1
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Deng Z, Gao W, Kohram F, Li E, Kalin TV, Shi D, Kalinichenko VV. Fluorinated amphiphilic Poly(β-Amino ester) nanoparticle for highly efficient and specific delivery of nucleic acids to the Lung capillary endothelium. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:1-17. [PMID: 37593494 PMCID: PMC10432146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction occurs in a variety of acute and chronic pulmonary diseases including pulmonary hypertension, viral and bacterial pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and congenital lung diseases such as alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). To correct endothelial dysfunction, there is a critical need for the development of nanoparticle systems that can deliver drugs and nucleic acids to endothelial cells with high efficiency and precision. While several nanoparticle delivery systems targeting endothelial cells have been recently developed, none of them are specific to lung endothelial cells without targeting other organs in the body. In the present study, we successfully solved this problem by developing non-toxic poly(β-amino) ester (PBAE) nanoparticles with specific structure design and fluorinated modification for high efficiency and specific delivery of nucleic acids to the pulmonary endothelial cells. After intravenous administration, the PBAE nanoparticles were capable of delivering non-integrating DNA plasmids to lung microvascular endothelial cells but not to other lung cell types. IVIS whole body imaging and flow cytometry demonstrated that DNA plasmid were functional in the lung endothelial cells but not in endothelial cells of other organs. Fluorination of PBAE was required for lung endothelial cell-specific targeting. Hematologic analysis and liver and kidney metabolic panels demonstrated the lack of toxicity in experimental mice. Thus, fluorinated PBAE nanoparticles can be an ideal vehicle for gene therapy targeting lung microvascular endothelium in pulmonary vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Deng
- Phoenix Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Wen Gao
- Phoenix Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Fatemeh Kohram
- Phoenix Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Enhong Li
- Phoenix Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Tanya V. Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Donglu Shi
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Phoenix Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
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2
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Lin P, Gao R, Fang Z, Yang W, Tang Z, Wang Q, Wu Y, Fang J, Yu W. Precise nanodrug delivery systems with cell-specific targeting for ALI/ARDS treatment. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123321. [PMID: 37591476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common acute and critical diseases in clinics and have no effective treatment to date. With the concept of "precision medicine", research into the precise drug delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic drugs has become a frontier in nanomedicine research and has entered the era of design of precise nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs) with cell-specific targeting. Owing to the distinctive characteristics of ALI/ARDS, designing NDDSs for specific focal sites is an important strategy for changing drug distribution in the body and specifically increasing drug concentration at target sites while decreasing drug concentration at non-target sites. This strategy enhances drug efficacy, reduces adverse reactions, and ensures accurate nano-targeted treatment. On the basis of the characteristics of pathological ALI/ARDS microenvironments, this paper reviews NDDSs targeting vascular endothelial cells, neutrophils, alveolar macrophages, and alveolar epithelial cells to provide reference for designing accurate NDDSs for ALI/ARDS and novel insights into targeted treatments for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Zhengyu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Zhan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yueguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Wenying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China.
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3
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Zhang Z, Dalan R, Hu Z, Wang JW, Chew NW, Poh KK, Tan RS, Soong TW, Dai Y, Ye L, Chen X. Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202169. [PMID: 35470476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play key roles in the progression of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, which are independent risk factors that lead to atherosclerosis and the development of IHD. Engineered biomaterial-based nanomedicines are under extensive investigation and exploration, serving as smart and multifunctional nanocarriers for synergistic therapeutic effect. Capitalizing on cell/molecule-targeting drug delivery, nanomedicines present enhanced specificity and safety with favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Herein, the roles of ROS in both IHD and its risk factors are discussed, highlighting cardiovascular medications that have antioxidant properties, and summarizing the advantages, properties, and recent achievements of nanomedicines that have ROS scavenging capacity for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, and myocardial infarction. Finally, the current challenges of nanomedicines for ROS-scavenging treatment of IHD and possible future directions are discussed from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 408433, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ws Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Kian-Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 119609, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macao, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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4
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Targeting vascular inflammation through emerging methods and drug carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114180. [PMID: 35271986 PMCID: PMC9035126 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a common dangerous component of pathogenesis of many prevalent conditions with high morbidity and mortality including sepsis, thrombosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), COVID-19, myocardial and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, infection, and trauma. Inflammatory changes of the vasculature and blood mediate the course and outcome of the pathology in the tissue site of insult, remote organs and systemically. Endothelial cells lining the luminal surface of the vasculature play the key regulatory functions in the body, distinct under normal vs. pathological conditions. In theory, pharmacological interventions in the endothelial cells might enable therapeutic correction of the overzealous damaging pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic changes in the vasculature. However, current agents and drug delivery systems (DDS) have inadequate pharmacokinetics and lack the spatiotemporal precision of vascular delivery in the context of acute inflammation. To attain this level of precision, many groups design DDS targeted to specific endothelial surface determinants. These DDS are able to provide specificity for desired tissues, organs, cells, and sub-cellular compartments needed for a particular intervention. We provide a brief overview of endothelial determinants, design of DDS targeted to these molecules, their performance in experimental models with focus on animal studies and appraisal of emerging new approaches. Particular attention is paid to challenges and perspectives of targeted therapeutics and nanomedicine for advanced management of acute inflammation.
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5
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Khursheed R, Paudel KR, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Jha NK, Hansbro PM, Oliver BG, Dua K, Singh SK. Expanding the arsenal against pulmonary diseases using surface-functionalized polymeric micelles: breakthroughs and bottlenecks. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:881-911. [PMID: 35332783 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases such as lung cancer, asthma and tuberculosis have remained one of the common challenges globally. Polymeric micelles (PMs) have emerged as an effective technique for achieving targeted drug delivery for a local as well as a systemic effect. These PMs encapsulate and protect hydrophobic drugs, increase pulmonary targeting, decrease side effects and enhance drug efficacy through the inhalation route. In the current review, emphasis has been placed on the different barriers encountered by the drugs given via the pulmonary route and the mechanism of PMs in achieving drug targeting. The applications of PMs in different pulmonary diseases have also been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Keshav R Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No. 32-34 Knowledge Park III Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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6
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Pornnoppadol G, Zhang B, Desai AA, Berardi A, Remmer HA, Tessier PM, Greineder CF. A hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody with high homology to the aberrant myeloma light chain. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252558. [PMID: 34634047 PMCID: PMC8504763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of antibody variable regions in the heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains from hybridomas is necessary for the production of recombinant, sequence-defined monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody derivatives. This process has received renewed attention in light of recent reports of hybridomas having unintended specificities due to the production of non-antigen specific heavy and/or light chains for the intended antigen. Here we report a surprising finding and potential pitfall in variable domain sequencing of an anti-human CD63 hybridoma. We amplified multiple VL genes from the hybridoma cDNA, including the well-known aberrant Sp2/0 myeloma VK and a unique, full-length VL. After finding that the unique VL failed to yield a functional antibody, we discovered an additional full-length sequence with surprising similarity (~95% sequence identify) to the non-translated myeloma kappa chain but with a correction of its key frameshift mutation. Expression of the recombinant mAb confirmed that this highly homologous sequence is the antigen-specific light chain. Our results highlight the complexity of PCR-based cloning of antibody genes and strategies useful for identification of correct sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasidit Pornnoppadol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Boya Zhang
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alec A. Desai
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Anthony Berardi
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Henriette A. Remmer
- Proteomics & Peptide Synthesis Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Colin F. Greineder
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Zhang L, Li Z, Ye X, Chen Z, Chen ZS. Mechanisms of thrombosis and research progress on targeted antithrombotic drugs. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2282-2302. [PMID: 33895314 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the incidence of thromboembolic diseases has increased in recent years, accompanied by an increase in patient mortality. Currently, several targeting delivery strategies have been developed to treat thromboembolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of thrombolysis and current anticoagulant drugs, particularly those with targeting capability, highlighting advances in the accurate treatment of thrombolysis with fewer adverse effects. Such approaches include magnetic drug-loading systems combined with molecular imaging to recanalize blood vessels and systems based on chimeric Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequences that can target platelet glycoprotein receptor. With such progress in targeted antithrombotic drugs, targeted thrombolysis treatment shows significant potential benefit for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Xianren Ye
- Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350014, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY 11439, USA.
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8
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Bian S, Cai H, Cui Y, Liu W, Xiao C. Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics to Combat Acute Lung Injury. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2247-2269. [PMID: 33776431 PMCID: PMC7987274 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s300594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) or its aggravated stage acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may lead to a life-threatening form of respiratory failure, resulting in high mortality of up to 30-40% in most studies. Although there have been decades of research since ALI was first described in 1967, the clinical therapeutic alternatives for ALI are still in a state of limited availability. Supportive treatment and mechanical ventilation still have priority. Despite some preclinical studies demonstrating the benefit of pharmacological interventions, none of these has been proved completely effective to date. Recent advances in nanotechnology may shed new light on the pharmacotherapy of ALI. Nanomedicine possesses targeting and synergistic therapeutic capability, thus boosting pharmaceutical efficacy and mitigating the side effects. Currently, a variety of nanomedicine with diverse frameworks and functional groups have been elaborately developed, in accordance with their lung targeting ability and the pathophysiology of ALI. The in-depth review of the current literature reveals that liposomes, polymers, inorganic materials, cell membranes, platelets, and other nanomedicine approaches have conferred attractive therapeutic benefits for ALI treatment. In this review, we explore the recent progress in the study of the nanomedicine-based therapy of ALI, presenting various nanomedical approaches, drug choices, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes, thereby providing insight into the trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youbin Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanguo Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Kiseleva RY, Glassman PG, LeForte KM, Walsh LR, Villa CH, Shuvaev VV, Myerson JW, Aprelev PA, Marcos-Contreras OA, Muzykantov VR, Greineder CF. Bivalent engagement of endothelial surface antigens is critical to prolonged surface targeting and protein delivery in vivo. FASEB J 2020; 34:11577-11593. [PMID: 32738178 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902515rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery to the endothelium has the potential to generate localized therapeutic effects at the blood-tissue interface. For some therapeutic cargoes, it is essential to maintain contact with the bloodstream to exert protective effects. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of endothelial surface-targeted affinity ligands and biotherapeutic cargo remain a largely unexplored area, despite obvious translational implications for this strategy. To bridge this gap, we site-specifically radiolabeled mono- (scFv) and bivalent (mAb) affinity ligands specific for the endothelial cell adhesion molecules, PECAM-1 (CD31) and ICAM-1 (CD54). Radiotracing revealed similar lung biodistribution at 30 minutes post-injection (79.3% ± 4.2% vs 80.4% ± 10.6% ID/g for αICAM and 58.9% ± 3.6% ID/g vs. 47.7% ± 5.8% ID/g for αPECAM mAb vs. scFv), but marked differences in organ residence time, with antibodies demonstrating an order of magnitude greater area under the lung concentration vs. time curve (AUCinf 1698 ± 352 vs. 53.3 ± 7.9 ID/g*hrs for αICAM and 1023 ± 507 vs. 114 ± 37 ID/g*hrs for αPECAM mAb vs scFv). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, fit to and validated using these data, indicated contributions from both superior binding characteristics and prolonged circulation time supporting multiple binding-detachment cycles. We tested the ability of each affinity ligand to deliver a prototypical surface cargo, thrombomodulin (TM), using one-to-one protein conjugates. Bivalent mAb-TM was superior to monovalent scFv-TM in both pulmonary targeting and lung residence time (AUCinf 141 ± 3.2 vs 12.4 ± 4.2 ID/g*hrs for ICAM and 188 ± 90 vs 34.7 ± 19.9 ID/g*hrs for PECAM), despite having similar blood PK, indicating that binding strength is more important parameter than the kinetics of binding. To maximize bivalent target engagement, we synthesized an oriented, end-to-end anti-ICAM mAb-TM conjugate and found that this therapeutic had the best lung residence time (AUCinf 253 ± 18 ID/g*hrs) of all TM modalities. These observations have implications not only for the delivery of TM, but also potentially all therapeutics targeted to the endothelial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yu Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P G Glassman
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K M LeForte
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L R Walsh
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C H Villa
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J W Myerson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P A Aprelev
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - O A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C F Greineder
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Glassman PM, Myerson JW, Ferguson LT, Kiseleva RY, Shuvaev VV, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Targeting drug delivery in the vascular system: Focus on endothelium. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:96-117. [PMID: 32579890 PMCID: PMC7306214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bloodstream is the main transporting pathway for drug delivery systems (DDS) from the site of administration to the intended site of action. In many cases, components of the vascular system represent therapeutic targets. Endothelial cells, which line the luminal surface of the vasculature, play a tripartite role of the key target, barrier, or victim of nanomedicines in the bloodstream. Circulating DDS may accumulate in the vascular areas of interest and in off-target areas via mechanisms bypassing specific molecular recognition, but using ligands of specific vascular determinant molecules enables a degree of precision, efficacy, and specificity of delivery unattainable by non-affinity DDS. Three decades of research efforts have focused on specific vascular targeting, which have yielded a multitude of DDS, many of which are currently undergoing a translational phase of development for biomedical applications, including interventions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous systems, regulation of endothelial functions, host defense, and permeation of vascular barriers. We discuss the design of endothelial-targeted nanocarriers, factors underlying their interactions with cells and tissues, and describe examples of their investigational use in models of acute vascular inflammation with an eye on translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Laura T Ferguson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Raisa Y Kiseleva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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11
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Selective targeting of nanomedicine to inflamed cerebral vasculature to enhance the blood-brain barrier. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3405-3414. [PMID: 32005712 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912012117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug targeting to inflammatory brain pathologies such as stroke and traumatic brain injury remains an elusive goal. Using a mouse model of acute brain inflammation induced by local tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), we found that uptake of intravenously injected antibody to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (anti-VCAM) in the inflamed brain is >10-fold greater than antibodies to transferrin receptor-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (TfR-1 and ICAM-1). Furthermore, uptake of anti-VCAM/liposomes exceeded that of anti-TfR and anti-ICAM counterparts by ∼27- and ∼8-fold, respectively, achieving brain/blood ratio >300-fold higher than that of immunoglobulin G/liposomes. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging affirmed specific anti-VCAM/liposome targeting to inflamed brain in mice. Intravital microscopy via cranial window and flow cytometry showed that in the inflamed brain anti-VCAM/liposomes bind to endothelium, not to leukocytes. Anti-VCAM/LNP selectively accumulated in the inflamed brain, providing de novo expression of proteins encoded by cargo messenger RNA (mRNA). Anti-VCAM/LNP-mRNA mediated expression of thrombomodulin (a natural endothelial inhibitor of thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular leakage) and alleviated TNFα-induced brain edema. Thus VCAM-directed nanocarriers provide a platform for cerebrovascular targeting to inflamed brain, with the goal of normalizing the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, thus benefiting numerous brain pathologies.
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12
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Kiseleva RY, Glassman PM, Greineder CF, Hood ED, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR. Targeting therapeutics to endothelium: are we there yet? Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:883-902. [PMID: 29282646 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells represent an important therapeutic target in many pathologies, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and thrombosis; however, delivery of drugs to this site is often limited by the lack of specific affinity of therapeutics for these cells. Selective delivery of both small molecule drugs and therapeutic proteins to the endothelium has been achieved through the use of targeting ligands, such as monoclonal antibodies, directed against endothelial cell surface markers, particularly cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Careful selection of target molecules and targeting agents allows for precise delivery to sites of inflammation, thereby maximizing therapeutic drug concentrations at the site of injury. A good understanding of the physiological and pathological determinants of drug and drug carrier pharmacokinetics and biodistribution may allow for a priori identification of optimal properties of drug carrier and targeting agent. Targeted delivery of therapeutics such as antioxidants and antithrombotic agents to the injured endothelium has shown efficacy in preclinical models, suggesting the potential for translation into clinical practice. As with all therapeutics, demonstration of both efficacy and safety are required for successful clinical implementation, which must be considered not only for the individual components (drug, targeting agent, etc.) but also for the sum of the parts (e.g., the drug delivery system), as unexpected toxicities may arise with complex delivery systems. While the use of endothelial targeting has not been translated into the clinic to date, the preclinical results summarized here suggest that there is hope for successful implementation of these agents in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Yu Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA
| | - Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA.
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13
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Hood ED, Greineder CF, Shuvaeva T, Walsh L, Villa CH, Muzykantov VR. Vascular Targeting of Radiolabeled Liposomes with Bio-Orthogonally Conjugated Ligands: Single Chain Fragments Provide Higher Specificity than Antibodies. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3626-3637. [PMID: 30240185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are a proven, versatile, and clinically viable technology platform for vascular delivery of drugs and imaging probes. Although targeted liposomes have the potential to advance these applications, complex formulations and the need for optimal affinity ligands and conjugation strategies challenge their translation. Herein, we employed copper-free click chemistry functionalized liposomes to target platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) by conjugating clickable monoclonal antibodies (Ab) or their single chain variable fragments (scFv). For direct, quantitative tracing, liposomes were surface chelated with 111In to a >90% radiochemical yield and purity. Particle size and distribution, stability, ligand surface density, and specific binding to target cells were characterized in vitro. Biodistribution of liposomes after IV injection was characterized in mice using isotope detection in organs and by noninvasive imaging (single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography, SPECT/CT). As much as 20-25% of injected dose of liposomes carrying PECAM and ICAM ligands, but not control IgG accumulated in the pulmonary vasculature. The immunospecificity of pulmonary targeting of scFv/liposomes to PECAM-1 and ICAM-1, respectively, was 10-fold and 2.5-fold higher than of Ab/liposomes. Therefore, the combination of optimal ligands, benign conjugation, and labeling yields liposomal formulations that may be used for highly effective and specific vascular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , Perelman School of Medicine , 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Bldg 421 , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-5158 , United States
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , Perelman School of Medicine , 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Bldg 421 , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-5158 , United States
| | - Tea Shuvaeva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , Perelman School of Medicine , 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Bldg 421 , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-5158 , United States
| | - Landis Walsh
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , Perelman School of Medicine , 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Bldg 421 , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-5158 , United States
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , Perelman School of Medicine , 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Bldg 421 , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-5158 , United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , Perelman School of Medicine , 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Bldg 421 , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-5158 , United States
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14
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Vascular endothelial effects of collaborative binding to platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). Sci Rep 2018; 8:1510. [PMID: 29367646 PMCID: PMC5784113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting drugs to endothelial cells has shown the ability to improve outcomes in animal models of inflammatory, ischemic and thrombotic diseases. Previous studies have revealed that certain pairs of ligands (antibodies and antibody fragments) specific for adjacent, but distinct, epitopes on PECAM-1 enhance each other’s binding, a phenomenon dubbed Collaborative Enhancement of Paired Affinity Ligands, or CEPAL. This discovery has been leveraged to enable simultaneous delivery of multiple therapeutics to the vascular endothelium. Given the known role of PECAM-1 in promoting endothelial quiescence and cell junction integrity, we sought here to determine if CEPAL might induce unintended vascular effects. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo techniques and employing human and mouse endothelial cells under physiologic and pathologic conditions, we found only modest or non-significant effects in response to antibodies to PECAM-1, whether given solo or in pairs. In contrast, these methods detected significant elevation of endothelial permeability, pro-inflammatory vascular activation, and systemic cytokine release following antibody binding to the related endothelial junction protein, VE-Cadherin. These studies support the notion that PECAM-1-targeted CEPAL provides relatively well-tolerated endothelial drug delivery. Additionally, the analysis herein creates a template to evaluate potential toxicities of vascular-targeted nanoparticles and protein therapeutics.
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15
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Greineder CF, Villa CH, Walsh LR, Kiseleva RY, Hood ED, Khoshnejad M, Warden-Rothman R, Tsourkas A, Muzykantov VR. Site-Specific Modification of Single-Chain Antibody Fragments for Bioconjugation and Vascular Immunotargeting. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:56-66. [PMID: 29200285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of antibodies to drugs and drug carriers improves delivery to target tissues. Widespread implementation and effective translation of this pharmacologic strategy awaits the development of affinity ligands capable of a defined degree of modification and highly efficient bioconjugation without loss of affinity. To date, such ligands are lacking for the targeting of therapeutics to vascular endothelial cells. To enable site-specific, click-chemistry conjugation to therapeutic cargo, we used the bacterial transpeptidase, sortase A, to attach short azidolysine containing peptides to three endothelial-specific single chain antibody fragments (scFv). While direct fusion of a recognition motif (sortag) to the scFv C-terminus generally resulted in low levels of sortase-mediated modification, improved reaction efficiency was observed for one protein, in which two amino acids had been introduced during cloning. This prompted insertion of a short, semi-rigid linker between scFv and sortag. The linker significantly enhanced modification of all three proteins, to the extent that unmodified scFv could no longer be detected. As proof of principle, purified, azide-modified scFv was conjugated to the antioxidant enzyme, catalase, resulting in robust endothelial targeting of functional cargo in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Greineder
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Landis R Walsh
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Raisa Y Kiseleva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert Warden-Rothman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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16
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Brenner JS, Kiseleva RY, Glassman PM, Parhiz H, Greineder CF, Hood ED, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR. The new frontiers of the targeted interventions in the pulmonary vasculature: precision and safety (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2017; 8:2045893217752329. [PMID: 29261028 PMCID: PMC5768280 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217752329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary vasculature plays an important role in many lung pathologies, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, primary graft dysfunction of lung transplant, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therapy for these diseases is quite limited, largely due to dose-limiting side effects of numerous drugs that have been trialed or approved. High doses of drugs targeting the pulmonary vasculature are needed due to the lack of specific affinity of therapeutic compounds to the vasculature. To overcome this problem, the field of targeted drug delivery aims to target drugs to the pulmonary endothelial cells, especially those in pathological regions. The field uses a variety of drug delivery systems (DDSs), ranging from nano-scale drug carriers, such as liposomes, to methods of conjugating drugs to affinity moieites, such as antibodies. These DDSs can deliver small molecule drugs, protein therapeutics, and imaging agents. Here we review targeted drug delivery to the pulmonary endothelium for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Cautionary notes are made of the risk–benefit ratio and safety—parameters one should keep in mind when developing a translational therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Brenner
- 1 14640 Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raisa Yu Kiseleva
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Glassman
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- 2 14640 Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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ICAM-1-targeted thrombomodulin mitigates tissue factor-driven inflammatory thrombosis in a human endothelialized microfluidic model. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1452-1465. [PMID: 29296786 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017007229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse human illnesses are characterized by loss or inactivation of endothelial thrombomodulin (TM), predisposing to microvascular inflammation, activation of coagulation, and tissue ischemia. Single-chain antibody fragment (scFv)/TM) fusion proteins, previously protective against end-organ injury in murine models of inflammation, are attractive candidates to treat inflammatory thrombosis. However, animal models have inherent differences in TM and coagulation biology, are limited in their ability to resolve and control endothelial biology, and do not allow in-depth testing of "humanized" scFv/TM fusion proteins, which are necessary for translation to the clinical domain. To address these challenges, we developed a human whole-blood, microfluidic model of inflammatory, tissue factor (TF)-driven coagulation that features a multichannel format for head-to-head comparison of therapeutic approaches. In this model, fibrin deposition, leukocyte adhesion, and platelet adhesion and aggregation showed a dose-dependent response to tumor necrosis factor-α activation and could be quantified via real-time microscopy. We used this model to compare hTM/R6.5, a humanized, intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)-targeted scFv/TM biotherapeutic, to untargeted antithrombotic agents, including soluble human TM (shTM), anti-TF antibodies, and hirudin. The targeted hTM/R6.5 more effectively inhibited TF-driven coagulation in a protein C (PC)-dependent manner and demonstrated synergy with supplemental PC. These results support the translational prospects of ICAM-targeted scFv/TM and illustrate the utility of the microfluidic system as a platform to study humanized therapeutics at the interface of endothelium and whole blood under flow.
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18
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Mechanism of Collaborative Enhancement of Binding of Paired Antibodies to Distinct Epitopes of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169537. [PMID: 28085903 PMCID: PMC5234847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to extracellular epitopes of human and mouse Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD31 or PECAM-1) stimulate binding of other mAbs to distinct adjacent PECAM-1 epitopes. This effect, dubbed Collaborative Enhancement of Paired Affinity Ligands, or CEPAL, has been shown to enhance delivery of mAb-targeted drugs and nanoparticles to the vascular endothelium. Here we report new insights into the mechanism underlying this effect, which demonstrates equivalent amplitude in the following models: i) cells expressing a full length PECAM-1 and mutant form of PECAM-1 unable to form homodimers; ii) isolated fractions of cellular membranes; and, iii) immobilized recombinant PECAM-1. These results indicate that CEPAL is mediated not by interference in cellular functions or homophilic PECAM-1 interactions, but rather by conformational changes within the cell adhesion molecule induced by ligand binding. This mechanism, mediated by exposure of partially occult epitopes, is likely to occur in molecules other than PECAM-1 and may represent a generalizable phenomenon with valuable practical applications.
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19
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Nandi S, Brown AC. Platelet-mimetic strategies for modulating the wound environment and inflammatory responses. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1138-48. [PMID: 27190260 PMCID: PMC4950360 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216647126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets closely interface with the immune system to fight pathogens, target wound sites, and regulate tissue repair. Natural platelet levels within the body can be depleted for a variety of reasons, including excessive bleeding following traumatic injury, or diseases such as cancer and bacterial or viral infections. Platelet transfusions are commonly used to improve platelet count and hemostatic function in these cases, but transfusions can be complicated by the contamination risks and short storage life of donated platelets. Lyophilized platelets that can be freeze-dried and stored for longer periods of time and synthetic platelet-mimetic technologies that can enhance or replace the functions of natural platelets, while minimizing adverse immune responses have been explored as alternatives to transfusion. Synthetic platelets typically comprise nanoparticles surface-decorated with peptides or ligands to recreate specific biological characteristics of platelets, including targeting of wound and disease sites and facilitating platelet aggregation. Recent efforts in synthetic platelet design have additionally focused on matching platelet shape and mechanics to recreate the marginalization and clot contraction capabilities of natural platelets. The ability to specifically tune the properties of synthetic platelet-mimetic materials has shown utility in a variety of applications including hemostasis, drug delivery, and targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Nandi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel-Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel-Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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20
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Millar FR, Summers C, Griffiths MJ, Toshner MR, Proudfoot AG. The pulmonary endothelium in acute respiratory distress syndrome: insights and therapeutic opportunities. Thorax 2016; 71:462-73. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Greineder CF, Hood ED, Yao A, Khoshnejad M, Brenner JS, Johnston IH, Poncz M, Gottstein C, Muzykantov VR. Molecular engineering of high affinity single-chain antibody fragment for endothelial targeting of proteins and nanocarriers in rodents and humans. J Control Release 2016; 226:229-37. [PMID: 26855052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) represent an important target for pharmacologic intervention, given their central role in a wide variety of human pathophysiologic processes. Studies in lab animal species have established that conjugation of drugs and carriers with antibodies directed to surface targets like the Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1, a highly expressed endothelial transmembrane protein) help to achieve specific therapeutic interventions in ECs. To translate such "vascular immunotargeting" to clinical practice, it is necessary to replace antibodies by advanced ligands that are more amenable to use in humans. We report the molecular design of a single chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) that binds with high affinity to human PECAM-1 and cross-reacts with its counterpart in rats and other animal species, allowing parallel testing in vivo and in human endothelial cells in microfluidic model. Site-specific modification of the scFv allows conjugation of protein cargo and liposomes, enabling their endothelial targeting in these models. This study provides a template for molecular engineering of ligands, enabling studies of drug targeting in animal species and subsequent use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Greineder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Anning Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jake S Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ian H Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Claudia Gottstein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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22
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Khoshnejad M, Shuvaev VV, Pulsipher KW, Dai C, Hood ED, Arguiri E, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Dmochowski IJ, Greineder CF, Muzykantov VR. Vascular Accessibility of Endothelial Targeted Ferritin Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:628-37. [PMID: 26718023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeting nanocarriers to the endothelium, using affinity ligands to cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 and PECAM-1, holds promise to improve the pharmacotherapy of many disease conditions. This approach capitalizes on the observation that antibody-targeted carriers of 100 nm and above accumulate in the pulmonary vasculature more effectively than free antibodies. Targeting of prospective nanocarriers in the 10-50 nm range, however, has not been studied. To address this intriguing issue, we conjugated monoclonal antibodies (Ab) to ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 or their single chain antigen-binding fragments (scFv) to ferritin nanoparticles (FNPs, size 12 nm), thereby producing Ab/FNPs and scFv/FNPs. Targeted FNPs retained their typical symmetric core-shell structure with sizes of 20-25 nm and ∼4-5 Ab (or ∼7-9 scFv) per particle. Ab/FNPs and scFv/FNPs, but not control IgG/FNPs, bound specifically to cells expressing target molecules and accumulated in the lungs after intravenous injection, with pulmonary targeting an order of magnitude higher than free Ab. Most intriguing, the targeting of Ab/FNPs to ICAM-1, but not PECAM-1, surpassed that of larger Ab/carriers targeted by the same ligand. These results indicate that (i) FNPs may provide a platform for targeting endothelial adhesion molecules with carriers in the 20 nm size range, which has not been previously reported; and (ii) ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 (known to localize in different domains of endothelial plasmalemma) differ in their accessibility to circulating objects of this size, common for blood components and nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Evguenia Arguiri
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , 835W Gates Building, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , 835W Gates Building, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Shuvaev VV, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Targeted endothelial nanomedicine for common acute pathological conditions. J Control Release 2015; 219:576-595. [PMID: 26435455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium, a thin monolayer of specialized cells lining the lumen of blood vessels is the key regulatory interface between blood and tissues. Endothelial abnormalities are implicated in many diseases, including common acute conditions with high morbidity and mortality lacking therapy, in part because drugs and drug carriers have no natural endothelial affinity. Precise endothelial drug delivery may improve management of these conditions. Using ligands of molecules exposed to the bloodstream on the endothelial surface enables design of diverse targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents. Target molecules and binding epitopes must be accessible to drug carriers, carriers must be free of harmful effects, and targeting should provide desirable sub-cellular addressing of the drug cargo. The roster of current candidate target molecules for endothelial nanomedicine includes peptidases and other enzymes, cell adhesion molecules and integrins, localized in different domains of the endothelial plasmalemma and differentially distributed throughout the vasculature. Endowing carriers with an affinity to specific endothelial epitopes enables an unprecedented level of precision of control of drug delivery: binding to selected endothelial cell phenotypes, cellular addressing and duration of therapeutic effects. Features of nanocarrier design such as choice of epitope and ligand control delivery and effect of targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents. Pathological factors modulate endothelial targeting and uptake of nanocarriers. Selection of optimal binding sites and design features of nanocarriers are key controllable factors that can be iteratively engineered based on their performance from in vitro to pre-clinical in vivo experimental models. Targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other therapeutic effects unattainable by non-targeted counterparts in animal models of common acute severe human disease conditions. The results of animal studies provide the basis for the challenging translation endothelial nanomedicine into the clinical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Chacko AM, Han J, Greineder CF, Zern BJ, Mikitsh JL, Nayak M, Menon D, Johnston IH, Poncz M, Eckmann DM, Davies PF, Muzykantov VR. Collaborative Enhancement of Endothelial Targeting of Nanocarriers by Modulating Platelet-Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/CD31 Epitope Engagement. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6785-6793. [PMID: 26153796 PMCID: PMC4761649 DOI: 10.1021/nn505672x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers (NCs) coated with antibodies (Abs) to extracellular epitopes of the transmembrane glycoprotein PECAM (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1/CD31) enable targeted drug delivery to vascular endothelial cells. Recent studies revealed that paired Abs directed to adjacent, yet distinct epitopes of PECAM stimulate each other's binding to endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo ("collaborative enhancement"). This phenomenon improves targeting of therapeutic fusion proteins, yet its potential role in targeting multivalent NCs has not been addressed. Herein, we studied the effects of Ab-mediated collaborative enhancement on multivalent NC spheres coated with PECAM Abs (Ab/NC, ∼180 nm diameter). We found that PECAM Abs do mutually enhance endothelial cell binding of Ab/NC coated by paired, but not "self" Ab. In vitro, collaborative enhancement of endothelial binding of Ab/NC by paired Abs is modulated by Ab/NC avidity, epitope selection, and flow. Cell fixation, but not blocking of endocytosis, obliterated collaborative enhancement of Ab/NC binding, indicating that the effect is mediated by molecular reorganization of PECAM molecules in the endothelial plasmalemma. The collaborative enhancement of Ab/NC binding was affirmed in vivo. Intravascular injection of paired Abs enhanced targeting of Ab/NC to pulmonary vasculature in mice by an order of magnitude. This stimulatory effect greatly exceeded enhancement of Ab targeting by paired Abs, indicating that '"collaborative enhancement"' effect is even more pronounced for relatively large multivalent carriers versus free Abs, likely due to more profound consequences of positive alteration of epitope accessibility. This phenomenon provides a potential paradigm for optimizing the endothelial-targeted nanocarrier delivery of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Chacko
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jingyan Han
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Colin F. Greineder
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Blaine J. Zern
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John L. Mikitsh
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Madhura Nayak
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Divya Menon
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ian H. Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David M. Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Peter F. Davies
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R. Muzykantov
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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