1
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Canale V, Spalinger MR, Alvarez R, Sayoc-Becerra A, Sanati G, Manz S, Chatterjee P, Santos AN, Lei H, Jahng S, Chu T, Shawki A, Hanson E, Eckmann L, Ouellette AJ, McCole DF. PTPN2 is a Critical Regulator of Ileal Paneth Cell Viability and Function in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:39-62. [PMID: 37030630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Loss-of-function variants in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) gene are associated with increased risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). We recently showed that Ptpn2 is critical for intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) barrier maintenance, IEC-macrophage communication, and modulation of the gut microbiome in mice restricting expansion of a small intestinal pathobiont associated with IBD. Here, we aimed to identify how Ptpn2-loss affects ileal IEC subtypes and their function in vivo. METHODS Constitutive Ptpn2-wild-type (WT), heterozygous (HET) and knockout (KO) mice, as well as mice with inducible deletion of Ptpn2 in IECs, were used in the study. Investigation was performed using imaging techniques, flow cytometry, enteroid culture, and analysis of gene and protein levels of IEC markers. RESULTS Partial transcriptome analysis revealed that Paneth cell-associated antimicrobial peptides (AMP) Lyz1, Pla2g2a and Defa6 expression, were markedly downregulated in Ptpn2-KO mice compared with WT and HET. In parallel, Paneth cell numbers were reduced, their endoplasmic reticulum (ER) architecture was disrupted, and the ER stress protein, CHOP, was increased in Ptpn2-KO mice. Despite reduced Paneth cell number, flow cytometry showed increased expression of the Paneth cell-stimulatory cytokines IL-22 and IFN-γ+ in CD4+ T-cells isolated from Ptpn2-KO ileum. Key findings in constitutive Ptpn2-KO mice were confirmed in epithelium-specific Ptpn2ΔIEC mice, which also showed impaired lysozyme protein levels in Paneth cells compared to Ptpn2fl/fl control mice. CONCLUSION Constitutive Ptpn2-deficiency affects Paneth cell viability and compromises Paneth cell-specific AMP production. The observed effects may contribute to the increased susceptibility to intestinal infection and dysbiosis in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA;; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA;; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília - DF - 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA;; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rocio Alvarez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Golshid Sanati
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Salomon Manz
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA;; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA;; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Hillmin Lei
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Sharon Jahng
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Timothy Chu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Elaine Hanson
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - André J Ouellette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA;.
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Spalinger MR, Canale V, Becerra A, Shawki A, Crawford M, Santos AN, Chatterjee P, Li J, Nair MG, McCole DF. PTPN2 regulates bacterial clearance in a mouse model of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection. JCI Insight 2023; 8:156909. [PMID: 36810248 PMCID: PMC9977497 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages intimately interact with intestinal epithelial cells, but the consequences of defective macrophage-epithelial cell interactions for protection against enteric pathogens are poorly understood. Here, we show that in mice with a deletion in protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) in macrophages, infection with Citrobacter rodentium, a model of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection in humans, promoted a strong type 1/IL-22-driven immune response, culminating in accelerated disease but also faster clearance of the pathogen. In contrast, deletion of PTPN2 specifically in epithelial cells rendered the epithelium unable to upregulate antimicrobial peptides and consequently resulted in a failure to eliminate the infection. The ability of PTPN2-deficient macrophages to induce faster recovery from C. rodentium was dependent on macrophage-intrinsic IL-22 production, which was highly increased in macrophages deficient in PTPN2. Our findings demonstrate the importance of macrophage-mediated factors, and especially macrophage-derived IL-22, for the induction of protective immune responses in the intestinal epithelium, and show that normal PTPN2 expression in the epithelium is crucial to allow for protection against enterohemorrhagic E. coli and other intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.,Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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3
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Deol P, Ruegger P, Logan GD, Shawki A, Li J, Mitchell JD, Yu J, Piamthai V, Radi SH, Hasnain S, Borkowski K, Newman JW, McCole DF, Nair MG, Hsiao A, Borneman J, Sladek FM. Diet high in linoleic acid dysregulates the intestinal endocannabinoid system and increases susceptibility to colitis in Mice. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2229945. [PMID: 37400966 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2229945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease with increasing incidence in the U.S. suggesting that environmental factors, including diet, are involved. It has been suggested that excessive consumption of linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 omega-6), which must be obtained from the diet, may promote the development of IBD in humans. To demonstrate a causal link between LA and IBD, we show that a high fat diet (HFD) based on soybean oil (SO), which is comprised of ~55% LA, increases susceptibility to colitis in several models, including IBD-susceptible IL10 knockout mice. This effect was not observed with low-LA HFDs derived from genetically modified soybean oil or olive oil. The conventional SO HFD causes classical IBD symptoms including immune dysfunction, increased intestinal epithelial barrier permeability, and disruption of the balance of isoforms from the IBD susceptibility gene Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α). The SO HFD causes gut dysbiosis, including increased abundance of an endogenous adherent invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which can use LA as a carbon source. Metabolomic analysis shows that in the mouse gut, even in the absence of bacteria, the presence of soybean oil increases levels of LA, oxylipins and prostaglandins. Many compounds in the endocannabinoid system, which are protective against IBD, are decreased by SO both in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that a high LA diet increases susceptibility to colitis via microbial and host-initiated pathways involving alterations in the balance of bioactive metabolites of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as HNF4α isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Paul Ruegger
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Logan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Varadh Piamthai
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sarah H Radi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sana Hasnain
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome and Biological Sciences Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome and Biological Sciences Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ansel Hsiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - James Borneman
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Frances M Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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4
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Azucenas CR, Bonamer JP, Stone SL, Ruwe TAA, Shawki A, Mackenzie B. Ablation of Na
+
/H
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exchanger‐3 prevents tissue iron loading in the Hfe mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - T Alex A. Ruwe
- University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Ali Shawki
- University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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Chatterjee P, Spalinger M, Shawki A, Santos A, Gries C, Sayoc A, Canale V, Crawford M, Lei H, Borneman J, McCole D. Intestinal Epithelial PTPN2 Restricts Adherent‐Invasive
E. coli
Colonization and Promotes Anti‐Microbial Peptide Responses in Mice. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Lei H, Shawki A, Spalinger MR, Canale V, Santos AN, Chatterjee P, Crawford MS, Manz S, Becerra A, Scharl M, McCole DF. Loss of PTPN2 Activity Alters Iron Handling Protein Expression in IBD Patients and Causes Iron Deficiency in Mice. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hillmin Lei
- Division of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaMoreno ValleyCA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA
| | | | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA
| | - Alina N. Santos
- Division of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA
| | | | | | - Salomon Manz
- Division of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA
| | - Anica Becerra
- Division of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZürich
| | - Declan F. McCole
- Division of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA
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7
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Spalinger MR, Shawki A, Chatterjee P, Canale V, Santos A, Sayoc-Becerra A, Scharl M, Tremblay ML, Borneman J, McCole DF. Autoimmune susceptibility gene PTPN2 is required for clearance of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli by integrating bacterial uptake and lysosomal defence. Gut 2022; 71:89-99. [PMID: 33563644 PMCID: PMC8666829 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in the intestinal microbiota are linked with a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), where pathobionts penetrate the intestinal barrier and promote inflammatory reactions. In patients with IBD, the ability of intestinal macrophages to efficiently clear invading pathogens is compromised resulting in increased bacterial translocation and excessive immune reactions. Here, we investigated how an IBD-associated loss-of-function variant in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) gene, or loss of PTPN2 expression affected the ability of macrophages to respond to invading bacteria. DESIGN IBD patient-derived macrophages with wild-type (WT) PTPN2 or carrying the IBD-associated PTPN2 SNP, peritoneal macrophages from WT and constitutive PTPN2-knockout mice, as well as mice specifically lacking PTPN2 in macrophages were infected with non-invasive K12 Escherichia coli, the human adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) LF82, or a novel mouse AIEC (mAIEC) strain. RESULTS Loss of PTPN2 severely compromises the ability of macrophages to clear invading bacteria. Specifically, loss of functional PTPN2 promoted pathobiont invasion/uptake into macrophages and intracellular survival/proliferation by three distinct mechanisms: Increased bacterial uptake was mediated by enhanced expression of carcinoembryonic antigen cellular adhesion molecule (CEACAM)1 and CEACAM6 in PTPN2-deficient cells, while reduced bacterial clearance resulted from defects in autophagy coupled with compromised lysosomal acidification. In vivo, mice lacking PTPN2 in macrophages were more susceptible to mAIEC infection and mAIEC-induced disease. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a tripartite regulatory mechanism by which PTPN2 preserves macrophage antibacterial function, thus crucially contributing to host defence against invading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Rebecca Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alina Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Borneman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
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8
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Marchelletta RR, Krishnan M, Spalinger MR, Placone TW, Alvarez R, Sayoc-Becerra A, Canale V, Shawki A, Park YS, Bernts LH, Myers S, Tremblay ML, Barrett KE, Krystofiak E, Kachar B, McGovern DP, Weber CR, Hanson EM, Eckmann L, McCole DF. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase protects intestinal barrier function by restricting epithelial tight junction remodeling. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:138230. [PMID: 34623320 DOI: 10.1172/jci138230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies revealed that loss-of-function mutations in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) increase the risk of developing chronic immune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease. These conditions are associated with increased intestinal permeability as an early etiological event. The aim of this study was to examine the consequences of deficient activity of the PTPN2 gene product, T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), on intestinal barrier function and tight junction organization in vivo and in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that TCPTP protected against intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by the inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ by 2 mechanisms: it maintained localization of zonula occludens 1 and occludin at apical tight junctions and restricted both expression and insertion of the cation pore-forming transmembrane protein, claudin-2, at tight junctions through upregulation of the inhibitory cysteine protease, matriptase. We also confirmed that the loss-of-function PTPN2 rs1893217 SNP was associated with increased intestinal claudin-2 expression in patients with IBD. Moreover, elevated claudin-2 levels and paracellular electrolyte flux in TCPTP-deficient intestinal epithelial cells were normalized by recombinant matriptase. Our findings uncover distinct and critical roles for epithelial TCPTP in preserving intestinal barrier integrity, thereby proposing a mechanism by which PTPN2 mutations contribute to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Marchelletta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Moorthy Krishnan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Taylaur W Placone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rocio Alvarez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Young Su Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lucas Hp Bernts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephen Myers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kim E Barrett
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bechara Kachar
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dermot Pb McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Elaine M Hanson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Chatterjee P, Spalinger M, Shawki A, Gries C, Sayoc A, Santos A, Canale V, Crawford M, Lei H, Borneman J, McCole D. Loss of PTPN2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Increases Invasion of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Intestinal Permeability in Mice by Adherent‐invasive
E. coli. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Chatterjee
- Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of California, RiversideRiversideCA
| | | | - Ali Shawki
- University of California, RiversideRiversideCA
| | - Casey Gries
- University of California, RiversideRiversideCA
| | - Anica Sayoc
- University of California, RiversideRiversideCA
| | | | | | | | - Hillmin Lei
- University of California, RiversideRiversideCA
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10
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Shawki A, Ramirez R, Spalinger MR, Ruegger PM, Sayoc-Becerra A, Santos AN, Chatterjee P, Canale V, Mitchell JD, Macbeth JC, Gries CM, Tremblay ML, Hsiao A, Borneman J, McCole DF. The autoimmune susceptibility gene, PTPN2, restricts expansion of a novel mouse adherent-invasive E. coli. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1547-1566. [PMID: 32586195 PMCID: PMC7524159 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1775538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis involves significant contributions from genetic and environmental factors. Loss-of-function single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) gene increase IBD risk and are associated with altered microbiome population dynamics in IBD. Expansion of intestinal pathobionts, such as adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), is strongly implicated in IBD pathogenesis as AIEC increases pro-inflammatory cytokine production and alters tight junction protein regulation - suggesting a potential mechanism of pathogen-induced barrier dysfunction and inflammation. We aimed to determine if PTPN2 deficiency alters intestinal microbiome composition to promote expansion of specific bacteria with pathogenic properties. In mice constitutively lacking Ptpn2, we identified increased abundance of a novel mouse AIEC (mAIEC) that showed similar adherence and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, but greater survival in macrophages, to the IBD-associated AIEC, LF82. Furthermore, mAIEC caused disease when administered to mice lacking segmented-filamentous bacteria (SFB), and in germ-free mice but only when reconstituted with a microbiome, thus supporting its classification as a pathobiont, not a pathogen. Moreover, mAIEC infection increased the severity of, and prevented recovery from, induced colitis. Although mAIEC genome sequence analysis showed >90% similarity to LF82, mAIEC contained putative virulence genes with >50% difference in gene/protein identities from LF82 indicating potentially distinct genetic features of mAIEC. We show for the first time that an IBD susceptibility gene, PTPN2, modulates the gut microbiome to protect against a novel pathobiont. This study generates new insights into gene-environment-microbiome interactions in IBD and identifies a new model to study AIEC-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Rocio Ramirez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Marianne R. Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Paul M. Ruegger
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alina N. Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - John C. Macbeth
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Casey M. Gries
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Ansel Hsiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - James Borneman
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Declan F. McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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11
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Spalinger MR, Sayoc-Becerra A, Santos AN, Shawki A, Canale V, Krishnan M, Niechcial A, Obialo N, Scharl M, Li J, Nair MG, McCole DF. PTPN2 Regulates Interactions Between Macrophages and Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Promote Intestinal Barrier Function. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1763-1777.e14. [PMID: 32652144 PMCID: PMC7680443 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mechanisms by which macrophages regulate intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) barrier properties are poorly understood. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) protects the IEC barrier from inflammation-induced disruption and regulates macrophage functions. We investigated whether PTPN2 controls interactions between IECs and macrophages to maintain intestinal barrier function. METHODS Human IEC (Caco-2BBe/HT-29.cl19a cells) and mouse enteroid monolayers were cocultured with human macrophages (THP-1, U937, primary monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]) or mouse macrophages, respectively. We assessed barrier function (transepithelial electrical resistance [TEER] and permeability to 4-kDa fluorescently labeled dextran or 70-kDa rhodamine B-dextran) and macrophage polarization. We analyzed intestinal tissues from mice with myeloid cell-specific deletion of PTPN2 (Ptpn2-LysMCre mice) and mice without disruption of Ptpn2 (controls); some mice were given injections of a neutralizing antibody against interleukin (IL) 6. Proteins were knocked down in macrophages and/or IECs with small hairpin RNAs. RESULTS Knockdown of PTPN2 in either macrophages and/or IECs increased the permeability of IEC monolayers, had a synergistic effect when knocked down from both cell types, and increased the development of inflammatory macrophages in macrophage-IEC cocultures. Colon lamina propria from Ptpn2-LysMCre mice had significant increases in inflammatory macrophages; these mice had increased in vivo and ex vivo colon permeability to 4-kDa fluorescently labeled dextran and reduced ex vivo colon TEER. Nanostring analysis showed significant increases in the expression of IL6 in colon macrophages from Ptpn2-LysMCre mice. An IL6-blocking antibody reversed the effects of PTPN2-deficient macrophages, reducing the permeability of IEC monolayers in culture and in Ptpn2-LysMCre mice. Macrophages from patients with IBD carrying a single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with the disease (PTPN2 rs1893217) had the same features of PTPN2-deficient macrophages from mice, including reduced TEER and increased permeability in cocultures with human IEC or mouse enteroid monolayers, which were restored by anti-IL6. CONCLUSIONS PTPN2 is required for interactions between macrophages and IECs; loss of PTPN2 from either cell type results in intestinal barrier defects, and loss from both cell types has a synergistic effect. We provide a mechanism by which the PTPN2 gene variants compromise intestinal epithelial barrier function and increase the risk of inflammatory disorders such as IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Moorthy Krishnan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Anna Niechcial
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Obialo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California.
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12
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Azucenas CR, Shawki A, Logeman BL, Niespodzany EJ, Dunham JL, Ruwe TA, Thiele DJ, Mackenzie B. Iron and copper transport activities of the mammalian metal‐ion transporters DMT1 and CTR1. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Shawki
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
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13
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Chatterjee P, Spalinger M, Gries C, Shawki A, Borneman J, McCole D. The IBD candidate gene,
PTPN2
, Restricts Epithelial and Macrophage Invasion of a Novel Reporter Adherent‐Invasive
Escherichia coli. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Spalinger MR, Sayoc A, Santos AN, Shawki A, Krishnan M, Li J, Scharl M, Hanson E, Eckmann L, Nair MG, McCole DF. PTPN2 Dysfunction Exacerbates
C. rodentium
Infection and Prevents Bacterial Clearance in a Cell‐Type Specific Manner. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anica Sayoc
- Division of Biomedical Research University of California Riverside
| | - Alina N. Santos
- Division of Biomedical Research University of California Riverside
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Research University of California Riverside
| | - Moorthy Krishnan
- Division of Biomedical Research University of California Riverside
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Research University of California Riverside
| | - M Scharl
- University Hospital Zurich Switzerland
| | - E Hanson
- University of California San Diego
| | | | - Meera G. Nair
- Division of Biomedical Research University of California Riverside
| | - Declan F. McCole
- Division of Biomedical Research University of California Riverside
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15
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Shawki A, Spalinger MR, Santos AN, Canale V, Sayoc-Becerra A, Mitchell J, Macbeth J, Ruegger PM, Borneman J, Hsiao A, McCole DF. A Novel IBD‐Associated Mouse Pathobiont
E. coli
Causes Disease and Prevents Recovery from Colitis. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Canale V, Spalinger M, Sayoc A, Alvarez R, Shawki A, McCole D. T‐cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase is a Key Regulator of Paneth Cell Function. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Stone SL, Bonamer JP, Ruwe TA, Azucenas CR, Shawki A, Mackenzie B. Ablation of Na
+
/H
+
exchanger‐3 prevents iron loading in the Hfe mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.825.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney L Stone
- Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - John P Bonamer
- Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - T Alex Ruwe
- Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Corbin R Azucenas
- Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Ali Shawki
- Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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18
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Deshpande CN, Ruwe TA, Shawki A, Xin V, Vieth KR, Valore EV, Qiao B, Ganz T, Nemeth E, Mackenzie B, Jormakka M. Calcium is an essential cofactor for metal efflux by the ferroportin transporter family. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3075. [PMID: 30082682 PMCID: PMC6079014 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroportin (Fpn)-the only known cellular iron exporter-transports dietary and recycled iron into the blood plasma, and transfers iron across the placenta. Despite its central role in iron metabolism, our molecular understanding of Fpn-mediated iron efflux remains incomplete. Here, we report that Ca2+ is required for human Fpn transport activity. Whereas iron efflux is stimulated by extracellular Ca2+ in the physiological range, Ca2+ is not transported. We determine the crystal structure of a Ca2+-bound BbFpn, a prokaryotic orthologue, and find that Ca2+ is a cofactor that facilitates a conformational change critical to the transport cycle. We also identify a substrate pocket accommodating a divalent transition metal complexed with a chelator. These findings support a model of iron export by Fpn and suggest a link between plasma calcium and iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika N Deshpande
- Structural Biology Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - T Alex Ruwe
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45267, OH, USA
- Systems Biology & Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45267, OH, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45267, OH, USA
- Systems Biology & Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45267, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Vicky Xin
- Structural Biology Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Kyle R Vieth
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45267, OH, USA
| | - Erika V Valore
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45267, OH, USA.
- Systems Biology & Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45267, OH, USA.
| | - Mika Jormakka
- Structural Biology Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.
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19
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Dunham JL, Shawki A, Ruwe TA, Vieth KR, Canonne‐Hergaux F, Mackenzie B. Role of
N
‐glycosylation in the activity of divalent metal‐ion transporter‐1. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.876.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin L. Dunham
- Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Ali Shawki
- Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - T Alex Ruwe
- Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Kyle R. Vieth
- Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | | | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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20
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Abstract
Pathobiont expansion, such as that of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), is an emerging factor associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The intestinal epithelial barrier is the first line of defense against these pathogens. Inflammation plays a critical role in altering the epithelial barrier and is a major factor involved in promoting the expansion and pathogenesis of AIEC. AIEC in turn can exacerbate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by targeting multiple elements of the barrier. One critical element of the epithelial barrier is the tight junction. Increasing evidence suggests that AIEC may selectively target protein components of tight junctions, leading to increased barrier permeability. This may represent one mechanism by which AIEC could contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. This review article discusses potential mechanisms by which AIEC can disrupt epithelial tight junction function and intestinal barrier function.
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Key Words
- AIEC, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli
- AJ, adherens junction
- AJC, apical junctional complex
- BP, bacterial peptidoglycans
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- CEACAM6, carcinoembryonic antigen–related cell-adhesion molecule
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cell
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Intestinal Permeability
- JAM-A, junctional adhesion molecule-A
- LPF, long polar fimbriae
- MLC, myosin light chain
- MLCK, myosin light chain kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NOD2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2
- PDZ, PSD95-DlgA-zonula occludens-1 homology domain
- TJ, tight junction
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Tight Junctions
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- ZO, zonula occludens
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Declan F. McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
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21
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Shawki A, Engevik MA, Kim RS, Knight PB, Baik RA, Anthony SR, Worrell RT, Shull GE, Mackenzie B. Intestinal brush-border Na+/H+ exchanger-3 drives H+-coupled iron absorption in the mouse. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G423-30. [PMID: 27390324 PMCID: PMC5076011 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00167.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1), the principal mechanism by which nonheme iron is taken up at the intestinal brush border, is energized by the H(+)-electrochemical potential gradient. The provenance of the H(+) gradient in vivo is unknown, so we have explored a role for brush-border Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) isoforms by examining iron homeostasis and intestinal iron handling in mice lacking NHE2 or NHE3. We observed modestly depleted liver iron stores in NHE2-null (NHE2(-/-)) mice stressed on a low-iron diet but no change in hematological or blood iron variables or the expression of genes associated with iron metabolism compared with wild-type mice. Ablation of NHE3 strongly depleted liver iron stores, regardless of diet. We observed decreases in blood iron variables but no overt anemia in NHE3-null (NHE3(-/-)) mice on a low-iron diet. Intestinal expression of DMT1, the apical surface ferrireductase cytochrome b reductase-1, and the basolateral iron exporter ferroportin was upregulated in NHE3(-/-) mice, and expression of liver Hamp1 (hepcidin) was suppressed compared with wild-type mice. Absorption of (59)Fe from an oral dose was substantially impaired in NHE3(-/-) compared with wild-type mice. Our data point to an important role for NHE3 in generating the H(+) gradient that drives DMT1-mediated iron uptake at the intestinal brush border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Systems Biology and Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Systems Biology and Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Robert S Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Patrick B Knight
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rusty A Baik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sarah R Anthony
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Roger T Worrell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Systems Biology and Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Gary E Shull
- Systems Biology and Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Systems Biology and Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
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22
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Shawki A, Anthony SR, Nose Y, Engevik MA, Niespodzany EJ, Barrientos T, Öhrvik H, Worrell RT, Thiele DJ, Mackenzie B. Intestinal DMT1 is critical for iron absorption in the mouse but is not required for the absorption of copper or manganese. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G635-47. [PMID: 26294671 PMCID: PMC4609933 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00160.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) is a widely expressed iron-preferring membrane-transport protein that serves a critical role in erythroid iron utilization. We have investigated its role in intestinal metal absorption by studying a mouse model lacking intestinal DMT1 (i.e., DMT1(int/int)). DMT1(int/int) mice exhibited a profound hypochromic-microcytic anemia, splenomegaly, and cardiomegaly. That the anemia was due to iron deficiency was demonstrated by the following observations in DMT1(int/int) mice: 1) blood iron and tissue nonheme-iron stores were depleted; 2) mRNA expression of liver hepcidin (Hamp1) was depressed; and 3) intraperitoneal iron injection corrected the anemia, and reversed the changes in blood iron, nonheme-iron stores, and hepcidin expression levels. We observed decreased total iron content in multiple tissues from DMT1(int/int) mice compared with DMT1(+/+) mice but no meaningful change in copper, manganese, or zinc. DMT1(int/int) mice absorbed (64)Cu and (54)Mn from an intragastric dose to the same extent as did DMT1(+/+) mice but the absorption of (59)Fe was virtually abolished in DMT1(int/int) mice. This study reveals a critical function for DMT1 in intestinal nonheme-iron absorption for normal growth and development. Further, this work demonstrates that intestinal DMT1 is not required for the intestinal transport of copper, manganese, or zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- 1Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; ,2Systems Biology & Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Sarah R. Anthony
- 1Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Yasuhiro Nose
- 3Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;
| | - Melinda A. Engevik
- 1Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; ,2Systems Biology & Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Eric J. Niespodzany
- 1Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Tomasa Barrientos
- 3Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;
| | - Helena Öhrvik
- 3Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; ,4Department of Medical Biochemistry & Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Roger T. Worrell
- 1Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; ,2Systems Biology & Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Dennis J. Thiele
- 3Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; ,5Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Systems Biology & Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
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23
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Shawki A, Ruwe TA, Mitchell C, Prakash S, Nemeth E, Ganz T, Mackenzie B. Ferroportin‐mediated cellular iron efflux requires extracellular calcium. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.566.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - T Alex Ruwe
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Colin Mitchell
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Shahana Prakash
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Tomas Ganz
- MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUnited States
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24
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Prakash S, Shawki A, Niespodzany E, Mackenzie B. Intestinal divalent metal‐ion transporter‐1 is required for iron homeostasis in the neonatal mouse. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.1011.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Prakash
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Ali Shawki
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Eric Niespodzany
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUnited States
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25
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Carvalho S, Barreira da Silva R, Shawki A, Castro H, Lamy M, Eide D, Costa V, Mackenzie B, Tomás AM. LiZIP3 is a cellular zinc transporter that mediates the tightly regulated import of zinc in Leishmania infantum parasites. Mol Microbiol 2015; 96:581-95. [PMID: 25644708 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular zinc homeostasis ensures that the intracellular concentration of this element is kept within limits that enable its participation in critical physiological processes without exerting toxic effects. We report here the identification and characterization of the first mediator of zinc homeostasis in Leishmania infantum, LiZIP3, a member of the ZIP family of divalent metal-ion transporters. The zinc transporter activity of LiZIP3 was first disclosed by its capacity to rescue the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains deficient in zinc acquisition. Subsequent expression of LiZIP3 in Xenopus laevis oocytes was shown to stimulate the uptake of a broad range of metal ions, among which Zn(2+) was the preferred LiZIP3 substrate (K0.5 ≈ 0.1 μM). Evidence that LiZIP3 functions as a zinc importer in L. infantum came from the observations that the protein locates to the cell membrane and that its overexpression leads to augmented zinc internalization. Importantly, expression and cell-surface location of LiZIP3 are lost when parasites face high zinc bioavailability. LiZIP3 decline in response to zinc is regulated at the mRNA level in a process involving (a) short-lived protein(s). Collectively, our data reveal that LiZIP3 enables L. infantum to acquire zinc in a highly regulated manner, hence contributing to zinc homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4200, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4150-180, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
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26
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Shawki A, Illing A, Mackenzie B. Molecular impact of a human divalent metal‐ion transporter‐1 (DMT1) mutation (G212V) found in two compound heterozygotes with microcytic anemia (893.40). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.893.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Anthony Illing
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
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27
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Shawki A, Engevik M, Kim R, Anthony S, Knight P, Baik R, Worrell R, Shull G, Mackenzie B. Ablation of intestinal brush‐border Na
+
/H
+
exchanger NHE3 impairs iron absorption in the mouse (900.1). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.900.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Melinda Engevik
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Robert Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Sarah Anthony
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Patrick Knight
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Rusty Baik
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Roger Worrell
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Gary Shull
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
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28
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Shawki A, Anthony S, Engevik M, Niespodzany E, Worrell R, Mackenzie B. Intestinal divalent metal‐ion transporter‐1 is critical for intestinal iron absorption but not that of copper (996.3). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.996.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Sarah Anthony
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Melinda Engevik
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Eric Niespodzany
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Roger Worrell
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUnited States
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29
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Mitchell CJ, Shawki A, Ganz T, Nemeth E, Mackenzie B. Functional properties of human ferroportin, a cellular iron exporter reactive also with cobalt and zinc. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 306:C450-9. [PMID: 24304836 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00348.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is achieved by regulating the intestinal absorption of the metal and its recycling by macrophages. Iron export from enterocytes or macrophages to blood plasma is thought to be mediated by ferroportin under the control of hepcidin. Although ferroportin was identified over a decade ago, little is understood about how it works. We expressed in Xenopus oocytes a human ferroportin-enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion protein and observed using confocal microscopy its exclusive plasma-membrane localization. As a first step in its characterization, we established an assay to detect functional expression of ferroportin by microinjecting oocytes with (55)Fe and measuring efflux. Ferroportin expression increased the first-order rate constants describing (55)Fe efflux up to 300-fold over control. Ferroportin-mediated (55)Fe efflux was saturable, temperature-dependent (activation energy, Ea ≈ 17 kcal/mol), maximal at extracellular pH ≈ 7.5, and inactivated at extracellular pH < 6.0. We estimated that ferroportin reacts with iron at its intracellular aspect with apparent affinity constant < 10(-7) M. Ferroportin expression also stimulated efflux of (65)Zn and (57)Co but not of (64)Cu, (109)Cd, or (54)Mn. Hepcidin treatment of oocytes inhibited efflux of (55)Fe, (65)Zn, and (57)Co. Whereas hepcidin administration in mice resulted in a marked hypoferremia within 4 h, we observed no effect on serum zinc levels in those same animals. We conclude that ferroportin is an iron-preferring cellular metal-efflux transporter with a narrow substrate profile that includes cobalt and zinc. Whereas hepcidin strongly regulated serum iron levels in the mouse, we found no evidence that ferroportin plays an important role in zinc homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Mitchell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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30
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Shawki A, Anthony SR, Niespodzany EJ, Amratia AA, Mackenzie B. Ablation of intestinal divalent metal‐ion transporter‐1 produces iron‐deficiency anemia. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.950.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Sarah R Anthony
- Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Eric J Niespodzany
- Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Avni A Amratia
- Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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31
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Illing AC, Shawki A, Cunningham CL, Mackenzie B. Substrate profile and metal-ion selectivity of human divalent metal-ion transporter-1. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:30485-96. [PMID: 22736759 PMCID: PMC3436370 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.364208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) is a H(+)-coupled metal-ion transporter that plays essential roles in iron homeostasis. DMT1 exhibits reactivity (based on evoked currents) with a broad range of metal ions; however, direct measurement of transport is lacking for many of its potential substrates. We performed a comprehensive substrate-profile analysis for human DMT1 expressed in RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes by using radiotracer assays and the continuous measurement of transport by fluorescence with the metal-sensitive PhenGreen SK fluorophore. We provide validation for the use of PhenGreen SK fluorescence quenching as a reporter of cellular metal-ion uptake. We determined metal-ion selectivity under fixed conditions using the voltage clamp. Radiotracer and continuous measurement of transport by fluorescence assays revealed that DMT1 mediates the transport of several metal ions that were ranked in selectivity by using the ratio I(max)/K(0.5) (determined from evoked currents at -70 mV): Cd(2+) > Fe(2+) > Co(2+), Mn(2+) ≫ Zn(2+), Ni(2+), VO(2+). DMT1 expression did not stimulate the transport of Cr(2+), Cr(3+), Cu(+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+), Ga(3+), Hg(2+), or VO(+). (55)Fe(2+) transport was competitively inhibited by Co(2+) and Mn(2+). Zn(2+) only weakly inhibited (55)Fe(2+) transport. Our data reveal that DMT1 selects Fe(2+) over its other physiological substrates and provides a basis for predicting the contribution of DMT1 to intestinal, nasal, and pulmonary absorption of metal ions and their cellular uptake in other tissues. Whereas DMT1 is a likely route of entry for the toxic heavy metal cadmium, and may serve the metabolism of cobalt, manganese, and vanadium, we predict that DMT1 should contribute little if at all to the absorption or uptake of zinc. The conclusion in previous reports that copper is a substrate of DMT1 is not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Shawki
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and
- the Systems Biology and Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | | | - Bryan Mackenzie
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and
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32
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Wang CY, Jenkitkasemwong S, Duarte S, Sparkman BK, Shawki A, Mackenzie B, Knutson MD. ZIP8 is an iron and zinc transporter whose cell-surface expression is up-regulated by cellular iron loading. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34032-43. [PMID: 22898811 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.367284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ZIP8 (SLC39A8) belongs to the ZIP family of metal-ion transporters. Among the ZIP proteins, ZIP8 is most closely related to ZIP14, which can transport iron, zinc, manganese, and cadmium. Here we investigated the iron transport ability of ZIP8, its subcellular localization, pH dependence, and regulation by iron. Transfection of HEK 293T cells with ZIP8 cDNA enhanced the uptake of (59)Fe and (65)Zn by 200 and 40%, respectively, compared with controls. Excess iron inhibited the uptake of zinc and vice versa. In RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes, ZIP8-mediated (55)Fe(2+) transport was saturable (K(0.5) of ∼0.7 μm) and inhibited by zinc. ZIP8 also mediated the uptake of (109)Cd(2+), (57)Co(2+), (65)Zn(2+) > (54)Mn(2+), but not (64)Cu (I or II). By using immunofluorescence analysis, we found that ZIP8 expressed in HEK 293T cells localized to the plasma membrane and partially in early endosomes. Iron loading increased total and cell-surface levels of ZIP8 in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells. We also determined by using site-directed mutagenesis that asparagine residues 40, 88, and 96 of rat ZIP8 are glycosylated and that N-glycosylation is not required for iron or zinc transport. Analysis of 20 different human tissues revealed abundant ZIP8 expression in lung and placenta and showed that its expression profile differs markedly from ZIP14, suggesting nonredundant functions. Suppression of endogenous ZIP8 expression in BeWo cells, a placental cell line, reduced iron uptake by ∼40%, suggesting that ZIP8 participates in placental iron transport. Collectively, these data identify ZIP8 as an iron transport protein that may function in iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Wang
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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33
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Wang CY, Jenkitkasemwong S, Sparkman BK, Shawki A, Mackenzie B, Knutson M. Metal transport, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution of Zip8, a Zip14 homologue. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.641.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Wang
- Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | | | - Brian K. Sparkman
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
| | - Ali Shawki
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
| | - Mitchell Knutson
- Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
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34
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Shawki A, Niespodzany EJ, Mackenzie B. No evidence that copper is a transported substrate of the iron transporter DMT1. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1112.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Eric J Niespodzany
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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35
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Carvalho S, Silva R, Shawki A, Mackenzie B, Castro H, Eide D, Costa V, Tomás AM. Leishmania infantum
ZIP3 is a zinc transporter that is tightly regulated by zinc status. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1112.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Silva
- Institute for Molecular and Cell BiologyPortoPortugal
| | | | | | - Helena Castro
- Institute for Molecular and Cell BiologyPortoPortugal
| | | | - Vítor Costa
- Institute for Molecular and Cell BiologyPortoPortugal
| | - Ana M Tomás
- Institute for Molecular and Cell BiologyPortoPortugal
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36
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Shawki A, Anthony SR, Nose Y, De Renshaw TB, Thiele DJ, Mackenzie B. Intestinal divalent metal‐ion transporter‐1 is critical for iron homeostasis but is not required for maintenance of Cu or Zn. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1112.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Sarah R Anthony
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Yasuhiro Nose
- Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC
| | | | - Dennis J Thiele
- Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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37
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Shawki A, Knight PB, Maliken BD, Niespodzany EJ, Mackenzie B. H(+)-coupled divalent metal-ion transporter-1: functional properties, physiological roles and therapeutics. Curr Top Membr 2012. [PMID: 23177986 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394316-3.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) is a widely expressed, iron-preferring membrane transport protein. Animal models establish that DMT1 plays indispensable roles in intestinal nonheme-iron absorption and iron acquisition by erythroid precursor cells. Rare mutations in human DMT1 result in severe microcytic-hypochromic anemia. When we express DMT1 in RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes, we observe rheogenic Fe(2+) transport that is driven by the proton electrochemical potential gradient. In that same preparation, DMT1 also transports cadmium and manganese but not copper. Whether manganese metabolism relies upon DMT1 remains unclear but DMT1 contributes to the effects of overexposure to cadmium and manganese in some tissues. There exist at least four DMT1 isoforms that arise from variant transcription of the SLC11A2 gene. Whereas these isoforms display identical functional properties, N- and C-terminal variations contain cues that direct the cell-specific targeting of DMT1 isoforms to discrete subcellular compartments (plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes). An iron-responsive element (IRE) in the mRNA 3'-untranslated region permits the regulation of some isoforms by iron status, and additional mechanisms by which DMT1 is regulated are emerging. Natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (NRAMP1)-the only other member of the mammalian SLC11 gene family-contributes to antimicrobial function by extruding from the phagolysosome divalent metal ions (e.g. Mn(2+)) that may be essential cofactors for bacteria-derived enzymes or required for bacterial growth. The principal or only intestinal nonheme-iron transporter, DMT1 is a validated therapeutic target in hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC) and other iron-overload disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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38
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Pinilla-Tenas JJ, Sparkman BK, Shawki A, Illing AC, Mitchell CJ, Zhao N, Liuzzi JP, Cousins RJ, Knutson MD, Mackenzie B. Zip14 is a complex broad-scope metal-ion transporter whose functional properties support roles in the cellular uptake of zinc and nontransferrin-bound iron. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C862-71. [PMID: 21653899 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00479.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that overexpression of the transmembrane protein Zrt- and Irt-like protein 14 (Zip14) stimulates the cellular uptake of zinc and nontransferrin-bound iron (NTBI). Here, we directly tested the hypothesis that Zip14 transports free zinc, iron, and other metal ions by using the Xenopus laevis oocyte heterologous expression system, and use of this approach also allowed us to characterize the functional properties of Zip14. Expression of mouse Zip14 in RNA-injected oocytes stimulated the uptake of (55)Fe in the presence of l-ascorbate but not nitrilotriacetic acid, indicating that Zip14 is an iron transporter specific for ferrous ion (Fe(2+)) over ferric ion (Fe(3+)). Zip14-mediated (55)Fe(2+) uptake was saturable (K(0.5) ≈ 2 μM), temperature-dependent (apparent activation energy, E(a) = 15 kcal/mol), pH-sensitive, Ca(2+)-dependent, and inhibited by Co(2+), Mn(2+), and Zn(2+). HCO(3)(-) stimulated (55)Fe(2+) transport. These properties are in close agreement with those of NTBI uptake in the perfused rat liver and in isolated hepatocytes reported in the literature. Zip14 also mediated the uptake of (109)Cd(2+), (54)Mn(2+), and (65)Zn(2+) but not (64)Cu (I or II). (65)Zn(2+) uptake also was saturable (K(0.5) ≈ 2 μM) but, notably, the metal-ion inhibition profile and Ca(2+) dependence of Zn(2+) transport differed from those of Fe(2+) transport, and we propose a model to account for these observations. Our data reveal that Zip14 is a complex, broad-scope metal-ion transporter. Whereas zinc appears to be a preferred substrate under normal conditions, we found that Zip14 is capable of mediating cellular uptake of NTBI characteristic of iron-overload conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Pinilla-Tenas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0576, USA
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39
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Mackenzie B, Shawki A, Kim R, Anthony SR, Knight PB, Bradford EM, Shull GE. Intestinal brush‐border Na
+
/H
+
exchangers are required for iron homeostasis in the mouse. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.238.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily M Bradford
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry & MicrobiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Gary E Shull
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry & MicrobiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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41
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Alexander JH, Shawki A, Meller J, Mackenzie B. Mapping critical structural elements in divalent metal‐ion transporter‐1 (DMT1). FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.609.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jarek Meller
- Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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42
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Mitchell CJ, Shawki A, Nemeth E, Ganz T, Mackenzie B. Functional expression in
Xenopus
oocytes reveals that human ferroportin is an iron exporter shared with zinc. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.1017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Mitchell
- Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Ali Shawki
- Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | | | - Tomas Ganz
- MedicineDavid Geffen–UCLA School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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43
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Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency worldwide. Whereas dietary calcium is known to reduce the bioavailability of iron, the molecular basis of this interaction is not understood. We tested the hypothesis that divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1)-the principal or only mechanism by which nonheme iron is taken up at the intestinal brush border-is shared also by calcium. We expressed human DMT1 in RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes and examined its activity using radiotracer assays and the voltage clamp. DMT1 did not mediate 45Ca2+ uptake. Instead, we found that Ca2+ blocked the Fe2+-evoked currents and inhibited 55Fe2+ uptake in a noncompetitive manner (K(i) approximately 20 mM). The mechanism of inhibition was independent of voltage and did not involve intracellular Ca2+ signaling. The alkaline-earth metal ions Ba2+, Sr2+, and Mg2+ also inhibited DMT1-mediated iron-transport activity. We conclude that Ca2+ is a low-affinity noncompetitive inhibitor--but not a transported substrate--of DMT1, explaining in part the effect of high dietary calcium on iron bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, PO Box 670576, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0576, USA
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, PO Box 670576, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0576, USA
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44
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Grewal S, Defamie N, Zhang X, De Gois S, Shawki A, Mackenzie B, Chen C, Varoqui H, Erickson JD. SNAT2 amino acid transporter is regulated by amino acids of the SLC6 gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter subfamily in neocortical neurons and may play no role in delivering glutamine for glutamatergic transmission. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:11224-36. [PMID: 19240036 PMCID: PMC2670127 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806470200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
System A transporters SNAT1 and SNAT2 mediate uptake of neutral alpha-amino acids (e.g. glutamine, alanine, and proline) and are expressed in central neurons. We tested the hypothesis that SNAT2 is required to support neurotransmitter glutamate synthesis by examining spontaneous excitatory activity after inducing or repressing SNAT2 expression for prolonged periods. We stimulated de novo synthesis of SNAT2 mRNA and increased SNAT2 mRNA stability and total SNAT2 protein and functional activity, whereas SNAT1 expression was unaffected. Increased endogenous SNAT2 expression did not affect spontaneous excitatory action-potential frequency over control. Long term glutamine exposure strongly repressed SNAT2 expression but increased excitatory action-potential frequency. Quantal size was not altered following SNAT2 induction or repression. These results suggest that spontaneous glutamatergic transmission in pyramidal neurons does not rely on SNAT2. To our surprise, repression of SNAT2 activity was not limited to System A substrates. Taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and beta-alanine (substrates of the SLC6 gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter family) repressed SNAT2 expression more potently (10x) than did System A substrates; however, the responses to System A substrates were more rapid. Since ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein are known to bind to an amino acid response element within the SNAT2 promoter and mediate induction of SNAT2 in peripheral cell lines, we tested whether either factor was similarly induced by amino acid deprivation in neurons. We found that glutamine and taurine repressed the induction of both transcription factors. Our data revealed that SNAT2 expression is constitutively low in neurons under physiological conditions but potently induced, together with the taurine transporter TauT, in response to depletion of neutral amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhjeevan Grewal
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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45
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Mackenzie B, Shawki A, Ghio AJ, Stonehuerner JD, Zhao L, Ghadersohi S, Garrick LM, Garrick MD. A role for the divalent metal‐ion transporter (DMT1) is doubtful in the mechanism by which calcium‐channel blockers reverse iron overload. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1192.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Mackenzie
- Dept Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniv CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
| | - Ali Shawki
- Dept Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniv CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
| | | | | | - Lin Zhao
- Dept BiochemistrySUNY at BuffaloBuffaloNY
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46
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Shawki A, Illing AC, Worrell RT, Mackenzie B. PKC activation downregulates the human Na
+
/L‐ascorbic acid transporter SVCT1 via its derecruitment from the plasma membrane. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.936.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Anthony C Illing
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Roger T Worrell
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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47
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Shawki A, Illing AC, Mackenzie B. Molecular impact of divalent metal‐ion transporter (DMT1) mutations (V114del and G212V) found in a compound heterozygote with microcytic anemia and hepatic iron overload. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1192.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Anthony C Illing
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Illing
- Dept Mol & Cell PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiPO Box 670576CincinnatiOH45267‐0576
| | - Ali Shawki
- Dept Mol & Cell PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiPO Box 670576CincinnatiOH45267‐0576
| | | | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Dept Mol & Cell PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiPO Box 670576CincinnatiOH45267‐0576
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Illing AC, Shawki A, Eyster TW, Mackenzie B. Cysteinyl residues participate in regulation of SVCT1‐mediated L‐ascorbic acid transport. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.a840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Illing
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicinePO Box 670576CincinnatiOhio45267‐0576
| | - Ali Shawki
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicinePO Box 670576CincinnatiOhio45267‐0576
| | - Thomas W Eyster
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicinePO Box 670576CincinnatiOhio45267‐0576
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicinePO Box 670576CincinnatiOhio45267‐0576
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