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Hernández-Sámano AC, Falcón A, Zamudio F, Michel-Morfín JE, Landa-Jaime V, López-Vera E, Jeziorski MC, Aguilar MB. A short framework-III (mini-M-2) conotoxin from the venom of a vermivorous species, Conus archon, inhibits human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Peptides 2022; 153:170785. [PMID: 35307452 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The venoms of Conus snails contain neuroactive peptides named conotoxins (CTXs). Some CTXs are nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) antagonists. nAChRs modulate the release of neurotransmitters and are implicated in several pathophysiologies. One venom peptide from Conus archon, a vermivorous species from the Mexican Pacific, was purified by RP-HPLC and its activity on human α7, α3β2, and α7β2 nAChRs was assessed by the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. At 36.3 µM the purified peptide (F27-1, renamed tentatively ArchIIIA) slowly reversibly inhibited the ACh-induced response of the hα7 subtype by 44.52 ± 5.83%, while it had low or no significant effect on the response of the hα3β2 and hα7β2 subtypes; the EC50 of the inhibiting effect was 45.7 µM on the hα7 subtype. This peptide has 15 amino acid residues and a monoisotopic mass of 1654.6 Da (CCSALCSRYHCLPCC), with three disulfide bridges and a free C-terminus. This sequence with a CC-C-C-CC arrangement (framework III) belongs to the M superfamily of conotoxins, corresponding to the mini-M´s (M-1-M-3) conotoxins; due to its size and inter-Cys spacings it is an M-2 conotoxin. This toxin is a novel mini-M conotoxin affecting ligand-gated ion channels, like the maxi-M CTX ψ-conotoxins and α-MIIIJ conotoxin (nAChRs blockers). This peptide seems to be homologous to the reg3b conotoxin (from Conus regius) with an identity of 93.3%, differing only in the third residue in the sequence, serine for threonine, both uncharged polar residues. We obtained, in silico, a probable 3D structure, which is consistent with its effect on neuronal subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisaí C Hernández-Sámano
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Marina, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Andrés Falcón
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Marina, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Fernando Zamudio
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor Landa-Jaime
- Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCSUR, Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, San Patricio-Melaque, Jalisco 48980, Mexico
| | - Estuardo López-Vera
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Laboratorio de Toxinología Marina, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Michael C Jeziorski
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Unidad de Proteogenómica, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Manuel B Aguilar
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Marina, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
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Bjørn-Yoshimoto WE, Ramiro IBL, Yandell M, McIntosh JM, Olivera BM, Ellgaard L, Safavi-Hemami H. Curses or Cures: A Review of the Numerous Benefits Versus the Biosecurity Concerns of Conotoxin Research. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E235. [PMID: 32708023 PMCID: PMC7460000 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conotoxins form a diverse group of peptide toxins found in the venom of predatory marine cone snails. Decades of conotoxin research have provided numerous measurable scientific and societal benefits. These include their use as a drug, diagnostic agent, drug leads, and research tools in neuroscience, pharmacology, biochemistry, structural biology, and molecular evolution. Human envenomations by cone snails are rare but can be fatal. Death by envenomation is likely caused by a small set of toxins that induce muscle paralysis of the diaphragm, resulting in respiratory arrest. The potency of these toxins led to concerns regarding the potential development and use of conotoxins as biological weapons. To address this, various regulatory measures have been introduced that limit the use and access of conotoxins within the research community. Some of these regulations apply to all of the ≈200,000 conotoxins predicted to exist in nature of which less than 0.05% are estimated to have any significant toxicity in humans. In this review we provide an overview of the many benefits of conotoxin research, and contrast these to the perceived biosecurity concerns of conotoxins and research thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walden E. Bjørn-Yoshimoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (W.E.B.-Y.); (I.B.L.R.)
| | - Iris Bea L. Ramiro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (W.E.B.-Y.); (I.B.L.R.)
| | - Mark Yandell
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - J. Michael McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.M.M.); (B.M.O.)
- George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Baldomero M. Olivera
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.M.M.); (B.M.O.)
| | - Lars Ellgaard
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;
| | - Helena Safavi-Hemami
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (W.E.B.-Y.); (I.B.L.R.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.M.M.); (B.M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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3
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Fu Y, Li C, Dong S, Wu Y, Zhangsun D, Luo S. Discovery Methodology of Novel Conotoxins from Conus Species. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110417. [PMID: 30380764 PMCID: PMC6266589 DOI: 10.3390/md16110417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cone snail venoms provide an ideal resource for neuropharmacological tools and drug candidates discovery, which have become a research hotspot in neuroscience and new drug development. More than 1,000,000 natural peptides are produced by cone snails, but less than 0.1% of the estimated conotoxins has been characterized to date. Hence, the discovery of novel conotoxins from the huge conotoxin resources with high-throughput and sensitive methods becomes a crucial key for the conotoxin-based drug development. In this review, we introduce the discovery methodology of new conotoxins from various Conus species. It focuses on obtaining full N- to C-terminal sequences, regardless of disulfide bond connectivity through crude venom purification, conotoxin precusor gene cloning, venom duct transcriptomics, venom proteomics and multi-omic methods. The protocols, advantages, disadvantages, and developments of different approaches during the last decade are summarized and the promising prospects are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Sulan Luo
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Yu S, Wu Y, Xu P, Wang S, Zhangsun D, Luo S. Effects of serum, enzyme, thiol, and forced degradation on the stabilities of αO-Conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2] and GeXIVA [1,4]. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 91:1030-1041. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shurun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education; Hainan University; Haikou China
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou; Hainan University; Haikou China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry; Hainan University; Haikou China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education; Hainan University; Haikou China
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou; Hainan University; Haikou China
| | - Pan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education; Hainan University; Haikou China
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou; Hainan University; Haikou China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry; Hainan University; Haikou China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education; Hainan University; Haikou China
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou; Hainan University; Haikou China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry; Hainan University; Haikou China
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education; Hainan University; Haikou China
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou; Hainan University; Haikou China
| | - Sulan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education; Hainan University; Haikou China
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou; Hainan University; Haikou China
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Hoggard MF, Rodriguez AM, Cano H, Clark E, Tae HS, Adams DJ, Godenschwege TA, Marí F. In vivo and in vitro testing of native α-conotoxins from the injected venom of Conus purpurascens. Neuropharmacology 2017; 127:253-259. [PMID: 28917942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
α-Conotoxins inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and are used as probes to study cholinergic pathways in vertebrates. Model organisms, such as Drosophila melanogaster, express nAChRs in their CNS that are suitable to investigate the neuropharmacology of α-conotoxins in vivo. Here we report the paired nanoinjection of native α-conotoxin PIA and two novel α-conotoxins, PIC and PIC[O7], from the injected venom of Conus purpurascens and electrophysiological recordings of their effects on the giant fiber system (GFS) of D. melanogaster and heterologously expressed nAChRs in Xenopus oocytes. α-PIA caused disruption of the function of giant fiber dorsal longitudinal muscle (GF-DLM) pathway by inhibiting the Dα7 nAChR a homolog to the vertebrate α7 nAChR, whereas PIC and PIC[O7] did not. PIC and PIC[O7] reversibly inhibited ACh-evoked currents mediated by vertebrate rodent (r)α1β1δγ, rα1β1δε and human (h)α3β2, but not hα7 nAChR subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes with the following selectivity: rα1β1δε > rα1β1δγ ≈ hα3β2 >> hα7. Our study emphasizes the importance of loop size and α-conotoxin sequence specificity for receptor binding. These studies can be used for the evaluation of the neuropharmacology of novel α-conotoxins that can be utilized as molecular probes for diseases such as, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cancer. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Venom-derived Peptides as Pharmacological Tools.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickelene F Hoggard
- Marine Biochemical Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA
| | - Alena M Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA
| | - Herminsul Cano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA
| | - Evan Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA
| | - Han-Shen Tae
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Tanja A Godenschwege
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA
| | - Frank Marí
- Marine Biochemical Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA.
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6
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Dutertre S, Nicke A, Tsetlin VI. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor inhibitors derived from snake and snail venoms. Neuropharmacology 2017. [PMID: 28623170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) represents the prototype of ligand-gated ion channels. It is vital for neuromuscular transmission and an important regulator of neurotransmission. A variety of toxic compounds derived from diverse species target this receptor and have been of elemental importance in basic and applied research. They enabled milestone discoveries in pharmacology and biochemistry ranging from the original formulation of the receptor concept, the first isolation and structural analysis of a receptor protein (the nAChR) to the identification, localization, and differentiation of its diverse subtypes and their validation as a target for therapeutic intervention. Among the venom-derived compounds, α-neurotoxins and α-conotoxins provide the largest families and still represent indispensable pharmacological tools. Application of modified α-neurotoxins provided substantial structural and functional details of the nAChR long before high resolution structures were available. α-bungarotoxin represents not only a standard pharmacological tool and label in nAChR research but also for unrelated proteins tagged with a minimal α-bungarotoxin binding motif. A major advantage of α-conotoxins is their smaller size, as well as superior selectivity for diverse nAChR subtypes that allows their development into ligands with optimized pharmacological and chemical properties and potentially novel drugs. In the following, these two groups of nAChR antagonists will be described focusing on their respective roles in the structural and functional characterization of nAChRs and their development into research tools. In addition, we provide a comparative overview of the diverse α-conotoxin selectivities that can serve as a practical guide for both structure activity studies and subtype classification. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Venom-derived Peptides as Pharmacological Tools.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Dutertre
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier - CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nußbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Victor I Tsetlin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str.16/10, Moscow 117999, Russian Federation
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Akcan M, Clark RJ, Daly NL, Conibear AC, de Faoite A, Heghinian MD, Sahil T, Adams DJ, Marí F, Craik DJ. Transforming conotoxins into cyclotides: Backbone cyclization of P-superfamily conotoxins. Biopolymers 2015; 104:682-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muharrem Akcan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Richard J. Clark
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Norelle L. Daly
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Anne C. Conibear
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Andrew de Faoite
- Health Innovations Research Institute; RMIT University; Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Mari D. Heghinian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida Atlantic University; FL 33431 USA
| | - Talwar Sahil
- Queensland Brain Institute; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - David J. Adams
- Health Innovations Research Institute; RMIT University; Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Frank Marí
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida Atlantic University; FL 33431 USA
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
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Shawki A, Anthony SR, Nose Y, Engevik MA, Niespodzany EJ, Barrientos T, Öhrvik H, Worrell RT, Thiele DJ, Mackenzie B. Intestinal DMT1 is critical for iron absorption in the mouse but is not required for the absorption of copper or manganese. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G635-47. [PMID: 26294671 PMCID: PMC4609933 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00160.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) is a widely expressed iron-preferring membrane-transport protein that serves a critical role in erythroid iron utilization. We have investigated its role in intestinal metal absorption by studying a mouse model lacking intestinal DMT1 (i.e., DMT1(int/int)). DMT1(int/int) mice exhibited a profound hypochromic-microcytic anemia, splenomegaly, and cardiomegaly. That the anemia was due to iron deficiency was demonstrated by the following observations in DMT1(int/int) mice: 1) blood iron and tissue nonheme-iron stores were depleted; 2) mRNA expression of liver hepcidin (Hamp1) was depressed; and 3) intraperitoneal iron injection corrected the anemia, and reversed the changes in blood iron, nonheme-iron stores, and hepcidin expression levels. We observed decreased total iron content in multiple tissues from DMT1(int/int) mice compared with DMT1(+/+) mice but no meaningful change in copper, manganese, or zinc. DMT1(int/int) mice absorbed (64)Cu and (54)Mn from an intragastric dose to the same extent as did DMT1(+/+) mice but the absorption of (59)Fe was virtually abolished in DMT1(int/int) mice. This study reveals a critical function for DMT1 in intestinal nonheme-iron absorption for normal growth and development. Further, this work demonstrates that intestinal DMT1 is not required for the intestinal transport of copper, manganese, or zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- 1Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; ,2Systems Biology & Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Sarah R. Anthony
- 1Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Yasuhiro Nose
- 3Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;
| | - Melinda A. Engevik
- 1Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; ,2Systems Biology & Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Eric J. Niespodzany
- 1Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Tomasa Barrientos
- 3Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;
| | - Helena Öhrvik
- 3Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; ,4Department of Medical Biochemistry & Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Roger T. Worrell
- 1Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; ,2Systems Biology & Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Dennis J. Thiele
- 3Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; ,5Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Systems Biology & Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
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