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Park JS, Woo SJ, Song CS, Han JY. Modification of surface glycan by expression of beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase (B4GALNT2) confers resistance to multiple viruses infection in chicken fibroblast cell. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1160600. [PMID: 37483287 PMCID: PMC10358734 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1160600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infectious viruses in poultry, such as avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), are one of the most major threats to the poultry industry, resulting in enormous economic losses. AIVs and NDVs preferentially recognize α-2,3-linked sialic acid to bind to target cells. The human beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) modifies α-2,3-linked sialic acid-containing glycan by transferring N-acetylgalactosamine to the sub-terminal galactose of the glycan, thus playing a pivotal role in preventing viruses from binding to cell surfaces. However, chickens lack a homolog of the B4GALNT2 gene. Methods Here, we precisely tagged the human B4GALNT2 gene downstream of the chicken GAPDH so that the engineered cells constitutively express the human B4GALNT2. We performed a lectin binding assay to analyze the modification of α-2,3-linked sialic acid-containing glycan by human B4GALNT2. Additionally, we infected the cells with AIV and NDV and compared cell survivability, viral gene transcription, and viral titer using the WST-1 assay, RT-qPCR and TCID50 assay, respectively. Results We validated human B4GALNT2 successfully modified α-2,3-linked sialic acid-containing glycan in chicken DF-1 cells. Following viral infection, we showed that human B4GALNT2 reduced infection of two AIV subtypes and NDV at 12-, 24-, and 36-hours post-infection. Moreover, cells expressing human B4GALNT2 showed significantly higher cell survivability compared to wild-type DF-1 cells, and viral gene expression was significantly reduced in the cells expressing human B4GALNT2. Discussion Collectively, these results suggest that artificially expressing human B4GALNT2 in chicken is a promising strategy to acquire broad resistance against infectious viruses with a preference for α-2,3-linked sialic acids such as AIV and NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Se Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Je Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seon Song
- Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim YM, Woo SJ, Han JY. Strategies for the Generation of Gene Modified Avian Models: Advancement in Avian Germline Transmission, Genome Editing, and Applications. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040899. [PMID: 37107658 PMCID: PMC10137648 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian models are valuable for studies of development and reproduction and have important implications for food production. Rapid advances in genome-editing technologies have enabled the establishment of avian species as unique agricultural, industrial, disease-resistant, and pharmaceutical models. The direct introduction of genome-editing tools, such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, into early embryos has been achieved in various animal taxa. However, in birds, the introduction of the CRISPR system into primordial germ cells (PGCs), a germline-competent stem cell, is considered a much more reliable approach for the development of genome-edited models. After genome editing, PGCs are transplanted into the embryo to establish germline chimera, which are crossed to produce genome-edited birds. In addition, various methods, including delivery by liposomal and viral vectors, have been employed for gene editing in vivo. Genome-edited birds have wide applications in bio-pharmaceutical production and as models for disease resistance and biological research. In conclusion, the application of the CRISPR system to avian PGCs is an efficient approach for the production of genome-edited birds and transgenic avian models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Je Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Han
- Avinnogen Co., Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Han JY, Lee HJ. Genome Editing Mediated by Primordial Germ Cell in Chicken. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2637:301-312. [PMID: 36773156 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3016-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing technology has facilitated the studies on exploring specific gene functions in diverse living organisms. The technology has also contributed to creating high-value livestock in industry fields in terms of enhancing productivity or acquiring disease resistance. Particularly, applying genome editing technologies in avian species has been emphasized in both academic and industrial fields due to their unique developmental patterns as well as application possibilities. To accomplish genome editing in avian species, gene integration into chicken primordial germ cell (PGC) genome using a virus or transposition systems has been widely used, and recently developed programmable genome editing technologies including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas9) systems enable to edit the genetic information precisely for maximizing the application potentials of avian species. In these regards, this chapter will cover the methods for producing genome-edited chickens, particularly by CRISPR/Cas9 technologies allowing targeted gene insertion, gene knockout, and gene tagging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hong Jo Lee
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Jung KM, Park KJ, Kim YM, Han JY. Efficient gene delivery into the embryonic chicken brain using neuron-specific promoters and in ovo electroporation. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:25. [PMID: 36056347 PMCID: PMC9440574 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chicken in ovo model is an attractive system to explore underlying mechanisms of neural and brain development, and it is important to develop effective genetic modification techniques that permit analyses of gene functions in vivo. Although electroporation and viral vector-mediated gene delivery techniques have been used to introduce exogenous DNA into chicken embryonic cells, transducing neurons efficiently and specifically remains challenging.
Methods In the present study, we performed a comparative study of the ubiquitous CMV promoter and three neuron-specific promoters, chicken Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (cCaMKII), chicken Nestin (cNestin), and human synapsin I. We explored the possibility of manipulating gene expression in chicken embryonic brain cells using in ovo electroporation with the selected promoters.
Results Transgene expression by two neuron-specific promoters (cCaMKII and cNestin) was preliminarily verified in vitro in cultured brain cells, and in vivo, expression levels of an EGFP transgene in brain cells by neuron-specific promoters were comparable to or higher than those of the ubiquitous CMV promoter. Overexpression of the FOXP2 gene driven by the cNestin promoter in brain cells significantly affected expression levels of target genes, CNTNAP2 and ELAVL4. Conclusion We demonstrated that exogenous DNA can be effectively introduced into neuronal cells in living embryos by in ovo electroporation with constructs containing neuron-specific promoters. In ovo electroporation offers an easier and more efficient way to manipulate gene expression during embryonic development, and this technique will be useful for neuron-targeted transgene expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-022-00756-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Je Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Dehdilani N, Taemeh SY, Goshayeshi L, Dehghani H. Genetically engineered birds; pre-CRISPR and CRISPR era. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:24-46. [PMID: 34668968 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating biopharmaceuticals in genetically engineered bioreactors continues to reign supreme. Hence, genetically engineered birds have attracted considerable attention from the biopharmaceutical industry. Fairly recent genome engineering methods have made genome manipulation an easy and affordable task. In this review, we first provide a broad overview of the approaches and main impediments ahead of generating efficient and reliable genetically engineered birds, and various factors that affect the fate of a transgene. This section provides an essential background for the rest of the review, in which we discuss and compare different genome manipulation methods in the pre-CRISPR and CRISPR era in the field of avian genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Dehdilani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Yousefi Taemeh
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lena Goshayeshi
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Girskis KM, Stergachis AB, DeGennaro EM, Doan RN, Qian X, Johnson MB, Wang PP, Sejourne GM, Nagy MA, Pollina EA, Sousa AMM, Shin T, Kenny CJ, Scotellaro JL, Debo BM, Gonzalez DM, Rento LM, Yeh RC, Song JHT, Beaudin M, Fan J, Kharchenko PV, Sestan N, Greenberg ME, Walsh CA. Rewiring of human neurodevelopmental gene regulatory programs by human accelerated regions. Neuron 2021; 109:3239-3251.e7. [PMID: 34478631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human accelerated regions (HARs) are the fastest-evolving regions of the human genome, and many are hypothesized to function as regulatory elements that drive human-specific gene regulatory programs. We interrogate the in vitro enhancer activity and in vivo epigenetic landscape of more than 3,100 HARs during human neurodevelopment, demonstrating that many HARs appear to act as neurodevelopmental enhancers and that sequence divergence at HARs has largely augmented their neuronal enhancer activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate PPP1R17 to be a putative HAR-regulated gene that has undergone remarkable rewiring of its cell type and developmental expression patterns between non-primates and primates and between non-human primates and humans. Finally, we show that PPP1R17 slows neural progenitor cell cycle progression, paralleling the cell cycle length increase seen predominantly in primate and especially human neurodevelopment. Our findings establish HARs as key components in rewiring human-specific neurodevelopmental gene regulatory programs and provide an integrated resource to study enhancer activity of specific HARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Girskis
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew B Stergachis
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ellen M DeGennaro
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan N Doan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuyu Qian
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew B Johnson
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter P Wang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Sejourne
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Aurel Nagy
- Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Pollina
- Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - André M M Sousa
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Taehwan Shin
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Connor J Kenny
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia L Scotellaro
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian M Debo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dilenny M Gonzalez
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lariza M Rento
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Yeh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet H T Song
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Beaudin
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Fan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Greenberg
- Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lee HJ, Seo M, Choi HJ, Rengaraj D, Jung KM, Park JS, Lee KY, Kim YM, Park KJ, Han ST, Lee KH, Yao HHC, Han JY. DMRT1 gene disruption alone induces incomplete gonad feminization in chicken. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21876. [PMID: 34449112 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100902r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the well-described XY sex determination system in mammals, the avian ZW sex determination system is poorly understood. Knockdown and overexpression studies identified doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1) as the testis-determining gene in chicken. However, the detailed effects of DMRT1 gene disruption from embryonic to adult development are not clear. Herein, we have generated DMRT1-disrupted chickens using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 system, followed by an analysis of physiological, hormonal, and molecular changes in the genome-modified chickens. In the early stages of male chicken development, disruption of DMRT1 induced gonad feminization with extensive physiological and molecular changes; however, functional feminine reproductivity could not be implemented with disturbed hormone synthesis. Subsequent RNA-sequencing analysis of the DMRT1-disrupted chicken gonads revealed gene networks, including several novel genes linearly and non-linearly associated with DMRT1, which are involved in gonad feminization. By comparing the gonads of wild type with the genome-modified chickens, a set of genes were identified that is involved in the ZW sex determination system independent of DMRT1. Our results extend beyond the Z-dosage hypothesis to provide further information about the avian ZW sex determination system and epigenetic effects of gonad feminization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minseok Seo
- Department of Computer Convergence Software, Korea University, Sejong Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deivendran Rengaraj
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Se Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Je Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Taek Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyuk Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Humphrey Hung-Chang Yao
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Jung KM, Kim YM, Kim JL, Han JY. Efficient gene transfer into zebra finch germline-competent stem cells using an adenoviral vector system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14746. [PMID: 34285320 PMCID: PMC8292312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebra finch is a representative animal model for studying the molecular basis of human disorders of vocal development and communication. Accordingly, various functional studies of zebra finch have knocked down or introduced foreign genes in vivo; however, their germline transmission efficiency is remarkably low. The primordial germ cell (PGC)-mediated method is preferred for avian transgenic studies; however, use of this method is restricted in zebra finch due to the lack of an efficient gene transfer method for the germline. To target primary germ cells that are difficult to transfect and manipulate, an adenovirus-mediated gene transfer system with high efficiency in a wide range of cell types may be useful. Here, we isolated and characterized two types of primary germline-competent stem cells, PGCs and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), from embryonic and adult reproductive tissues of zebra finch and demonstrated that genes were most efficiently transferred into these cells using an adenovirus-mediated system. This system was successfully used to generate gene-edited PGCs in vitro. These results are expected to improve transgenic zebra finch production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Lee Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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9
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In vivo enrichment of busulfan-resistant germ cells for efficient production of transgenic avian models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9127. [PMID: 33911174 PMCID: PMC8080772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most transgenic animals are generated using a genome-modified stem cell system and genome modification directly in embryos. Although this system is well-established in the development of transgenic animals, donor cell-derived transgenic animal production is inefficient in some cases. Especially in avian models such as chickens, the efficiency of transgenic animal production through primordial germ cells (PGCs) is highly variable compared with embryonic manipulation of mammalian species. Because germ cell and germline-competent stem cell-mediated systems that contain the transgene are enriched only at the upstream level during cell cultivation, the efficiency of transgenic animal production is unreliable. Therefore, we developed an in vivo selection model to enhance the efficiency of transgenic chicken production using microsomal glutathione-S-transferase II (MGSTII)-overexpressing PGCs that are resistant to the alkylating agent busulfan, which induces germ cell-specific cytotoxicity. Under in vitro conditions, MGSTII-tg PGCs were resistant to 1 μM busulfan, which was highly toxic to wild-type PGCs. In germline chimeric roosters, transgene-expressing germ cells were dominantly colonized in the recipient testes after busulfan exposure compared with non-treated germline chimera. In validation of germline transmission, donor PGC-derived progeny production efficiency was 94.68%, and the transgene production rate of heterozygous transgenic chickens was significantly increased in chickens that received 40 mg/kg busulfan (80.33–95.23%) compared with that of non-treated germline chimeras (51.18%). This system is expected to significantly improve the efficiency of generating transgenic chickens and other animal species by increasing the distribution of donor cells in adult testes.
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Lee KY, Lee HJ, Choi HJ, Han ST, Lee KH, Park KJ, Park JS, Jung KM, Kim YM, Han HJ, Han JY. Highly elevated base excision repair pathway in primordial germ cells causes low base editing activity in chickens. FASEB J 2020; 34:15907-15921. [PMID: 33031594 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001065rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Base editing technology enables the generation of precisely genome-modified animal models. In this study, we applied base editing to chicken, an important livestock animal in the fields of agriculture, nutrition, and research through primordial germ cell (PGC)-mediated germline transmission. Using this approach, we successfully produced two genome-modified chicken lines harboring mutations in the genes encoding ovotransferrin (TF) and myostatin (MSTN); however, only 55.5% and 35.7% of genome-modified chickens had the desired base substitutions in TF and MSTN, respectively. To explain the low base-editing activity, we performed molecular analysis to compare DNA repair pathways between PGCs and the chicken fibroblast cell line DF-1. The results revealed that base excision repair (BER)-related genes were significantly elevated in PGCs relative to DF-1 cells. Subsequent functional studies confirmed that the editing activity could be regulated by modulating the expression of uracil N-glycosylase (UNG), an upstream gene of the BER pathway. Collectively, our findings indicate that the distinct DNA repair property of chicken PGCs causes low editing activity during genome modification, however, modulation of BER functions could promote the production of genome-modified organisms with the desired genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Youn Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Taek Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyuk Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Je Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Se Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Park YH, Chungu K, Lee SB, Woo SJ, Cho HY, Lee HJ, Rengaraj D, Lee JH, Song CS, Lim JM, Han JY. Host-Specific Restriction of Avian Influenza Virus Caused by Differential Dynamics of ANP32 Family Members. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:71-80. [PMID: 31581291 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza viruses must utilize host factors to complete their lifecycle. Species-specific differences in host factors between birds and mammals mean that avian influenza viruses (AIVs) replicate well in avian hosts but not in human hosts. Acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A (ANP32A) has been identified as the host restriction factor for the viral polymerase (vPol) activity of AIVs. The ANP32A belongs to the conserved ANP32 family, the functional roles of which during viral replication remain unclear. METHODS In this study, we targeted chicken ANP32A using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated genome editing to examine the functional roles of ANP32A and other members of the ANP32 family. RESULTS We showed that chicken ANP32A only, not ANP32B and ANP32E, plays a pivotal role in supporting vPol activity of AIVs. Furthermore, we found that the human ANP32C, ANP32D, and ANP32E have suppressive effects on vPol activity in contrast to human ANP32A and ANP32B. CONCLUSIONS Chicken and human ANP32 family members had different effects on vPol activity, suggesting that species-specific vPol activity of AIVs could be caused by the differential functions and overall competency of ANP32 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kelly Chungu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Je Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yeon Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deivendran Rengaraj
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mook Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Jiang ZQ, Wu HY, Tian J, Li N, Hu XX. Targeting lentiviral vectors to primordial germ cells (PGCs): An efficient strategy for generating transgenic chickens. Zool Res 2020; 41:281-291. [PMID: 32274905 PMCID: PMC7231476 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in avian transgenic studies highlight the possibility of utilizing lentiviral vectors as tools to generate transgenic chickens. However, low rates of gonadal chimerism and germ line transmission efficiency still limit the broad usage of this method in creating transgenic chickens. In this study, we implemented a simple strategy using modified lentiviral vectors targeted to chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) to generate transgenic chickens. The lentiviral vectors were pseudotyped with a modified Sindbis virus envelope protein (termed M168) and conjugated with an antibody specific to PGC membrane proteins. We demonstrated that these optimized M168-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors conjugated with SSEA4 antibodies successfully targeted transduction of PGCs in vitro and in vivo. Compared with the control, 50.0%-66.7% of chicken embryos expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) in gonads transduced by the M168-pseudotyped lentivirus. This improved the targeted transduction efficiency by 30.0%-46.7%. Efficient chimerism of exogenous genes was also observed. This targeting technology could improve the efficiency of germ line transmission and provide greater opportunities for transgenic poultry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qin Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Han-Yu Wu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jing Tian
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Hu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. E-mail:
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13
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Goudy J, Henley T, Méndez HG, Bressan M. Simplified platform for mosaic in vivo analysis of cellular maturation in the developing heart. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10716. [PMID: 31341189 PMCID: PMC6656758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac cells develop within an elaborate electro-mechanical syncytium that continuously generates and reacts to biophysical force. The complexity of the cellular interactions, hemodynamic stresses, and electrical circuitry within the forming heart present significant challenges for mechanistic research into the cellular dynamics of cardiomyocyte maturation. Simply stated, it is prohibitively difficult to replicate the native electro-mechanical cardiac microenvironment in tissue culture systems favorable to high-resolution cellular/subcellular analysis, and current transgenic models of higher vertebrate heart development are limited in their ability to manipulate and assay the behavior of individual cells. As such, cardiac research currently lacks a simple experimental platform for real-time evaluation of cellular function under conditions that replicate native development. Here we report the design and validation of a rapid, low-cost system for stable in vivo somatic transgenesis that allows for individual cells to be genetically manipulated, tracked, and examined at subcellular resolution within the forming four-chambered heart. This experimental platform has several advantages over current technologies, chief among these being that mosaic cellular perturbations can be conducted without globally altering cardiac function. Consequently, direct analysis of cellular behavior can be interrogated in the absence of the organ level adaptions that often confound data interpretation in germline transgenic model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Goudy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.,McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Trevor Henley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.,McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Hernán G Méndez
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Michael Bressan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA. .,McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
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14
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Lee HJ, Yoon JW, Jung KM, Kim YM, Park JS, Lee KY, Park KJ, Hwang YS, Park YH, Rengaraj D, Han JY. Targeted gene insertion into Z chromosome of chicken primordial germ cells for avian sexing model development. FASEB J 2019; 33:8519-8529. [PMID: 30951374 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802671r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) have facilitated the production of genome-edited animals for use as models. Because of their unique developmental system, avian species offer many advantages as model vertebrates. Here, we report the development of novel chicken models using the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated nonhomologous end joining repair pathway in chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). Through the introduction of a donor plasmid containing short guide RNA recognition sequences and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids into chicken PGCs, exogenous genes of donor plasmids were precisely inserted into target loci, and production of transgenic chickens was accomplished through subsequent transplantation of the Z chromosome-targeted PGCs. Using this method, we successfully accomplished the targeted gene insertion to the chicken sex Z chromosome without detected off-target effects. The genome-modified chickens robustly expressed green fluorescent protein from the Z chromosome, which could then be used for easy sex identification during embryogenesis. Our results suggest that this powerful genome-editing method could be used to develop many chicken models and should significantly expand the application of genome-modified avians.-Lee, H. J., Yoon, J. W., Jung, K. M., Kim, Y. M., Park, J. S., Lee, K. Y., Park, K. J., Hwang, Y. S., Park, Y. H., Rengaraj, D., Han, J. Y. Targeted gene insertion into Z chromosome of chicken primordial germ cells for avian sexing model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Won Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Se Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Je Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deivendran Rengaraj
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Vilches-Moure JG. Embryonic Chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus) as a Model of Cardiac Biology and Development. Comp Med 2019; 69:184-203. [PMID: 31182184 PMCID: PMC6591676 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the top contributors to morbidity and mortality in the United States. Increasing evidence suggests that many processes, pathways, and programs observed during development and organogenesis are recapitulated in adults in the face of disease. Therefore, a heightened understanding of cardiac development and organogenesis will help increase our understanding of developmental defects and cardiovascular diseases in adults. Chicks have long served as a model system in which to study developmental problems. Detailed descriptions of morphogenesis, low cost, accessibility, ease of manipulation, and the optimization of genetic engineering techniques have made chicks a robust model for studying development and make it a powerful platform for cardiovascular research. This review summarizes the cardiac developmental milestones of embryonic chickens, practical considerations when working with chicken embryos, and techniques available for use in chicks (including tissue chimeras, genetic manipulations, and live imaging). In addition, this article highlights examples that accentuate the utility of the embryonic chicken as model system in which to study cardiac development, particularly epicardial development, and that underscore the importance of how studying development informs our understanding of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Vilches-Moure
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California,
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16
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Lee HJ, Park KJ, Lee KY, Yao Y, Nair V, Han JY. Sequential disruption of ALV host receptor genes reveals no sharing of receptors between ALV subgroups A, B, and J. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:23. [PMID: 30976416 PMCID: PMC6444617 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we showed that targeted disruption of viral receptor genes in avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroups using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9))-based genome editing confers resistance to ALV subgroups B and J. Here, we used the same strategy to target the receptor expressed by ALV subgroup A (TVA) and generate chicken cells resistant to infection by this virus. Results CRISPR/Cas9-based disruption of exon 2 within the tva gene of DF-1 fibroblasts conferred resistance to infection by ALV subgroup A regardless of whether frameshift mutations were introduced during editing. Conversely, overexpression of the wild-type TVA receptor (wtTVA) by tva-modified DF-1 clones restored susceptibility to ALV subgroup A. The results confirm that exon 2, which contains the low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain of TVA, is critical for virus entry. Furthermore, we sequentially modified DF-1 cells by editing the tva, tvb, and Na+/H+ exchange 1 (chNHE1) genes, which are the specific receptors for ALV subgroups A, B, and J, respectively. Conclusions Simultaneous editing of multiple receptors to block infection by different subgroups of ALV confirmed that ALV subgroups A, B, and J do not share host receptors. This strategy could be used to generate cells resistant to multiple viral pathogens that use distinct receptors for cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Lee
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Kyung Je Park
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- 2The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF UK
| | | | - Jae Yong Han
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
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17
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A single reporter mouse line for Vika, Flp, Dre, and Cre-recombination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14453. [PMID: 30262904 PMCID: PMC6160450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific recombinases (SSR) are utilized as important genome engineering tools to precisely modify the genome of mice and other model organisms. Reporter mice that mark cells that at any given time had expressed the enzyme are frequently used for lineage tracing and to characterize newly generated mice expressing a recombinase from a chosen promoter. With increasing sophistication of genome alteration strategies, the demand for novel SSR systems that efficiently and specifically recombine their targets is rising and several SSR-systems are now used in combination to address complex biological questions in vivo. Generation of reporter mice for each one of these recombinases is cumbersome and increases the number of mouse lines that need to be maintained in animal facilities. Here we present a multi-reporter mouse line for loci-of-recombination (X) (MuX) that streamlines the characterization of mice expressing prominent recombinases. MuX mice constitutively express nuclear green fluorescent protein after recombination by either Cre, Flp, Dre or Vika recombinase, rationalizing the number of animal lines that need to be maintained. We also pioneer the use of the Vika/vox system in mice, illustrating its high efficacy and specificity, thereby facilitating future designs of sophisticated recombinase-based in vivo genome engineering strategies.
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18
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Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs), precursors of functional gametes, offer great promise for the use of genetic resources and transgenesis in chickens. PGCs can be isolated from the developing embryo at diverse early stages and are subsequently expandable in vitro. In vitro proliferating chicken PGCs can facilitate the production of efficient germline chimeras and transgenic chickens. Here, we describe methods to isolate and characterize PGCs from chicken embryos and their application to transgenesis.
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19
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Long-term in vitro culture and preliminary establishment of chicken primordial germ cell lines. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196459. [PMID: 29709001 PMCID: PMC5927411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursors of functional gametes and can be used as efficient transgenic tools and carriers in bioreactors. Few methods for long-term culture of PGCs are available. In this study, we tested various culture conditions for PGCs, and used the optimum culture system to culture chicken gonad PGCs for about three hundred days. Long-term-cultured PGCs were detected and characterized by karyotype analysis, immunocytochemical staining of SSEA-1, c-kit, Sox2, cDAZL, and quantitative RT-PCR for specific genes like Tert, DAZL, POUV, and NANOG. Cultured PGCs labeled with PKH26 were reinjected into Stage X recipient embryos and into the dorsal aorta of Stage 14–17 embryos to assay their ability of migration into the germinal crescent and gonads, respectively. In conclusion, the most suitable culture system for PGCs is as follows: feeder layer cells treated with 20 μg/mL mitomycin C for 2 hours, and with 50% conditioned medium added to the factor culture medium. PGCs cultured in this system retain their pluripotency and the unique ability of migration without transformation, indicating the successful preliminary establishment of chicken primordial germ cell lines and these PGCs can be considered for use as carriers in transgenic bioreactors.
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20
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Han JY, Park YH. Primordial germ cell-mediated transgenesis and genome editing in birds. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:19. [PMID: 29423217 PMCID: PMC5791193 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenesis and genome editing in birds are based on a unique germline transmission system using primordial germ cells (PGCs), which is quite different from the mammalian transgenic and genome editing system. PGCs are progenitor cells of gametes that can deliver genetic information to the next generation. Since avian PGCs were first discovered in nineteenth century, there have been numerous efforts to reveal their origin, specification, and unique migration pattern, and to improve germline transmission efficiency. Recent advances in the isolation and in vitro culture of avian PGCs with genetic manipulation and genome editing tools enable the development of valuable avian models that were unavailable before. However, many challenges remain in the production of transgenic and genome-edited birds, including the precise control of germline transmission, introduction of exogenous genes, and genome editing in PGCs. Therefore, establishing reliable germline-competent PGCs and applying precise genome editing systems are critical current issues in the production of avian models. Here, we introduce a historical overview of avian PGCs and their application, including improved techniques and methodologies in the production of transgenic and genome-edited birds, and we discuss the future potential applications of transgenic and genome-edited birds to provide opportunities and benefits for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yong Han
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea.,2Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598 Japan
| | - Young Hyun Park
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
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21
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Lee HJ, Kim YM, Ono T, Han JY. Genome Modification Technologies and Their Applications in Avian Species. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112245. [PMID: 29072628 PMCID: PMC5713215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of genome modification technology has provided many great benefits in diverse areas of research and industry. Genome modification technologies have also been actively used in a variety of research areas and fields of industry in avian species. Transgenic technologies such as lentiviral systems and piggyBac transposition have been used to produce transgenic birds for diverse purposes. In recent years, newly developed programmable genome editing tools such as transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) have also been successfully adopted in avian systems with primordial germ cell (PGC)-mediated genome modification. These genome modification technologies are expected to be applied to practical uses beyond system development itself. The technologies could be used to enhance economic traits in poultry such as acquiring a disease resistance or producing functional proteins in eggs. Furthermore, novel avian models of human diseases or embryonic development could also be established for research purposes. In this review, we discuss diverse genome modification technologies used in avian species, and future applications of avian biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Tamao Ono
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
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22
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Lee HJ, Lee KY, Park YH, Choi HJ, Yao Y, Nair V, Han JY. Acquisition of resistance to avian leukosis virus subgroup B through mutations on tvb cysteine-rich domains in DF-1 chicken fibroblasts. Vet Res 2017; 48:48. [PMID: 28903753 PMCID: PMC5598054 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a retrovirus that causes tumors in avian species, and its vertical and horizontal transmission in poultry flocks results in enormous economic losses. Despite the discovery of specific host receptors, there have been few reports on the modulation of viral susceptibility via genetic modification. We therefore engineered acquired resistance to ALV subgroup B using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technology in DF-1 chicken fibroblasts. Using this method, we efficiently modified the tumor virus locus B (tvb) gene, encoding the TVB receptor, which is essential for ALV subgroup B entry into host cells. By expanding individual DF-1 clones, we established that artificially generated premature stop codons in the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of TVB receptor confer resistance to ALV subgroup B. Furthermore, we found that a cysteine residue (C80) of CRD2 plays a crucial role in ALV subgroup B entry. These results suggest that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing can be used to efficiently modify avian cells and establish novel chicken cell lines with resistance to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
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