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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension forms the first and most severe of the 5 categories of pulmonary hypertension. Disease pathogenesis is driven by progressive remodeling of peripheral pulmonary arteries, caused by the excessive proliferation of vascular wall cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, and perivascular inflammation. Compelling evidence from animal models suggests endothelial cell dysfunction is a key initial trigger of pulmonary vascular remodeling, which is characterised by hyperproliferation and early apoptosis followed by enrichment of apoptosis-resistant populations. Dysfunctional pulmonary arterial endothelial cells lose their ability to produce vasodilatory mediators, together leading to augmented pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell responses, increased pulmonary vascular pressures and right ventricular afterload, and progressive right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. It is recognized that a range of abnormal cellular molecular signatures underpin the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and are enhanced by loss-of-function mutations in the BMPR2 gene, the most common genetic cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension and associated with worse disease prognosis. Widespread metabolic abnormalities are observed in the heart, pulmonary vasculature, and systemic tissues, and may underpin heterogeneity in responsivity to treatment. Metabolic abnormalities include hyperglycolytic reprogramming, mitochondrial dysfunction, aberrant polyamine and sphingosine metabolism, reduced insulin sensitivity, and defective iron handling. This review critically discusses published mechanisms linking metabolic abnormalities with dysfunctional BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) signaling; hypothesized mechanistic links requiring further validation; and their relevance to pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis and the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona Cuthbertson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Heart and Lung Research Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Heart and Lung Research Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Caruso
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Heart and Lung Research Institute, United Kingdom
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Zhao JZ, Wang W, Liu T, Zhang L, Lin DZ, Yao JY, Peng X, Jin G, Ma TT, Gao JB, Huang F, Nie J, Lv Q. MYBL2 regulates de novo purine synthesis by transcriptionally activating IMPDH1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1290. [PMID: 36494680 PMCID: PMC9733023 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, alteration of nucleotide metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well-understood. MYBL2 regulates cell cycle progression and hepatocarcinogenesis, its role in metabolic regulation remains elusive. PATIENTS AND METHODS Copy number, mRNA and protein level of MYBL2 and IMPDH1 were analyzed in HCC, and correlated with patient survival. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation sequencing (Chip-seq) and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) were used to explore the relationship between MYBL2 and IMPDH1. Metabolomics were used to analyze how MYBL2 affected purine metabolism. The regulating effect of MYBL2 in HCC was further validated in vivo using xenograft models. RESULTS The Results showed that copy-number alterations of MYBL2 occur in about 10% of human HCC. Expression of MYBL2, IMPDH1, or combination of both were significantly upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in HCC. Correlation, ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR analysis revealed that MYBL2 activates transcription of IMPDH1, while knock-out of MYBL2 retarded IMPDH1 expression and inhibited proliferation of HCC cells. Metabolomic analysis post knocking-out of MYBL2 demonstrated that it was essential in de novo purine synthesis, especially guanine nucleotides. In vivo analysis using xenograft tumors also revealed MYBL2 regulated purine synthesis by regulating IMPDH1, and thus, influencing tumor progression. CONCLUSION MYBL2 is a key regulator of purine synthesis and promotes HCC progression by transcriptionally activating IMPDH1, it could be a potential candidate for targeted therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Zhang Zhao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China ,grid.488525.6Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China ,grid.488525.6Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China ,grid.488525.6Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- grid.488525.6Department of Pancreatic-hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Zheng Lin
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 510655 Guangzhou, China ,grid.488525.6Department of Endoscopic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yin Yao
- grid.488525.6Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- grid.488525.6Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Jin
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Jiangnan Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43022 Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Ma
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Bo Gao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43022 Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Nie
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43022 Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Lv
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
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PGC1α Cooperates with FOXA1 to Regulate Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition through the TCF4-TWIST1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158247. [PMID: 35897813 PMCID: PMC9332154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) is a critical transcriptional coactivator that maintains metabolic homeostasis and energy expenditure by cooperating with various transcription factors. Recent studies have shown that PGC1α deficiency promotes lung cancer metastasis to the bone through activation of TCF4 and TWIST1-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is suppressed by the inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1); however, it is not clear which transcription factor participates in PGC1α-mediated EMT and lung cancer metastasis. Here, we identified forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) as a potential transcription factor that coordinates with PGC1α and ID1 for EMT gene expression using transcriptome analysis. Cooperation between FOXA1 and PGC1α inhibits promoter occupancy of TCF4 and TWIST1 on CDH1 and CDH2 proximal promoter regions due to increased ID1, consequently regulating the expression of EMT-related genes such as CDH1, CDH2, VIM, and PTHLH. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), a major EMT-promoting factor, was found to decrease ID1 due to the suppression of FOXA1 and PGC1α. In addition, ectopic expression of ID1, FOXA1, and PGC1α reversed TGFβ1-induced EMT gene expression. Our findings suggest that FOXA1- and PGC1α-mediated ID1 expression involves EMT by suppressing TCF4 and TWIST1 in response to TGFβ1. Taken together, this transcriptional framework is a promising molecular target for the development of therapeutic strategies for lung cancer metastasis.
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Han Z, Wang X, Li X, Yuan P, Ji S, Liu Q. A‑kinase interacting protein 1 regulates the cell proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells and affects the ERK/c‑Myc signaling pathway by binding to Rac1. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:558. [PMID: 35978938 PMCID: PMC9366277 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A-kinase interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) has previously been demonstrated to be overexpressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues and is associated with patient prognosis. The aim of the present study was to explore whether AKIP1 can affect the proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis of ccRCC cells via its interaction with Rac1. Furthermore, the influence of AKIP1 and therefore Rac1 on the expression of the downstream ERK/cellular (c)-Myc signaling pathway was explored. The interaction between AKIP1 and Rac1 was determined using co-immunoprecipitation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of AKIP1 and Rac1 in normal renal epithelial cell lines and ccRCC cell lines were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting, respectively. The transfection efficiency of small interfering RNA-AKIP1 and the Rac1 overexpression vector were also confirmed using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The viability, proliferation, invasion and migration of ccRCC cells following transfection were analyzed using the Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The tube formation ability of HUVECs was assessed using the tube formation assay. The protein expression levels of proliferation, invasion, migration and tube-formation-associated proteins as well as proteins associated with the ERK/c-Myc signaling pathway, were detected via western blotting. The results demonstrated that AKIP1 expression levels were increased in ccRCC cell lines. AKIP1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of ccRCC cells and HUVEC tube-formation. In addition, AKIP1 was demonstrated to bind to Rac1 in ccRCC cells and AKIP1 downregulation inhibited Rac1 expression. Furthermore, Rac1 overexpression reversed the effects of AKIP1 knockdown on ccRCC cells. AKIP1 knockdown also suppressed the ERK/c-Myc signaling pathway, which was reversed by Rac1 overexpression. In conclusion, AKIP1 knockdown potentially suppressed the proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis of ccRCC cells and inhibited the ERK/c-Myc signaling pathway by binding to Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Zhixing Han
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Xuyu Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Ji
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
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Chen J, LaGue E, Li J, Yang C, Hackett EP, Mendoza M, Alger JR, DeBerardinis RJ, Corbin IR, Billingsley KL, Park JM. Profiling Carbohydrate Metabolism in Liver and Hepatocellular Carcinoma with [ 13C]-Glycerate Probes. ANALYSIS & SENSING 2021; 1:196-202. [PMID: 35693130 PMCID: PMC9187054 DOI: 10.1002/anse.202100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is central to carbohydrate metabolism. Here, we describe novel methods to assess carbohydrate metabolism using [13C]-probes derived from glycerate, a molecule whose metabolic fate in mammals remains underexplored. Isotope-based studies were conducted via NMR and mass spectrometry analyses of freeze-clamped liver tissue extracts after [2,3-13C2]glycerate infusion. The ex vivo investigations were correlated with in vivo measurements using hyperpolarized [1-13C]glycerate. Application of [13C]glycerate to N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-treated rats provided further assessments of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. This method afforded direct analyses of control versus DEN tissues, and altered ratios of 13C metabolic products as well as unique glycolysis intermediates were observed in the DEN liver/tumor. Isotopomer studies showed increased glycerate uptake and altered carbohydrate metabolism in the DEN rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
| | - Evan LaGue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 State College Blvd. Fullerton, CA 92834-6866 (USA)
| | - Junjie Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
| | - Chendong Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8502 (USA)
| | - Edward P Hackett
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
| | - Manuel Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 State College Blvd. Fullerton, CA 92834-6866 (USA)
| | - Jeffry R Alger
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8502 (USA)
| | - Ian R Corbin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
| | - Kelvin L Billingsley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 State College Blvd. Fullerton, CA 92834-6866 (USA)
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
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Umar MI, Hassan W, Murtaza G, Buabeid M, Arafa E, Irfan HM, Asmawi MZ, Huang X. The Adipokine Component in the Molecular Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Proliferation and Metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609828. [PMID: 34588926 PMCID: PMC8473628 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A hormonal imbalance may disrupt the rigorously monitored cellular microenvironment by hampering the natural homeostatic mechanisms. The most common example of such hormonal glitch could be seen in obesity where the uprise in adipokine levels is in virtue of the expanding bulk of adipose tissue. Such aberrant endocrine signaling disrupts the regulation of cellular fate, rendering the cells to live in a tumor supportive microenvironment. Previously, it was believed that the adipokines support cancer proliferation and metastasis with no direct involvement in neoplastic transformations and tumorigenesis. However, the recent studies have reported discrete mechanisms that establish the direct involvement of adipokine signaling in tumorigenesis. Moreover, the individual adipokine profile of the patients has never been considered in the prognosis and staging of the disease. Hence, the present manuscript has focused on the reported extensive mechanisms that culminate the basis of poor prognosis and diminished survival rate in obese cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elshaimaa Arafa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Xianju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Li X, Han QC, Yu C, Luo YC, Wang F, Sun XH, Gao YQ, Tan WF, Xia Q. C-C chemokine hepatocellular carcinoma motif ligand 5-deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by affecting B cell recruitment. J Dig Dis 2021; 22:433-441. [PMID: 33978316 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore its role in regulating the immune microenvironment and the related mechanism in tumor immunity. METHODS The mRNA expression level of CCL5 in HCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. Serum CCL5 expression was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Ccl5-knockout (Ccl5-/- ) mice were utilized to conduct the diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC model. The immune cell population was determined by flow cytometry, and peripheral serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) level was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS CCL5 expression was low in HCC tissue and peripheral blood compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues or controls, and its expression was correlated with the overall survival, cancer recurrence and distant metastasis. In the HCC mouse model, liver-to-body weight ratio was of the Ccl5-/- group were higher than that of the WT group. Moreover, compared with the WT mice, the number of B cells in the tumor tissue of the Ccl5-/- mice was lower, while there were no significant differences in the other immune cell populations. Furthermore, serum IgM level of the Ccl5-/- mice was significantly lower than that of the WT mice. CONCLUSION CCL5 expression is decreased in HCC tissues. CCL5 deficiency reduces B cell recruitment and decreases IgM secretion in HCC, potentially leading to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu Cheng Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chun Luo
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Hua Sun
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Qiu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Feng Tan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Chen H, Nio K, Yamashita T, Okada H, Li R, Suda T, Li Y, Doan PTB, Seki A, Nakagawa H, Toyama T, Terashima T, Iida N, Shimakami T, Takatori H, Kawaguchi K, Sakai Y, Yamashita T, Mizukoshi E, Honda M, Kaneko S. BMP9-ID1 signaling promotes EpCAM-positive cancer stem cell properties in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2203-2218. [PMID: 33834612 PMCID: PMC8333780 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The malignant nature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Bone morphologic protein 9 (BMP9), a member of the transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) superfamily, was recently reported to be involved in liver diseases including cancer. We aimed to elucidate the role of BMP9 signaling in HCC‐CSC properties and to assess the therapeutic effect of BMP receptor inhibitors in HCC. We have identified that high BMP9 expression in tumor tissues or serum from patients with HCC leads to poorer outcome. BMP9 promoted CSC properties in epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)‐positive HCC subtype via enhancing inhibitor of DNA‐binding protein 1 (ID1) expression in vitro. Additionally, ID1 knockdown significantly repressed BMP9‐promoted HCC‐CSC properties by suppressing Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Interestingly, cells treated with BMP receptor inhibitors K02288 and LDN‐212854 blocked HCC‐CSC activation by inhibiting BMP9‐ID1 signaling, in contrast to cells treated with the TGF‐β receptor inhibitor galunisertib. Treatment with LDN‐212854 suppressed HCC tumor growth by repressing ID1 and EpCAM in vivo. Our study demonstrates the pivotal role of BMP9‐ID1 signaling in promoting HCC‐CSC properties and the therapeutic potential of BMP receptor inhibitors in treating EpCAM‐positive HCC. Therefore, targeting BMP9‐ID1 signaling could offer novel therapeutic options for patients with malignant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | - Kouki Nio
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of General MedicineKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | - Ru Li
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Suda
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | - Yingyi Li
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | | | - Akihiro Seki
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | | | - Tadashi Toyama
- Innovative Clinical Research CenterKanazawa UniversityJapan
| | | | - Noriho Iida
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | | | - Hajime Takatori
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | | | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | | | | | - Masao Honda
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of GastroenterologyKanazawa University HospitalJapan
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9
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Wang X, Zhao Y, Fei X, Lu Q, Li Y, Yuan Y, Lu C, Li C, Chen H. LEF1/Id3/HRAS axis promotes the tumorigenesis and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2392-2404. [PMID: 32760207 PMCID: PMC7378645 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) could promote the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the regulatory mechanism of LEF1 was not clear thoroughly. Herein, we continued to explore the downstream mechanism of LEF1 in ESCC. In this study, we applied western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, RNA-Seq analysis, a luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), bioinformatics analysis, and a series of functional assays in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that LEF1 regulated directly the expression of Id3. Id3 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues and correlated with histologic differentiation (p=0.011), pT stage (p<0.01) and AJCC stage (p<0.01) in ESCC patients. Moreover, Id3 could serve as a prognostic factor of ESCC. By various functional experiments, overexpression of Id3 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and tumorgenicity. Mechanistically, Id3 could regulate ERK/MAPK signaling pathway via activating HRAS to perform its biological function. Furthermore, activating ERK/MAPK signaling pathway promoted the expression of Id3 gene in turn, indicating that a positive regulatory loop between Id3 and ERK/MAPK pathway may exist in ESCC. In summary, LEF1/Id3/HRAS axis could promote the tumorigenesis and progression of ESCC via activating ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Targeting this cascade may provide a valid antitumor strategy to delay ESCC progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qijue Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chaojing Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunguang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hezhong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Nahálková J. Linking TPPII to the protein interaction and signalling networks. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 87:107291. [PMID: 32702546 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII) is primarily considered a house-keeping exopeptidase, which contributes to the functions of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by the maintenance of the cellular amino acid homeostasis. Although functionally well-characterised in vitro and using the mammalian cell models, less is known about the molecular mechanisms of its involvement in the signalling and metabolic pathways, which mediate its cellular functions. The present protein-protein interaction network analysis identified these mechanisms involved in the adaptive and innate immunity, the metabolism of the glucose, cancer cell growth, apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA damage responses. The interaction network constructed based on the publicly available protein-protein interaction data was extended by the application GeneMania, which was further used for the pathway enrichment, the protein function prediction and the protein node prioritisation analysis. The analysis suggested that the molecular mechanisms linked to the adaptive and innate immunity (ID, Kit receptor, BCR, IL-2 and G-CSF signalling; the regulation of NFκB), the aerobic glycolysis (ID and IL-2 signalling), tumorigenesis (TGF-β and p53 signalling; the top priority nodes MAPKs, mTOR regulation), diabetes (Kit receptor signalling; the top priority node GSK3β) and neurodegeneration (the control of mTOR and Aβ peptide degradation) are controlling the resulting TPPII interaction network. The uncharacterized interactions with two lung cancer suppressors (DOK3, DENND2D), a protein involved in the increased risk of the lung cancer in smokers (CYP1A1) and a protein implicated in asthmatic reactions (CHIA) suggest potential roles of TPPII in the lung cancer pathology. The interactions with methyltransferase CARNMT1, which modifies di- and tripeptides and the xenobiotic processing enzyme CYP1A1, are additional candidates for the breakthrough in new functions discovery of TPPII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Nahálková
- Biochemworld Co., Biochemistry, Molecular & Cell Biology Unit, Snickar-Anders väg 17, 74394, Skyttorp, Uppsala County, Sweden.
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11
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The HBx and HBc of hepatitis B virus can influence Id1 and Id3 by reducing their transcription and stability. Virus Res 2020; 284:197973. [PMID: 32305567 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is closely related with the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which Hepatitis B virus x protein (HBx) and core protein (HBc) play crucial roles. Additionally, inhibitors of differentiation (Id) proteins exhibited significant correlation with liver cancer development. Here, we identified that HBV dramatically inhibited the expression of Id1 and Id3 in both protein and transcriptional levels for the first time, whereas there was little effect of the virus on Id2. Additionally, two HBV coded protein, HBc and HBx, could reduce the expression of Id1 and Id3 distinctly, whereas the other two viral proteins, HBs and HBp were unable to affect Id1 and Id3 proteins. Both the activity inhibitors and activators further confirmed that HBc inhibited the expression of Id1 and Id3 by BMP/Smad signaling pathway. HBx could interact with both Id1 and Id3 at residues 112-136 of HBx protein, and it could inhibit the two Id proteins by accelerating their degradation. This is the first report about HBc and HBx regulating Id1 and Id3, whereas the detailed mechanism associated with above needed further experiments to clarify.
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12
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Zhao Z, Bo Z, Gong W, Guo Y. Inhibitor of Differentiation 1 (Id1) in Cancer and Cancer Therapy. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:995-1005. [PMID: 32410828 PMCID: PMC7211148 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.42805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins are regulators of cell cycle and cell differentiation. Of all Id family proteins, Id1 is mostly linked to tumorigenesis, cellular senescence as well as cell proliferation and survival. Id1 is a stem cell-like gene more than a classical oncogene. Id1 is overexpressed in numerous types of cancers and exerts its promotion effect to these tumors through different pathways. Briefly, Id1 was found significantly correlated with EMT-related proteins, K-Ras signaling, EGFR signaling, BMP signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, WNT and SHH signaling, c-Myc signaling, STAT3 signaling, RK1/2 MAPK/Egr1 pathway and TGF-β pathway, etc. Id1 has potent effect on facilitating tumorous angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, high expression of Id1 plays a facilitating role in the development of drug resistance, including chemoresistance, radiation resistance and resistance to drugs targeting angiogenesis. However, controversial results were also obtained. Overall, Id1 represent a promising target of anti-tumor therapeutics based on its potent promotion effect to cancer. Numerous drugs were found exerting their anti-tumor function through Id1-related signaling pathways, such as fucoidan, berberine, tetramethylpyrazine, crizotinib, cannabidiol and vinblastine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bo
- The Second Department of Biliary Tract Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weiyi Gong
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
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13
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Salaye L, Bychkova I, Sink S, Kovalic AJ, Bharadwaj MS, Lorenzo F, Jain S, Harrison AV, Davis AT, Turnbull K, Meegalla NT, Lee SH, Cooksey R, Donati GL, Kavanagh K, Bonkovsky HL, McClain DA. A Low Iron Diet Protects from Steatohepatitis in a Mouse Model. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092172. [PMID: 31510077 PMCID: PMC6769937 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High tissue iron levels are a risk factor for multiple chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To investigate causal relationships and underlying mechanisms, we used an established NAFLD model-mice fed a high fat diet with supplemental fructose in the water ("fast food", FF). Iron did not affect excess hepatic triglyceride accumulation in the mice on FF, and FF did not affect iron accumulation compared to normal chow. Mice on low iron are protected from worsening of markers for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), including serum transaminases and fibrotic gene transcript levels. These occurred prior to the onset of significant insulin resistance or changes in adipokines. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the major effects of iron to be on signaling by the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway, a known mechanistic factor in NASH. High iron increased fibrotic gene expression in vitro, demonstrating that the effect of dietary iron on NASH is direct. Conclusion: A lower tissue iron level prevents accelerated progression of NAFLD to NASH, suggesting a possible therapeutic strategy in humans with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Salaye
- Center on Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Ielizaveta Bychkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sandy Sink
- Center on Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Alexander J Kovalic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Manish S Bharadwaj
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Agilent Technologies, 121 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Felipe Lorenzo
- Center on Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- Center on Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Alexandria V Harrison
- Center on Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Ashley T Davis
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Katherine Turnbull
- Center on Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Nuwan T Meegalla
- Center on Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Soh-Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert Cooksey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - George L Donati
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Herbert L Bonkovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Donald A McClain
- Center on Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
- VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.
- VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC 28144, USA.
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14
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Zhao H, Wu S, Li H, Duan Q, Zhang Z, Shen Q, Wang C, Yin T. ROS/KRAS/AMPK Signaling Contributes to Gemcitabine-Induced Stem-like Cell Properties in Pancreatic Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 14:299-312. [PMID: 31508487 PMCID: PMC6726755 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is partially due to chemoresistance to gemcitabine (GEM). Glucose metabolism has been revealed to contribute to the therapeutic resistance and pluripotent state of PanCa cells. However, few studies have focused on the effects of GEM on cancer cell metabolism, stemness of tumor cells, and molecular mechanisms that critically influence PanCa treatment. We demonstrate that GEM treatment induces metabolic reprogramming, reducing mitochondrial oxidation and upregulating aerobic glycolysis, and promotes stem-like behaviors in cancer cells. Inhibiting aerobic glycolysis suppresses cancer cell stemness and strengthens GEM's cytotoxicity. GEM-induced metabolic reprogramming is KRAS dependent, as knockdown of KRAS reverses the metabolic shift. GEM-induced metabolic reprogramming also activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which promotes glycolytic flux and cancer stemness. In addition, GEM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate the KRAS/AMPK pathway. This effect was validated by introducing exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Taken together, these findings reveal a counterproductive GEM effect during PanCa treatment. Regulating cellular redox, targeting KRAS/AMPK signaling, or reversing metabolic reprogramming might be effective approaches to eliminate cancer stem cells (CSCs) and enhance chemosensitivity to GEM to improve the prognosis of PanCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqiang Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shihong Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Hehe Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Qingke Duan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Zhengle Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 China
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15
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CCN2-MAPK-Id-1 loop feedback amplification is involved in maintaining stemness in oxaliplatin-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2019; 13:440-453. [PMID: 31250351 PMCID: PMC6661033 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-09960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy is an alternative treatment for advanced HCCs, but chemo-resistance prevents cancer therapies from achieving stable and complete responses. Understanding the underlying mechanisms in chemo-resistance is critical to improve the efficacy of HCC. Methods The expression levels of Id-1 and CCN2 were detected in large cohorts of HCCs, and functional analyses of Id-1 and CCN2 were performed both in vitro and in vivo. cDNA microarrays were performed to evaluate the alterations of expression profiling of HCC cells with overexpression of CCN2. Finally, the role of downstream signaling of MAPK/Id-1 signaling pathway in oxaliplatin resistance were also explored. Results The increased expression of Id-1 and CCN2 were closely related to oxaliplatin resistance in HCC. Upregulation of CCN2 and Id-1 was independently associated with shorter survival and increased recurrence in HCC patients, and significantly enhanced oxaliplatin resistance and promoted lung metastasis in vivo, whereas knock-down of their expression significantly reversed the chemo-resistance and inhibited HCC cell stemness. cDNA microarrays and PCR revealed that Id-1 and MAPK pathway were the downstream signaling of CCN2. CCN2 significantly enhanced oxaliplatin resistance by activating the MAPK/Id-1 signaling pathway, and Id-1 could upregulate CCN2 in a positive feedback manner. Conclusions CCN2/MAPK/Id-1 loop feedback amplification is involved in oxaliplatin resistance, and the combination of oxaliplatin with inhibitor of CCN2 or MAPK signaling could provide a promising approach to ameliorating oxaliplatin resistance in HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12072-019-09960-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16
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Ke J, Wu R, Chen Y, Abba ML. Inhibitor of DNA binding proteins: implications in human cancer progression and metastasis. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3887-3910. [PMID: 30662638 PMCID: PMC6325517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are a class of helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription regulatory factors that act as dominant-negative antagonists of other basic HLH proteins through the formation of non-functional heterodimers. These proteins have been shown to play critical roles in a wide range of tumor-associated processes, including cell differentiation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, stemness, chemoresistance, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The aberrant expression of ID proteins has not only been detected in many types of human cancers, but is also associated with advanced tumor stages and poor clinical outcome. In this review, we provide an overview of the key biological functions of ID proteins including affiliated signaling pathways. We also describe the regulation of ID proteins in cancer progression and metastasis, and elaborate on expression profiles in cancer and the implications for prognosis. Lastly, we outline strategies for the therapeutic targeting of ID proteins as a promising and effective approach for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ke
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022, China
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Ruolin Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Subei People’s HospitalYangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Mohammed L Abba
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany
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17
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Machida K. Pluripotency Transcription Factors and Metabolic Reprogramming of Mitochondria in Tumor-Initiating Stem-like Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1080-1089. [PMID: 29256636 PMCID: PMC5865250 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Neoplasms contain tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) that drive malignant progression and tumor growth with drug resistance. TICs proliferate through a self-renewal process in which the two daughter cells differ in their proliferative potential, with one retaining the self-renewing phenotype and another displaying the differentiated phenotype. Recent Advances: Cancer traits (hepatocellular carcinoma) are triggered by alcoholism, obesity, and hepatitis B or C virus (HBV and HCV), including genetic changes, angiogenesis, defective tumor immunity, immortalization, metabolic reprogramming, excessive and prolonged inflammation, migration/invasion/metastasis, evasion of cell cycle arrest, anticell death, and compensatory regeneration/proliferation. Critical Issues: This review describes how metabolic reprogramming in mitochondria promotes self-renewal and oncogenicity of TICs. Pluripotency transcription factors (TFs), NANOG, OCT4, MYC, and SOX2, contribute to cancer progression by mitochondrial reprogramming, leading to the genesis of TICs and cancer. For example, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid metabolism are identified as major pathways contributing to pluripotency TF-mediated oncogenesis. Future Directions: Identification of novel metabolic pathways provides potential drug targets for neutralizing the activity of highly malignant TICs found in cancer patients. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1080-1089.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Machida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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18
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Kapil S, Sharma BK, Patil M, Elattar S, Yuan J, Hou SX, Kolhe R, Satyanarayana A. The cell polarity protein Scrib functions as a tumor suppressor in liver cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26515-26531. [PMID: 28460446 PMCID: PMC5432276 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrib is a membrane protein that is involved in the maintenance of apical-basal cell polarity of the epithelial tissues. However, Scrib has also been shown to be mislocalized to the cytoplasm in breast and prostate cancer. Here, for the first time, we report that Scrib not only translocates to the cytoplasm but also to the nucleus in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and in mouse and human liver tumor samples. We demonstrate that Scrib overexpression suppresses the growth of HCC cells in vitro, and Scrib deficiency enhances liver tumor growth in vivo. At the molecular level, we have identified the existence of a positive feed-back loop between Yap1 and c-Myc in HCC cells, which Scrib disrupts by simultaneously regulating the MAPK/ERK and Hippo signaling pathways. Overall, Scrib inhibits liver cancer cell proliferation by suppressing the expression of three oncogenes, Yap1, c-Myc and cyclin D1, thereby functioning as a tumor suppressor in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kapil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bal Krishan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sawsan Elattar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jinling Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Steven X Hou
- Stem Cell Regulation and Animal Aging Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ande Satyanarayana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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19
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Yin X, Tang B, Li JH, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xie XY, Zhang BH, Qiu SJ, Wu WZ, Ren ZG. ID1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and confers chemoresistance to oxaliplatin by activating pentose phosphate pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:166. [PMID: 29169374 PMCID: PMC5701377 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Drug resistance is one of the major concerns in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to determine whether aberrant high expression of the inhibitor of differentiation 1(ID1) confers oxaliplatin-resistance to HCC by activating the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Methods Aberrant high expression of ID1 was detected in two oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines MHCC97H–OXA(97H–OXA) and Hep3B–OXA(3B–OXA). The lentiviral shRNA or control shRNA was introduced into the two oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines. The effects of ID1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis and chemoresistance were evaluated in vitro and vivo. The molecular signaling mechanism underlying the induction of HCC proliferation and oxaliplatin resistance by ID1 was explored. The prognostic value of ID1/G6PD signaling in HCC patients was assessed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Results ID1 was upregulated in oxaliplaitin-resistant HCC cells and promoted HCC cell proliferation and oxaliplatin resistance. Silencing ID1 expression in oxaliplaitin-resistant HCC cell lines inhibited cell proliferation and sensitized oxaliplaitin-resistant cells to death. ID1 knockdown significantly decreased the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a key enzyme of the PPP. Silencing ID1 expression blocked the activation of G6PD, decreased the production of PPP NADPH, and augmented reactive oxygen and species (ROS), thus inducing cell apoptosis. Study of the molecular mechanism showed that ID1 induced G6PD promoter transcription and activated PPP through Wnt/β-catenin/c-MYC signaling. In addition, ID1/G6PD signaling predicted unfavorable prognosis of HCC patients on the basis of TCGA. Conclusions Our study provided the first evidence that ID1 conferred oxaliplatin resistance in HCC by activating the PPP. This newly defined pathway may have important implications in the research and development of new more effective anti-cancer drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0637-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bei Tang
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Huan Li
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xie
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo-Heng Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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20
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Yu L, Chen X, Sun X, Wang L, Chen S. The Glycolytic Switch in Tumors: How Many Players Are Involved? J Cancer 2017; 8:3430-3440. [PMID: 29151926 PMCID: PMC5687156 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancers. Cancer cells more readily use glycolysis, an inefficient metabolic pathway for energy metabolism, even when sufficient oxygen is available. This reliance on aerobic glycolysis is called the Warburg effect, and promotes tumorigenesis and malignancy progression. The mechanisms of the glycolytic shift in tumors are not fully understood. Growing evidence demonstrates that many signal molecules, including oncogenes and tumor suppressors, are involved in the process, but how oncogenic signals attenuate mitochondrial function and promote the switch to glycolysis remains unclear. Here, we summarize the current information on several main mediators and discuss their possible mechanisms for triggering the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Chen
- Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqi Sun
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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21
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Metzendorf C, Zeigerer A, Seifert S, Sparla R, Najafi B, Canonne-Hergaux F, Zerial M, Muckenthaler MU. Acute loss of the hepatic endo-lysosomal system in vivo causes compensatory changes in iron homeostasis. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28642463 PMCID: PMC5481338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cells communicate with the extracellular environment to take up nutrients via endocytosis. Iron uptake is essential for metabolic activities and cell homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role of the endocytic system for maintaining iron homeostasis. We specifically depleted the small GTPase Rab5 in the mouse liver, causing a transient loss of the entire endo-lysosomal system. Strikingly, endosome depletion led to a fast reduction of hepatic iron levels, which was preceded by an increased abundance of the iron exporter ferroportin. Compensatory changes in livers of Rab5-depleted mice include increased expression of transferrin receptor 1 as well as reduced expression of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. Serum iron indices (serum iron, free iron binding capacity and total iron binding capacity) in Rab5-KD mice were increased, consistent with an elevated splenic and hepatic iron export. Our data emphasize the critical importance of the endosomal compartments in hepatocytes to maintain hepatic and systemic iron homeostasis in vivo. The short time period (between day four and five) upon which these changes occur underscore the fast dynamics of the liver iron pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Metzendorf
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Clinic, INF 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), INF 327, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Seifert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Sparla
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Clinic, INF 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahar Najafi
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Clinic, INF 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Patil M, Sharma BK, Elattar S, Chang J, Kapil S, Yuan J, Satyanarayana A. Id1 Promotes Obesity by Suppressing Brown Adipose Thermogenesis and White Adipose Browning. Diabetes 2017; 66:1611-1625. [PMID: 28270523 PMCID: PMC5440025 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results from increased energy intake or defects in energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized for energy expenditure, a process called adaptive thermogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) controls BAT-mediated thermogenesis by regulating the expression of Ucp1 Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) is a helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. We demonstrate a novel function of Id1 in BAT thermogenesis and programming of beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT). We found that adipose tissue-specific overexpression of Id1 causes age-associated and high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Id1 suppresses BAT thermogenesis by binding to and suppressing PGC1α transcriptional activity. In WAT, Id1 is mainly localized in the stromal vascular fraction, where the adipose progenitor/precursors reside. Lack of Id1 increases beige gene and Ucp1 expression in the WAT in response to cold exposure. Furthermore, brown-like differentiation is increased in Id1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. At the molecular level, Id1 directly interacts with and suppresses Ebf2 transcriptional activity, leading to reduced expression of Prdm16, which determines beige/brown adipocyte cell fate. Overall, the study highlights the existence of novel regulatory mechanisms between Id1/PGC1α and Id1/Ebf2 in controlling brown fat metabolism, which has significant implications in the treatment of obesity and its associated diseases, such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Bal Krishan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Sawsan Elattar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Judith Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Shweta Kapil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Jinling Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Ande Satyanarayana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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23
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Targeting MYC Dependence by Metabolic Inhibitors in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040114. [PMID: 28362357 PMCID: PMC5406861 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a critical growth regulatory gene that is commonly overexpressed in a wide range of cancers. Therapeutic targeting of MYC transcriptional activity has long been a goal, but it has been difficult to achieve with drugs that directly block its DNA-binding ability. Additional approaches that exploit oncogene addiction are promising strategies against MYC-driven cancers. Also, drugs that target metabolic regulatory pathways and enzymes have potential for indirectly reducing MYC levels. Glucose metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, which can be targeted by multiple agents, promote cell growth and MYC expression. Likewise, modulation of the signaling pathways and protein synthesis regulated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) can also be an effective route for suppressing MYC translation. Furthermore, recent data suggest that metabolism of nucleotides, fatty acids and glutamine are exploited to alter MYC levels. Combination therapies offer potential new approaches to overcome metabolic plasticity caused by single agents. Although potential toxicities must be carefully controlled, new inhibitors currently being tested in clinical trials offer significant promise. Therefore, as both a downstream target of metabolism and an upstream regulator, MYC is a prominent central regulator of cancer metabolism. Exploiting metabolic vulnerabilities of MYC-driven cancers is an emerging research area with translational potential.
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24
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Zhao H, Duan Q, Zhang Z, Li H, Wu H, Shen Q, Wang C, Yin T. Up-regulation of glycolysis promotes the stemness and EMT phenotypes in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2055-2067. [PMID: 28244691 PMCID: PMC5571518 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐type cells are considered as underlying causes of chemoresistance, tumour recurrence and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. We aimed to describe the mechanisms – particularly glycolysis – involved in the regulation of the CSC and EMT phenotypes. We used a gemcitabine‐resistant (GR) Patu8988 cell line, which exhibited clear CSC and EMT phenotypes and showed reliance on glycolysis. Inhibition of glycolysis using 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine and inhibited the CSC and EMT phenotypes in GR cells both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, the use of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) restored the CSC and EMT phenotypes. H2O2 produced changes similar to those of 2‐DG, indicating that ROS were involved in the acquired cancer stemness and EMT phenotypes of GR cells. Moreover, doublecortin‐like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a pancreatic CSC marker, was highly expressed and regulated the stemness and EMT phenotypes in GR cell. Both 2‐DG and H2O2 treatment suppressed DCLK1 expression, which was also rescued by NAC. Together, these findings revealed that glycolysis promotes the expression of DCLK1 and maintains the CSC and EMT phenotypes via maintenance of low ROS levels in chemoresistant GR cells. The glycolysis‐ROS‐DCLK1 pathway may be potential targets for reversing the malignant behaviour of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqiang Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingke Duan
- Department of Pancreatic surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengle Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hehe Li
- Department of Pancreatic surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Department of Pancreatic surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (Id) proteins are members of the large family of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, but they lack any DNA-binding motif. During development, the Id proteins play a key role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation by modulating different cell-cycle regulators both by direct and indirect mechanisms. Several Id-protein interacting partners have been identified thus far, which belong to structurally and functionally unrelated families, including, among others, the class I and II bHLH transcription factors, the retinoblastoma protein and related pocket proteins, the paired-box transcription factors, and the S5a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. Although the HLH domain of the Id proteins is involved in most of their protein-protein interaction events, additional motifs located in their N-terminal and C-terminal regions are required for the recognition of diverse protein partners. The ability of the Id proteins to interact with structurally different proteins is likely to arise from their conformational flexibility: indeed, these proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions that, in the case of the HLH region, undergo folding upon self- or heteroassociation. Besides their crucial role for cell-fate determination and cell-cycle progression during development, other important cellular events have been related to the Id-protein expression in a number of pathologies. Dysregulated Id-protein expression has been associated with tumor growth, vascularization, invasiveness, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness, as well as with various developmental defects and diseases. Herein we provide an overview on the structural properties, mode of action, biological function and therapeutic potential of these regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roschger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
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26
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Roschger C, Cabrele C. The Id-protein family in developmental and cancer-associated pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:7. [PMID: 28122577 PMCID: PMC5267474 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (Id) proteins are members of the large family of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, but they lack any DNA-binding motif. During development, the Id proteins play a key role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation by modulating different cell-cycle regulators both by direct and indirect mechanisms. Several Id-protein interacting partners have been identified thus far, which belong to structurally and functionally unrelated families, including, among others, the class I and II bHLH transcription factors, the retinoblastoma protein and related pocket proteins, the paired-box transcription factors, and the S5a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. Although the HLH domain of the Id proteins is involved in most of their protein-protein interaction events, additional motifs located in their N-terminal and C-terminal regions are required for the recognition of diverse protein partners. The ability of the Id proteins to interact with structurally different proteins is likely to arise from their conformational flexibility: indeed, these proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions that, in the case of the HLH region, undergo folding upon self- or heteroassociation. Besides their crucial role for cell-fate determination and cell-cycle progression during development, other important cellular events have been related to the Id-protein expression in a number of pathologies. Dysregulated Id-protein expression has been associated with tumor growth, vascularization, invasiveness, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness, as well as with various developmental defects and diseases. Herein we provide an overview on the structural properties, mode of action, biological function and therapeutic potential of these regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roschger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
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27
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Di Francesco AM, Toesca A, Cenciarelli C, Giordano A, Gasbarrini A, Puglisi MA. Metabolic Modification in Gastrointestinal Cancer Stem Cells: Characteristics and Therapeutic Approaches. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2081-7. [PMID: 26791139 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is much interest in the characterization of metabolic profiling of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumor cells with self-renewal capacity. Indeed, ever-growing evidence indicate that metabolism and stemness are highly intertwined processes in tumor tissue. In this review, we analyze the potential metabolic targeting strategies for eradicating CSCs that could help to develop a more effective therapeutic approach for gastrointestinal cancers. Indeed, the successful elimination of a tumor requires an anticancer therapy that affects both cancer cells and CSCs. The observation that gastrointestinal CSCs possess higher inducible nitric oxide sinthase (iNOS) expression, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and a different metabolism respect to no-CSCs tumor cells has paved the way to develop drugs targeting CSC specific signaling. In particular, several studies have highlighted that metformin, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, and iNOS inhibitors selectively suppressed CSC growth and that combinatorial therapy of them with standard chemotherapeutic drugs had a synergistic effect resulting in reduced tumor burden and delayed tumor recurrence. Thus, the possibility of combining specific CSC metabolism inhibitors with existing therapeutic approaches could have profound anticancer effects, changing the conventional treatment approaches to gastrointestinal cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2081-2087, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia Toesca
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cenciarelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
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