1
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Bravo R, Lee KH, Nazeer SA, Cornthwaite JA, Fishel Bartal M, Pedroza C. Glucose circadian rhythm assessment in pregnant women for gestational diabetes screening. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01636-x. [PMID: 39294421 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication during pregnancy, and it is associated with short- and long-term health impairments. Even with increasing incidence rates worldwide, to date, GDM lacks an international standard diagnosis criterion. OBJECTIVE To elucidate whether a chronobiological perspective may improve the identification of patients at risk for neonatal complications. METHODS We analyzed a dataset with 92 recruited pregnant patients with Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) data obtained in a blinded study. The primary outcome consisted in evaluating whether the composite of adverse neonatal outcomes could be predicted by chronobiological variables derived from fitting glucose oscillation to a circadian rhythm. The secondary neonatal outcomes included preterm birth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, hypoglycemia, mechanical ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure, hyperbilirubinemia, and hospital length of stay. The secondary maternal outcomes included weight gain during pregnancy, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, induction of labor, cesarean delivery, and postpartum complications. 87 subjects had enough data to study for glucose circadian rhythmicity. RESULTS We developed a 3-covariate model including two chronobiological metrics, the midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) and glucose M10 start-time, and age that was predictive of the primary outcome, and associated with maternal secondary outcomes (preeclampsia with severe features and weight gain during pregnancy), and newborn secondary outcomes (preterm delivery < 37 weeks, indicated preterm delivery, NICU admission, need for CPAP, and differences in length of hospital stay). CONCLUSIONS Chronobiological parameters might contribute to a better identification of the adverse outcomes associated with GDM in both the mother and newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bravo
- The Institute for Clinical Research & Learning Health Care, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Kyung Hyun Lee
- The Institute for Clinical Research & Learning Health Care, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah A Nazeer
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Cornthwaite
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michal Fishel Bartal
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Pedroza
- The Institute for Clinical Research & Learning Health Care, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Yu D, Wan H, Tong C, Guang L, Chen G, Su J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Zhai J, Yan L, Ma W, Liang K, Liu T, Wang Y, Peng Z, Luo L, Yu R, Li W, Qi H, Wang H, Shyh-Chang N. A multi-tissue metabolome atlas of primate pregnancy. Cell 2024; 187:764-781.e14. [PMID: 38306985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy induces dramatic metabolic changes in females; yet, the intricacies of this metabolic reprogramming remain poorly understood, especially in primates. Using cynomolgus monkeys, we constructed a comprehensive multi-tissue metabolome atlas, analyzing 273 samples from 23 maternal tissues during pregnancy. We discovered a decline in metabolic coupling between tissues as pregnancy progressed. Core metabolic pathways that were rewired during primate pregnancy included steroidogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Our atlas revealed 91 pregnancy-adaptive metabolites changing consistently across 23 tissues, whose roles we verified in human cell models and patient samples. Corticosterone and palmitoyl-carnitine regulated placental maturation and maternal tissue progenitors, respectively, with implications for maternal preeclampsia, diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy, and muscle and liver regeneration. Moreover, we found that corticosterone deficiency induced preeclampsia-like inflammation, indicating the atlas's potential clinical value. Overall, our multi-tissue metabolome atlas serves as a framework for elucidating the role of metabolic regulation in female health during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haifeng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Guang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiali Su
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinglei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Long Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Taoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zehang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lanfang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruoxuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
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3
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Disruption of the Expression of the Placental Clock and Melatonin Genes in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032363. [PMID: 36768691 PMCID: PMC9917141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have been described in numerous tissues of living organisms and are necessary for homeostasis. The understanding of their role in normal and pathological pregnancy is only just emerging. It has been established that clock genes are expressed in the placenta of animals and humans, but the rhythmicity of placenta immune cells is not known. Macrophages from healthy placenta of women at term were isolated and the expression of clock genes BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2, CRY2, and NR1D1 was assessed by qRT-PCR every 4 h over 24 h. Raw data were treated with cosinor analysis to evaluate the significance of the oscillations. Placental macrophages exhibited significant circadian expression of clock genes but one third of placental macrophages lost clock gene rhythmicity; the clock gene oscillations were restored by co-culture with trophoblasts. We wondered if melatonin, a key hormone regulating circadian rhythm, was involved in the oscillations of placental cells. We showed that macrophages and trophoblasts produced melatonin and expressed MT2 receptor. In women who developed preeclampsia during pregnancy, circadian oscillations of placental macrophages were lost and could not be rescued by coculture with trophoblasts from healthy women. Moreover, production and oscillations of melatonin were altered in preeclamptic macrophages. For the first time to our knowledge, this study shows circadian rhythms and melatonin production by placental macrophages. It also shows that preeclampsia is associated with a disruption of the circadian rhythm of placental cells. These results represent a new scientific breakthrough that may contribute to the prevention and treatment of obstetrical pathologies.
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4
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Ono M, Ando H, Daikoku T, Fujiwara T, Mieda M, Mizumoto Y, Iizuka T, Kagami K, Hosono T, Nomura S, Toyoda N, Sekizuka-Kagami N, Maida Y, Kuji N, Nishi H, Fujiwara H. The Circadian Clock, Nutritional Signals and Reproduction: A Close Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021545. [PMID: 36675058 PMCID: PMC9865912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm, which is necessary for reproduction, is controlled by clock genes. In the mouse uterus, the oscillation of the circadian clock gene has been observed. The transcription of the core clock gene period (Per) and cryptochrome (Cry) is activated by the heterodimer of the transcription factor circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) and brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1). By binding to E-box sequences in the promoters of Per1/2 and Cry1/2 genes, the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer promotes the transcription of these genes. Per1/2 and Cry1/2 form a complex with the Clock/Bmal1 heterodimer and inactivate its transcriptional activities. Endometrial BMAL1 expression levels are lower in human recurrent-miscarriage sufferers. Additionally, it was shown that the presence of BMAL1-depleted decidual cells prevents trophoblast invasion, highlighting the importance of the endometrial clock throughout pregnancy. It is widely known that hormone synthesis is disturbed and sterility develops in Bmal1-deficient mice. Recently, we discovered that animals with uterus-specific Bmal1 loss also had poor placental development, and these mice also had intrauterine fetal death. Furthermore, it was shown that time-restricted feeding controlled the uterine clock's circadian rhythm. The uterine clock system may be a possibility for pregnancy complications, according to these results. We summarize the most recent research on the close connection between the circadian clock and reproduction in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3342-6111
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Social Work and Life Design, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto 606-0848, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasunari Mizumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Iizuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Natsumi Toyoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naomi Sekizuka-Kagami
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Maida
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naoaki Kuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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5
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Nuclear Receptors in Pregnancy and Outcomes: Clinical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:3-19. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Tersigni C, Furqan Bari M, Cai S, Zhang W, Kandzija N, Buchan A, Miranda F, Di Simone N, Redman CW, Bastie C, Vatish M. Syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles carry apolipoprotein-E and affect lipid synthesis of liver cells in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:123-132. [PMID: 34894055 PMCID: PMC8742183 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal pregnancy, hepatic metabolism adaptation occurs with an increase in lipid biosynthesis. Placental shedding of syncytiotrophoblast‐derived extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) into the maternal circulation constitutes a major signalling mechanism between foetus and mother. We investigated whether STBEVs from normal pregnant women might target liver cells in vitro and induce changes in lipid synthesis. This study was performed at the Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Oxford, UK. STBEVs were obtained by dual‐lobe placental perfusion from 11 normal pregnancies at term. Medium/large and small STBEVs were collected by ultracentrifugation at 10,000g and 150,000g, respectively. STBEVs were analysed by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry for co‐expression of apolipoprotein‐E (apoE) and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). The uptake of STBEVs by liver cells and the effect on lipid metabolism was evaluated using a hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2 cells). Data were analysed by one‐way ANOVA and Student's t test. We demonstrated that: (a) STBEVs carry apoE; (b) HepG2 cells take up STBEVs through an apoE‐LDL receptor interaction; (c) STBEV incorporation into HepG2 cells resulted in (i) increased cholesterol release (ELISA); (ii) increased expression of the genes SQLE and FDPS (microarray) involved in cholesterol biosynthesis; (iii) downregulation of the CLOCK gene (microarray and PCR), involved in the circadian negative control of lipid synthesis in liver cells. In conclusion, the placenta may orchestrate the metabolic adaptation of the maternal liver through release of apoE‐positive STBEVs, by increasing lipid synthesis in a circadian‐independent fashion, meeting the nutritional needs of the growing foetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tersigni
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Shijei Cai
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neva Kandzija
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alice Buchan
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fabrizio Miranda
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher W Redman
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Bastie
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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He J, Liu R, Zheng W, Guo H, Yang Y, Zhao R, Yao W. High ambient temperature exposure during late gestation disrupts glycolipid metabolism and hepatic mitochondrial function tightly related to gut microbial dysbiosis in pregnant mice. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2116-2129. [PMID: 34272826 PMCID: PMC8449678 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As global warming intensifies, emerging evidence has demonstrated high ambient temperature during pregnancy negatively affects maternal physiology with compromised pregnant outcomes; however, little is known about the roles of gut microbiota and its underlying mechanisms in this process. Here, for the first time, we explored the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota involved in the disrupted glycolipid metabolism via hepatic mitochondrial function. Our results indicate heat stress (HS) reduces fat and protein contents and serum levels of insulin and triglyceride (TG), while increases that of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (B-HBA), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P < 0.05). Additionally, HS downregulates both mitochondrial genes (mtDNA) and nuclear encoding mitochondrial functional genes with increasing serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (P < 0.05). Regarding microbial response, HS boosts serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (P < 0.05) and alters β-diversity (ANOSIM, P < 0.01), increasing the proportions of Escherichia-Shigella, Acinetobacter and Klebsiella (q < 0.05), while reducing that of Ruminiclostridium, Blautia, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Clostridium VadinBB60 and Muribaculaceae (q < 0.05). PICRUSt analysis predicts that HS upregulates 11 KEGG pathways, mainly including bile secretion and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. The collective results suggest that microbial dysbiosis due to late gestational HS has strong associations with damaged hepatic mitochondrial function and disrupted metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, China
| | - Riliang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huiduo Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunnan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210095, China
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8
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Demarez C, De Assis LVM, Krohn M, Ramella N, Schwaninger M, Oster H, Astiz M. The trophoblast clock controls transport across placenta in mice. Development 2021; 148:256558. [PMID: 33913482 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior are organized by a body-wide network of clock genes and proteins. Despite the well-known function of the adult circadian system, the roles of maternal, fetal and placental clocks during pregnancy are poorly defined. In the mature mouse placenta, the labyrinth zone (LZ) is of fetal origin and key for selective nutrient and waste exchange. Recently, clock gene expression has been detected in LZ and other fetal tissues; however, there is no evidence of a placental function controlled by the LZ clock. Here, we demonstrate that specifically the trophoblast layer of the LZ harbors an already functional clock by late gestation, able to regulate in a circadian manner the expression and activity of the xenobiotic efflux pump, ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1), likely gating the fetal exposure to drugs from the maternal circulation to certain times of the day. As more than 300 endogenous and exogenous compounds are substrates of ABCB1, our results might have implications in choosing the maternal treatment time when aiming either maximal/minimal drug availability to the fetus/mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Demarez
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck. Marie-Curie-Straße, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Markus Krohn
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck. Marie-Curie-Straße, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nahuel Ramella
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck. Marie-Curie-Straße, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck. Marie-Curie-Straße, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck. Marie-Curie-Straße, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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9
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Gong L, Zhao H, Cui Y, Li X. Transcriptome analysis of placentae reveals HELLP syndrome exhibits a greater extent of placental metabolic dysfunction than preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2021; 40:134-143. [PMID: 33818250 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2021.1908348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The association between HELLP syndrome and preeclampsia has been investigated with conflicting conclusions. This study is to investigate the pathogenesis underlying these two diseases by analyzing placental transcriptome.Methods: The gene expression profile downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database was analyzed by R language.Results: A total of 573 differentially expressed genes in HELLP syndrome and 358 in preeclampsia were identified, among which 295 were unique to HELLP syndrome. Some metabolism-associated pathways were uniquely enriched in HELLP syndrome.Conclusions: HELLP syndrome exhibits a greater extent of placental metabolic dysfunction than preeclampsia, although these two diseases might share partial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gong
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Cui
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Institutes of Biochemical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Manna LB, Williamson C. Nuclear receptors, gestational metabolism and maternal metabolic disorders. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 78:100941. [PMID: 33455843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is characterised by a gradual alteration in metabolism that results in elevated serum bile acids, dyslipidaemia and impaired glucose tolerance in the third trimester. Nuclear receptors play important roles in regulating metabolic pathways that influence alterations in these parameters. There is evidence for altered function of FXR and LXR in gestation; these nuclear receptors play an integral role in bile acid and lipid homeostasis. There is some evidence for influence of clock genes in late pregnancy metabolic changes, and this may be linked to alterations in placental gene expression and function, thereby influencing fetal growth. This article will review the current data from human studies and investigation of animal models to illustrate the role of nuclear receptors (namely LXR, FXR, PPARs and clock genes) in gestational alterations in metabolism and the ways this may influence susceptibility to metabolic disorders of pregnancy such as gestational diabetes mellitus and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Borges Manna
- Division of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Division of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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11
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Astiz M, Oster H. Feto-Maternal Crosstalk in the Development of the Circadian Clock System. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:631687. [PMID: 33510617 PMCID: PMC7835637 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.631687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian (24 h) clock system adapts physiology and behavior to daily recurring changes in the environment. Compared to the extensive knowledge assembled over the last decades on the circadian system in adults, its regulation and function during development is still largely obscure. It has been shown that environmental factors, such as stress or alterations in photoperiod, disrupt maternal neuroendocrine homeostasis and program the offspring’s circadian function. However, the process of circadian differentiation cannot be fully dependent on maternal rhythms alone, since circadian rhythms in offspring from mothers lacking a functional clock (due to SCN lesioning or genetic clock deletion) develop normally. This mini-review focuses on recent findings suggesting that the embryo/fetal molecular clock machinery is present and functional in several tissues early during gestation. It is entrained by maternal rhythmic signals crossing the placenta while itself controlling responsiveness to such external factors to certain times of the day. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms through which maternal, placental and embryo/fetal clocks interact with each other, sense, integrate and coordinate signals from the early life environment is improving our understanding of how the circadian system emerges during development and how it affects physiological resilience against external perturbations during this critical time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Astiz
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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12
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Pan X, Taylor MJ, Cohen E, Hanna N, Mota S. Circadian Clock, Time-Restricted Feeding and Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030831. [PMID: 32012883 PMCID: PMC7038040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this review was to seek a better understanding of the function and differential expression of circadian clock genes during the reproductive process. Through a discussion of how the circadian clock is involved in these steps, the identification of new clinical targets for sleep disorder-related diseases, such as reproductive failure, will be elucidated. Here, we focus on recent research findings regarding circadian clock regulation within the reproductive system, shedding new light on circadian rhythm-related problems in women. Discussions on the roles that circadian clock plays in these reproductive processes will help identify new clinical targets for such sleep disorder-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Meredith J. Taylor
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
| | - Emma Cohen
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
| | - Samantha Mota
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
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13
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Ovadia C, Perdones‐Montero A, Spagou K, Smith A, Sarafian MH, Gomez‐Romero M, Bellafante E, Clarke LC, Sadiq F, Nikolova V, Mitchell A, Dixon PH, Santa‐Pinter N, Wahlström A, Abu‐Hayyeh S, Walters JR, Marschall H, Holmes E, Marchesi JR, Williamson C. Enhanced Microbial Bile Acid Deconjugation and Impaired Ileal Uptake in Pregnancy Repress Intestinal Regulation of Bile Acid Synthesis. Hepatology 2019; 70:276-293. [PMID: 30983011 PMCID: PMC6619257 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with progressive hypercholanemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, which can result in metabolic disease in susceptible women. Gut signals modify hepatic homeostatic pathways, linking intestinal content to metabolic activity. We sought to identify whether enteric endocrine signals contribute to raised serum bile acids observed in human and murine pregnancies, by measuring fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19/15 protein and mRNA levels, and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one. Terminal ileal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-mediated gene expression and apical sodium bile acid transporter (ASBT) protein concentration were measured by qPCR and western blotting. Shotgun whole-genome sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used to determine the cecal microbiome and metabonome. Targeted and untargeted pathway analyses were performed to predict the systemic effects of the altered metagenome and metabolite profiles. Dietary CA supplementation was used to determine whether the observed alterations could be overcome by intestinal bile acids functioning as FXR agonists. Human and murine pregnancy were associated with reduced intestinal FXR signaling, with lower FGF19/15 and resultant increased hepatic bile acid synthesis. Terminal ileal ASBT protein was reduced in murine pregnancy. Cecal bile acid conjugation was reduced in pregnancy because of elevated bile salt hydrolase-producing Bacteroidetes. CA supplementation induced intestinal FXR signaling, which was not abrogated by pregnancy, with strikingly similar changes to the microbiota and metabonome as identified in pregnancy. Conclusion: The altered intestinal microbiota of pregnancy enhance bile acid deconjugation, reducing ileal bile acid uptake and lowering FXR induction in enterocytes. This exacerbates the effects mediated by reduced bile acid uptake transporters in pregnancy. Thus, in pregnant women and mice, there is reduced FGF19/15-mediated hepatic repression of hepatic bile acid synthesis, resulting in hypercholanemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ovadia
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Perdones‐Montero
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Konstantina Spagou
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ann Smith
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Magali H. Sarafian
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria Gomez‐Romero
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elena Bellafante
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Louise C.D. Clarke
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Fouzia Sadiq
- Division of Digestive DiseasesHammersmith Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Vanya Nikolova
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alice Mitchell
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter H. Dixon
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Natalie Santa‐Pinter
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Annika Wahlström
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Wallenberg LaboratoryUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Shadi Abu‐Hayyeh
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julian R.F. Walters
- Division of Digestive DiseasesHammersmith Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hanns‐Ulrich Marschall
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Wallenberg LaboratoryUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom,Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Division of Women and Children's HealthKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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14
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Čečmanová V, Houdek P, Šuchmanová K, Sládek M, Sumová A. Development and Entrainment of the Fetal Clock in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei: The Role of Glucocorticoids. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:307-322. [PMID: 30854919 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419835360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The adult circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is resilient to glucocorticoids (GCs). The fetal rodent SCN resembles that of the adult in its organization of GC-sensitive peripheral tissues. We tested the hypothesis that the fetal SCN clock is sensitive to changes in GC levels. Maternal GCs must pass through the placenta to reach the fetal SCN. We show that the maternal but not the fetal part of the placenta harbors the autonomous circadian clock, which is reset by dexamethasone (DEX) and rhythmically expresses Hsd11b2. The results suggest the presence of a mechanism for rhythmic GC passage through the placental barrier, which is adjusted according to actual GC levels. GC receptors are expressed rhythmically in the laser-dissected fetal SCN samples. We demonstrate that hypothalamic explants containing the SCN of the mPer2 Luc mouse prepared at embryonic day (E)15 spontaneously develop rhythmicity within several days of culture, with dynamics varying among fetuses from the same litter. Culturing these explants in media enriched with DEX accelerates the development. At E17, treatment of the explants with DEX induces phase advances and phase delays of the rhythms depending on the timing of treatments, and the shifts are completely blocked by the GC receptor antagonist, mifepristone. The DEX-induced phase-response curve differs from that induced by the vehicle. The fetal SCN is sensitive to GCs in vivo because DEX administration to pregnant rats acutely downregulates c-fos expression specifically in the laser-dissected fetal SCN. Our results provide evidence that the rodent fetal SCN clock may respond to changes in GC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Čečmanová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Houdek
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Šuchmanová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sládek
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sumová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Lamontagne-Kam DM, Chalil A, Aristizabal Henao JJ, Hogenhout SJ, Stark KD. Concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid are reduced in maternal liver, adipose, and heart in rats fed high-fat diets without docosahexaenoic acid throughout pregnancy. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 138:30-37. [PMID: 30392578 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fetal accretion for DHA is high during late pregnancy due to the brain growth spurt. Prior evidence suggests that DHA is mobilized from maternal liver and adipose to meet fetal accretion and physiological requirements. However, changes in the DHA levels of various maternal tissues throughout pregnancy and into lactation of mothers on diets with and without dietary DHA, and with a background dietary fatty acid profile that resembles human intake has not been examined. Sprague Dawley rats were fed a total western diet with (TWD + ) or without DHA (TWD-) along with a commercial rodent chow control (Chow) throughout pregnancy and postpartum. The fatty acid compositions of adipose, brain, heart, liver, erythrocytes, and plasma were determined before pregnancy, at 15 and 20 days of pregnancy, and 7 days postpartum. The placenta, fetuses, and pups were also examined when available. Maternal DHA concentrations were increased in plasma at 20 days pregnancy in all the diets with TWD + > Chow > TWD-. Maternal DHA concentrations in the TWD- group were lower in adipose throughout pregnancy as compared with the other diets. At postpartum, DHA concentrations decreased below baseline levels in the heart of the TWD- and Chow dams and the liver of the TWD- dams. Whole body DHA concentrations of the fetuses did not differ but there was evidence of decreased DHA in the whole body and tissues of the TWD- and Chow 7d old pups. In conclusion, it appears that in this rodent model of pregnancy, maternal adaptations were made to meet fetal DHA requirements, but they may compromise maternal DHA status and the ability to deliver DHA during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Lamontagne-Kam
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Alan Chalil
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Juan J Aristizabal Henao
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Sam J Hogenhout
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1.
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16
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Macrosomia. A Systematic Review of Recent Literature. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/rjdnmd-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims: The obesity and overweight rate among women of childbearing age and fetal macrosomia associated with different birth injuries are very frequent all over the world and with an increasing incidence. The huge amount of published literature on this topic in the last decade is putting the practioners in a very challenging position. Material and method: We have done a systematic review on the recent literature (last five years) based on science direct database. Results: A total of 5990 articles were identified and after successive exclusion of some of them, 48 were deeply analyzed. The results were grouped in following topics: risk factors for fetal macrosomia, the pathophysiology of macrosomia, prenatal clinical and lab diagnosis and prevention of macrosomia. Conclusions: Considering the maternal, fetal and neonatal complications of macrosomia, the counseling, and monitoring of the pregnant women risk group are of particular importance for adopting a low calorie / low glycemic diet and avoiding a sedentary behaviour. Long-term follow-up of the mother and the macrosomic baby is required because of the risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome later in life.
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17
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Mark PJ, Crew RC, Wharfe MD, Waddell BJ. Rhythmic Three-Part Harmony: The Complex Interaction of Maternal, Placental and Fetal Circadian Systems. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:534-549. [PMID: 28920512 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417728671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
From the perspective of circadian biology, mammalian pregnancy presents an unusual biological scenario in which an entire circadian system (i.e., that of the fetus) is embodied within another (i.e., that of the mother). Moreover, both systems are likely to be influenced at their interface by a third player, the placenta. Successful pregnancy requires major adaptations in maternal physiology, many of which involve circadian changes that support the high metabolic demands of the growing fetus. A functional role for maternal circadian adaptations is implied by the effects of circadian disruption, which result in pregnancy complications including higher risks for miscarriage, preterm labor, and low birth weight. Various aspects of fetal physiology lead to circadian variation, at least in late gestation, but it remains unclear what drives this rhythmicity. It likely involves contributions from the maternal environment and possibly from the placenta and the developing intrinsic molecular clocks within fetal tissues. The role of the placenta is of particular significance because it serves not only to relay signals about the external environment (via the mother) but may also exhibit its own circadian rhythmicity. This review considers how the fetus may be influenced by dynamic circadian signals from the mother and the placenta during gestation, and how, in the face of these changing influences, a new fetal circadian system emerges. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of endocrine signals, most notably melatonin and glucocorticoids, as mediators of maternal-fetal circadian interactions, and on the expression of the clock gene in the 3 compartments. Further study is required to understand how the mother, placenta, and fetus interact across pregnancy to optimize circadian adaptations that support adequate growth and development of the fetus and its transition to postnatal life in a circadian environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Mark
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rachael C Crew
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michaela D Wharfe
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan J Waddell
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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