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Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Lim JH, Shaikh S, Lee EJ, Choi I. Therapeutic applications of biological macromolecules and scaffolds for skeletal muscle regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131411. [PMID: 38588841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) mass and strength maintenance are important requirements for human well-being. SM regeneration to repair minor injuries depends upon the myogenic activities of muscle satellite (stem) cells. However, losses of regenerative properties following volumetric muscle loss or severe trauma or due to congenital muscular abnormalities are not self-restorable, and thus, these conditions have major healthcare implications and pose clinical challenges. In this context, tissue engineering based on different types of biomaterials and scaffolds provides an encouraging means of structural and functional SM reconstruction. In particular, biomimetic (able to transmit biological signals) and several porous scaffolds are rapidly evolving. Several biological macromolecules/biomaterials (collagen, gelatin, alginate, chitosan, and fibrin etc.) are being widely used for SM regeneration. However, available alternatives for SM regeneration must be redesigned to make them more user-friendly and economically feasible with longer shelf lives. This review aimed to explore the biological aspects of SM regeneration and the roles played by several biological macromolecules and scaffolds in SM regeneration in cases of volumetric muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
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Ahmad K, Lee EJ, Ali S, Han KS, Hur SJ, Lim JH, Choi I. Licochalcone A and B enhance muscle proliferation and differentiation by regulating Myostatin. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155350. [PMID: 38237512 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myostatin (MSTN) inhibition has demonstrated promise for the treatment of diseases associated with muscle loss. In a previous study, we discovered that Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) crude water extract (CWE) inhibits MSTN expression while promoting myogenesis. Furthermore, three specific compounds of G. uralensis, namely liquiritigenin, tetrahydroxymethoxychalcone, and Licochalcone B (Lic B), were found to promote myoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as accelerate the regeneration of injured muscle tissue. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to build on our previous findings on G. uralensis and demonstrate the potential of its two components, Licochalcone A (Lic A) and Lic B, in muscle mass regulation (by inhibiting MSTN), aging and muscle formation. METHODS G. uralensis, Lic A, and Lic B were evaluated thoroughly using in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. In silico analyses included molecular docking, and dynamics simulations of these compounds with MSTN. Protein-protein docking was carried out for MSTN, as well as for the docked complex of MSTN-Lic with its receptor, activin type IIB receptor (ACVRIIB). Subsequent in vitro studies used C2C12 cell lines and primary mouse muscle stem cells to acess the cell proliferation and differentiation of normal and aged cells, levels of MSTN, Atrogin 1, and MuRF1, and plasma MSTN concentrations, employing techniques such as western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, cell proliferation and differentiation assays, and real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, in vivo experiments using mouse models focused on measuring muscle fiber diameters. RESULTS CWE of G. uralensis and two of its components, namely Lic A and B, promote myoblast proliferation and differentiation by inhibiting MSTN and reducing Atrogin1 and MuRF1 expressions and MSTN protein concentration in serum. In silico interaction analysis revealed that Lic A (binding energy -6.9 Kcal/mol) and B (binding energy -5.9 Kcal/mol) bind to MSTN and reduce binding between it and ACVRIIB, thereby inhibiting downstream signaling. The experimental analysis, which involved both in vitro and in vivo studies, demonstrated that the levels of MSTN, Atrogin 1, and MuRF1 were decreased when G. uralensis CWE, Lic A, or Lic B were administered into mice or treated in the mouse primary muscle satellite cells (MSCs) and C2C12 myoblasts. The diameters of muscle fibers increased in orally treated mice, and the differentiation and proliferation of C2C12 cells were enhanced. G. uralensis CWE, Lic A, and Lic B also promoted cell proliferation in aged cells, suggesting that they may have anti-muslce aging properties. They also reduced the expression and phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 (MSTN downstream effectors), adding to the evidence that MSTN is inhibited. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that CWE and its active constituents Lic A and Lic B have anti-mauscle aging potential. They also have the potential to be used as natural inhibitors of MSTN and as therapeutic options for disorders associated with muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Ki Soo Han
- Neo Cremar Co., Ltd., Seoul 05702, South Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
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Ahmad SS, Choi I. Current situation and publication trends of skeletal muscle related research: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24942. [PMID: 38317977 PMCID: PMC10838779 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) is a highly plastic and dynamic tissue of the body and is largely responsible for body maintenance. SM is primarily responsible for body balance, movement, postural support, thermogenesis, and blood glucose homeostasis. SM regeneration depends on the activation of muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs) under the regulation of several muscle regulatory factors that regulate myogenesis. Bibliometric analysis involves the quantitative and qualitative assessments of research and scientific progress that provides researchers access to recent publications, research directions, and thus generates ideas that can be implemented to guide future research. In this analysis, the Web of Science database was searched for articles using the search term "skeletal muscle AND myogenesis AND muscle satellite cell", and 1777 articles (original research/review articles) published from the year 1997 to June 2023 were retrieved. After applying several other exclusion and inclusion criteria, 129 articles were considered for analysis. Types of research, keywords, journals, authors, years, institutions, funding agencies, and average annual citations were analyzed. Muscle regeneration, satellite cell, and myogenesis were often used keywords and exhibited increasing trends in research articles over the decades. Some journals were found to strongly support research publications with high impact factors and citation scores. This study aimed to examine research ideas and growth in the skeletal muscle related field for atrophy and aging improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
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Ahmad SS, Chun HJ, Ahmad K, Choi I. Therapeutic applications of ginseng for skeletal muscle-related disorder management. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:12-19. [PMID: 38223826 PMCID: PMC10785254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) is the largest organ of the body and is largely responsible for the metabolism required to maintain body functions. Furthermore, the maintenance of SM is dependent on the activation of muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs) and the subsequent proliferation and fusion of differentiating myoblasts into mature myofibers (myogenesis). Natural compounds are being used as therapeutic options to promote SM regeneration during aging, muscle atrophy, sarcopenia, cachexia, or obesity. In particular, ginseng-derived compounds have been utilized in these contexts, though ginsenoside Rg1 is mostly used for SM mass management. These compounds primarily function by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, upregulating myogenin and MyoD to induce muscle hypertrophy, downregulating atrophic factors (atrogin1, muscle ring-finger protein-1, myostatin, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production), and suppressing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cachexia. Ginsenoside compounds are also used for obesity management, and their anti-obesity effects are attributed to peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibition, AMPK activation, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation, and increased phosphorylations of insulin resistance (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and Akt. This review was undertaken to provide an overview of the use of ginseng-related compounds for the management of SM-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Chun HJ, Ali S, Lim JH, Ahmad SS, Lee EJ, Choi I. Extracellular matrix: the critical contributor to skeletal muscle regeneration-a comprehensive review. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:58. [PMID: 38008778 PMCID: PMC10680355 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The regenerative ability of skeletal muscle (SM) in response to damage, injury, or disease is a highly intricate process that involves the coordinated activities of multiple cell types and biomolecular factors. Of these, extracellular matrix (ECM) is considered a fundamental component of SM regenerative ability. This review briefly discusses SM myogenesis and regeneration, the roles played by muscle satellite cells (MSCs), other cells, and ECM components, and the effects of their dysregulations on these processes. In addition, we review the various types of ECM scaffolds and biomaterials used for SM regeneration, their applications, recent advances in ECM scaffold research, and their impacts on tissue engineering and SM regeneration, especially in the context of severe muscle injury, which frequently results in substantial muscle loss and impaired regenerative capacity. This review was undertaken to provide a comprehensive overview of SM myogenesis and regeneration, the stem cells used for muscle regeneration, the significance of ECM in SM regeneration, and to enhance understanding of the essential role of the ECM scaffold during SM regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
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Denervation during mandibular distraction osteogenesis results in impaired bone formation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2097. [PMID: 36747028 PMCID: PMC9902545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) is mediated by skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in mice, which enact bone regeneration via neural crest re-activation. As peripheral nerves are essential to progenitor function during development and in response to injury, we questioned if denervation impairs mandibular DO. C57Bl6 mice were divided into two groups: DO with a segmental defect in the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) at the time of mandibular osteotomy ("DO Den") and DO with IAN intact ("DO Inn"). DO Den demonstrated significantly reduced histological and radiological osteogenesis relative to DO Inn. Denervation preceding DO results in reduced SSC amplification and osteogenic potential in mice. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that there was a predominance of innervated SSCs in clusters dominated by pathways related to bone formation. A rare human patient specimen was also analyzed and suggested that histological, radiological, and transcriptional alterations seen in mouse DO may be conserved in the setting of denervated human mandible distraction. Fibromodulin (FMOD) transcriptional and protein expression were reduced in denervated relative to innervated mouse and human mandible regenerate. Finally, when exogenous FMOD was added to DO-Den and DO-Inn SSCs undergoing in vitro osteogenic differentiation, the osteogenic potential of DO-Den SSCs was increased in comparison to control untreated DO-Den SSCs, modeling the superior osteogenic potential of DO-Inn SSCs.
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Ahmad SS, Chun HJ, Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Lim JH, Ali S, Han SS, Hur SJ, Sohn JH, Lee EJ, Choi I. The roles of growth factors and hormones in the regulation of muscle satellite cells for cultured meat production. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:16-31. [PMID: 37093925 PMCID: PMC10119461 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cultured meat is a potential sustainable food generated by the in vitro myogenesis of muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs). The self-renewal and differentiation properties of MSCs are of primary interest for cultured meat production. MSC proliferation and differentiation are influenced by a variety of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factors (FGF-2 and FGF-21), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and by hormones like insulin, testosterone, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones. In this review, we investigated the roles of growth factors and hormones during cultured meat production because these factors provide signals for MSC growth and structural stability. The aim of this article is to provide the important idea about different growth factors such as FGF (enhance the cell proliferation and differentiation), IGF-1 (increase the number of myoblasts), PDGF (myoblast proliferation), TGF-β1 (muscle repair) and hormones such as insulin (cell survival and growth), testosterone (muscle fiber size), dexamethasone (myoblast proliferation and differentiation), and thyroid hormones (amount and diameter of muscle fibers and determine the usual pattern of fiber distributions) as media components during myogenesis for cultured meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- Research Institute of Cell Culture,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam
University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Sohn
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering
Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
(KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Khudyakov JI, Allen KN, Crocker DE, Trost NS, Roberts AH, Pirard L, Debier C, Piotrowski ER, Vázquez-Medina JP. Comprehensive molecular and morphological resolution of blubber stratification in a deep-diving, fasting-adapted seal. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1057721. [PMID: 36589428 PMCID: PMC9795062 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1057721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blubber is a modified subcutaneous adipose tissue in marine mammals that provides energy storage, thermoregulation, hydrodynamic locomotion, and buoyancy. Blubber displays vertical stratification by lipid content, fatty acid composition, and vascularization, leading to the assumption that deeper blubber layers are metabolically active, while superficial layers are mainly structural and thermoregulatory. However, few studies have examined functional stratification of marine mammal blubber directly, especially in pinnipeds. We characterized morphological and transcriptional differences across blubber layers in the northern elephant seal, a deep-diving and fasting-adapted phocid. We collected blubber from seals early in their fasting period and divided blubber cores into three similarly sized portions. We hypothesized that the innermost blubber portion would have higher 1) heterogeneity in adipocyte size, 2) microvascular density, and 3) expression of genes associated with metabolism and hormone signaling than outer blubber. We found that adipocyte area and variance increased from outermost (skin-adjacent) to innermost (muscle-adjacent) blubber layers, suggesting that inner blubber has a higher capacity for lipid storage and turnover than outer blubber. Inner blubber had a higher proportion of CD144+ endothelial cells, suggesting higher microvascular density. In contrast, outer blubber had a higher proportion of CD4+ immune cells than inner blubber, suggesting higher capacity for response to tissue injury. Transcriptome analysis identified 61 genes that were differentially expressed between inner and outer blubber layers, many of which have not been studied previously in marine mammals. Based on known functions of these genes in other mammals, we suggest that inner blubber has potentially higher 1) adipogenic capacity, 2) cellular diversity, and 3) metabolic and neuroendocrine signaling activity, while outer blubber may have higher 1) extracellular matrix synthesis activity and 2) responsiveness to pathogens and cell stressors. We further characterized expression of nine genes of interest identified by transcriptomics and two adipokines with higher precision across blubber layers using targeted assays. Our study provides functional insights into stratification of blubber in marine mammals and a molecular key, including CD144, CD4, HMGCS2, GABRG2, HCAR2, and COL1A2, for distinguishing blubber layers for physiological and functional studies in seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. I. Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States,*Correspondence: J. I. Khudyakov,
| | - K. N. Allen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - D. E. Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, United States
| | - N. S. Trost
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - A. H. Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - L. Pirard
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium
| | - C. Debier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium
| | - E. R. Piotrowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - J. P. Vázquez-Medina
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Kumar A, Sood A, Han SS. Technological and structural aspects of scaffold manufacturing for cultured meat: recent advances, challenges, and opportunities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:585-612. [PMID: 36239416 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2132206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cultured meat is an emerging area of research focus with an innovative approach through tissue engineering (i.e., cellular engineering) to meet the global food demand. The manufacturing of lab-cultivated meat is an innovative business that alleviates life-threatening environmental issues concerning public health and animal well-being on the global platform. There has been a noteworthy advancement in cultivating artificial meat, but still, there are numerous challenges that impede the swift headway of lab-grown meat production at a commercially large scale. In this review, we focus on the manufacturing of edible scaffolds for cultured meat production. In brief, first an introduction to cultivating artificial meat and its current scenario in the market is provided. Further, a discussion on the understanding of composition, cellular, and molecular communications in muscle tissue is presented, which are vital to scaling up the production of lab-grown meat. In continuation, the major components (e.g., cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and their manufacturing technologies, media, and potential bioreactors) for cultured meat production are conferred followed by a comprehensive discussion on the most recent advances in lab-cultured meat. Finally, existing challenges and opportunities including future research perspectives for scaling-up cultured meat production are discussed with conclusive interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ankur Sood
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Ali S, Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Lim JH, Chun HJ, Ahmad SS, Lee EJ, Choi I. Identification and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Natural Compounds as Potential Myostatin Inhibitors: An In Silico Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134303. [PMID: 35807547 PMCID: PMC9268423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a negative regulator of muscle mass, is reported to be increased in conditions linked with muscle atrophy, sarcopenia, and other muscle-related diseases. Most pharmacologic approaches that treat muscle disorders are ineffective, emphasizing the emergence of MSTN inhibition. In this study, we used computational screening to uncover natural small bioactive inhibitors from the Traditional Chinese Medicine database (~38,000 compounds) for the MSTN protein. Potential ligands were screened, based on binding affinity (150), physicochemical (53) and ADMET properties (17). We found two hits (ZINC85592908 and ZINC85511481) with high binding affinity and specificity, and their binding patterns with MSTN protein. In addition, molecular dynamic simulations were run on each complex to better understand the interaction mechanism of MSTN with the control (curcumin) and the hit compounds (ZINC85592908 and ZINC85511481). We determined that the hits bind to the active pocket site (Helix region) and trigger conformational changes in the MSTN protein. Since the stability of the ZINC85592908 compound was greater than the MSTN control, we believe that ZINC85592908 has therapeutic potential against the MSTN protein and may hinder downstream singling by inhibiting the MSTN protein and increasing myogenesis in the skeletal muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.S.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence:
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11
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Baig MH, Ahmad K, Moon JS, Park SY, Ho Lim J, Chun HJ, Qadri AF, Hwang YC, Jan AT, Ahmad SS, Ali S, Shaikh S, Lee EJ, Choi I. Myostatin and its Regulation: A Comprehensive Review of Myostatin Inhibiting Strategies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:876078. [PMID: 35812316 PMCID: PMC9259834 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.876078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a well-reported negative regulator of muscle growth and a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF) family. MSTN has important functions in skeletal muscle (SM), and its crucial involvement in several disorders has made it an important therapeutic target. Several strategies based on the use of natural compounds to inhibitory peptides are being used to inhibit the activity of MSTN. This review delivers an overview of the current state of knowledge about SM and myogenesis with particular emphasis on the structural characteristics and regulatory functions of MSTN during myogenesis and its involvements in various muscle related disorders. In addition, we review the diverse approaches used to inhibit the activity of MSTN, especially in silico approaches to the screening of natural compounds and the design of novel short peptides derived from proteins that typically interact with MSTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Afsha Fatima Qadri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ye Chan Hwang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Ju Lee, ; Inho Choi,
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Ju Lee, ; Inho Choi,
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12
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Tan Q, Li J, Yin Y, Shao W. The Role of Growth Factors in the Repair of Motor Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898152. [PMID: 35662720 PMCID: PMC9160921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyin Tan
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanmin Yin
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Weide Shao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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13
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Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Shaikh S, You HJ, Lee EY, Ali S, Lee EJ, Choi I. Molecular Mechanisms and Current Treatment Options for Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092107. [PMID: 35565236 PMCID: PMC9105812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The primary characteristics of cancer cachexia are weakness, weight loss, atrophy, fat reduction, and systemic inflammation. Cachexia is strongly associated with cancers involving the lungs, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, and liver, which account for half of all cancer deaths. TGF-β, MSTN, activin, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways are known to underlie muscle atrophy and cachexia. Anamorelin (appetite stimulation), megestrol acetate, eicosapentaenoic acid, phytocannabinoids, targeting MSTN/activin, and molecules targeting proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, are being tested as treatment options for cancer cachexia. Abstract Cancer cachexia is a condition marked by functional, metabolic, and immunological dysfunctions associated with skeletal muscle (SM) atrophy, adipose tissue loss, fat reduction, systemic inflammation, and anorexia. Generally, the condition is caused by a variety of mediators produced by cancer cells and cells in tumor microenvironments. Myostatin and activin signaling, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling, and JAK-STAT signaling are known to play roles in cachexia, and thus, these pathways are considered potential therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cachexia and the available therapeutic options and was undertaken to increase understanding of the various factors/pathways/mediators involved and to identify potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Hye Jin You
- Tumor Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.J.Y.); (E.-Y.L.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyaan 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.J.Y.); (E.-Y.L.)
| | - Shahid Ali
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.J.L.); (I.C.)
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.J.L.); (I.C.)
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14
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Lee EJ, Shaikh S, Baig MH, Park SY, Lim JH, Ahmad SS, Ali S, Ahmad K, Choi I. MIF1 and MIF2 Myostatin Peptide Inhibitors as Potent Muscle Mass Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084222. [PMID: 35457038 PMCID: PMC9031736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of peptides as drugs has progressed over time and continues to evolve as treatment paradigms change and new drugs are developed. Myostatin (MSTN) inhibition therapy has shown great promise for the treatment of muscle wasting diseases. Here, we report the MSTN-derived novel peptides MIF1 (10-mer) and MIF2 (10-mer) not only enhance myogenesis by inhibiting MSTN and inducing myogenic-related markers but also reduce adipogenic proliferation and differentiation by suppressing the expression of adipogenic markers. MIF1 and MIF2 were designed based on in silico interaction studies between MSTN and its receptor, activin type IIB receptor (ACVRIIB), and fibromodulin (FMOD). Of the different modifications of MIF1 and MIF2 examined, Ac-MIF1 and Ac-MIF2-NH2 significantly enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation as compared with non-modified peptides. Mice pretreated with Ac-MIF1 or Ac-MIF2-NH2 prior to cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury showed more muscle regeneration than non-pretreated controls, which was attributed to the induction of myogenic genes and reduced MSTN expression. These findings imply that Ac-MIF1 and Ac-MIF2-NH2 might be valuable therapeutic agents for the treatment of muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea;
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.S.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (I.C.)
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Ahmad K, Lim JH, Lee EJ, Chun HJ, Ali S, Ahmad SS, Shaikh S, Choi I. Extracellular Matrix and the Production of Cultured Meat. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123116. [PMID: 34945667 PMCID: PMC8700801 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured meat production is an evolving method of producing animal meat using tissue engineering techniques. Cells, chemical factors, and suitable biomaterials that serve as scaffolds are all essential for the cultivation of muscle tissue. Scaffolding is essential for the development of organized meat products resembling steaks because it provides the mechanical stability needed by cells to attach, differentiate, and mature. In in vivo settings, extracellular matrix (ECM) ensures substrates and scaffolds are provided for cells. The ECM of skeletal muscle (SM) maintains tissue elasticity, creates adhesion points for cells, provides a three-dimensional (3D) environment, and regulates biological processes. Consequently, creating mimics of native ECM is a difficult task. Animal-derived polymers like collagen are often regarded as the gold standard for producing scaffolds with ECM-like properties. Animal-free scaffolds are being investigated as a potential source of stable, chemically defined, low-cost materials for cultured meat production. In this review, we explore the influence of ECM on myogenesis and its role as a scaffold and vital component to improve the efficacy of the culture media used to produce cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (K.A.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (H.-J.C.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (K.A.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (H.-J.C.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (K.A.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (H.-J.C.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (K.A.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (H.-J.C.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (K.A.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (H.-J.C.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (K.A.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (H.-J.C.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (K.A.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (H.-J.C.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (K.A.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (H.-J.C.); (S.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Rabbani G, Ahn SN, Kwon H, Ahmad K, Choi I. Penta-peptide ATN-161 based neutralization mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101170. [PMID: 34778573 PMCID: PMC8578017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has become a big challenge for the scientific community worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 enters into the host cell by the spike protein binding with an ACE2 receptor present on the host cell. Developing safe and effective inhibitor appears an urgent need to interrupt the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with ACE2 receptor in order to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have examined the penta-peptide ATN-161 as potential inhibitor of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding, where ATN-161 has been commercially approved for the safety and possess high affinity and specificity towards the receptor binding domain (RBD) of S1 subunit in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We carried out experiments and confirmed these phenomena that the virus bindings were indeed minimized. ATN-161 peptide can be used as an inhibitor of protein-protein interaction (PPI) stands as a crucial interaction in biological systems. The molecular docking finding suggests that the binding energy of the ACE2-spike protein complex is reduced in the presence of ATN-161. Protein-protein docking binding energy (-40.50 kcal/mol) of the spike glycoprotein toward the human ACE2 and binding of ATN-161 at their binding interface reduced the biding energy (-26.25 kcal/mol). The finding of this study suggests that ATN-161 peptide can mask the RBD of the spike protein and be considered as a neutralizing candidate by binding with the ACE2 receptor. Peptide-based masking of spike S1 protein (RBD) and its neutralization is a highly promising strategy to prevent virus penetration into the host cell. Thus masking of the RBD leads to the loss of receptor recognition property which can reduce the chance of infection host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Rabbani
- Nano Diagnostics & Devices (NDD), IT-Medical Fusion Center, 350-27 Gumidae-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk, 39253, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeyoung Nate Ahn
- Nano Diagnostics & Devices (NDD), IT-Medical Fusion Center, 350-27 Gumidae-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk, 39253, Republic of Korea
- Fuzbien Technology Institute, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Hyunhwa Kwon
- Nano Diagnostics & Devices (NDD), IT-Medical Fusion Center, 350-27 Gumidae-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk, 39253, Republic of Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
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17
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Cell Types Used for Cultured Meat Production and the Importance of Myokines. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102318. [PMID: 34681367 PMCID: PMC8534705 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The world’s population continues to increase, meaning we require more consistent protein supply to meet demand. Despite the availability of plant-based protein alternatives, animal meat remains a popular, high-quality protein source. Research studies have focused on cultured meat (meat grown in vitro) as a safe and more efficient alternative to traditional meat. Cultured meat is produced by in vitro myogenesis, which involves the processing of muscle satellite and mature muscle cells. Meat culture efficiency is largely determined by the culture conditions, such as the cell type and cell culture medium used and the biomolecular composition. Protein production can be enhanced by providing the optimum biochemical and physical conditions for skeletal muscle cell growth, while myoblasts play important roles in skeletal muscle formation and growth. This review describes the cell types used to produce cultured meat and the biological effects of various myokines and cytokines, such as interleukin-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin-4, interleukin-15, and interleukin-1β, on skeletal muscle and myogenesis and their potential roles in cultured meat production.
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18
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Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Lee EJ, Shaikh S, Choi I. Computational Identification of Dithymoquinone as a Potential Inhibitor of Myostatin and Regulator of Muscle Mass. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175407. [PMID: 34500839 PMCID: PMC8434277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle (SM) is the largest organ in the body and has tremendous regenerative power due to its myogenic stem cell population. Myostatin (MSTN), a protein produced by SM, is released into the bloodstream and is responsible for age-related reduced muscle fiber development. The objective of this study was to identify the natural compounds that inhibit MSTN with therapeutic potential for the management of age-related disorders, specifically muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Sequential screening of 2000 natural compounds was performed, and dithymoquinone (DTQ) was found to inhibit MSTN with a binding free energy of −7.40 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the docking results showed that DTQ reduced the binding interaction between MSTN and its receptor, activin receptor type-2B (ActR2B). The global energy of MSTN-ActR2B was found to be reduced from −47.75 to −40.45 by DTQ. The stability of the DTQ–MSTN complex was subjected to a molecular dynamics analysis for up to 100 ns to check the stability of the complex using RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, and H-bond number. The complex was found to be stable after 10 ns to the end of the simulation. These results suggest that DTQ blocks MSTN signaling through ActR2B and that it has potential use as a muscle growth-promoting agent during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +82-538104769
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19
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Deres F, Schwartz S, Kappes-Horn K, Kornblum C, Reimann J. Early Changes in Skeletal Muscle of Young C22 Mice, A Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:S283-S299. [PMID: 34459411 PMCID: PMC8673495 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The C22 mouse is a Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A transgenic model with minimal axonal loss. Objective: To analyse early skeletal muscle changes resulting from this dysmyelinating neuropathy. Methods: Histology of tibialis anterior muscles of C22 mice and wild type litter mate controls for morphometric analysis and (immuno-)histochemistry for known denervation markers and candidate proteins identified by representational difference analysis (RDA) based on mRNA from the same muscles; quantitative PCR and Western blotting for confirmation of RDA findings. Results: At age 10 days, morphometry was not different between groups, while at 21 days, C22 showed significantly more small diameter fibres, indicating the onset of atrophy at an age when weakness becomes detectable. Neither (immuno-)histochemistry nor RDA detected extrajunctional expression of acetylcholine receptors by age 10 and 21 days, respectively. RDA identified some mRNA up-regulated in C22 muscles, among them at 10 days, prior to detectable weakness or atrophy, integral membrane protein 2a (Itm2a), eukaryotic initiation factor 2, subunit 2 (Eif2s2) and cytoplasmic phosphatidylinositol transfer protein 1 (Pitpnc1). However, qPCR failed to measure significant differences. In contrast, Itm2a and Eif2s2 mRNA were significantly down-regulated comparing 21 versus 10 days of age in both groups, C22 and controls. Western blotting confirmed significant down-regulation of ITM2A protein in C22 only. Conclusion: Denervation-like changes in this model develop slowly with onset of atrophy and weakness at about three weeks of age, before detection of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors. Altered Itm2a expression seems to begin early as an increase, but becomes distinct as a decrease later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Deres
- Department of Neurology, Section of Neuromuscular Diseases, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Section of Neuromuscular Diseases, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin Kappes-Horn
- Department of Neurology, Section of Neuromuscular Diseases, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kornblum
- Department of Neurology, Section of Neuromuscular Diseases, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Reimann
- Department of Neurology, Section of Neuromuscular Diseases, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
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20
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Interaction of Fibromodulin and Myostatin to Regulate Skeletal Muscle Aging: An Opposite Regulation in Muscle Aging, Diabetes, and Intracellular Lipid Accumulation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082083. [PMID: 34440852 PMCID: PMC8393414 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate fibromodulin (FMOD) and myostatin (MSTN) gene expressions during skeletal muscle aging and to understand their involvements in this process. The expressions of genes related to muscle aging (Atrogin 1 and Glb1), diabetes (RAGE and CD163), and lipid accumulation (CD36 and PPARγ) and those of FMOD and MSTN were examined in CTX-injected, aged, MSTN−/−, and high-fat diet (HFD) mice and in C2C12 myoblasts treated with ceramide or grown under adipogenic conditions. Results from CTX-injected mice and gene knockdown experiments in C2C12 cells suggested the involvement of FMOD during muscle regeneration and myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Downregulation of the FMOD gene in MSTN−/− mice, and MSTN upregulation and FMOD downregulation in FMOD and MSTN knockdown C2C12 cells, respectively, during their differentiation, suggested FMOD negatively regulates MSTN gene expression, and MSTN positively regulates FMOD gene expression. The results of our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate FMOD inhibits muscle aging by negatively regulating MSTN gene expression or by suppressing the action of MSTN protein, and that MSTN promotes muscle aging by positively regulating the expressions of Atrogin1, CD36, and PPARγ genes in muscle.
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21
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Morales-Alcala CC, Georgiou IC, Timmis AJ, Riobo-Del Galdo NA. Integral Membrane Protein 2A Is a Negative Regulator of Canonical and Non-Canonical Hedgehog Signalling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082003. [PMID: 34440772 PMCID: PMC8394137 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) receptor PTCH1 and the integral membrane protein 2A (ITM2A) inhibit autophagy by reducing autolysosome formation. In this study, we demonstrate that ITM2A physically interacts with PTCH1; however, the two proteins inhibit autophagic flux independently, since silencing of ITM2A did not prevent the accumulation of LC3BII and p62 in PTCH1-overexpressing cells, suggesting that they provide alternative modes to limit autophagy. Knockdown of ITM2A potentiated PTCH1-induced autophagic flux blockade and increased PTCH1 expression, while ITM2A overexpression reduced PTCH1 protein levels, indicating that it is a negative regulator of PTCH1 non-canonical signalling. Our study also revealed that endogenous ITM2A is necessary for timely induction of myogenic differentiation markers in C2C12 cells since partial knockdown delays the timing of differentiation. We also found that basal autophagic flux decreases during myogenic differentiation at the same time that ITM2A expression increases. Given that canonical Hh signalling prevents myogenic differentiation, we investigated the effect of ITM2A on canonical Hh signalling using GLI-luciferase assays. Our findings demonstrate that ITM2A is a strong negative regulator of GLI transcriptional activity and of GLI1 stability. In summary, ITM2A negatively regulates canonical and non-canonical Hh signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintli C. Morales-Alcala
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (C.C.M.-A.); (I.C.G.)
| | - Ioanna Ch. Georgiou
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (C.C.M.-A.); (I.C.G.)
| | - Alex J. Timmis
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Natalia A. Riobo-Del Galdo
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (C.C.M.-A.); (I.C.G.)
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0113-34-39184
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22
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Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Lee EJ, Lee YH, Choi I. Consequences of Dicarbonyl Stress on Skeletal Muscle Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:878-889. [PMID: 31746292 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191119100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body and constitutes almost 40% of body mass. It is also the primary site of insulin-mediated glucose uptake, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, that is, diminished response to insulin, is characteristic of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). One of the foremost reasons posited to explain the etiology of T2DM involves the modification of proteins by dicarbonyl stress due to an unbalanced metabolism and accumulations of dicarbonyl metabolites. The elevated concentration of dicarbonyl metabolites (i.e., glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone) leads to DNA and protein modifications, causing cell/tissue dysfunctions in several metabolic diseases such as T2DM and other age-associated diseases. In this review, we recapitulated reported effects of dicarbonyl stress on skeletal muscle and associated extracellular proteins with emphasis on the impact of T2DM on skeletal muscle and provided a brief introduction to the prevention/inhibition of dicarbonyl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
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23
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Identification of Novel FNIN2 and FNIN3 Fibronectin-Derived Peptides That Promote Cell Adhesion, Proliferation and Differentiation in Primary Cells and Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063042. [PMID: 33809794 PMCID: PMC8002551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a major rise in the demand for biotherapeutic drugs has centered on enhancing the quality and efficacy of cell culture and developing new cell culture techniques. Here, we report fibronectin (FN) derived, novel peptides fibronectin-based intergrin binding peptide (FNIN)2 (18-mer) and FNIN3 (20-mer) which promote cell adhesion proliferation, and the differentiation of primary cells and stem cells. FNIN2 and 3 were designed based on the in silico interaction studies between FN and its receptors (integrin α5β1, αvβ3, and αIIbβ3). Analysis of the proliferation of seventeen-cell types showed that the effects of FNINs depend on their concentration and the existence of expressed integrins. Significant rhodamine-labeled FNIN2 fluorescence on the membranes of HeLa, HepG2, A498, and Du145 cells confirmed physical binding. Double coating with FNIN2 or 3 after polymerized dopamine (pDa) or polymerized tannic acid (pTA) precoating increased HBEpIC cell proliferation by 30–40 percent, suggesting FNINs potently affect primary cells. Furthermore, the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treated with FNINs was significantly increased in 2D/3D culture. FNINs also promoted MSC differentiation into osteoblasts. The results of this study offer a new approach to the production of core materials (e.g., cell culture medium components, scaffolds) for cell culture.
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24
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Kato H, Maezawa Y, Takayama N, Ouchi Y, Kaneko H, Kinoshita D, Takada-Watanabe A, Oshima M, Koshizaka M, Ogata H, Kubota Y, Mitsukawa N, Eto K, Iwama A, Yokote K. Fibroblasts from different body parts exhibit distinct phenotypes in adult progeria Werner syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4946-4961. [PMID: 33627520 PMCID: PMC7950285 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS), also known as adult progeria, is characterized by accelerated aging symptoms from a young age. Patients with WS experience painful intractable skin ulcers with calcifications in their extremities, subcutaneous lipoatrophy, and sarcopenia. However, there is no significant abnormality in the trunk skin, where the subcutaneous fat relatively accumulates. The cause of such differences between the limbs and trunk is unknown. To investigate the underlying mechanism behind these phenomena, we established and analyzed dermal fibroblasts from the foot and trunk of two WS patients. As a result, WS foot-derived fibroblasts showed decreased proliferative potential compared to that from the trunk, which correlated with the telomere shortening. Transcriptome analysis showed increased expression of genes involved in osteogenesis in the foot fibroblasts, while adipogenic and chondrogenic genes were downregulated in comparison with the trunk. Consistent with these findings, the adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity was significantly decreased in the foot fibroblasts in vitro. On the other hand, the osteogenic potential was mutually maintained and comparable in the foot and trunk fibroblasts. These distinct phenotypes in the foot and trunk fibroblasts are consistent with the clinical symptoms of WS and may partially explain the underlying mechanism of this disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaya Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ouchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiyori Kaneko
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi-Shi, Chiba 289-2511, Japan
| | - Aki Takada-Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ogata
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubota
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Clinical Application, Center for IPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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25
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Lim JH, Beg MMA, Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Ahmad SS, Chun HJ, Choi D, Lee WJ, Jin JO, Kim J, Jan AT, Lee EJ, Choi I. IgLON5 Regulates the Adhesion and Differentiation of Myoblasts. Cells 2021; 10:417. [PMID: 33671182 PMCID: PMC7922608 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IgLON5 is a cell adhesion protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and has important cellular functions. The objective of this study was to determine the role played by IgLON5 during myogenesis. We found IgLON5 expression progressively increased in C2C12 myoblasts during transition from the adhesion to differentiation stage. IgLON5 knockdown (IgLON5kd) cells exhibited reduced cell adhesion, myotube formation, and maturation and reduced expressions of different types of genes, including those coding for extracellular matrix (ECM) components (COL1a1, FMOD, DPT, THBS1), cell membrane proteins (ITM2a, CDH15), and cytoskeletal protein (WASP). Furthermore, decreased IgLON5 expression in FMODkd, DPTkd, COL1a1kd, and ITM2akd cells suggested that IgLON5 and these genes mutually control gene expression during myogenesis. IgLON5 immunoneutralization resulted in significant reduction in the protein level of myogenic markers (MYOD, MYOG, MYL2). IgLON5 expression was higher in the CTX-treated gastrocnemius mice muscles (day 7), which confirmed increase expression of IgLON5 during muscle. Collectively, these results suggest IgLON5 plays an important role in myogenesis, muscle regeneration, and that proteins in ECM and myoblast membranes form an interactive network that establishes an essential microenvironment that ensures muscle stem cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Hee Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Dukhwan Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Woo-Jong Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Korea;
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India;
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.M.A.B.); (S.S.); (S.S.A.); (H.J.C.); (D.C.); (J.-O.J.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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26
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Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Lee EJ, Lee YH, Choi I. Implications of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Skeletal Muscle and Various Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081773. [PMID: 32722232 PMCID: PMC7465464 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an essential tissue that attaches to bones and facilitates body movements. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a hormone found in blood that plays an important role in skeletal myogenesis and is importantly associated with muscle mass entity, strength development, and degeneration and increases the proliferative capacity of muscle satellite cells (MSCs). IGF-1R is an IGF-1 receptor with a transmembrane location that activates PI3K/Akt signaling and possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and its expression is significant in terms of myoblast proliferation and normal muscle mass maintenance. IGF-1 synthesis is elevated in MSCs of injured muscles and stimulates MSCs proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Mechanical loading also affects skeletal muscle production by IGF-1, and low IGF-1 levels are associated with low handgrip strength and poor physical performance. IGF-1 is potentially useful in the management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, muscle atrophy, and promotes neurite development. This review highlights the role of IGF-1 in skeletal muscle, its importance during myogenesis, and its involvement in different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (I.C.); Fax: +82-53-810-4769
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (I.C.); Fax: +82-53-810-4769
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27
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Implications of Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113845. [PMID: 32481704 PMCID: PMC7312063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a scaffold for cells, controlling biological processes and providing structural as well as mechanical support to surrounding cells. Disruption of ECM homeostasis results in several pathological conditions. Skeletal muscle ECM is a complex network comprising collagens, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and elastin. Recent therapeutic approaches targeting ECM remodeling have been extensively deliberated. Various ECM components are typically found to be augmented in the skeletal muscle of obese and/or diabetic humans. Skeletal muscle ECM remodeling is thought to be a feature of the pathogenic milieu allied with metabolic dysregulation, obesity, and eventual diabetes. This narrative review explores the current understanding of key components of skeletal muscle ECM and their specific roles in the regulation of metabolic diseases. Additionally, we discuss muscle-specific integrins and their role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. A better understanding of the importance of skeletal muscle ECM remodeling, integrin signaling, and other factors that regulate insulin activity may help in the development of novel therapeutics for managing diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
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28
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Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Ahmad SS, Lee EJ, Choi I. Cross-Talk Between Extracellular Matrix and Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Myopathies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:142. [PMID: 32184725 PMCID: PMC7058629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) comprises around 40% of total body weight and is among the most important plastic tissues, as it supports skeletal development, controls body temperature, and manages glucose levels. Extracellular matrix (ECM) maintains the integrity of SM, enables biochemical signaling, provides structural support, and plays a vital role during myogenesis. Several human diseases are coupled with dysfunctions of the ECM, and several ECM components are involved in disease pathologies that affect almost all organ systems. Thus, mutations in ECM genes that encode proteins and their transmembrane receptors can result in diverse SM diseases, a large proportion of which are types of fibrosis and muscular dystrophy. In this review, we present major ECM components of SMs related to muscle-associated diseases, and discuss two major ECM myopathies, namely, collagen myopathy and laminin myopathies, and their therapeutic managements. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying these ECM-related myopathies would undoubtedly aid the discovery of novel treatments for these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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29
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Li C, Ha P, Jiang W, Haveles CS, Zheng Z, Zou M. Fibromodulin - A New Target of Osteoarthritis Management? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1475. [PMID: 31920661 PMCID: PMC6927287 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pin Ha
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wenlu Jiang
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christos S Haveles
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Min Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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30
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Transthyretin Maintains Muscle Homeostasis Through the Novel Shuttle Pathway of Thyroid Hormones During Myoblast Differentiation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121565. [PMID: 31817149 PMCID: PMC6952784 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the largest part of the total body mass, influences energy and protein metabolism as well as maintaining homeostasis. Herein, we demonstrate that during murine muscle satellite cell and myoblast differentiation, transthyretin (TTR) can exocytose via exosomes and enter cells as TTR- thyroxine (T4) complex, which consecutively induces the intracellular triiodothyronine (T3) level, followed by T3 secretion out of the cell through the exosomes. The decrease in T3 with the TTR level in 26-week-old mouse muscle, compared to that in 16-week-old muscle, suggests an association of TTR with old muscle. Subsequent studies, including microarray analysis, demonstrated that T3-regulated genes, such as FNDC5 (Fibronectin type III domain containing 5, irisin) and RXRγ (Retinoid X receptor gamma), are influenced by TTR knockdown, implying that thyroid hormones and TTR coordinate with each other with respect to muscle growth and development. These results suggest that, in addition to utilizing T4, skeletal muscle also distributes generated T3 to other tissues and has a vital role in sensing the intracellular T4 level. Furthermore, the results of TTR function with T4 in differentiation will be highly useful in the strategic development of novel therapeutics related to muscle homeostasis and regeneration.
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Damanti S, Azzolino D, Roncaglione C, Arosio B, Rossi P, Cesari M. Efficacy of Nutritional Interventions as Stand-Alone or Synergistic Treatments with Exercise for the Management of Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1991. [PMID: 31443594 PMCID: PMC6770476 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related and accelerated process characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength/function. It is a multifactorial process associated with several adverse outcomes including falls, frailty, functional decline, hospitalization, and mortality. Hence, sarcopenia represents a major public health problem and has become the focus of intense research. Unfortunately, no pharmacological treatments are yet available to prevent or treat this age-related condition. At present, the only strategies for the management of sarcopenia are mainly based on nutritional and physical exercise interventions. The purpose of this review is, thus, to provide an overview on the role of proteins and other key nutrients, alone or in combination with physical exercise, on muscle parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Damanti
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Phd Course in Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Azzolino
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Phd Course in Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Roncaglione
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Li S, Liu D, Fu Y, Zhang C, Tong H, Li S, Yan Y. Podocan Promotes Differentiation of Bovine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Regulating the Wnt4-β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1010. [PMID: 31447699 PMCID: PMC6692459 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Small leucine-rich repeat proteins (SLRPs) are highly effective and selective modulators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Podocan is a newly discovered member of the SLRP family. Its potential roles in the differentiation of bovine muscle-derived satellite cells (MDSCs) and its underlying functional mechanism remain unclear. Our study aimed to characterize the function of the podocan gene in the differentiation of bovine MDSCs and to clarify the molecular mechanism by which podocan functions in order to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism by which extracellular matrix promotes bovine MDSC differentiation and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of beef quality. Methods Bovine MDSCs were transfected with vectors to overexpress or inhibit podocan, and podocan protein was added to differentiation culture medium. qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the effects of podocan on MDSC differentiation. Confocal microscopy and western blotting were used to assess the nuclear translocation and expression of β-catenin. An inhibitor and activator of β-catenin were used to assess the effects of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on MDSC differentiation. We inhibited β-catenin while overexpressing podocan in MDSCs. Then, we performed mass spectrometry to identify which proteins interact with podocan to regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Finally, we confirmed the relationship between podocan and Wnt4 by co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Results Podocan protein expression increased significantly during bovine MDSC differentiation. Differentiation of bovine MDSC was promoted and suppressed by podocan overexpression or inhibition, respectively. Podocan was also shown to modulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Treatment of bovine MDSCs with β-catenin inhibitor and activator showed that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in bovine MDSC differentiation. Furthermore, the effect of podocan on bovine MDSC differentiation was suppressed when this pathway was inhibited. We also found that podocan interacts with Wnt4. When Wnt4 was inhibited, podocan-induced promotion of bovine MDSC differentiation was attenuated through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusion Podocan regulates Wnt/β-catenin through Wnt4 to promote bovine MDSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuying Fu
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huili Tong
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunqin Yan
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Kim T, Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Jan AT, Seo MG, Lee EJ, Choi I. Dermatopontin in Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix Regulates Myogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040332. [PMID: 30970625 PMCID: PMC6523808 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatopontin (DPT) is an extensively distributed non-collagenous component of the extracellular matrix predominantly found in the dermis of the skin, and consequently expressed in several tissues. In this study, we explored the role of DPT in myogenesis and perceived that it enhances the cell adhesion, reduces the cell proliferation and promotes the myoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells. Our results reveal an inhibitory effect with fibronectin (FN) in myoblast differentiation. We also observed that DPT and fibromodulin (FMOD) regulate positively to each other and promote myogenic differentiation. We further predicted the 3D structure of DPT, which is as yet unknown, and validated it using state-of-the-art in silico tools. Furthermore, we explored the in-silico protein-protein interaction between DPT-FMOD, DPT-FN, and FMOD-FN, and perceived that the interaction between FMOD-FN is more robust than DPT-FMOD and DPT-FN. Taken together, our findings have determined the role of DPT at different stages of the myogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185236, India.
| | - Myung-Gi Seo
- Department of Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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Yan X, Wu Y, Zhong F, Jiang Q, Zhou T, Guo Y, Yang X, Liang J, Joshua Liao D, Lan G. iTRAQ and PRM-based quantitative proteomics in T2DM-susceptible and -tolerant models of Bama mini-pig. Gene 2018; 675:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Multifaceted Interweaving Between Extracellular Matrix, Insulin Resistance, and Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100148. [PMID: 30249008 PMCID: PMC6211053 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle provides movement and support to the skeleton, controls body temperature, and regulates the glucose level within the body. This is the core tissue of insulin-mediated glucose uptake via glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides integrity and biochemical signals and plays an important role in myogenesis. In addition, it undergoes remodeling upon injury and/or repair, which is also related to insulin resistance (IR), a major cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Altered signaling of integrin and ECM remodeling in diet-induced obesity is associated with IR. This review highlights the interweaving relationship between the ECM, IR, and skeletal muscle. In addition, the importance of the ECM in muscle integrity as well as cellular functions is explored. IR and skeletal muscle ECM remodeling has been discussed in clinical and nonclinical aspects. Furthermore, this review considers the role of ECM glycation and its effects on skeletal muscle homeostasis, concentrating on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as an important risk factor for the development of IR. Understanding this complex interplay between the ECM, muscle, and IR may improve knowledge and help develop new ideas for novel therapeutics for several IR-associated myopathies and diabetes.
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Knockdown of Fibromodulin Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of RPE Cell via the VEGFR2-AKT Pathway. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:5708537. [PMID: 30298106 PMCID: PMC6157207 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5708537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent research has provided novel insight into the function of fibromodulin (FMOD) in wound healing and angiogenesis. The role of FMOD in initiation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) has not been studied. This study investigated the effect of FMOD on human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell, which plays an essential role in the progression of PVR, and the possible mechanisms. Methods Small interfering (si) RNA-based gene transfer technology was used to decrease FMOD expression and to study its effects on RPEs in vitro. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, transwells, and flow cytometry analysis were used to measure cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Western blot was used to measure expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K/AKT). Results After transfection of RPEs with a FMOD-specific siRNA, cell proliferation and migration were inhibited to the percentage of 65% ± 5% and 39% ± 10%, respectively, compared to the control group. Depletion of FMOD induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in RPE cells. Downregulation of VEGF, VEGFR2, and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) were detected in transfected RPEs. Conclusion Depletion of FMOD selectively downregulated the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 and inhibited the signaling pathway of AKT phosphorylation, which consequently inhibited the proliferation and migration of RPE Cell.
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Lee EJ, Nam JH, Choi I. Fibromodulin modulates myoblast differentiation by controlling calcium channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:580-585. [PMID: 29913145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibromodulin (FMOD) is a proteoglycan present in extracellular matrix (ECM). Based on our previous findings that FMOD controls myoblast differentiation by regulating the gene expressions of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1α1) and integral membrane protein 2 A (Itm2a), we undertook this study to investigate relationships between FMOD and calcium channels and to understand further the mechanism by which they control myoblast differentiation. Gene expression studies and luciferase reporter assays showed FMOD affected calcium channel gene expressions by regulating calcium channel gene promoter, and patch-clamp experiments showed both L- and T-type calcium channel currents were almost undetectable in FMOD knocked down cells. In addition, gene knock-down studies demonstrated the COL1α1 and Itm2a genes both regulate the expressions of calcium channel genes. Studies using a cardiotoxin-induced mouse muscle injury model demonstrated calcium channels play important roles in the regeneration of muscle tissue, possibly by promoting the differentiation of muscle stem cells (MSCs). Summarizing, the study demonstrates ECM components secreted by myoblasts during differentiation provide an essential environment for muscle differentiation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University, College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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