBOMIC, Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuf Ali
- RIBOMIC, Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Robert B Bhisitkul
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- RIBOMIC, Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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19
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Practical Application of Periostin as a Biomarker for Pathological Conditions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1132:195-204. [PMID: 31037636 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6657-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In physiological condition, periostin is expressed in limited tissues such as periodontal ligament, periosteum, and heart valves. Periostin protein is mainly localized on extracellular collagen bundles and in matricellular space. On the other hand, in pathological condition, expression of periostin is induced in disordered tissues of human patients. In tumor development and progression, periostin is elevated mainly in its microenvironment and stromal tissue rich in extracellular matrix. Tumor stromal fibroblasts highly express periostin and organize the tumor-surrounding extracellular matrix architecture. In fibrosis in lung, liver, and kidney, proliferating activated fibroblasts express periostin and replace normal functional tissues with dense connective tissues. In inflammation and allergy, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 induce expression of periostin that plays important roles in pathogenesis of these diseases. The elevated levels of periostin in human patients could be detected not only in tissue biopsy samples but also in peripheral bloods using specific antibodies against periostin, because periostin secreted from the disordered tissues is transported into blood vessels and circulates in the cardiovascular system. In this chapter, I introduce the elevated expression of periostin in pathological conditions, and discuss how periostin could be utilized as a biomarker in disease diagnosis.
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20
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Kii I. Periostin Functions as a Scaffold for Assembly of Extracellular Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1132:23-32. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6657-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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London NJS, Kaiser RS, Khan MA, Alshareef RA, Khuthaila M, Shahlaee A, Obeid A, London VA, DeCroos FC, Gupta OP, Hsu J, Vander JF, Spirn MJ, Regillo CD. Determining the effect of low-dose isotretinoin on proliferative vitreoretinopathy: the DELIVER trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:1306-1313. [PMID: 30381390 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of low-dose, oral isotretinoin in lowering the risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. METHODS Prospective, open label, dual-cohort study with pathology-matched historical controls. The prospective experimental arms included two cohorts, composed of 51 eyes with recurrent PVR-related RRD and 58 eyes with primary RRD associated with high-risk features for developing PVR. Eyes in the experimental arms received 20 mg of isotretinoin by mouth once daily for 12 weeks starting the day after surgical repair. The primary outcome measure was single surgery anatomical success rate at 3 months following the study surgery. RESULTS The single surgery anatomic success rate was 78.4% versus 70.0% (p=0.358) in eyes with recurrent PVR-related retinal detachment exposed to isotretinoin versus historical controls, respectively. In eyes with RRD at high risk for developing PVR, the single surgery success rate was 84.5% versus 61.1% (p=0.005) for eyes exposed to isotretinoin versus historical controls, respectively. For eyes enrolled in the experimental arms, the most common isotretinoin-related side effects were dry skin/mucus membranes in 106 patients (97.2%), abnormal sleep/dreams in 4 patients (3.7%) and fatigue in 3 patients (2.8%). CONCLUSION The management and prevention of PVR is challenging and complex. At the dose and duration given in this study, oral istotretinoin may reduce the risk of PVR-associated recurrent retinal detachment in eyes with primary RRD at high risk of developing PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas J S London
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA .,Retina Consultants San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard S Kaiser
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohammed Ali Khan
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rayan A Alshareef
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Khuthaila
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abtin Shahlaee
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Anthony Obeid
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Francis Char DeCroos
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Omesh P Gupta
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason Hsu
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James F Vander
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marc J Spirn
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carl D Regillo
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Yoshida S, Nakama T, Ishikawa K, Nakao S, Sonoda KH, Ishibashi T. Periostin in vitreoretinal diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4329-4337. [PMID: 28913545 PMCID: PMC11107734 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and age-related macular degeneration are a leading cause of decreased vision and blindness in developed countries. In these diseases, retinal fibro(vascular) membrane (FVM) formation above and beneath the retina plays an important role. Gene expression profiling of human FVMs revealed significant upregulation of periostin. Subsequent analyses demonstrated increased periostin expression in the vitreous of patients with both proliferative diabetic retinopathy and PVR. Immunohistochemical analysis showed co-localization of periostin with α-SMA and M2 macrophage markers in FVMs. In vitro, periostin blockade inhibited migration and adhesion induced by PVR vitreous and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2). In vivo, a novel single-stranded RNAi agent targeting periostin showed the inhibitory effect on experimental retinal and choroidal FVM formation without affecting the viability of retinal cells. These results indicated that periostin is a pivotal molecule for FVM formation and a promising therapeutic target for these proliferative vitreoretinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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23
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Kii I, Ito H. Periostin and its interacting proteins in the construction of extracellular architectures. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4269-4277. [PMID: 28887577 PMCID: PMC11107766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Periostin is a matricellular protein that is composed of a multi-domain structure with an amino-terminal EMI domain, a tandem repeat of four FAS 1 domains, and a carboxyl-terminal domain. These distinct domains have been demonstrated to bind to many proteins including extracellular matrix proteins (Collagen type I and V, fibronectin, tenascin, and laminin), matricellular proteins (CCN3 and βig-h3), and enzymes that catalyze covalent crosslinking between extracellular matrix proteins (lysyl oxidase and BMP-1). Adjacent binding sites on periostin have been suggested to put the interacting proteins in close proximity, promoting intermolecular interactions between each protein, and leading to their assembly into extracellular architectures. These extracellular architectures determine the mechanochemical properties of connective tissues, in which periostin plays an important role in physiological homeostasis and disease progression. In this review, we introduce the proteins that interact with periostin, and discuss how the multi-domain structure of periostin functions as a scaffold for the assembly of interacting proteins, and how it underlies construction of highly sophisticated extracellular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kii
- Common Facilities Unit, Integrated Research Group, Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science and Technology Hub, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Harumi Ito
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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24
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Kudo A, Kii I. Periostin function in communication with extracellular matrices. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:301-308. [PMID: 29086200 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin is a secretory protein with a multi-domain structure, comprising an amino-terminal cysteine-rich EMI domain, four internal FAS 1 domains, and a carboxyl-terminal hydrophilic domain. These adjacent domains bind to extracellular matrix proteins (type I collagen, fibronectin, tenascin-C, and laminin γ2), and BMP-1 that catalyzes crosslinking of type I collagen, and proteoglycans, which play a role in cell adhesion. The binding sites on periostin have been demonstrated to contribute to the mechanical strength of connective tissues, enhancing intermolecular interactions in close proximity and their assembly into extracellular matrix architectures, where periostin plays further essential roles in physiological maintenance and pathological progression. Furthermore, periostin also binds to Notch 1 and CCN3, which have functions in maintenance of stemness, thus opening up a new field of periostin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kudo
- International Frontier, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan. .,Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Isao Kii
- Common Facilities Unit, Integrated Research Group, Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science and Technology Hub, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chūō-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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Mino M, Kanno K, Okimoto K, Sugiyama A, Kishikawa N, Kobayashi T, Ono J, Izuhara K, Kobayashi T, Ohigashi T, Ohdan H, Tazuma S. Periostin promotes malignant potential by induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2017; 1:1099-1109. [PMID: 29404445 PMCID: PMC5721406 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin, a secreted matricellular protein, has been reported to induce epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), which increases motility and invasiveness in various epithelial cancer cells. Periostin is also overexpressed in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and suggested to be a biomarker for tumor progression and poor prognosis; however, its functional role in ICC is not fully understood. Here, we investigated whether periostin influences malignant potential through the induction of EMT in ICC. Analyses of surgical resected ICC specimens revealed that the gene expression of periostin was significantly higher in ICC tumors than in adjacent nontumor liver tissues and was closely correlated with the expression of mesenchymal markers, including N‐cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin. However, the expression level of periostin varied in each case. Consistently, the expression of periostin in HuH28 (an undifferentiated ICC cell) was markedly higher than in HuCCT‐1 (a moderately differentiated ICC cell). In addition, high‐level secretion of periostin into culture media was observed in HuH28 but not in HuCCT‐1. To identify the biological significance of periostin in EMT, gene silencing of periostin by small interfering RNA was performed in HuH28 cells. Periostin knockdown in HuH28 cells significantly down‐regulated mesenchymal markers and up‐regulated epithelial markers, suggesting the reversal of EMT, namely mesenchymal‐epithelial transition. Along with these changes, cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by 52%. In addition, cell migration and invasion were significantly suppressed by 62% and 61%, respectively, with reduced gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2. Interestingly, chemosensitivity to gemcitabine was also significantly improved by periostin depletion. Conclusion: Periostin plays an important role in the regulation of malignant potential through EMT and is suggested to be a novel target for the treatment of ICC. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:1099–1109)
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Mino
- Department of General Internal Medicine Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Keishi Kanno
- Department of General Internal Medicine Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kousuke Okimoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Akiko Sugiyama
- Department of General Internal Medicine Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Nobusuke Kishikawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tomoki Kobayashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Junya Ono
- Central Institute Shino-Test Corporation Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine Saga Medical School Saga Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ohigashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Susumu Tazuma
- Department of General Internal Medicine Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan
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Zhou Y, Yoshida S, Kubo Y, Yoshimura T, Kobayashi Y, Nakama T, Yamaguchi M, Ishikawa K, Oshima Y, Ishibashi T. Different distributions of M1 and M2 macrophages in a mouse model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3949-3956. [PMID: 28440413 PMCID: PMC5436148 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a serious complication of age‑related macular degeneration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and distribution of M1 and M2 macrophages in a laser‑induced CNV adult mouse model. The mRNA expression levels of M1, M2 and pan macrophage markers, and macrophage‑associated angiogenic cytokines, were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Immunofluorescence studies were performed to determine the location of the macrophages. The expression levels of M1 macrophage markers increased to a greater extent compared with M2 markers in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)‑choroid complexes following laser photocoagulation. By contrast, the expression levels of M2 macrophage markers increased primarily in the retinas. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that the increased number of cluster of differentiation (CD)206‑positive cells were located primarily in the retina, whereas the CD80‑positive cells were located around the site of CNVs in the RPE‑choroid. In addition, the M1‑associated cytokines increased to a greater extent in the RPE‑choroid complexes, whereas the M2‑associated cytokines were highly expressed in the retinas. These findings indicate that M1 and M2 macrophage numbers increased following CNV; however, the locations were different in this mouse model of laser‑induced CNV. The results of the present study suggest that M1 macrophages have a more direct role in inhibiting the development of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Takeru Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Muneo Yamaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
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Therapeutic Effect of Novel Single-Stranded RNAi Agent Targeting Periostin in Eyes with Retinal Neovascularization. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 6:279-289. [PMID: 28325294 PMCID: PMC5363510 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (NV) due to retinal ischemia remains one of the principal causes of vision impairment in patients with ischemic retinal diseases. We recently reported that periostin (POSTN) may play a role in the development of preretinal fibrovascular membranes, but its role in retinal NV has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of POSTN in the ischemic retinas of a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinal NV. We also studied the function of POSTN on retinal NV using Postn KO mice and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) in culture. In addition, we used a novel RNAi agent, NK0144, which targets POSTN to determine its effect on the development of retinal NV. Our results showed that the expression of POSTN was increased in the vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, and M2 macrophages in ischemic retinas. POSTN promoted the ischemia-induced retinal NV by Akt phosphorylation through integrin αvβ3. NK0144 had a greater inhibitory effect than canonical double-stranded siRNA on preretinal pathological NV in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest a causal relationship between POSTN and retinal NV, and indicate a potential therapeutic role of intravitreal injection of NK0144 for retinal neovascular diseases.
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Liu Y, Zhang P, Pan J, D'Souza MA, Dufresne CP, Semba RD, Qian J, Edward DP. Anatomical differences of the protein profile in the rabbit sclera during growth. Exp Eye Res 2017; 154:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sugiyama A, Kanno K, Nishimichi N, Ohta S, Ono J, Conway SJ, Izuhara K, Yokosaki Y, Tazuma S. Periostin promotes hepatic fibrosis in mice by modulating hepatic stellate cell activation via α v integrin interaction. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:1161-1174. [PMID: 27039906 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periostin is a matricellular protein that serves as a ligand for integrins and is required for tissue remodeling and fibrosis. We investigated the role of periostin in hepatic fibrosis and the mechanisms involved. METHODS Primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the HSC-immortalized cell line LX2 were used to study the profibrotic property of periostin and the interaction of periostin with integrins. Wild-type and periostin-deficient (periostin-/-) mice were subjected to two distinct models of liver fibrosis induced by hepatotoxic (carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide) or cholestatic (3.5-diethoxycarbonyl-1.4-dihydrocollidine) injury. RESULTS Periostin expression in HSCs and LX2 cells increased in association with their activation. Gene silencing of periostin resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of profibrotic markers. In addition to enhanced cell migration in response to periostin, LX2 cells incubated on periostin showed significant induction of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen, indicating a profibrotic property. An antibody targeting αvβ5 and αvβ3 integrins suppressed cell attachment to periostin by 60 and 30 % respectively, whereas anti-α5β1 antibody had no effect. Consistently, αv integrin-silenced LX2 cells exhibited decreased attachment to periostin, with a significant reduction in the levels of profibrotic markers. Moreover, these profibrotic effects of periostin were observed in the mouse models. In contrast to extensive collagen deposition in wild-type mice, periostin-/- mice developed less noticeable hepatic fibrosis induced by hepatotoxic and cholestatic liver injury. Accordingly, the profibrotic markers were significantly reduced in periostin-/- mice. CONCLUSION Periostin exerts potent profibrotic activity mediated by αv integrin, suggesting the periostin-αv integrin axis as a novel therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sugiyama
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Keishi Kanno
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Norihisa Nishimichi
- Cell-Matrix Frontier Laboratory, Biomedical Research Unit, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ohta
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Ono
- Central Institute, Shino-Test Corporation, 2-29-14, Oonodai Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0331, Japan
| | - Simon J Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yokosaki
- Cell-Matrix Frontier Laboratory, Biomedical Research Unit, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Susumu Tazuma
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Chang YC, Chang YS, Hsieh MC, Wu HJ, Wu MH, Lin CW, Wu WC, Kao YH. All-trans retinoic acid suppresses the adhering ability of ARPE-19 cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase and focal adhesion kinase. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:262-270. [PMID: 27919568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the signaling mechanism underlying the anti-adhesive effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells. Adhesion kinetics with or without ATRA treatment were profiled by adhesion assay. Surface coating with type IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin, but not type I collagen, significantly enhanced adhesion and spreading of ARPE-19 cells, while ATRA at subtoxic doses (ranging from 10-7 to 10-6 M) profoundly suppressed the extracellular matrix-enhanced adhesion ability. Cell attachment on FN activated PI3K/Akt and MAPK cascades, whereas ATRA pretreatment blunted the early phosphorylation of Akt and MAPK signaling mediators including p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, and ERK1/2. Mechanistically, signaling blockade with selective kinase inhibitors demonstrated that all MAPK pathways were involved in the anti-adhesive effect of ATRA, whereas the PI3K inhibitor treatment significantly potentiated the ATRA-suppressed RPE cell adhesion. Moreover, ATRA treatment did not affect intracellular F-actin distribution, but remarkably reduced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and its nuclear localization during ARPE-19 cell attachment. In conclusion, ATRA suppresses the adhering ability of ARPE-19 cells at least in part through MAPK and FAK pathways. Signaling blockade with PI3K inhibitor could be regarded as an alternative modality for treating proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Chen Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shin Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Hsieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jiun Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsien Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
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Kobayashi Y, Yoshida S, Zhou Y, Nakama T, Ishikawa K, Kubo Y, Arima M, Nakao S, Hisatomi T, Ikeda Y, Matsuda A, Sonoda KH, Ishibashi T. Tenascin-C secreted by transdifferentiated retinal pigment epithelial cells promotes choroidal neovascularization via integrin αV. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1178-1188. [PMID: 27668890 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C is expressed in choroidal neovascular (CNV) membranes in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, its role in the pathogenesis of CNV remains to be elucidated. Here we investigated the role of tenascin-C in CNV formation. In immunofluorescence analyses, tenascin-C co-stained with α-SMA, pan-cytokeratin, CD31, CD34, and integrin αV in the CNV membranes of patients with AMD and a mouse model of laser-induced CNV. A marked increase in the expression of tenascin-C mRNA and protein was observed 3 days after laser photocoagulation in the mouse CNV model. Tenascin-C was also shown to promote proliferation and inhibit adhesion of human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells in vitro. Moreover, tenascin-C promoted proliferation, adhesion, migration, and tube formation in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs); these functions were, however, blocked by cilengitide, an integrin αV inhibitor. Exposure to TGF-β2 increased tenascin-C expression in hRPE cells. Conditioned media harvested from TGF-β2-treated hRPE cell cultures enhanced HMVEC proliferation and tube formation, which were inhibited by pretreatment with tenascin-C siRNA. The CNV volume was significantly reduced in tenascin-C knockout mice and tenascin-C siRNA-injected mice. These findings suggest that tenascin-C is secreted by transdifferentiated RPE cells and promotes the development of CNV via integrin αV in a paracrine manner. Therefore, tenascin-C could be a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of CNV development associated with AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Hisatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Nakama T, Yoshida S, Ishikawa K, Kobayashi Y, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Shioi G, Katsuragi N, Ishibashi T, Morishita R, Taniyama Y. Different roles played by periostin splice variants in retinal neovascularization. Exp Eye Res 2016; 153:133-140. [PMID: 27744020 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (NV) due to retinal ischemia is one of the major causes of vision reduction in patients with different types of retinal diseases although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy can partially reduce the size of the retinal NV. We recently reported that periostin plays an important role in the development of NV and the formation of preretinal fibrovascular membranes, but the role of the splice variants of periostin on retinal NV has not been determined. We examined the expressions of periostin splice variants in the ischemic retinas of a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinal NV. We also studied the function of periostin splice variants on retinal NV using periostin knock out mice, and the effects of anti-periostin antibodies on retinal NV. Our results showed that the expressions of the periostin splice variants were increased in ischemic retinas. The degree of increase of periostin lacking exon 17 was the highest among the periostin splice variants examined. Both genetic ablation of periostin exons 17 and 21 and antibodies for periostin exons 17 and 21 affected preretinal pathological NV. Inhibition of exon 17 of periostin had the greatest effect in reducing preretinal pathological NV. These findings suggest a causal link between periostin splice variants and retinal NV, and an intravitreal injection of antibody for exon 17 and exon 21 of periostin should be considered to inhibit preretinal pathological NV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan; Animal Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naruto Katsuragi
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Interleukin-12 inhibits pathological neovascularization in mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28140. [PMID: 27312090 PMCID: PMC4911585 DOI: 10.1038/srep28140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization is a major pathological condition in many vision-threatening diseases. In the present study, we determined whether interleukin (IL)-12, a cytokine that regulates angiogenesis, plays a role in the neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). We found that the expressions of the mRNAs of both IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 were significantly reduced in the OIR retinas compared to that of the room air-raised control. The sizes of the avascular areas and neovascular tufts were larger in IL-12p40 knock-out (KO) mice than that in wild type (WT) mice. In addition, an intravitreal injection of recombinant IL-12 reduced both avascular areas and neovascular tufts. IL-12 injection enhanced the expressions of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and other downstream chemokines. In an in vitro system, IL-12 had no significant effect on tube formation of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs). Moreover, a blockade of IFN-γ suppressed the inhibitory effect of IL-12 on pathological neovascularization. These results suggest that IL-12 plays important roles in inhibiting pathological retinal neovascularization.
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Ishikawa K, Sreekumar PG, Spee C, Nazari H, Zhu D, Kannan R, Hinton DR. αB-Crystallin Regulates Subretinal Fibrosis by Modulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:859-73. [PMID: 26878210 PMCID: PMC4822331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Subretinal fibrosis is an end stage of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, characterized by fibrous membrane formation after choroidal neovascularization. An initial step of the pathogenesis is an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelium cells. αB-crystallin plays multiple roles in age-related macular degeneration, including cytoprotection and angiogenesis. However, the role of αB-crystallin in subretinal EMT and fibrosis is unknown. Herein, we showed attenuation of subretinal fibrosis after regression of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization and a decrease in mesenchymal retinal pigment epithelium cells in αB-crystallin knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. αB-crystallin was prominently expressed in subretinal fibrotic lesions in mice. In vitro, overexpression of αB-crystallin induced EMT, whereas suppression of αB-crystallin induced a mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Transforming growth factor-β2-induced EMT was further enhanced by overexpression of αB-crystallin but was inhibited by suppression of αB-crystallin. Silencing of αB-crystallin inhibited multiple fibrotic processes, including cell proliferation, migration, and fibronectin production. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 up-regulated αB-crystallin, and its EMT induction was inhibited by knockdown of αB-crystallin. Furthermore, inhibition of αB-crystallin enhanced monotetraubiquitination of SMAD4, which can impair its nuclear localization. Overexpression of αB-crystallin enhanced nuclear translocation and accumulation of SMAD4 and SMAD5. Thus, αB-crystallin is an important regulator of EMT, acting as a molecular chaperone for SMAD4 and as its potential therapeutic target for preventing subretinal fibrosis development in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Ishikawa
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Macular Research Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California; Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Christine Spee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hossein Nazari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Danhong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ram Kannan
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Macular Research Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - David R Hinton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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35
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Tamiya S, Kaplan HJ. Role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2016; 142:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ishikawa K, Kannan R, Hinton DR. Molecular mechanisms of subretinal fibrosis in age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2016; 142:19-25. [PMID: 25773985 PMCID: PMC4568171 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Subretinal fibrosis is a result of a wound healing response that follows choroidal neovascularization in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has become a standard treatment that improves visual acuity in many nAMD patients, unsuccessful treatment outcomes have often been attributed to the progression of subretinal fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the cellular and extracellular components of subretinal fibrous membranes and also discuss the possible molecular mechanisms including the functional involvement of growth factors and the inflammatory response in the process. Moreover, we present an murine animal model of subretinal fibrosis that might facilitate greater understanding of the pathophysiology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the inhibition of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Ishikawa
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Macular Research Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ram Kannan
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Macular Research Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David R Hinton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Resveratrol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelium and development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16386. [PMID: 26552368 PMCID: PMC4639835 DOI: 10.1038/srep16386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a serious complication of retinal detachment and ocular trauma, and its recurrence may lead to irreversible vision loss. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a critical step in the pathogenesis of PVR, which is characterized by fibrotic membrane formation and traction retinal detachment. In this study, we investigated the potential impact of resveratrol (RESV) on EMT and the fibrotic process in cultured RPE cells and further examined the preventive effect of RESV on PVR development using a rabbit model of PVR. We found that RESV induces mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) and inhibits transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2)-induced EMT of RPE cells by deacetylating SMAD4. The effect of RESV on MET was dependent on sirtuin1 activation. RESV suppressed proliferation, migration and fibronectin synthesis induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB or TGF-β2. In vivo, RESV inhibited the progression of experimental PVR in rabbit eyes. Histological findings showed that RESV reduced fibrotic membrane formation and decreased α-SMA expression in the epiretinal membranes. These results suggest the potential use of RESV as a therapeutic agent to prevent the development of PVR by targeting EMT of RPE.
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Chiappori A, De Ferrari L, Folli C, Mauri P, Riccio AM, Canonica GW. Biomarkers and severe asthma: a critical appraisal. Clin Mol Allergy 2015; 13:20. [PMID: 26430389 PMCID: PMC4590266 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-015-0027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma (SA) is a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous respiratory disease which affects among 5–10 % of asthmatic patients. Despite high-dose therapy, a large patients percentage is not fully controlled and has a poor quality of life. In this review, we describe the biomarkers actually known in scientific literature and used in clinical practice for SA assessment and management: neutrophils, eosinophils, periostin, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, exhaled breath condensate and galectins. Moreover, we give an overview on clinical and biological features characterizing severe asthma, paying special attention to the potential use of these ones as reliable markers. We finally underline the need to define different biomarkers panels to select patients affected by severe asthma for specific and personalized therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Chiappori
- DIMI-Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura De Ferrari
- DIMI-Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Folli
- DIMI-Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Riccio
- DIMI-Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- DIMI-Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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Hasegawa D, Wada N, Maeda H, Yoshida S, Mitarai H, Tomokiyo A, Monnouchi S, Hamano S, Yuda A, Akamine A. Wnt5a Induces Collagen Production by Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Through TGFβ1-Mediated Upregulation of Periostin Expression. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2647-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daigaku Hasegawa
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry; Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan
| | - Naohisa Wada
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry; Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry; Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yoshida
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry; Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiromi Mitarai
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry; Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry; Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan
| | - Satoshi Monnouchi
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry; Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan
| | - Sayuri Hamano
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry; Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan
| | - Asuka Yuda
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry; Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan
| | - Akifumi Akamine
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry; Kyushu University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan
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Ma SM, Chen LX, Lin YF, Yan H, Lv JW, Xiong M, Li J, Cheng GQ, Yang Y, Qiu ZL, Zhou WH. Periostin Promotes Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation following Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123585. [PMID: 25894199 PMCID: PMC4404137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation are required to replace neurons damaged or lost after hypoxic-ischemic events and recover brain function. Periostin (POSTN), a novel matricellular protein, plays pivotal roles in the survival, migration, and regeneration of various cell types, but its function in NSCs of neonatal rodent brain is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of POSTN in NSCs following hypoxia-ischemia (HI). We found that POSTN mRNA levels significantly increased in differentiating NSCs. The proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the hippocampus is compromised in POSTN knockout mice. Moreover, NSC proliferation and differentiation into neurons and astrocytes significantly increased in cultured NSCs treated with recombinant POSTN. Consistently, injection of POSTN into neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat brains stimulated NSC proliferation and differentiation in the subventricular and subgranular zones after 7 and 14 days of brain injury. Lastly, POSTN treatment significantly improved the spatial learning deficits of rats subjected to HI. These results suggest that POSTN significantly enhances NSC proliferation and differentiation after HI, and provides new insights into therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Wen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Cheng
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Long Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Crawford J, Nygard K, Gan BS, O'Gorman DB. Periostin induces fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast persistence in hypertrophic scarring. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:120-6. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Crawford
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory; Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre; Western University; London ON Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Karen Nygard
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Facility; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Bing Siang Gan
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory; Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre; Western University; London ON Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Surgery; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - David Brian O'Gorman
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory; Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre; Western University; London ON Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Surgery; Western University; London ON Canada
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Arima K, Ohta S, Takagi A, Shiraishi H, Masuoka M, Ontsuka K, Suto H, Suzuki S, Yamamoto KI, Ogawa M, Simmons O, Yamaguchi Y, Toda S, Aihara M, Conway SJ, Ikeda S, Izuhara K. Periostin contributes to epidermal hyperplasia in psoriasis common to atopic dermatitis. Allergol Int 2015; 64:41-8. [PMID: 25572557 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal hyperplasia is a histological hallmark observed in both atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, although the clinical features and the underlying immunological disorders of these diseases are different. We previously showed that periostin, a matricellular protein, plays a critical role in epidermal hyperplasia in AD, using a mouse model and a 3-dimensional organotypic coculture system. In this study, we explore the hypothesis that periostin is involved in epidermal hyperplasia in psoriasis. METHODS To examine expression of periostin in psoriasis patients, we performed immunohistochemical analysis on skin biopsies from six such patients. To investigate periostin's role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we evaluated periostin-deficient mice in a psoriasis mouse model induced by topical treatment with imiquimod (IMQ). RESULTS Periostin was substantially expressed in the dermis of all investigated psoriasis patients. Epidermal hyperplasia induced by IMQ treatment was impaired in periostin-deficient mice, along with decreased skin swelling. However, upon treatment with IMQ, periostin deficiency did not alter infiltration of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils; production of IL-17, -22, or -23; or induction/expansion of IL-17- and IL-22-producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells. CONCLUSIONS Periostin plays an important role during epidermal hyperplasia in IMQ-induced skin inflammation, independently of the IL-23-IL-17/IL-22 axis. Periostin appears to be a mediator for epidermal hyperplasia that is common to AD and psoriasis.
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Inhibition of choroidal fibrovascular membrane formation by new class of RNA interference therapeutic agent targeting periostin. Gene Ther 2014; 22:127-37. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang Y, Yuan Z, You C, Han J, Li H, Zhang Z, Yan H. Overexpression p21WAF1/CIP1 in suppressing retinal pigment epithelial cells and progression of proliferative vitreoretinopathy via inhibition CDK2 and cyclin E. BMC Ophthalmol 2014; 14:144. [PMID: 25421815 PMCID: PMC4255444 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background P21 is one kind of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that can prevent cells from going through the G1/S phase checkpoint and inhibit cell proliferation. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a proliferative response in the eye. The aim of this study was to determine whether p21Waf1/Cip1 (p21) suppresses the proliferation and migration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro and controls PVR development in vivo. Methods Cell cycle analyses and transwell assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation characteristics and the migration ability of RPE cells after transfection with p21. Western blot and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction technologies were used to detect the expression of p21, CDK2 and cyclinE in RPE cells and rabbit retinal tissues. The impact of increasing p21 expression on PVR development was conducted by implantation of an adenovirus vector containing rabbit p21 (rAd-p21) in a PVR rabbit model. The prevalence of PVR and retinal detachment was determined by indirect ophthalmoscopy on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after the injection of rAd-p21 into the vitreous. B scans and hematoxylin-eosin staining were employed to check rabbit retinas on day 21. Results Cell cycle analyses and transwell assays showed that p21 inhibited the proliferation and migration of RPE cells. Increased expression of p21 was detected in cultured RPE cells and rabbit retinas after transfection with the p21 gene, whereas levels of CDK2 and cyclinE were decreased. The increase in p21 expression effectively suppressed the development of PVR in a rabbit model. Conclusions The increase in p21 expression in RPE cells not only inhibits the proliferation and migration of RPE cells in vitro, but also suppresses the development of PVR in vivo, which indicates its therapeutic potential in treating PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hua Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Yoshida S, Kobayashi Y, Nakama T, Zhou Y, Ishikawa K, Arita R, Nakao S, Miyazaki M, Sassa Y, Oshima Y, Izuhara K, Kono T, Ishibashi T. Increased expression of M-CSF and IL-13 in vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: implications for M2 macrophage-involving fibrovascular membrane formation. Br J Ophthalmol 2014; 99:629-34. [PMID: 25355804 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently demonstrated that M2 macrophages were involved in the development of fibrovascular membranes (FVM) associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) possibly through the induction of periostin. The purpose of this study was to determine whether macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-13, inducers of the M2 polarisation of macrophages from monocytes, are elevated in the vitreous of patients with PDR, and whether M2-polarised macrophages induce periostin production. METHODS We measured the levels of M-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, IL-13, soluble (s)CD163, periostin and vascular endothelial growth factor by sandwich ELISA in vitreous samples collected from 61 eyes of 47 patients with PDR, and 39 eyes of 36 patients with non-diabetic ocular diseases (control group). Human monocytes were polarised in vitro with GM-CSF, interferon-γ, and lipopolysaccharide for M1 macrophages, and M-CSF, IL-4, and IL-13 for M2 macrophages. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA level of periostin. RESULTS The concentrations of M-CSF and IL-13 in the vitreous were significantly higher in patients with PDR than in non-diabetic controls (p<0.0001). There was a strong positive correlation between the vitreous concentrations of M-CSF and sCD163 and periostin. The mean vitreous level of IL-13 was significantly higher in eyes with FVMs than in those without FVMs (epicentre only). In vitro studies showed that M2-polarlised macrophages significantly increased the expression of the mRNA of periostin. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the M2 polarisation of macrophages is induced by M-CSF and IL-13 in diabetic retinas. The presence of M-CSF and IL-13 would then promote FVM formation by periostin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masanori Miyazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukio Sassa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Periostin in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: pathobiological insights and clinical implications. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:515-24. [PMID: 25446840 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Periostin is a modular glycoprotein frequently observed to be a major constituent of the extracellular milieu of mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other desmoplastic malignant tumors. In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, as well as in desmoplastic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, periostin is overexpressed and hypersecreted in large part, if not exclusively, by cancer-associated fibroblasts within the tumor stroma. Through its interaction with specific components of the extracellular tumor matrix, particularly collagen type I and tenascin-C, and with cell surface receptors, notably integrins leading to activation of the Akt and FAK signaling pathways, this TGF-β family-inducible matricellular protein appears to be functioning as a key extracellular matrix molecule regulating such critically important and diverse malignant tumor behaviors as tumor fibrogenesis and desmoplasia, invasive malignant cell growth, chemoresistance, and metastatic colonization. This review will discuss current evidence and basic molecular mechanisms implicating periostin as a mediator of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma invasive growth. In addition, its significance as a potential prognostic biomarker for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients, as well as future possibilities and challenges as a molecular target for cholangiocarcinoma therapy and/or prevention, will be critically evaluated.
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Kobayashi Y, Yoshida S, Nakama T, Zhou Y, Ishikawa K, Arita R, Nakao S, Miyazaki M, Sassa Y, Oshima Y, Izuhara K, Kono T, Ishibashi T. Overexpression of CD163 in vitreous and fibrovascular membranes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: possible involvement of periostin. Br J Ophthalmol 2014; 99:451-6. [PMID: 25281471 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether CD163, a specific marker for M2 macrophages, is involved in the formation of preretinal fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) present in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS We measured the levels of soluble (s)CD163, periostin and vascular endothelial growth factor by sandwich ELISA in vitreous samples from 74 eyes of 62 patients with PDR, 20 eyes of 18 patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and 56 eyes of 54 patients with non-diabetic ocular diseases (control group). Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine the expressions of CD68, CD163 and periostin in the surgically resected FVMs and idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERMs). RESULTS The concentrations of sCD163 and periostin in the vitreous were significantly higher in patients with PDR than in non-diabetic controls (p<0.0001). There was a strong correlation between the vitreous concentrations of sCD163 and periostin. The mean vitreous level of sCD163 was significantly higher in eyes with FVMs than in those without FVMs (epicentre only). The number and percentage of CD163+ macrophages were significantly higher in the FVMs than in the idiopathic ERMs. Immunohistochemical analysis showed co-localisation of CD163 and periostin in FVM cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the overexpression of CD163 by macrophages may be involved in the development of FVMs partly through periostin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masanori Miyazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukio Sassa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikusino-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikusino-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Izuhara K, Arima K, Ohta S, Suzuki S, Inamitsu M, Yamamoto KI. Periostin in allergic inflammation. Allergol Int 2014; 63:143-151. [PMID: 24662806 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.13-rai-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein belonging to the fasciclin family, has been shown to play a critical role in the process of remodeling during tissue/organ development or repair. Periostin functions as a matricellular protein in cell activation by binding to their receptors on cell surface, thereby exerting its biological activities. After we found that periostin is a downstream molecule of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, signature cytokines of type 2 immune responses, we showed that periostin is a component of subepithelial fibrosis in bronchial asthma, the first formal proof that periostin is involved in allergic inflammation. Subsequently, a great deal of evidence has accumulated demonstrating the significance of periostin in allergic inflammation. It is of note that in skin tissues, periostin is critical for amplification and persistence of allergic inflammation by communicating between fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Furthermore, periostin has been applied to development of novel diagnostics or therapeutic agents for allergic diseases. Serum periostin can reflect local production of periostin in inflamed lesions induced by Th2-type immune responses and also can predict the efficacy of Th2 antagonists against bronchial asthma. Blocking the interaction between periostin and its receptor, αv integrin, or down-regulating the periostin expression shows improvement of periostin-induced inflammation in mouse models or in in vitro systems. It is hoped that diagnostics or therapeutic agents targeting periostin will be of practical use in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ohta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Shoichi Suzuki
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Masako Inamitsu
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
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Pennock S, Haddock LJ, Eliott D, Mukai S, Kazlauskas A. Is neutralizing vitreal growth factors a viable strategy to prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy? Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 40:16-34. [PMID: 24412519 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a blinding disorder that occurs in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and in eyes that have recently undergone retinal detachment surgery. There are presently no treatment strategies to reduce the risk of developing PVR in eyes with retinal detachment, and surgical intervention is the only option for eyes with retinal detachment and established PVR. Given the poor visual outcome associated with the surgical treatment of PVR, considerable work has been done to identify pharmacologic agents that could antagonize the PVR process. Intensive efforts to identify molecular determinants of PVR implicate vitreal growth factors. A surprise that emerged in the course of testing the 'growth factor hypothesis' of PVR was the existence of a functional relationship amongst growth factors that engage platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor α (PDGFRα), a receptor tyrosine kinase that is key to pathogenesis of experimental PVR. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor A (VEGF), which is best known for its ability to activate VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) and induce permeability and/or angiogenesis, enables activation of PDGFRα by a wide spectrum of vitreal growth factors outside of the PDGF family (non-PDGFs) in a way that triggers signaling events that potently enhance the viability of cells displaced into vitreous. Targeting these growth factors or signaling events effectively neutralizes the bioactivity of PVR vitreous and prevents PVR in a number of preclinical models. In this review, we discuss recent conceptual advances in understanding the role of growth factors in PVR, and consider the tangible treatment strategies for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pennock
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Luis J Haddock
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dean Eliott
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shizuo Mukai
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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