1
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Valero P, Cornejo M, Fuentes G, Wehinger S, Toledo F, van der Beek EM, Sobrevia L, Moore-Carrasco R. Platelets and endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13940. [PMID: 36700365 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased in recent years, along with the higher prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age. GDM is a pathology associated with vascular dysfunction in the fetoplacental unit. GDM-associated endothelial dysfunction alters the transfer of nutrients to the foetus affecting newborns and pregnant women. Various mechanisms for this vascular dysfunction have been proposed, of which the most studied are metabolic alterations of the vascular endothelium. However, different cell types are involved in GDM-associated endothelial dysfunction, including platelets. Platelets are small, enucleated cell fragments that actively take part in blood haemostasis and thrombus formation. Thus, they play crucial roles in pathologies coursing with endothelial dysfunction, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, platelet function in GDM is understudied. Several reports show a potential relationship between platelet volume and mass with GDM; however, platelet roles and signaling mechanisms in GDM-associated endothelial dysfunction are unclear. This review summarizes the reported findings and proposes a link among altered amount, volume, mass, reactivity, and function of platelets and placenta development, resulting in fetoplacental vascular dysfunction in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Valero
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cornejo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Fuentes
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Wehinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nestlé Institute for Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Societé des Produits de Nestlé, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Medical School (Faculty of Medicine), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eutra, The Institute for Obesity Research (IOR), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
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2
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Taggi V, Riera Romo M, Piquette-Miller M, Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Neuhoff S. Transporter Regulation in Critical Protective Barriers: Focus on Brain and Placenta. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071376. [PMID: 35890272 PMCID: PMC9319476 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug transporters play an important role in the maintenance of chemical balance and homeostasis in different tissues. In addition to their physiological functions, they are crucial for the absorption, distribution, and elimination of many clinically important drugs, thereby impacting therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that infectious, metabolic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases alter the expression and function of drug transporters. However, the current knowledge on transporter regulation in critical protective barriers, such as the brain and placenta, is still limited and requires more research. For instance, while many studies have examined P-glycoprotein, it is evident that research on the regulation of highly expressed transporters in the blood–brain barrier and blood–placental barrier are lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize the currently available literature in order to better understand transporter regulation in these critical barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Taggi
- Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (V.T.); (H.E.M.z.S.)
| | - Mario Riera Romo
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada; (M.R.R.); (M.P.-M.)
| | - Micheline Piquette-Miller
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada; (M.R.R.); (M.P.-M.)
| | | | - Sibylle Neuhoff
- Certara UK Ltd., Simcyp Division, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK
- Correspondence:
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3
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The Mystery of Exosomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2169259. [PMID: 35720179 PMCID: PMC9200544 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2169259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the common pregnancy complications, which increases the risk of short-term and long-term adverse consequences in both the mother and offspring. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of GDM is still poorly understood. Inflammation, insulin resistance and oxidative stress are considered critical factors in the occurrence and development of GDM. Although the lifestyle intervention and insulin are the primary treatment, adverse pregnancy outcomes still cannot be ignored. Exosomes have a specific function of carrying biological information, which can transmit information to target cells and play an essential role in intercellular communication. Their possible roles in normal pregnancy and GDM have been widely concerned. The possibility of exosomal cargos as biomarkers of GDM is proposed. This paper reviews the literature in recent years and discusses the role of exosomes in GDM and their possible mechanisms to provide some reference for the prediction, prevention, and treatment of GDM and improve the outcome of pregnancy.
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4
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Kornacki J, Gutaj P, Kalantarova A, Sibiak R, Jankowski M, Wender-Ozegowska E. Endothelial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1756. [PMID: 34944571 PMCID: PMC8698592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium, which constitutes the inner layer of blood vessels and lymphatic structures, plays an important role in various physiological functions. Alterations in structure, integrity and function of the endothelial layer during pregnancy have been associated with numerous gestational complications, including clinically significant disorders, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and diabetes. While numerous experimental studies have focused on establishing the role of endothelial dysfunction in pathophysiology of these gestational complications, their mechanisms remain unknown. Numerous biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction have been proposed, together with the mechanisms by which they relate to individual gestational complications. However, more studies are required to determine clinically relevant markers specific to a gestational complication of interest, as currently most of them present a significant overlap. Although the independent diagnostic value of such markers remains to be insufficient for implementation in standard clinical practice at the moment, inclusion of certain markers in predictive multifactorial models can improve their prognostic value. The future of the research in this field lies in the fine tuning of the clinical markers to be used, as well as identifying possible therapeutic techniques to prevent or reverse endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kornacki
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.); (E.W.-O.)
| | - Paweł Gutaj
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.); (E.W.-O.)
| | - Anastasia Kalantarova
- Medicine Program, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 41 Jackowskiego Street, 60-512 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rafał Sibiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ewa Wender-Ozegowska
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.); (E.W.-O.)
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5
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Higa R, Leonardi ML, Jawerbaum A. Intrauterine Programming of Cardiovascular Diseases in Maternal Diabetes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:760251. [PMID: 34803741 PMCID: PMC8595320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.760251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes is a prevalent pathology that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the offspring, the heart being one of the main target organs affected from the fetal stage until the adult life. Metabolic, pro-oxidant, and proinflammatory alterations in the fetal heart constitute the first steps in the adverse fetal programming of cardiovascular disease in the context of maternal diabetes. This review discusses both human and experimental studies addressing putative mechanisms involved in this fetal programming of heart damage in maternal diabetes. These include cardiac epigenetic changes, alterations in cardiac carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, damaging effects caused by a pro-oxidant and proinflammatory environment, alterations in the cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling, and specific signaling pathways. Putative actions to prevent cardiovascular impairments in the offspring of mothers with diabetes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Higa
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Leonardi
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Exposome and foetoplacental vascular dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:101019. [PMID: 34483008 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A balanced communication between the mother, placenta and foetus is crucial to reach a successful pregnancy. Several windows of exposure to environmental toxins are present during pregnancy. When the women metabolic status is affected by a disease or environmental toxin, the foetus is impacted and may result in altered development and growth. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of pregnancy characterised by abnormal glucose metabolism affecting the mother and foetus. This disease of pregnancy associates with postnatal consequences for the child and the mother. The whole endogenous and exogenous environmental factors is defined as the exposome. Endogenous insults conform to the endo-exposome, and disruptors contained in the immediate environment are the ecto-exposome. Some components of the endo-exposome, such as Selenium, vitamins D and B12, adenosine, and a high-fat diet, and ecto-exposome, such as the heavy metals Arsenic, Mercury, Lead and Copper, and per- and polyfluoroakyl substances, result in adverse pregnancies, including an elevated risk of GDM or gestational diabesity. The impact of the exposome on the human placenta's vascular physiology and function in GDM and gestational diabesity is reviewed.
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7
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Mei Y, Yu J, Wen L, Fan X, Zhao Y, Li J, Qiao J, Fu H, Leong P, Saffery R, Tong Q, Kilby MD, Qi H, Tong C, Baker PN. Perinatal outcomes and offspring growth profiles in twin pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108623. [PMID: 33316314 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies and its impact on fetal growth profiles of twin offspring from 6 weeks to 12 months of corrected age. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted among pregnant women with twins and their twin offspring. All information on perinatal outcomes and child growth trajectories from 6 weeks to 12 months of corrected age were obtained and analyzed using a general linear model and logistic regression models. RESULTS GDM was not correlated with adverse perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies; however, in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA), but not dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancies, GDM was correlated with gestational hypertension disorder and a fetus being small for gestational age (OR, 2.68; 95% CI 1.16-6.04 and OR, 0.35; 95% CI 0.16-0.76, respectively). In both MCDA and DCDA groups, GDM was positively associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight at 6 months of corrected age (2.32 [1.05, 5.09] and 2.00 [1.13, 3.53]). CONCLUSIONS GDM had a greater impact on MCDA twin pregnancies in terms of maternal gestational hypertension disease and small for gestational age of newborns. Additionally, twin offspring exposed to GDM had a higher risk of being overweight at 6 months of corrected age irrespective of chorionicity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-OOC-16008203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Mei
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; International Collaborative Jointed Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiaxiao Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; International Collaborative Jointed Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; International Collaborative Jointed Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Child Healthcare, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Child Healthcare, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Juan Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; International Collaborative Jointed Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huijia Fu
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; International Collaborative Jointed Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Pamela Leong
- Cancer, Disease and Developmental Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer, Disease and Developmental Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Qi Tong
- Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's & Children's Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK; Institute of Metabolism & Systems Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; International Collaborative Jointed Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; International Collaborative Jointed Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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8
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Salsoso R, Mate A, Toledo F, Vázquez CM, Sobrevia L. Insulin requires A 2B adenosine receptors to modulate the L-arginine/nitric oxide signalling in the human fetoplacental vascular endothelium from late-onset preeclampsia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165993. [PMID: 33096224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE) associates with reduced umbilical vein reactivity and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity but increased human cationic amino acid (hCAT-1)-mediated L-arginine transport involving A2A adenosine receptor in the fetoplacental unit. This study addresses the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR)-mediated response to insulin in the fetoplacental vasculature from LOPE. Umbilical veins and HUVECs were obtained from women with normal (n = 37) or LOPE (n = 35) pregnancies. Umbilical vein rings reactivity to insulin was assayed in the absence or presence of adenosine and MRS-1754 (A2BAR antagonist) in a wire myograph. HUVECs were exposed to insulin, MRS-1754, BAY60-6583 (A2BAR agonist), NECA (general adenosine receptors agonist) or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NOS inhibitor). A2BAR, hCAT-1, total and phosphorylated eNOS, Akt and p44/42mapk protein abundance were determined by Western blotting. Insulin receptors A (IR-A) and B (IR-B), eNOS and hCAT-1 mRNA were determined by qPCR. Firefly/Renilla luciferase assay was used to determine -1606 bp SLC7A1 (hCAT-1) promoter activity. L-Citrulline content was measured by HPLC, L-[3H]citrulline formation from L-[3H]arginine by the Citrulline assay, and intracellular cGMP by radioimmunoassay. LOPE-reduced dilation of vein rings to insulin was restored by MRS-1754. HUVECs from LOPE showed higher A2BAR, hCAT-1, and IR-A expression, Akt and p44/42mapk activation, and lower NOS activity. MRS-1754 reversed the LOPE effect on A2BAR, hCAT-1, Akt, and eNOS inhibitory phosphorylation. Insulin reversed the LOPE effect on A2BAR, IR-A and eNOS, but increased hCAT-1-mediated transport. Thus, LOPE alters endothelial function, causing an imbalance in the L-arginine/NO signalling pathway to reduce the umbilical vein dilation to insulin requiring A2BAR activation in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Carmen M Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain.
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; Medical School (Faculty of Medicine), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.
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9
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in the fetoplacental unit in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165948. [PMID: 32866635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of pregnancy that is associated with d-glucose intolerance and foeto-placental vascular dysfunction. GMD causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the placental endothelium and trophoblast. Additionally, GDM is associated with reduced placental oxidative phosphorylation due to diminished activity of the mitochondrial F0F1-ATP synthase (complex V). This phenomenon may result from a higher generation of reactive superoxide anion and nitric oxide. Placental mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy work in concert to maintain cell homeostasis and are vital mechanisms securing the efficient generation of ATP, whose demand is higher in pregnancy, ensuring foetal growth and development. Additional factors disturbing placental ATP synthase activity in GDM include pre-gestational maternal obesity or overweight, intracellular pH, miRNAs, fatty acid oxidation, and foetal (and 'placental') sex. GDM is also associated with maternal and foetal hyperinsulinaemia, altered circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin, and the accumulation of extracellular adenosine. Here, we reviewed the potential interplay between these molecules or metabolic conditions on the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the foeto-placental unit in GDM pregnancies.
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10
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Sáez T, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Extracellular Vesicles and Insulin Resistance: A Potential Interaction in Vascular Dysfunction. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 17:491-497. [PMID: 30277159 DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666181002095745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays a key role in cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders. In states of insulin resistance several circulating factors may contribute to a defective insulin sensitivity in different tissues, including the vasculature. One of these factors influencing the vascular insulin resistance are the extracellular vesicles. The extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies which are released to the circulation by different vascular cells. Since the cargo of extracellular vesicles seems to be altered in metabolic complications associated with insulin resistance, these vesicles may be candidates contributing to vascular insulin resistance. Despite the studies linking insulin resistance signalling pathways with the vascular effect of extracellular vesicles, the involvement of these structures in vascular insulin resistance is a phenomenon that remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sáez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2S2, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2S2, AB, Canada
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Bio-Bio University, Chillan 3780000, Chile.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Villalobos-Labra R, Westermeier F, Pizarro C, Sáez PJ, Toledo F, Pardo F, Kusanovic JP, Mardones F, Poblete JA, Sobrevia L, Farías M. Neonates from women with pregestational maternal obesity show reduced umbilical vein endothelial response to insulin. Placenta 2019; 86:35-44. [PMID: 31345420 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregestational maternal obesity (PGMO) associates with foetoplacental vascular endothelial dysfunction and higher risk for insulin resistance in the neonate. We characterised the PGMO consequences on the insulin response of the human foetoplacental vasculature. METHODS Umbilical veins were from pregnancies where the mother was with PGMO (body mass index 30-42.3 kg/m2, n = 33) or normal pregestational weight (PGMN) (body mass index 19.5-24.4 kg/m2, n = 21) with total gestational weight gain within the physiological range. Umbilical vein ring segments were mounted in a myograph for isometric force measurements. Primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used in passage 3. Vessel rings and cells were exposed to 1 nmol/L insulin (20 min) in the absence or presence of 100 μmol/L NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, NOS). RESULTS Vessel rings from PGMO showed reduced nitric oxide synthase-activity dependent dilation to insulin or calcitonin-gene related peptide compared with PGMN. PGMO associated with higher inhibitor phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and lower activator phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt (Akt). Cells from PGMO also showed lower nitric oxide level and reduced activator serine1177 but increased inhibitor threonine495 phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and saturable transport of l-arginine. HUVECs from PGMO were not responsive to insulin. CONCLUSION The lack of response to insulin by the foetoplacental endothelium may result from reduced IRS-1/Akt/eNOS signalling in PGMO. These findings may result in higher risk of insulin resistance in neonates to PGMO pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; FH JOANNEUM Gesellschaft MbH University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Science, Eggenberger Allee 13, 8020, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolina Pizarro
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, 3780000, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center of Territorial Health Research (CIISTe), San Felipe Campus, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, 2172972, San Felipe, Chile
| | - Juan P Kusanovic
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Francisco Mardones
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - José A Poblete
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile.
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Altered foetoplacental vascular endothelial signalling to insulin in diabesity. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Involvement of A2B adenosine receptors as anti-inflammatory in gestational diabesity. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Sáez T, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Impaired signalling pathways mediated by extracellular vesicles in diabesity. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Downregulation of the Netrin-1 Receptor UNC5b Underlies Increased Placental Angiogenesis in Human Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061408. [PMID: 30897795 PMCID: PMC6470495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder, defined by high blood glucose levels during pregnancy, which affects foetal and post-natal development. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this detrimental condition are still poorly understood. A dysregulation in circulating angiogenic trophic factors, due to a dysfunction of the feto-placental unit, has been proposed to underlie GDM. But even the detailed study of canonical pro-angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) has not been able to fully explain this detrimental condition during pregnancy. Netrins are non-canonical angiogenic ligands produced by the stroma have shown to be important in placental angiogenesis. In order to address the potential role of Netrin signalling in GDM, we tested the effect of Netrin-1, the most investigated member of the family, produced by Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJ-MSC), on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) angiogenesis. WJ-MSC and HUVEC primary cell cultures from either healthy or GDM pregnancies were exposed to physiological (5 mM) or high (25 mM) d-glucose. Our results reveal that Netrin-1 is secreted by WJ-MSC from healthy and GDM and both expression and secretion of the ligand do not change with distinct experimental glucose conditions. Noteworthy, the expression of its anti-angiogenic receptor UNC5b is reduced in GDM HUVEC compared with its expression in healthy HUVEC, accounting for an increased Netrin-1 signalling in these cells. Consistently, in healthy HUVEC, UNC5b overexpression induces cell retraction of the sprouting phenotype.
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Silva L, Plösch T, Toledo F, Faas MM, Sobrevia L. Adenosine kinase and cardiovascular fetal programming in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165397. [PMID: 30699363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a detrimental condition for human pregnancy associated with endothelial dysfunction and endothelial inflammation in the fetoplacental vasculature and leads to increased cardio-metabolic risk in the offspring. In the fetoplacental vasculature, GDM is associated with altered adenosine metabolism. Adenosine is an important vasoactive molecule and is an intermediary and final product of transmethylation reactions in the cell. Adenosine kinase is the major regulator of adenosine levels. Disruption of this enzyme is associated with alterations in methylation-dependent gene expression regulation mechanisms, which are associated with the fetal programming phenomenon. Here we propose that cellular and molecular alterations associated with GDM can dysregulate adenosine kinase leading to fetal programming in the fetoplacental vasculature. This can contribute to the cardio-metabolic long-term consequences observed in offspring after exposure to GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands.
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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17
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Subiabre M, Villalobos-Labra R, Silva L, Fuentes G, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Role of insulin, adenosine, and adipokine receptors in the foetoplacental vascular dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165370. [PMID: 30660686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of pregnancy associated with maternal and foetal hyperglycaemia and altered foetoplacental vascular function. Human foetoplacental microvascular and macrovascular endothelium from GDM pregnancy show increased maximal l-arginine transport capacity via the human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCAT-1) isoform and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). These alterations are paralleled by lower maximal transport activity of the endogenous nucleoside adenosine via the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) and activation of adenosine receptors. A causal relationship has been described for adenosine-activation of A2A adenosine receptors, hCAT-1, and eNOS activity (i.e. the Adenosine/l-Arginine/Nitric Oxide, ALANO, signalling pathway). Insulin restores these alterations in GDM via activation of insulin receptor A (IR-A) form in the macrovascular but IR-A and IR-B forms in the microcirculation of the human placenta. Adipokines are secreted from adipocytes influencing the foetoplacental metabolic and vascular function. Various adipokines are dysregulated in GDM, with adiponectin and leptin playing major roles. Abnormal plasma concentration of these adipokines and the activation or their receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of GDM. However, involvement of adipokines, adenosine, and insulin receptors and membrane transporters in the aetiology of this disease of pregnancy is unknown. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of insulin and adenosine receptors and l-arginine and adenosine membranes transporters giving an overview of the key adipokines leptin and adiponectin in the foetoplacental vasculature in GDM. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Transporters and Receptors in Pregnancy Metabolic Complications edited by Luis Sobrevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo Fuentes
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Cell Physiology Laboratory, Biomedical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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18
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Villalobos-Labra R, Subiabre M, Toledo F, Pardo F, Sobrevia L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and development of insulin resistance in adipose, skeletal, liver, and foetoplacental tissue in diabesity. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 66:49-61. [PMID: 30472165 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabesity is an abnormal metabolic condition shown by patients with obesity that develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabesity present with insulin resistance, reduced vascular response to insulin, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Along with the several well-described mechanisms of insulin resistance, a state of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, where the primary human targets are the adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and the foetoplacental vasculature, is apparent. ER stress characterises by the activation of the unfolded protein response via three canonical ER stress sensors, i.e., the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor 6. Slightly different cell signalling mechanisms preferentially enable in diabesity in the ER stress-associated insulin resistance for adipose tissue (IRE1α/X-box binding protein 1 mRNA splicing/c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 activation), skeletal muscle (tribbles-like protein 3 (TRB3)/proinflammatory cytokines activation), and liver (PERK/activating transcription factor 4/TRB3 activation). There is no information in human subjects with diabesity in the foetoplacental vasculature. However, the available literature shows that pregnant women with pre-pregnancy obesity or overweight that develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their newborn show insulin resistance. ER stress is recently reported to be triggered in endothelial cells from the human umbilical vein from mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity. However, whether a different metabolic alteration to obesity in pregnancy or GDM is present in women with pre-pregnancy obesity that develop GDM, is unknown. In this review, we summarised the findings on diabesity-associated mechanisms of insulin resistance with emphasis in the primary targets adipose, skeletal muscle, liver, and foetoplacental tissues. We also give evidence on the possibility of a new GDM-associated metabolic condition triggered in pregnancy by maternal obesity, i.e. gestational diabesity, leading to ER stress-associated insulin resistance in the human foetoplacental vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile.
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, 3780000, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center of Territorial Health Research (CIISTe), San Felipe Campus, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, 2172972, San Felipe, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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Insulin therapy and its consequences for the mother, foetus, and newborn in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2949-2956. [PMID: 29890222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease characterised by glucose intolerance and first diagnosed in pregnancy. This condition relates to an anomalous placental environment and aberrant placental vascular function. GDM-associated hyperglycaemia changes the placenta structure leading to abnormal development and functionality of this vital organ. Aiming to avoid the GDM-hyperglycaemia and its deleterious consequences in the mother, the foetus and newborn, women with GDM are firstly treated with a controlled diet therapy; however, some of the women fail to reach the recommended glycaemia values and therefore they are passed to the second line of treatment, i.e., insulin therapy. The several protocols available in the literature regarding insulin therapy are variable and not a clear consensus is yet reached. Insulin therapy restores maternal glycaemia, but this beneficial effect is not reflected in the foetus and newborn metabolism, suggesting that other factors than d-glucose may be involved in the pathophysiology of GDM. Worryingly, insulin therapy may cause alterations in the placenta and umbilical vessels as well as the foetus and newborn additional to those seen in pregnant women with GDM treated with diet. In this review, we summarised the variable information regarding indications and protocols for administration of the insulin therapy and the possible outcomes on the function and structure of the foetoplacental unit and the neonate parameters from women with GDM.
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Kerr B, Leiva A, Farías M, Contreras-Duarte S, Toledo F, Stolzenbach F, Silva L, Sobrevia L. Foetoplacental epigenetic changes associated with maternal metabolic dysfunction. Placenta 2018; 69:146-152. [PMID: 29699712 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-related diseases are attributed to a sedentary lifestyle and eating habits, and there is now an increased awareness regarding pregnancy as a preponderant window in the programming of adulthood health and disease. The developing foetus is susceptible to the maternal environment; hence, any unfavourable condition will result in foetal physiological adaptations that could have a permanent impact on its health. Some of these alterations are maintained via epigenetic modifications capable of modifying gene expression in metabolism-related genes. Children born to mothers with dyslipidaemia, pregestational or gestational obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus, have a predisposition to develop metabolic alterations during adulthood. CpG methylation-associated alterations to the expression of several genes in the human placenta play a crucial role in the mother-to-foetus transfer of nutrients and macromolecules. Identification of epigenetic modifications in metabolism-related tissues of offspring from metabolic-altered pregnancies is essential to obtain insights into foetal programming controlling newborn, childhood, and adult metabolism. This review points out the importance of the foetal milieu in the programming and development of human disease and provides evidence of this being the underlying mechanism for the development of adulthood metabolic disorders in maternal dyslipidaemia, pregestational or gestational obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bredford Kerr
- Laboratory of Biology, Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia 5110466, Chile.
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Susana Contreras-Duarte
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Francisca Stolzenbach
- Laboratory of Biology, Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia 5110466, Chile; Faculty of Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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Pardo F, Villalobos-Labra R, Sobrevia B, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Extracellular vesicles in obesity and diabetes mellitus. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 60:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Sáez T, Salsoso R, Leiva A, Toledo F, de Vos P, Faas M, Sobrevia L. Human umbilical vein endothelium-derived exosomes play a role in foetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:499-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sáez T, de Vos P, Sobrevia L, Faas MM. Is there a role for exosomes in foetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus? Placenta 2017; 61:48-54. [PMID: 29277271 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of pregnancy associated with endothelial dysfunction in the foetoplacental vasculature. Foetoplacental endothelial dysfunction is characterized by changes in the l-arginine-adenosine signalling pathway and inflammation. The mechanisms involved in these alterations are suggested to be hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, and oxidative stress. These conditions increase the release of exosomes, nanovesicles that are generated from diverse cell types, including endothelial cells. Since exosomes can modulate vascular function, they may play an important role in foetoplacental endothelial dysfunction seen in GDM pregnancies. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on the potential role of exosomes in foetoplacental endothelial dysfunction seen in this disease of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Subiabre M, Silva L, Villalobos-Labra R, Toledo F, Paublo M, López MA, Salsoso R, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Maternal insulin therapy does not restore foetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2987-2998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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25
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Belfiore A, Malaguarnera R, Vella V, Lawrence MC, Sciacca L, Frasca F, Morrione A, Vigneri R. Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Physiology and Disease: An Updated View. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:379-431. [PMID: 28973479 PMCID: PMC5629070 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing that generates two IR isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The physiological roles of IR isoforms are incompletely understood and appear to be determined by their different binding affinities for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly for IGF-2. Predominant roles of IR-A in prenatal growth and development and of IR-B in metabolic regulation are well established. However, emerging evidence indicates that the differential expression of IR isoforms may also help explain the diversification of insulin and IGF signaling and actions in various organs and tissues by involving not only different ligand-binding affinities but also different membrane partitioning and trafficking and possibly different abilities to interact with a variety of molecular partners. Of note, dysregulation of the IR-A/IR-B ratio is associated with insulin resistance, aging, and increased proliferative activity of normal and neoplastic tissues and appears to sustain detrimental effects. This review discusses novel information that has generated remarkable progress in our understanding of the physiology of IR isoforms and their role in disease. We also focus on novel IR ligands and modulators that should now be considered as an important strategy for better and safer treatment of diabetes and cancer and possibly other IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University Kore of Enna, via della Cooperazione, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Michael C. Lawrence
- Structural Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
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26
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Alarcón S, Garrido W, Vega G, Cappelli C, Suárez R, Oyarzún C, Quezada C, San Martín R. Deficient Insulin-mediated Upregulation of the Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 2 Contributes to Chronically Increased Adenosine in Diabetic Glomerulopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9439. [PMID: 28842605 PMCID: PMC5572683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient insulin signaling is a key event mediating diabetic glomerulopathy. Additionally, diabetic kidney disease has been related to increased levels of adenosine. Therefore, we tested a link between insulin deficiency and dysregulated activity of the equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) responsible for controlling extracellular levels of adenosine. In ex vivo glomeruli, high D-glucose decreased nucleoside uptake mediated by ENT1 and ENT2 transporters, resulting in augmented extracellular levels of adenosine. This condition was reversed by exposure to insulin. Particularly, insulin through insulin receptor/PI3K pathway markedly upregulated ENT2 uptake activity to restores the extracellular basal level of adenosine. Using primary cultured rat podocytes as a cellular model, we found insulin was able to increase ENT2 maximal velocity of transport. Also, PI3K activity was necessary to maintain ENT2 protein levels in the long term. In glomeruli of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, insulin deficiency leads to decreased activity of ENT2 and chronically increased extracellular levels of adenosine. Treatment of diabetic rats with adenosine deaminase attenuated both the glomerular loss of nephrin and proteinuria. In conclusion, we evidenced ENT2 as a target of insulin signaling and sensitive to dysregulation in diabetes, leading to chronically increased extracellular adenosine levels and thereby setting conditions conducive to kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Alarcón
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Wallys Garrido
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Génesis Vega
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Cappelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Raibel Suárez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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27
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Silva L, Subiabre M, Araos J, Sáez T, Salsoso R, Pardo F, Leiva A, San Martín R, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Insulin/adenosine axis linked signalling. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:45-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Celis N, Araos J, Sanhueza C, Toledo F, Beltrán AR, Pardo F, Leiva A, Ramírez MA, Sobrevia L. Intracellular acidification increases adenosine transport in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Placenta 2017; 51:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Pharmacological targeting of adenosine receptor signaling. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:4-8. [PMID: 28088486 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptor signaling plays important roles in normal physiology, but is also known to modulate the development or progression of several different diseases. The design of new, efficient, and safe pharmacological approaches to target the adenosine system may have considerable therapeutic potential, but is also associated with many challenges. This review summarizes the main challenges of adenosine receptor targeted treatment including tolerance, disease stage, cell type-specific effects, caffeine intake, adenosine level assessment and receptor distribution in vivo. Moreover, we discuss several potential ways to overcome these obstacles (i.e., the use of partial agonists, indirect receptor targeting, allosteric enhancers, prodrugs, non-receptor-mediated effects, neoreceptors, conditional knockouts). It is important to address these concerns during development of new and successful therapeutic approaches targeting the adenosine system.
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30
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Villalobos-Labra R, Silva L, Subiabre M, Araos J, Salsoso R, Fuenzalida B, Sáez T, Toledo F, González M, Quezada C, Pardo F, Chiarello DI, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Akt/mTOR Role in Human Foetoplacental Vascular Insulin Resistance in Diseases of Pregnancy. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:5947859. [PMID: 29104874 PMCID: PMC5618766 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5947859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characteristic of pregnancies where the mother shows metabolic alterations, such as preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or abnormal maternal conditions such as pregestational maternal obesity (PGMO). Insulin signalling includes activation of insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) as well as Src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein 1, leading to activation of 44 and 42 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase B/Akt (Akt) signalling cascades in the human foetoplacental vasculature. PE, GDM, and PGMO are abnormal conditions coursing with reduced insulin signalling, but the possibility of the involvement of similar cell signalling mechanisms is not addressed. This review aimed to determine whether reduced insulin signalling in PE, GDM, and PGMO shares a common mechanism in the human foetoplacental vasculature. Insulin resistance in these pathological conditions results from reduced Akt activation mainly due to inhibition of IRS1/2, likely due to the increased activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) resulting from lower activity of adenosine monophosphate kinase. Thus, a defective signalling via Akt/mTOR in response to insulin is a central and common mechanism of insulin resistance in these diseases of pregnancy. In this review, we summarise the cell signalling mechanisms behind the insulin resistance state in PE, GDM, and PGMO focused in the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in the human foetoplacental endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Araos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, 3780000 Chillán, Chile
| | - Marcelo González
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5110566 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Center of Research, Development and Innovation in Health-Aconcagua Valley, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe Campus, 2172972 San Felipe, Chile
| | - Delia I. Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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31
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Spradley FT. Metabolic abnormalities and obesity's impact on the risk for developing preeclampsia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 312:R5-R12. [PMID: 27903516 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00440.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, is increasing as a major contributor to perinatal and long-term morbidity of mother and offspring. PE is thought to originate from ischemic insults in the placenta driving the release of prohypertensive anti-angiogenic [soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)] and proinflammatory [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] factors into the maternal circulation. Whereas the increased incidence of PE is hypothesized to be largely due to the obesity pandemic, the mechanisms whereby obesity increases this risk are unknown. The maternal endothelium is targeted by placental and adipose tissue-derived factors like sFlt-1 and TNF-α that promote hypertension during pregnancy, resulting in vascular dysfunction and hypertension. Interestingly, not all obese pregnant women develop PE. Data suggest that obese pregnant women with the greatest metabolic abnormalities have the highest incidence of PE. Identifying obesity-related mechanisms driving hypertension in some obese pregnant women and pathways that protect normotensive obese pregnant women, may uncover novel protocols to treat PE. Metabolic abnormalities, such as increased circulating leptin, glucose, insulin, and lipids, are likely to increase the risk for PE in obese women. It is not only important to understand whether each of these metabolic factors contribute to the increased risk for PE in obesity, but also their cumulative effects. This is particularly relevant to obese pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) where all of these factors are increased and the risk for PE is highest. It is speculated that these factors potentiate the anti-angiogenic and proinflammatory mechanisms of placental ischemia-induced vascular dysfunction thereby contributing to the increasing incidence of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Spradley
- Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, Women's Health Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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32
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Westermeier F, Sáez T, Arroyo P, Toledo F, Gutiérrez J, Sanhueza C, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Insulin receptor isoforms: an integrated view focused on gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:350-65. [PMID: 26431063 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human insulin receptor (IR) exists in two isoforms that differ by the absence (IR-A) or the presence (IR-B) of a 12-amino acid segment encoded by exon 11. Both isoforms are functionally distinct regarding their binding affinities and intracellular signalling. However, the underlying mechanisms related to their cellular functions in several tissues are only partially understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in this field regarding the alternative splicing of IR isoform, tissue-specific distribution and signalling both in physiology and disease, with an emphasis on the human placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Furthermore, we discuss the clinical relevance of IR isoforms highlighted by findings that show altered insulin signalling due to differential IR-A and IR-B expression in human placental endothelium in GDM pregnancies. Future research and clinical studies focused on the role of IR isoform signalling might provide novel therapeutic targets for treating GDM to improve the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Westermeier
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Centre for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Faculty of Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Arroyo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - J Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular Signalling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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33
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Sobrevia L, Salsoso R, Fuenzalida B, Barros E, Toledo L, Silva L, Pizarro C, Subiabre M, Villalobos R, Araos J, Toledo F, González M, Gutiérrez J, Farías M, Chiarello DI, Pardo F, Leiva A. Insulin Is a Key Modulator of Fetoplacental Endothelium Metabolic Disturbances in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2016; 7:119. [PMID: 27065887 PMCID: PMC4815008 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of the mother that associates with altered fetoplacental vascular function. GDM-associated maternal hyperglycaemia result in fetal hyperglycaemia, a condition that leads to fetal hyperinsulinemia and altered L-arginine transport and synthesis of nitric oxide, i.e., endothelial dysfunction. These alterations in the fetoplacental endothelial function are present in women with GDM that were under diet or insulin therapy. Since these women and their newborn show normal glycaemia at term, other factors or conditions could be altered and/or not resolved by restoring normal level of circulating D-glucose. GDM associates with metabolic disturbances, such as abnormal handling of the locally released vasodilator adenosine, and biosynthesis and metabolism of cholesterol lipoproteins, or metabolic diseases resulting in endoplasmic reticulum stress and altered angiogenesis. Insulin acts as a potent modulator of all these phenomena under normal conditions as reported in primary cultures of cells obtained from the human placenta; however, GDM and the role of insulin regarding these alterations in this disease are poorly understood. This review focuses on the potential link between insulin and endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypercholesterolemia, and angiogenesis in GDM in the human fetoplacental vasculature. Based in reports in primary culture placental endothelium we propose that insulin is a factor restoring endothelial function in GDM by reversing ERS, hypercholesterolaemia and angiogenesis to a physiological state involving insulin activation of insulin receptor isoforms and adenosine receptors and metabolism in the human placenta from GDM pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of QueenslandHerston, QLD, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de SevillaSeville, Spain
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de SevillaSeville, Spain
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Barros
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pizarro
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Villalobos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Araos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío Chillán, Chile
| | - Marcelo González
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de ConcepciónConcepción, Chile; Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health)Chillán, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San SebastiánSantiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Delia I Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Armella A, Toledo F, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Insulin requires A1 adenosine receptors expression to reverse gestational diabetes-increased L-arginine transport in human umbilical vein endothelium. Purinergic Signal 2015; 12:175-90. [PMID: 26710791 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) associates with increased L-arginine transport and extracellular concentration of adenosine in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study we aim to determine whether insulin reverses GDM-increased L-arginine transport requiring adenosine receptors expression in HUVECs. Primary cultured HUVECs from full-term normal (n = 38) and diet-treated GDM (n = 38) pregnancies were used. Insulin effect was assayed on human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCAT1) expression (protein, mRNA, SLC7A1 promoter activity) and activity (initial rates of L-arginine transport) in the absence or presence of adenosine receptors agonists or antagonists. A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR) and A2AAR expression (Western blot, quantitative PCR) was determined. Experiments were done in cells expressing or siRNA-suppressed expression of A1AR or A2AAR. HUVECs from GDM exhibit higher maximal transport capacity (maximal velocity (V max)/apparent Michaelis Menten constant (K m), V max/K m), which is blocked by insulin by reducing the V max to values in cells from normal pregnancies. Insulin also reversed the GDM-associated increase in hCAT-1 protein abundance and mRNA expression, and SLC7A1 promoter activity for the fragment -606 bp from the transcription start point. Insulin effects required A1AR, but not A2AAR expression and activity in this cell type. In the absence of insulin, GDM-increased hCAT-1 expression and activity required A2AAR expression and activity. HUVECs from GDM pregnancies exhibit a differential requirement of A1AR or A2AAR depending on the level of insulin, a phenomenon that represent a condition where adenosine or analogues of this nucleoside could be acting as helpers of insulin biological effects in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, 8330024, Chile.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, 4080871, Chile
| | - Axel Armella
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, 4080871, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, 3780000, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, 8330024, Chile. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, E-41012, Spain. .,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.
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Nitric Oxide: A Regulator of Cellular Function in Health and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:9782346. [PMID: 26798429 PMCID: PMC4699049 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9782346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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González M, Rojas S, Avila P, Cabrera L, Villalobos R, Palma C, Aguayo C, Peña E, Gallardo V, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Sáez T, Salsoso R, Sanhueza C, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Insulin reverses D-glucose-increased nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122398. [PMID: 25875935 PMCID: PMC4397070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular tone is controlled by the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway, and NO bioavailability is strongly affected by hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress. Insulin leads to high expression and activity of human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCAT-1), NO synthesis and vasodilation; thus, a protective role of insulin on high D-glucose-alterations in endothelial function is likely. Vascular reactivity to U46619 (thromboxane A2 mimetic) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) was measured in KCl preconstricted human umbilical vein rings (wire myography) incubated in normal (5 mmol/L) or high (25 mmol/L) D-glucose. hCAT-1, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), 42 and 44 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinases (p42/44mapk), protein kinase B/Akt (Akt) expression and activity were determined by western blotting and qRT-PCR, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) level was determined by HPLC, and L-arginine transport (0-1000 μmol/L) was measured in response to 5-25 mmol/L D-glucose (0-36 hours) in passage 2 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Assays were in the absence or presence of insulin and/or apocynin (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase [NADPH oxidase] inhibitor), tempol or Mn(III)TMPyP (SOD mimetics). High D-glucose increased hCAT-1 expression and activity, which was biphasic (peaks: 6 and 24 hours of incubation). High D-glucose-increased maximal transport velocity was blocked by insulin and correlated with lower hCAT-1 expression and SLC7A1 gene promoter activity. High D-glucose-increased transport parallels higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide anion (O2•-) generation, and increased U46619-contraction and reduced CGRP-dilation of vein rings. Insulin and apocynin attenuate ROS and O2•- generation, and restored vascular reactivity to U46619 and CGRP. Insulin, but not apocynin or tempol reversed high D-glucose-increased NO synthesis; however, tempol and Mn(III)TMPyP reversed the high D-glucose-reduced BH4 level. Insulin and tempol blocked the high D-glucose-increased p42/44mapk phosphorylation. Vascular dysfunction caused by high D-glucose is likely attenuated by insulin through the L-arginine/NO and O2•-/NADPH oxidase pathways. These findings are of interest for better understanding vascular dysfunction in states of foetal insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo González
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), PO-Box 114-D, Chillán 3800708, Chile
| | - Susana Rojas
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Pía Avila
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Lissette Cabrera
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370076, Chile
| | - Roberto Villalobos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Carlos Palma
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Claudio Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), PO-Box 114-D, Chillán 3800708, Chile
| | - Eduardo Peña
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Victoria Gallardo
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), PO-Box 114-D, Chillán 3800708, Chile
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción 4080871, Chile
| | - Tamara Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Carlos Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago 8330024, Chile
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Human supraphysiological gestational weight gain and fetoplacental vascular dysfunction. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1264-73. [PMID: 25869606 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human foetal development and growth in an environment of maternal obesity associates with high risk of cardiovascular disease and adverse neonatal outcome. We studied whether supraphysiological gestational weight gain results in human fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction and altered fetoplacental vascular reactivity. METHODS Primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and umbilical vein rings were obtained from pregnant women (112 total of patients recruited, 7 patients dropped out) exhibiting prepregnancy normal weight that ended with a physiological (pGWG (n=67), total weight gain 11.5-16 kg, rates of weight gain ≤0.42 kg per week) or supraphysiological (spGWG (n=38), total weight gain >16 kg, rates of weight gain >0.42 kg per week) gestational weight gain (reference values from US Institute of Medicine guidelines). Vascular reactivity to insulin (0.1-1000 nmol l(-1), 5 min) in KCl-preconstricted vein rings was measured using a wire myograph. Protein levels of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), total and Ser(1177)- or Thr(495)-phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were detected by western blot or immunofluorescence, and adenosine transport (0-250 μmol l(-1) adenosine, 2 μCi ml(-1) [(3)H]adenosine, 20 s, 25 °C) was measured in the presence or absence of 1 μmol l(-1) nitrobenzylthioinosine (hENT1 inhibitor) or 10 μmol l(-1) chlorpromazine (CPZ, endocytosis inhibitor) in HUVECs. RESULTS spGWG associates with reduced NOS activity-dependent dilation of vein rings (P=0.001), lower eNOS expression and higher Thr(495) (P=0.044), but unaltered Ser(1177)eNOS phosphorylation. hENT1-adenosine maximal transport activity was reduced (P=0.041), but the expression was increased (P=0.001) in HUVECs from this group. CPZ increased hENT1-adenosine transport (P=0.040) and hENT1 plasma membrane accumulation only in cells from pGWG. CONCLUSION spGWG in women with a normal prepregnancy weight causes lower fetoplacental vascular reactivity owing to the downregulation of eNOS activity and adenosine transport in HUVECs. Maternal spGWG is a detrimental condition for human fetoplacental endothelial function and reducing these alterations could result in a better neonate outcome.
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Insulin restores l-arginine transport requiring adenosine receptors activation in umbilical vein endothelium from late-onset preeclampsia. Placenta 2015; 36:287-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sobrevia L, Salsoso R, Sáez T, Sanhueza C, Pardo F, Leiva A. Insulin therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:231-8. [PMID: 25581778 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.082743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review focuses on the effects of insulin therapy on fetoplacental vasculature in gestational diabetes mellitus and the potentiating effects of adenosine on this therapy. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights recent studies exploring a potential functional link between insulin receptors and their dependence on adenosine receptor activation (insulin-adenosine axis) to restore placental endothelial function in gestational diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease that occurs during pregnancy and is associated with maternal and fetal hyperglycaemia. Women with GDM are treated via diet to control their glycaemia; however, a proportion of these patients do not achieve the recommended values of glycaemia and are subjected to insulin therapy until delivery. Even if a diet-treated GDM pregnancy leads to normal maternal and newborn glucose levels, fetoplacental vascular dysfunction remains evident. Thus, control of glycaemia via diet does not prevent GDM-associated fetoplacental vascular and metabolic alterations. We review the available information regarding insulin therapy in the context of its potential consequences for fetoplacental vascular function in GDM. We propose the possibility that insulin therapy to produce normoglycaemia in the mother and newborn may require additional therapeutic measures to restore the normal metabolic condition of the vascular network in GDM. A role for A1 and A2A adenosine receptors and insulin receptors A and B as well as a potential functional link in the cell signalling associated with the activation of these receptors is proposed. This possibility could be helpful for the planning of strategies, including adenosine receptor-improved insulin therapy, for the treatment of GDM patients, thereby promoting the wellbeing of the growing fetus, newborn and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Diseases of pregnancy and fetal programming: cell and molecular mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:937050. [PMID: 25431769 PMCID: PMC4241736 DOI: 10.1155/2014/937050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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