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Bakinowska E, Kiełbowski K, Skórka P, Dach A, Olejnik-Wojciechowska J, Szwedkowicz A, Pawlik A. Non-Coding RNA as Biomarkers and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5144. [PMID: 38791187 PMCID: PMC11121563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a broad family of molecules that regulate gene expression, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, amongst others. Dysregulated expression of ncRNAs alters gene expression, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. Studies have found that altered expression of ncRNAs may contribute to tumourigenesis through regulating proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance and metastasis. This review describes the potential use of ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, we discuss the involvement of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, including their interactions with the members of major signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (P.S.); (A.D.); (J.O.-W.); (A.S.)
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2
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Tang D, Xu H, Du X. The role of non-canonical Hippo pathway in regulating immune homeostasis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:498. [PMID: 37941053 PMCID: PMC10631157 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a crucial signaling pathway that is highly conserved throughout evolution for the regulation of organ size and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Initial studies have primarily focused on the canonical Hippo pathway, which governs organ development, tissue regeneration, and tumorigenesis. In recent years, extensive research has revealed that the non-canonical Hippo pathway, centered around Mst1/2 as its core molecule, plays a pivotal role in immune response and function by synergistically interacting with other signal transduction pathways. Consequently, the non-canonical Hippo pathway assumes significant importance in maintaining immune system homeostasis. This review concentrates on the research progress of the non-canonical Hippo pathway in regulating innate immune cell anti-infection responses, maintaining redox homeostasis, responding to microenvironmental stiffness, and T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagang Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Ophtalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400012, China
| | - Xing Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 YouYi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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3
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Liu C, Li S, Tang Y. Mechanism of cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer and associated microRNAs. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:329-340. [PMID: 37535106 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates that seriously affects human health worldwide. Although surgery is currently the preferred clinical treatment for GC, chemotherapy remains the first choice for perioperative treatment, adjuvant therapy, and palliative care for patients with advanced GC. Cisplatin (DDP) is an antineoplastic agent that has been used clinically for decades, and it is the first-line chemotherapy for many solid tumors. However, the therapeutic efficacy of DDP is often limited by resistance and the complexity of its resistance mechanisms, which involve multiple proteins and signaling pathways. It is well documented that a variety of microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in DDP-resistant GC cells play important roles in regulating or reversing DDP resistance via various pathways. In this review, we first provide an introduction to the cytotoxicity and major resistance mechanisms of DDP in GC and then discuss the role and mechanism of miRNAs in regulating the DDP resistance process in GC cells. This work demonstrates the potential of relevant miRNAs to become diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer and targets of action to enhance chemosensitivity and provides directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Shaoyang County, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Alsaab HO, Abdullaev B, Alkhafaji AT, Alawadi AH, Jahlan I, Bahir H, Bisht YS, Alsaalamy A, Jabbar AM, Mustafa YF. A comprehension of signaling pathways and drug resistance; an insight into the correlation between microRNAs and cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154848. [PMID: 37862919 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of numerous therapies, cancer remains an incurable disease due to various factors, including drug resistance produced by cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate different target genes involved in biological and pathological processes, including cancer, through post-transcriptional mechanisms. The development of drug resistance in cancer treatment is a significant barrier because it decreases drug uptake, cellular transport, and changes in proteins involved in cell proliferation, survival, and apoptotic pathways. Numerous studies have found a connection between miRNAs and the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. This paper provides a broad overview of how miRNAs regulate signaling pathways and influence treatment resistance in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bekhzod Abdullaev
- Research Department of Biotechnology, New Uzbekistan University, Mustaqillik Avenue 54, Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Central Asian University, Milliy Bog Street 264, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan.
| | | | - Ahmed Hussien Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ibtesam Jahlan
- Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Bahir
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yashwant Singh Bisht
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Abeer Mhussan Jabbar
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
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Matulić M, Gršković P, Petrović A, Begić V, Harabajsa S, Korać P. miRNA in Molecular Diagnostics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090459. [PMID: 36135005 PMCID: PMC9495386 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression on post-transcriptional level. Their biogenesis consists of a complex series of sequential processes, and they regulate expression of many genes involved in all cellular processes. Their function is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of a single cell; therefore, their aberrant expression contributes to development and progression of many diseases, especially malignant tumors and viral infections. Moreover, they can be associated with certain states of a specific disease, obtained in the least invasive manner for patients and analyzed with basic molecular methods used in clinical laboratories. Because of this, they have a promising potential to become very useful biomarkers and potential tools in personalized medicine approaches. In this review, miRNAs biogenesis, significance in cancer and infectious diseases, and current available test and methods for their detection are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Matulić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paula Gršković
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Petrović
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerija Begić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Primary School “Sesvetski Kraljevec”, 10361 Sesvetski Kraljevec, Croatia
| | - Suzana Harabajsa
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Division of Pulmonary Cytology Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Korać
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4606-278
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Luo Y, Xiang W, Liu Z, Yao L, Tang L, Tan W, Ye P, Deng J, Xiao J. Functional role of the SLC7A11-AS1/xCT axis in the development of gastric cancer cisplatin-resistance by a GSH-dependent mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 184:53-65. [PMID: 35367340 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy is a major obstacle in gastric cancer (GC) treatment. Abundant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported to play important roles in tumorigenesis and drug resistance biology. Herein, we report that the SLC7A11-AS1 and xCT are involved in cisplatin resistance in GC. SLC7A11-AS1 was downregulated and xCT was upregulated in cisplatin-resistant GC tissues and cell lines. GC patients with low expression of SLC7A11-AS1 and high expression of xCT had a poor prognosis and relatively poor response to chemotherapy. Overexpression of SLC7A11-AS1 weakened GC growth, reduced intracellular GSH biosynthesis, enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and conferred sensitivity to cisplatin to resistant GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SLC7A11-AS1 directly suppressed xCT expression, while miR-33a-5p remarkably reduced SLC7A11-AS1 and xCT expression by directly targeting the SLC7A11-AS1 and xCT 3'UTRs. In addition, we found that low SLC7A11-AS1 expression activated the p38MAPK-JNK signaling pathway, and increased the expression of cisplatin export gene ATP7A and the GSH biosynthesis gene GCLM in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Luo
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanping Xiang
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China; The Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilin Liu
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yao
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghan Tang
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Tan
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Ye
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Deng
- The Department of of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Xiao
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China.
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Loren P, Saavedra N, Saavedra K, De Godoy Torso N, Visacri MB, Moriel P, Salazar LA. Contribution of MicroRNAs in Chemoresistance to Cisplatin in the Top Five Deadliest Cancer: An Updated Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:831099. [PMID: 35444536 PMCID: PMC9015654 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.831099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) is a well-known anticancer drug used for the treatment of numerous human cancers in solid organs, including bladder, breast, cervical, head and neck squamous cell, ovarian, among others. Its most important mode of action is the DNA-platinum adducts formation, inducing DNA damage response, silencing or activating several genes to induce apoptosis; these mechanisms result in genetics and epigenetics modifications. The ability of DDP to induce tumor cell death is often challenged by the presence of anti-apoptotic regulators, leading to chemoresistance, wherein many patients who have or will develop DDP-resistance. Cancer cells resist the apoptotic effect of chemotherapy, being a problem that severely restricts the successful results of treatment for many human cancers. In the last 30 years, researchers have discovered there are several types of RNAs, and among the most important are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a class of RNAs that are not involved in protein production, but they are implicated in gene expression regulation, and representing the 98% of the human genome non-translated. Some ncRNAs of great interest are long ncRNAs, circular RNAs, and microRNAs (miRs). Accumulating studies reveal that aberrant miRs expression can affect the development of chemotherapy drug resistance, by modulating the expression of relevant target proteins. Thus, identifying molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance development is fundamental for setting strategies to improve the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Therefore, this review aimed to identify and summarize miRs that modulate chemoresistance in DDP-resistant in the top five deadliest cancer, both in vitro and in vivo human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía Loren
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | | | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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RNA-Seq of Cyst Nematode Infestation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081008. [PMID: 35448735 PMCID: PMC9025382 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food crop worldwide, and potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) are among the most serious pests. The identification of disease resistance genes and molecular markers for PCN infestation can aid in crop improvement research programs against PCN infestation. In the present study, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to investigate the comprehensive resistance mechanisms induced by PCN infestation in the resistant cultivar Kufri Swarna and the susceptible cultivar Kufri Jyoti. PCN infestation induced 791 differentially expressed genes in resistant cultivar Kufri Swarna, comprising 438 upregulated and 353 downregulated genes. In susceptible cultivar Kufri Jyoti, 2225 differentially expressed genes were induced, comprising 1247 upregulated and 978 downregulated genes. We identified several disease resistance genes (KIN) and transcription factors (WRKY, HMG, and MYB) that were upregulated in resistant Kufri Swarna. The differentially expressed genes from several enriched KEGG pathways, including MAPK signaling, contributed to the disease resistance in Kufri Swarna. Functional network analysis showed that several cell wall biogenesis genes were induced in Kufri Swarna in response to infestation. This is the first study to identify underlying resistance mechanisms against PCN and host interaction in Indian potato varieties.
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Li J, Wang H. H3K27ac-activated EGFR-AS1 promotes cell growth in cervical cancer through ACTN4-mediated WNT pathway. Biol Direct 2022; 17:3. [PMID: 34998421 PMCID: PMC8742952 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, extensive studies unveiled that lncRNAs exert critical function in the development and progression of cervical cancer (CC). EGFR-AS1 is a novel lncRNA which has not been well-explored in CC. Aims Our study aimed to research the function and molecular mechanism of EGFR-AS1 in CC cells. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to detect gene expression. Colony formation, EdU, flow cytometry, TUNEL, western blot and transwell assays were performed to assess the effect of EGFR-AS1 on CC cell growth. The regulatory mechanism of EGFR-AS1 was dug out through mechanism experiments. Results EGFR-AS1 was notably overexpressed in CC cell lines. Loss-of-functional experiments revealed that EGFR-AS1 promoted CC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and suppressed cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, up-regulation of EGFR-AS1 was attributed to the activation of H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac). Further, EGFR-AS1 was revealed to function as miR-2355-5p sponge. Additionally, miR-2355-5p was down-regulated in CC cells and ACTN4 was identified as a target gene of miR-2355-5p. Ultimately, overexpressed ACTN4 could reserve the suppressive role of EGFR-AS1 silencing in CC cell growth. Last but not least, EGFR-AS1 facilitated CC cell growth via ACTN4-mediated WNT pathway. Conclusions H3K27ac-activated EGFR-AS1 sponged miR-2355-5p and promoted CC cell growth through ACTN4-mediated WNT pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13062-021-00315-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shandong Province, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hongshan District, No. 116 Zhuodaoquan South Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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Yue Y, Lin X, Qiu X, Yang L, Wang R. The Molecular Roles and Clinical Implications of Non-Coding RNAs in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:802745. [PMID: 34966746 PMCID: PMC8711095 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.802745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. It is also the fifth most common cancer in China. In recent years, a large number of studies have proved that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can regulate cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. NcRNAs also influence the therapeutic resistance of gastric cancer. NcRNAs mainly consist of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs. In this paper, we summarized ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer, and also reviewed their role in clinical trials and diagnosis. We sum up different ncRNAs and related moleculars and signaling pathway in gastric cancer, like Bcl-2, PTEN, Wnt signaling. In addition, the potential clinical application of ncRNAs in overcoming chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance in GC in the future were also focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinrong Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Liu Y, Ao X, Ji G, Zhang Y, Yu W, Wang J. Mechanisms of Action And Clinical Implications of MicroRNAs in the Drug Resistance of Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768918. [PMID: 34912714 PMCID: PMC8667691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive systems worldwide, with high recurrence and mortality. Chemotherapy is still the standard treatment option for GC and can effectively improve the survival and life quality of GC patients. However, with the emergence of drug resistance, the clinical application of chemotherapeutic agents has been seriously restricted in GC patients. Although the mechanisms of drug resistance have been broadly investigated, they are still largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large group of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) widely involved in the occurrence and progression of many cancer types, including GC. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that miRNAs may play crucial roles in the development of drug resistance by regulating some drug resistance-related proteins as well as gene expression. Some also exhibit great potential as novel biomarkers for predicting drug response to chemotherapy and therapeutic targets for GC patients. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in miRNAs and focus on their molecular mechanisms in the development of drug resistance in GC progression. We also highlight the potential of drug resistance-related miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoqiang Ji
- Clinical Laboratory, Linqu People's Hospital, Linqu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Jia Y, Tian C, Wang H, Yu F, Lv W, Duan Y, Cheng Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu T, Wang J, Liu L. Long non-coding RNA NORAD/miR-224-3p/MTDH axis contributes to CDDP resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by promoting nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:162. [PMID: 34893064 PMCID: PMC8662861 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cis-diamminedichloro-platinum (CDDP)-based chemotherapy regimens are the most predominant treatment strategies for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to CDDP resistance, which results in treatment failure in ESCC patients. However, the majority of lncRNAs involved in CDDP resistance in ESCC remain to be elucidated. METHODS The public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE45670 was analysed to reveal potential lncRNAs involved in CDDP resistance of ESCC. Candidate upregulated lncRNAs were detected in ESCC specimens by qRT-PCR to identify crucial lncRNAs. Non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) was selected for further study. Kaplan-Meier analysis and a COX proportional regression model were performed to analyse the potential of NORAD for predicting prognosis of ESCC patients. The role of NORAD in CDDP resistance were determined by conducting gain and loss-of-function experiments in vitro. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to determine the subcellular location of NORAD in ESCC cells. A public GEO dataset and bioinformatic algorithms were used to predict the microRNAs (miRNAs) that might be latently sponged by NORAD. qRT-PCR was conducted to verify the expression of candidate miRNAs. Luciferase reporter and Argonaute-2 (Ago2)-RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were conducted to evaluate the interaction between NORAD and candidate miRNAs. A miRNA rescue experiment was performed to authenticate the NORAD regulatory axis and its effects on CDDP resistance in ESCC cells. Western blotting was conducted to confirm the precise downstream signalling pathway of NORAD. A xenograft mouse model was established to reveal the effect of NORAD on CDDP resistance in vivo. RESULTS The expression of NORAD was higher in CDDP-resistant ESCC tissues and cells than in CDDP-sensitive tissues and cells. NORAD expression was negatively correlated with the postoperative prognosis of ESCC patients who underwent CDDP-based chemotherapy. NORAD knockdown partially arrested CDDP resistance of ESCC cells. FISH showed that NORAD was located in the cytoplasm in ESCC cells. Furthermore, overlapping results from bioinformatic algorithms analyses and qRT-PCR showed that NORAD could sponge miR-224-3p in ESCC cells. Ago2-RIP demonstrated that NORAD and miR-224-3p occupied the same Ago2 to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and subsequently regulated the expression of metadherin (MTDH) in ESCC cells. The NORAD/miR-224-3p/MTDH axis promoted CDDP resistance and progression in ESCC cells by promoting nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS NORAD upregulates MTDH to promote CDDP resistance and progression in ESCC by sponging miR-224-3p. Our results highlight the potential of NORAD as a therapeutic target in ESCC patients receiving CDDP-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Jia
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Cong Tian
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Zishuo Cheng
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Xuexiao Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Tianxu Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China. .,Cancer Research Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China. .,China International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
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13
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Wei X, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Wang H, Gu K. miR-338-5p-ZEB2 axis in Diagnostic, Therapeutic Predictive and Prognostic Value of Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:6756-6772. [PMID: 34659565 PMCID: PMC8518007 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs have been widely reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of cancers. So far, some studies have revealed that miR-338-5p has the functions of tumorigenesis and tumor suppression. However, the role of miR-338-5p in the pathogenesis, progression and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) has not been reported. MiRNAs microarray analysis showed for the first time that miR-338-5p was significantly lower-expression in cisplin-resistant GC cells SGC7901/DDP, and cell viability assay and flow cytometry confirmed that overexpression of miR-338-5p could significantly increase cisplatin-sensitivity of SGC7901/DDP and BGC823 cells. Subsequently, we found that the expression of miR-338-5p in postoperative cancer tissues of GC patients was also significantly lower than the corresponding paracancer tissues. The expression of miR-338-5p in peripheral blood serum of GC patients is generally lower than that of healthy people. Moreover, the low expression of miR-338-5p in the cancer tissues and serum of GC patients was closely associated with larger tumor volume, lymph node metastasis, later stage, and even poorer survival, which was confirmed by close 5-year cases follow-up. ZEB2, as a predictive target of miR-338-5p, its expression was negatively regulated by miR-338-5p and can promote cisplatin-resistance in SGC7901/DDP and BGC823 cells. The expression of ZEB2 in cisplatin-resistant SGC7901/DDP cells and GC tissues were significantly higher than SGC7901 cells and paracancer tissues, respectively. Moreover, the expression of ZEB2 in tumor tissues was negatively correlated with miR-338-5p in tumor tissues and peripheral blood serum of GC patients, and the abnormally high expression of ZEB2 in prospective case studies is positively related with more serious clinical pathology and worse survival. More meaningfully, in a retrospective case study, we found that high ZEB2 expression predicts worse clinical efficacy of platinum chemotherapy. Thus, miR-338-5p-ZEB2 axis have novel diagnostic, therapeutic predictive, and prognostic value in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jiejie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Kangsheng Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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14
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Di Y, Jiang Y, Shen X, Liu J, Gao Y, Cai H, Sun X, Ning D, Liu B, Lei J, Jin S. Downregulation of miR-135b-5p Suppresses Progression of Esophageal Cancer and Contributes to the Effect of Cisplatin. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679348. [PMID: 34277424 PMCID: PMC8281352 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the commonest human cancers, which accompany high morbidity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in various cancers, including EC. Our research aimed to reveal the function and mechanism of miR-135b-5p. Our research identified that miR-135b-5p was elevated in EC samples from TCGA database. Correspondingly real-time PCR assay also showed the miR-135b-5p is also higher expressed in Eca109, EC9706, KYSE150 cells than normal esophageal epithelial cells (Het-1A). CCK8, Edu, wound healing, Transwell assay, and western blot demonstrated miR-135b-5p inhibition suppresses proliferation, invasion, migration and promoted the apoptosis in Eca109 and EC9706 cells. Moreover, the miR-135b-5p inhibition also inhibited xenograft lump growth. We then predicted the complementary gene of miR-135b-5p using miRTarBase, TargetScan, and DIANA-microT. TXNIP was estimated as a complementary gene for miR-135b-5p. Luciferase report assay verified the direct binding site for miR-135b-5p and TXNIP. Real-time PCR and western blot assays showed that the inhibition of miR-135b-5p remarkably enhanced the levels of TXNIP in Eca109 and EC9706 cells. Furthermore, cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, DDP) decreased miR-135b-5p expression and increased TXNIP expression. Enhanced expression of miR-135b-5p attenuated the inhibitory ability of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, DDP) in Eca109 cells, accompanied by TXNIP downregulation. In conclusion, the downregulation of miR-135b-5p suppresses the progression of EC through targeting TXNIP. MiR-135b-5p/TXNIP pathway contributes to the anti-tumor effect of DDP. These findings may provide new insight into the treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Di
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuyun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huimin Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaji Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shizhu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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15
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Prognostic impact of lymph node micrometastasis in patients with gastric cancer. Surg Today 2021; 52:61-68. [PMID: 34023972 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-021-02302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical significance of lymph node micrometastasis (LNMM) remains controversial in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we investigated the prognostic impact of LNMM in patients with GC. METHODS A total of 624 patients with pathologically lymph node metastasis-negative (pN0) and N1 status (pN1) who underwent gastrectomy between 2004 and 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The diameter of tumor cell clusters in metastatic lymph nodes was measured in 120 patients with pN1 GC. RESULTS Patients with lymph node tumors < 1500 μm in diameter (LNMM) had a significantly better prognosis than those with tumors ≥ 1500 μm in diameter (p = 0.012; log-rank test). Cox's proportional hazards model revealed that LNMM (p = 0.016), several dissected lymph nodes (p = 0.049), and the provision of adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors for the overall survival of patients with pN1 GC. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between patients with LNMM who received chemotherapy and those who did not (p = 0.332). CONCLUSIONS LNMM is associated with a favorable prognosis and maybe an independent prognostic marker in patients with pN1 GC. LNMM in GC may be considered a factor preventing adjuvant chemotherapy.
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16
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Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. The mechanism of how GC develops is vague, and therapies are inefficient. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumorigenesis has attracted the attention from many scientists. During the development of GC, miRNAs function in the regulation of different phenotypes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, drug sensitivity and resistance, and stem-cell-like properties. MiRNAs were evaluated for use in diagnostic and prognostic predictions and exhibited considerable accuracy. Although many problems exist for the application of therapy, current studies showed the antitumor effects of miRNAs. This paper reviews recent advances in miRNA mechanisms in the development of GC and the potential use of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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17
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Sun J, Wang X, Zhang Z, Zeng Z, Ouyang S, Kang W. The Sensitivity Prediction of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:641304. [PMID: 33937042 PMCID: PMC8085495 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.641304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACT) for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) has been recognized. However, the response rate of NACT is limited due to tumor heterogeneity. For patients who are resistant to NACT, not only the operation timing will be postponed, patients will also suffer from the side effects of it. Thus, it is important to develop a comprehensive strategy and screen out patients who may be sensitive to NACT. This article summarizes the related research progress on the sensitivity prediction of NACT for GC in the following aspects: microRNAs, metabolic enzymes, exosomes, other biomarkers; inflammatory indicators, and imageological assessments. The results showed that there were many studies on biomarkers, but no unified conclusion has been drawn. The inflammatory indicators are related to the survival and prognosis of patients under NACT. For imageological assessments such as CT, MRI, and PET, with careful integration and optimization, they will have unique advantages in early screening for patients who are sensitive to NACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Zimu Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Zeng
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Siwen Ouyang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Weiming Kang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, China
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18
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Jin X, Zhu L, Xiao S, Cui Z, Tang J, Yu J, Xie M. MST1 inhibits the progression of breast cancer by regulating the Hippo signaling pathway and may serve as a prognostic biomarker. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:383. [PMID: 33760220 PMCID: PMC7986037 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy threatening the health of women worldwide, and the incidence rate has significantly increased in the last 10 years. Mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1 (MST1) is involved in the development of various types of malignant tumor. The present study aimed to investigate the role of MST1 in BCa and its potential involvement in the poor prognosis of patients with BCa. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression levels of MST1 in BCa, and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with BCa were further analyzed by statistical analysis. MST1 was overexpressed in BCa cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3). Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and flow cytometry assays were used to analyze cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, and a wound healing assay was used to analyze cell migration. The results of the present study revealed that the downregulated expression levels of MST1 in BCa were closely associated with the poor prognosis of patients, and MST1 may be an independent risk factor for BCa. The overexpression of MST1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration, and promoted the apoptosis of BCa cells. In addition, the overexpression of MST1 significantly activated the Hippo signaling pathway. Treatment with XMU-MP-1 downregulated the expression levels of MST1 and partially reversed the inhibitory effects of MST1 on proliferation, migration and apoptosis-related proteins, and inhibited the Hippo signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that MST1 expression levels may be downregulated in BCa and closely associated with tumor size and clinical stage, as well as the poor prognosis of affected patients. Furthermore, MST1 may inhibit the progression of BCa by targeting the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuhong Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangyong Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
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19
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Zeng X, Wang HY, Bai SY, Pu K, Wang YP, Zhou YN. The Roles of microRNAs in Multidrug-Resistance Mechanisms in Gastric Cancer. Curr Mol Med 2021; 20:667-674. [PMID: 32209033 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200226124336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the most significant reasons for the
chemotherapeutics failure in gastric cancer. Although accumulating investigations and
researches have been made to elucidate the mechanisms of multidrug resistance, the
detail is far from completely understood. The importance of microRNAs in cancer
chemotherapeutic resistance has been demonstrated recently, which provides a new
strategy to overcome multidrug resistance. The different mechanisms are related to the
phenomena of MDR itself and the roles of miRNAs in these multi-mechanisms by which
MDR is acquired. In turn, the aim of this review was to summarize recent publications of
microRNAs in regulating MDR in gastric cancer, thereby potentially developing as
targeted therapies. Further unraveling the roles of microRNAs in MDR mechanisms
including the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, autophagy induction,
cancer stem cell regulation, hypoxia induction, DNA damage and repair, epigenetic
regulation, and exosomes in gastric cancer will be helpful for us to win the battle against
it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao-Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The first Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Su-Yang Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The first Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The first Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The first Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The first Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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20
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Non-coding RNAs underlying chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:961-988. [PMID: 32495294 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health issue in the Western world. Current clinical imperatives for this disease include the identification of more effective biomarkers to detect GC at early stages and enhance the prevention and treatment of metastatic and chemoresistant GC. The advent of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which GC cells acquire features of therapy resistance. ncRNAs play critical roles in normal physiology, but their dysregulation has been detected in a variety of cancers, including GC. A subset of ncRNAs is GC-specific, implying their potential application as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. Hence, evaluating the specific functions of ncRNAs will help to expand novel treatment options for GC. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize some of the well-known ncRNAs that play a role in the development and progression of GC. We also review the application of such ncRNAs in clinical diagnostics and trials as potential biomarkers. Obviously, a deeper understanding of the biology and function of ncRNAs underlying chemoresistance can broaden horizons toward the development of personalized therapy against GC.
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21
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MicroRNA in Gastric Cancer Development: Mechanisms and Biomarkers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110891. [PMID: 33142817 PMCID: PMC7692123 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and difficult diseases to treat. The study of signaling pathway regulation by microRNA provides information on the mechanisms of GC development and is the basis for biomarker creation. In this study, a circuit of microRNA interactions with signaling pathways was constructed. The microRNAs, associated with metastasis and chemoresistance, are described. In most cases, microRNAs in GC regulate the Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS/RAF/ERK/MAPK, NF-kB, TGF-β, and JAK/STAT pathways. Part of the microRNA acts on several target genes that function in different pathways. This often leads to an intensification of the induced processes. MicroRNAs have also been described that have the opposite effect on different pathways, causing different functional consequences. By acting on several target genes, or genes associated with several pathways, microRNAs can function in a signaling network. MicroRNAs associated with metastasis most often interact with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. MicroRNAs affecting chemoresistance, in most cases, affect the regulators of apoptosis and are associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The characteristics of microRNAs proposed as candidates for GC biomarkers were analyzed. The currently developed diagnostic and prognostic panels of microRNAs are also considered.
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22
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Upregulation of Akt/Raptor signaling is associated with rapamycin resistance of breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109243. [PMID: 32861747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
mTOR inhibitors are considered today to be one of the most promising anticancer drugs. Here to study the mechanism of the acquired resistance of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to mTOR inhibitors two different models of the cell resistance were used: rapamycin-resistant MCF-7/Rap subline developed under long-term rapamycin treatment, and metformin-resistant MCF-7/M subline obtained by long-term metformin treatment. We have found that both resistant sublines were characterized by common features: increased expression of mTOR-interacting Raptor protein, increased phosphorylation of Akt, and activation of growth-related transcriptional factor AP-1. Cell response to mTOR inhibitors was partially restored under treatment with PI3K inhibitor wortmannin supporting the direct connection between Akt activation and poor cell response to therapeutic drugs. Transfection of mir-181c, one of the positive regulators of Akt and mTOR, led to an increase in the cell resistance to both mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin and metformin, which correlated with Raptor overexpression and activation of Akt/AP-1 signaling. In general, the effect of Raptor overexpression in the resistant cells, as well as the ability of mir-181c to modulate the Raptor expression, can open novel perspectives in the treatment of rapalogues-resistant cancers, based on the drugs design targeting mir-181c/Raptor axis.
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23
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Li P, Luo X, Xie Y, Li P, Hu F, Chu J, Chen X, Song W, Wang A, Tian G, Gu X. GC-Derived EVs Enriched with MicroRNA-675-3p Contribute to the MAPK/PD-L1-Mediated Tumor Immune Escape by Targeting CXXC4. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:615-626. [PMID: 33230461 PMCID: PMC7578556 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) delivered by gastric cancer (GC)-secreted extracellular vesicles (GC-EVs) are associated with the immune escape in GC. Microarray analysis based on the GEO: GSE112369 dataset identified the presence of poorly expressed CXXC finger protein 4 (CXXC4) in GC, which was validated in clinical samples of GC patients. Moreover, prediction based on TargetScan analysis demonstrated the putative miR-675-3p binding site in the 3′ UTR region of CXXC4. Thereby, our study aims to determine the role of GC-EV-encapsulated miR-675-3p in GC. First, CXXC4 was found to be negatively correlated with programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). The effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling on GC were evaluated using activator of the MAPK pathway. The overexpression of CXXC4 led to a downregulated MAPK signaling pathway, thus decreasing PD-L1 expression to augment the proliferation and activation of T cells co-cultured with GC HGC-27 cells. GC-EV-encapsulated miR-675-3p negatively regulated the expression of its target gene CXXC4. GC-EV-encapsulated miR-675-3p increased PD-L1 expression to stimulate the immune escape in vitro and EV-encapsulated miR-675-3p accelerated cisplatin resistance in vivo. Collectively, the aforementioned findings present a mechanism in which EV-mediated miR-675-3p upregulates PD-L1 expression, promoting immune escape in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Huaian Tumor Hospital & Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian 223200, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Huaian Tumor Hospital & Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian 223200, P.R. China.,Department of Experimental Surgery-Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xingdong Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Huaian Tumor Hospital & Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian 223200, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Gaoyou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Gaoyou 225600, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Huaian Tumor Hospital & Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian 223200, P.R. China
| | - Fangyong Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Huaian Tumor Hospital & Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian 223200, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Chu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225200, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225200, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Song
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225200, P.R. China
| | - Ali Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225200, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Tian
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225200, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225200, P.R. China
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24
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Yang J, Yu L, Yan J, Xiao Y, Li W, Xiao J, Lei J, Xiang D, Zhang S, Yu X. Circular RNA DGKB Promotes the Progression of Neuroblastoma by Targeting miR-873/GLI1 Axis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1104. [PMID: 32793474 PMCID: PMC7390925 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidences suggested that circular RNAs (circRNA) played critical roles in tumorigenesis and progression. To our knowledge, no study reported the function of circular RNA DGKB (circDGKB, circRNA ID: hsa_circ_0133622) on progression of neuroblastoma (NB). Here, we showed that circDGKB was upregulated in NB tissues compared to the normal dorsal root ganglia. Moreover, the expression level of circDGKB was negatively correlated with the survival rate of NB patients. Mechanically, overexpression of circDGKB promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis of NB cells and reduced cell apoptosis, and vice versa. In addition, qRT-PCR and/or Western blot results showed that circDGKB overexpression inhibited the expression level of miR-873 and enhanced GLI1 expression. Moreover, miR-873 functioned an opposite role to circDGKB and significantly weakened circDGKB role in promoting NB progression. Furthermore, GLI1 upregulation also rescued the miR-873 role in inhibiting NB progression. In conclusion, our work proved that circDGKB promoted NB progression via targeting miR-873/GLI1 axis in vitro and in vivo. Our study provided a new target for NB treatment and indicated that circDGKB could act as a novel diagnostic marker for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Leitao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinlong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Juhua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Deng Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Hashemi F, Hashemi F, Samarghandian S, Najafi M. MicroRNAs in cancer therapy: Their involvement in oxaliplatin sensitivity/resistance of cancer cells with a focus on colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2020; 256:117973. [PMID: 32569779 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of cancer cells into chemotherapy has restricted the efficiency of anti-tumor drugs. Oxaliplatin (OX) being an anti-tumor agent/drug is extensively used in the treatment of various cancer diseases. However, its frequent application has led to chemoresistance. As a consequence, studies have focused in finding underlying molecular pathways involved in OX resistance. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short endogenous non-coding RNAs that are able to regulate vital biological mechanisms such as cell proliferation and cell growth. The abnormal expression of miRs occurs in pathological events, particularly cancer. In the present review, we describe the involvement of miRs in OX resistance and sensitivity. The miRs are able to induce the oncogene factors and mechanisms, resulting in stimulation OX chemoresistance. Also, onco-suppressor miRs can enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells into OX chemotherapy and trigger apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, leading to reduced viability and progression of cancer cells. MiRs can also enhance the efficacy of OX chemotherapy. It is worth mentioning that miRs affect various down-stream targets in OX resistance/sensitivity such as STAT3, TGF-β, ATG4B, FOXO1, LATS2, NF-κB and so on. By identification of these miRs and their upstream and down-stream mediators, further studies can focus on targeting them to sensitize cancer cells into OX chemotherapy and induce apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | - Farid Hashemi
- DVM. Graduated, Young Researcher and Elite Club, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Fardin Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Li W, Pan T, Jiang W, Zhao H. HCG18/miR-34a-5p/HMMR axis accelerates the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110217. [PMID: 32559619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common subtype of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the frequently occurred cancers in human. Therefore, thorough investigation is necessary for understanding the progression of LUAD. HMMR has functioned as a regulator in some cancers, whereas its biological role still needs to be investigated in LUAD. By bioinformatics analysis, we found that HMMR was highly expressed in LUAD tissues and associated with patients' poor prognosis. Further, qRT-PCR demonstrated that HMMR was up-regulated in LUAD tissues and cells. Loss-of-function assays manifested that HMMR knockdown refrained cell proliferation, migration and invasion and enhanced cell apoptosis in LUAD. Later, HMMR was identified as a target gene of miR-34a-5p, which expressed at a low level in LUAD cell and played an anti-oncogenic role in LUAD. Simultaneously, we discovered that miR-34a-5p could directly bind to HCG18. Subsequent assays revealed that HCG18 mediated HMMR expression by sequestering miR-34a-5p. At last, rescue assays proved the carcinogenic role of HCG18/miR-34a-5p/HMMR axis in LUAD cells growth. Importantly, HCG18 was found to facilitate tumor growth in LUAD. Conclusively, HCG18 acted an oncogene in LUAD and enhanced LUAD progression by targeting miR-34a-5p/HMMR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, PR China
| | - Tinghong Pan
- The Cardiothoracic Surgery of Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- The Pediatrics of Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zhou J, Wang H, Che J, Xu L, Yang W, Li Y, Zhou W. Silencing of microRNA-135b inhibits invasion, migration, and stemness of CD24 +CD44 + pancreatic cancer stem cells through JADE-1-dependent AKT/mTOR pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:134. [PMID: 32351328 PMCID: PMC7183669 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have emphasized determining the ability of microRNAs (miRNAs) as crucial regulators in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer (PC), which continues to be one of the deadliest malignancies with few effective therapies. The study aimed to investigate the functional role of miR-135b and its associated mechanism to unravel the biological characteristics of tumor growth in pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs). Methods Microarray analyses were initially performed to identify the PC-related miRNAs and genes. The expression of miR-135b and PCSC markers in PC tissues and cells was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The potential gene (JADE-1) that could bind to miR-135b was confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. To investigate the tumorigenicity, migration, invasion, and stemness of PC cells, several gain-of-function and loss-of-function genetic experiments were conducted. Finally, tumor formation in nude mice was conducted to confirm the results in vivo. Results miR-135b was highly-expressed in PC tissues and PCSCs, which was identified to specifically target JADE-1. The overexpression of miR-135b promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of PCSC, inhibited cell apoptosis and increased the expression of stemness-related factors (Sox-2, Oct-4, Nanog, Aldh1, and Slug). Moreover, miR-135b could promote the expression of phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated mTOR in the AKT/mTOR pathway. Additionally, miR-135b overexpression accelerated tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusions Taken together, the silencing of miR-135b promotes the JADE-1 expression, which inactivates the AKT/mTOR pathway and ultimately results in inhibition of self-renewal and tumor growth of PCSCs. Hence, this study contributes to understanding the role of miR-135 in PCSCs and its underlying molecular mechanisms to aid in the development of effective PC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Zhou
- 1Class 182, Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Che
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjiu Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Wuyuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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Magnelli L, Schiavone N, Staderini F, Biagioni A, Papucci L. MAP Kinases Pathways in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082893. [PMID: 32326163 PMCID: PMC7215608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is turning out today to be one of the most important welfare issues for both Asian and European countries. Indeed, while the vast majority of the disease burden is located in China and in Pacific and East Asia, GC in European countries still account for about 100,000 deaths per year. With this review article, we aim to focus the attention on one of the most complex cellular pathways involved in GC proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis: the MAP kinases. Such large kinases family is to date constantly studied, since their discovery more than 30 years ago, due to the important role that it plays in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. Interactions with other cellular proteins as well as miRNAs and lncRNAs may modulate their expression influencing the cellular biological features. Here, we summarize the most important and recent studies involving MAPK in GC. At the same time, we need to underly that, differently from cancers arising from other tissues, where MAPK pathways seems to be a gold target for anticancer therapies, GC seems to be unique in any aspect. Our aim is to review the current knowledge in MAPK pathways alterations leading to GC, including H. pylori MAPK-triggering to derail from gastric normal epithelium to GC and to encourage researches involved in MAPK signal transduction, that seems to definitely sustain GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (N.S.); (A.B.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2751397
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (N.S.); (A.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Fabio Staderini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Alessio Biagioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (N.S.); (A.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (N.S.); (A.B.); (L.P.)
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Hu YH, Sun J, Zhang J, Hua FZ, Liu Q, Liang YP. Long non-coding RNA ROR sponges miR-138 to aggravate hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via upregulating Mst1. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104430. [PMID: 32240614 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury of cardiomyocytes causes an irreversible damage to heart and largely results in acute myocardial infarction. Study has indicated lncRNA ROR aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Also, lncRNA ROR sponges miR-138 to promote osteogenesis. MiR-138 involves in hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodelling by targeting Mst1. However, the interaction between lncRNA ROR, miR-138 and Mst1 involved in myocardial H/R injury is still unknown. METHODS H9C2 cells were used to establish H/R injury model. The expression levels of lncRNA ROR and miR-138 were modified by transfection with the miR-138 mimics or lncRNA ROR overexpression plasmid. MTT and flow cytometry analysis were performed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to determine interaction between lncRNA ROR and miR-138 or miR-138 and Mst1. Expression levels of lncRNA ROR, miR-138, Mst1 and apoptosis-related markers were determined by qRT-PCR or western blotting. RESULTS LncRNA ROR was significantly up-regulated, while miR-138 was obviously down-regulated in H/R-induced injury of H9C2 cells. Furthermore, miR-138 overexpression alleviated cardiac cell apoptosis induced by H/R injury. Mst1 was revealed to be a target of miR-138 and negatively regulated by miR-138. Mst1 overexpression reversed the protective effects of miR-138 on H/R injury of H9C2 cells. LncRNA ROR was identified as a sponge for miR-138. MiR-138 could protect H9C2 cells form H/R injury induced by lncRNA ROR overexpression. CONCLUSION Our study provides that lncRNA ROR sponges miR-138 to aggravate H/R-induced myocardial cell injury by upregulating the expression of Mst1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Fu-Zhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ying-Ping Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Wei L, Sun J, Zhang N, Zheng Y, Wang X, Lv L, Liu J, Xu Y, Shen Y, Yang M. Noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer: implications for drug resistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:62. [PMID: 32192494 PMCID: PMC7081551 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Advanced gastric cancer patients can notably benefit from chemotherapy including adriamycin, platinum drugs, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and paclitaxel as well as targeted therapy drugs. Nevertheless, primary drug resistance or acquisition drug resistance eventually lead to treatment failure and poor outcomes of the gastric cancer patients. The detailed mechanisms involved in gastric cancer drug resistance have been revealed. Interestingly, different noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are critically involved in gastric cancer development. Multiple lines of evidences demonstrated that ncRNAs play a vital role in gastric cancer resistance to chemotherapy reagents and targeted therapy drugs. In this review, we systematically summarized the emerging role and detailed molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs impact drug resistance of gastric cancer. Additionally, we propose the potential clinical implications of ncRNAs as novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jujie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nasha Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xingwu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liyan Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yeyang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China.
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Wang Q, Cao T, Guo K, Zhou Y, Liu H, Pan Y, Hou Q, Nie Y, Fan D, Lu Y, Zhao X. Regulation of Integrin Subunit Alpha 2 by miR-135b-5p Modulates Chemoresistance in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:308. [PMID: 32232000 PMCID: PMC7082357 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has substantially improved gastric cancer (GC) patient outcomes in the past decades. However, the development of chemotherapy resistance has become the major cause of treatment failure. Although numerous molecules have been implicated in GC chemoresistance, its pathological mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we found that integrin subunit alpha 2 (ITGA2) is upregulated in chemoresistant GC cells and that increased ITGA2 levels correlated with the poor prognosis of GC patients who received chemotherapy. ITGA2 overexpression led to elevated chemotherapy resistance and drug-induced apoptosis inhibition in GC cells. ITGA2 knockdown resulted in restored chemosensitivity and increased apoptosis in chemoresistant GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. NanoString analysis revealed a unique signature of deregulated pathway expression in GC cells after ITGA2 silencing. The MAPK/ERK pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were found to be downregulated after ITGA2 knockdown. miR-135b-5p was identified as a direct upstream regulator of ITGA2. miR-135b-5p overexpression reduced chemoresistance and induced apoptosis in GC cells and attenuated ITGA2-induced chemoresistance and antiapoptotic effects by inhibiting MAPK signaling and EMT. In conclusion, this study underscored the role and mechanism of ITGA2 in GC and suggested the novel miR-135b-5p/ITGA2 axis as an epigenetic cause of chemoresistance with diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanan Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuqiu Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Anauate AC, Leal MF, Calcagno DQ, Gigek CO, Karia BTR, Wisnieski F, dos Santos LC, Chen ES, Burbano RR, Smith MAC. The Complex Network between MYC Oncogene and microRNAs in Gastric Cancer: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051782. [PMID: 32150871 PMCID: PMC7084225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancements in cancer treatments, gastric cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In this context, it is of great interest to discover new and more effective ways of treating this disease. Accumulated evidences have demonstrated the amplification of 8q24.21 region in gastric tumors. Furthermore, this is the region where the widely known MYC oncogene and different microRNAs are located. MYC deregulation is key in tumorigenesis in various types of tissues, once it is associated with cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance. microRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate the protein translation, and which deregulation is related with gastric cancer development. However, little is understood about the interactions between microRNAs and MYC. Here, we overview the MYC role and its relationship with the microRNAs network in gastric cancer aiming to identify potential targets useful to be used in clinic, not only as biomarkers, but also as molecules for development of promising therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Anauate
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-062, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.F.L.); (C.O.G.); (B.T.R.K.); (F.W.); (L.C.d.S.); (E.S.C.)
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferreira Leal
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-062, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.F.L.); (C.O.G.); (B.T.R.K.); (F.W.); (L.C.d.S.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém PA 66075-110, Brazil; (D.Q.C.); (R.R.B.)
| | - Carolina Oliveira Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-062, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.F.L.); (C.O.G.); (B.T.R.K.); (F.W.); (L.C.d.S.); (E.S.C.)
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Bruno Takao Real Karia
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-062, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.F.L.); (C.O.G.); (B.T.R.K.); (F.W.); (L.C.d.S.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Fernanda Wisnieski
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-062, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.F.L.); (C.O.G.); (B.T.R.K.); (F.W.); (L.C.d.S.); (E.S.C.)
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Caires dos Santos
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-062, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.F.L.); (C.O.G.); (B.T.R.K.); (F.W.); (L.C.d.S.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Elizabeth Suchi Chen
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-062, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.F.L.); (C.O.G.); (B.T.R.K.); (F.W.); (L.C.d.S.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Rommel Rodríguez Burbano
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém PA 66075-110, Brazil; (D.Q.C.); (R.R.B.)
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém PA 66063-240, Brazil
| | - Marília Arruda Cardoso Smith
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-062, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.F.L.); (C.O.G.); (B.T.R.K.); (F.W.); (L.C.d.S.); (E.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-5576-4848
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Zhao X, Hu GF, Shi YF, Xu W. Research Progress in microRNA-Based Therapy for Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11393-11411. [PMID: 31920330 PMCID: PMC6935305 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s221354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of tumor-related mortality. In addition to surgery and endoscopic resection, systemic therapy remains the main treatment option for GC, especially for advanced-stage disease and for cases not suitable for surgical therapy. Hence, improving the efficacy of systemic therapy is still an urgent problem to overcome. In the past decade, the essential roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor treatment have been increasingly recognized. In particular, miRNAs were recently shown to reverse the resistance to chemotherapy drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and doxorubicin. Synthesized nanoparticles loaded with mimics or inhibitors of miRNAs can directly target tumor cells to suppress their growth. Moreover, exosomes may serve as promising safe carriers for mimics or inhibitors of miRNAs to treat GC. Some miRNAs have also been shown to play roles in the mechanism of action of other anti-tumor drugs. Therefore, in this review, we highlight the research progress on microRNA-based therapy in GC and discuss the challenges and prospects associated with this strategy. We believe that microRNA-based therapy has the potential to offer a clinical benefit to GC patients, and this review would contribute to and motivate further research to promote this field toward this ultimate goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Feng Hu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fen Shi
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
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MicroRNA Dysregulation in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092181. [PMID: 31052530 PMCID: PMC6540078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and it can be locally invasive and metastatic to distant sites. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs of 19–25 nucleotides in length, that are involved in regulating gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs have been implicated in diverse biological functions and diseases. In cancer, miRNAs can proceed either as oncogenic miRNAs (onco-miRs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs (oncosuppressor-miRs), depending on the pathway in which they are involved. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been shown in most of the tumors evaluated. MiRNA dysregulation is known to be involved in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). In this review, we focus on the recent evidence about the role of miRNAs in the development of CSCC and in the prognosis of this form of skin cancer.
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