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Zhang Q, Ding R, Li Y, Qiao D, Kang J, Zong L, Li Y, Yuan Y, Jiao Y, Wang C, Yu Y, Zhang L, Li Y. Euchromatin histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 regulates the expression of potassium-sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 1 in primary sensory neurons and contributes to remifentanil-induced pain sensitivity. Brain Res Bull 2024; 212:110966. [PMID: 38670469 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Intraoperative remifentanil administration has been linked to increased postoperative pain sensitivity. Recent studies have identified the involvement of euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (Ehmt2/G9a) in neuropathic pain associated with the transcriptional silencing of many potassium ion channel genes. This study investigates whether G9a regulates the potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 1 (Slo2.2) in remifentanil-induced post-incisional hyperalgesia (RIH) in rodents. We performed remifentanil infusion (1 μg·kg-1·min-1 for 60 min) followed by plantar incision to induce RIH in rodents. Our results showed that RIH was accompanied by increased G9a and H3K9me2 production and decreased Slo2.2 expression 48 h postoperatively. Deletion of G9a rescued Slo2.2 expression in DRG and reduced RIH intensity. Slo2.2 overexpression also reversed this hyperalgesia phenotype. G9a overexpression decreased Slo2.2-mediated leak current and increased excitability in the small-diameter DRG neurons and laminal II small-diameter neurons in the spinal dorsal horn, which was implicated in peripheral and central sensitization. These results suggest that G9a contributes to the development of RIH by epigenetically silencing Slo2.2 in DRG neurons, leading to decreased central sensitization in the spinal cord. The findings may have implications for the development of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Ding
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Li
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiamin Kang
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Linyue Zong
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Li
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yize Li
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Iacono D, Hatch K, Murphy EK, Cole RN, Post J, Leonessa F, Perl DP. Proteomic Changes in the Hippocampus after Repeated Explosive-Driven Blasts. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:397-408. [PMID: 38096401 PMCID: PMC10775857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Repeated blast-traumatic brain injury (blast-TBI) has been hypothesized to cause persistent and unusual neurological and psychiatric symptoms in service members returning from war zones. Blast-wave primary effects have been supposed to induce damage and molecular alterations in the brain. However, the mechanisms through which the primary effect of an explosive-driven blast wave generate brain lesions and induce brain consequences are incompletely known. Prior findings from rat brains exposed to two consecutive explosive-driven blasts showed molecular changes (hyperphosphorylated-Tau, AQP4, S100β, PDGF, and DNA-polymerase-β) that varied in magnitude and direction across different brain regions. We aimed to compare, in an unbiased manner, the proteomic profile in the hippocampus of double blast vs sham rats using mass spectrometry (MS). Data showed differences in up- and down-regulation for protein abundances in the hippocampus of double blast vs sham rats. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-MS results showed 136 up-regulated and 94 down-regulated proteins between the two groups (10.25345/C52B8VP0X). These TMT-MS findings revealed changes never described before in blast studies, such as increases in MAGI3, a scaffolding protein at cell-cell junctions, which were confirmed by Western blotting analyses. Due to the absence of behavioral and obvious histopathological changes as described in our previous publications, these proteomic data further support the existence of an asymptomatic blast-induced molecular altered status (ABIMAS) associated with specific protein changes in the hippocampus of rats repeatedly expsosed to blast waves generated by explosive-driven detonations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Iacono
- DoD/USU
Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Program, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Department
of Neurology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Department
of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Neuroscience
Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- The
Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine
(HJF), Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
- Neurodegeneration
Disorders Clinic, National Institute of
Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Kathleen Hatch
- Department
of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Erin K. Murphy
- Department
of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Robert N. Cole
- Mass
Spectrometry and Proteomics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jeremy Post
- Mass
Spectrometry and Proteomics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Fabio Leonessa
- Department
of Neurology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Daniel P. Perl
- DoD/USU
Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Program, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Department
of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
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3
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Ion Channel Partnerships: Odd and Not-So-Odd Couples Controlling Neuronal Ion Channel Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041953. [PMID: 35216068 PMCID: PMC8878034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerted function of the large number of ion channels expressed in excitable cells, including brain neurons, shapes diverse signaling events by controlling the electrical properties of membranes. It has long been recognized that specific groups of ion channels are functionally coupled in mediating ionic fluxes that impact membrane potential, and that these changes in membrane potential impact ion channel gating. Recent studies have identified distinct sets of ion channels that can also physically and functionally associate to regulate the function of either ion channel partner beyond that afforded by changes in membrane potential alone. Here, we review canonical examples of such ion channel partnerships, in which a Ca2+ channel is partnered with a Ca2+-activated K+ channel to provide a dedicated route for efficient coupling of Ca2+ influx to K+ channel activation. We also highlight examples of non-canonical ion channel partnerships between Ca2+ channels and voltage-gated K+ channels that are not intrinsically Ca2+ sensitive, but whose partnership nonetheless yields enhanced regulation of one or the other ion channel partner. We also discuss how these ion channel partnerships can be shaped by the subcellular compartments in which they are found and provide perspectives on how recent advances in techniques to identify proteins in close proximity to one another in native cells may lead to an expanded knowledge of other ion channel partnerships.
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Inhibiting endocytosis in CGRP + nociceptors attenuates inflammatory pain-like behavior. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5812. [PMID: 34608164 PMCID: PMC8490418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantage of locally applied anesthetics is that they are not associated with the many adverse effects, including addiction liability, of systemically administered analgesics. This therapeutic approach has two inherent pitfalls: specificity and a short duration of action. Here, we identified nociceptor endocytosis as a promising target for local, specific, and long-lasting treatment of inflammatory pain. We observed preferential expression of AP2α2, an α-subunit isoform of the AP2 complex, within CGRP+/IB4- nociceptors in rodents and in CGRP+ dorsal root ganglion neurons from a human donor. We utilized genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit nociceptor endocytosis demonstrating its role in the development and maintenance of acute and chronic inflammatory pain. One-time injection of an AP2 inhibitor peptide significantly reduced acute and chronic pain-like behaviors and provided prolonged analgesia. We evidenced sexually dimorphic recovery responses to this pharmacological approach highlighting the importance of sex differences in pain development and response to analgesics. The authors show the endocytotic adaptor subunit called AP2A2 is differentially expressed in CGRP+ nociceptors. Locally inhibiting nociceptor endocytosis with a lipidated AP2 inhibitor peptide reduces acute and chronic pain-like behaviour in mice and rats, indicating prolonged analgesia.
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5
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Middleton SJ, Perez-Sanchez J, Dawes JM. The structure of sensory afferent compartments in health and disease. J Anat 2021; 241:1186-1210. [PMID: 34528255 PMCID: PMC9558153 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sensory neurons are a heterogeneous population of cells able to respond to both innocuous and noxious stimuli. Like most neurons they are highly compartmentalised, allowing them to detect, convey and transfer sensory information. These compartments include specialised sensory endings in the skin, the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons, the cell soma and their central terminals in the spinal cord. In this review, we will highlight the importance of these compartments to primary afferent function, describe how these structures are compromised following nerve damage and how this relates to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Middleton
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - John M Dawes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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6
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Ehinger R, Kuret A, Matt L, Frank N, Wild K, Kabagema-Bilan C, Bischof H, Malli R, Ruth P, Bausch AE, Lukowski R. Slack K + channels attenuate NMDA-induced excitotoxic brain damage and neuronal cell death. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21568. [PMID: 33817875 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002308rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal Na+ -activated K+ channel Slack (aka Slo2.2, KNa 1.1, or Kcnt1) has been implicated in setting and maintaining the resting membrane potential and defining excitability and firing patterns, as well as in the generation of the slow afterhyperpolarization following bursts of action potentials. Slack activity increases significantly under conditions of high intracellular Na+ levels, suggesting this channel may exert important pathophysiological functions. To address these putative roles, we studied whether Slack K+ channels contribute to pathological changes and excitotoxic cell death caused by glutamatergic overstimulation of Ca2+ - and Na+ -permeable N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDAR). Slack-deficient (Slack KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to intrastriatal microinjections of the NMDAR agonist NMDA. NMDA-induced brain lesions were significantly increased in Slack KO vs WT mice, suggesting that the lack of Slack renders neurons particularly susceptible to excitotoxicity. Accordingly, excessive neuronal cell death was seen in Slack-deficient primary cerebellar granule cell (CGC) cultures exposed to glutamate and NMDA. Differences in neuronal survival between WT and Slack KO CGCs were largely abolished by the NMDAR antagonist MK-801, but not by NBQX, a potent and highly selective competitive antagonist of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type ionotropic glutamate receptors. Interestingly, NMDAR-evoked Ca2+ signals did not differ with regard to Slack genotype in CGCs. However, real-time monitoring of K+ following NMDAR activation revealed a significant contribution of this channel to the intracellular drop in K+ . Finally, TrkB and TrkC neurotrophin receptor transcript levels were elevated in NMDA-exposed Slack-proficient CGCs, suggesting a mechanism by which this K+ channel contributes to the activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (Erk) pathway and thereby to neuroprotection. Combined, our findings suggest that Slack-dependent K+ signals oppose the NMDAR-mediated excitotoxic neuronal injury by promoting pro-survival signaling via the BDNF/TrkB and Erk axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Ehinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Kuret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Matt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Frank
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Wild
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Clement Kabagema-Bilan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Bischof
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne E Bausch
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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7
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Lin W, Zhang WW, Lyu N, Cao H, Xu WD, Zhang YQ. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Produces Analgesia by Inhibiting Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Nav1.8 Sodium Channel Activity in Rat Primary Sensory Neurons. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1289-1302. [PMID: 34076854 PMCID: PMC8423960 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. It is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Whether and how GDF-15 modulates nociceptive signaling remains unclear. Behaviorally, we found that peripheral GDF-15 significantly elevated nociceptive response thresholds to mechanical and thermal stimuli in naïve and arthritic rats. Electrophysiologically, we demonstrated that GDF-15 decreased the excitability of small-diameter dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Furthermore, GDF-15 concentration-dependently suppressed tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel Nav1.8 currents, and shifted the steady-state inactivation curves of Nav1.8 in a hyperpolarizing direction. GDF-15 also reduced window currents and slowed down the recovery rate of Nav1.8 channels, suggesting that GDF-15 accelerated inactivation and slowed recovery of the channel. Immunohistochemistry results showed that activin receptor-like kinase-2 (ALK2) was widely expressed in DRG medium- and small-diameter neurons, and some of them were Nav1.8-positive. Blockade of ALK2 prevented the GDF-15-induced inhibition of Nav1.8 currents and nociceptive behaviors. Inhibition of PKA and ERK, but not PKC, blocked the inhibitory effect of GDF-15 on Nav1.8 currents. These results suggest a functional link between GDF-15 and Nav1.8 in DRG neurons via ALK2 receptors and PKA associated with MEK/ERK, which mediate the peripheral analgesia of GDF-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Lyu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Dong Xu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Griffin AM, Kahlig KM, Hatch RJ, Hughes ZA, Chapman ML, Antonio B, Marron BE, Wittmann M, Martinez-Botella G. Discovery of the First Orally Available, Selective K Na1.1 Inhibitor: In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of an Oxadiazole Series. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:593-602. [PMID: 33859800 PMCID: PMC8040054 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene KCNT1 encodes the sodium-activated potassium channel KNa1.1 (Slack, Slo2.2). Variants in the KCNT1 gene induce a gain-of-function (GoF) phenotype in ionic currents and cause a spectrum of intractable neurological disorders in infants and children, including epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) and autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE). Effective treatment options for KCNT1-related disease are absent, and novel therapies are urgently required. We describe the development of a novel class of oxadiazole KNa1.1 inhibitors, leading to the discovery of compound 31 that reduced seizures and interictal spikes in a mouse model of KCNT1 GoF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Griffin
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kristopher M Kahlig
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert John Hatch
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Zoë A Hughes
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | | | - Brian E Marron
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marion Wittmann
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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A Role for Transmembrane Protein 16C/Slack Impairment in Excitatory Nociceptive Synaptic Plasticity in the Pathogenesis of Remifentanil-induced Hyperalgesia in Rats. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:669-683. [PMID: 33779892 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Remifentanil is widely used to control intraoperative pain. However, its analgesic effect is limited by the generation of postoperative hyperalgesia. In this study, we investigated whether the impairment of transmembrane protein 16C (TMEM16C)/Slack is required for α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic receptor (AMPAR) activation in remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Remifentanil anesthesia reduced the paw withdrawal threshold from 2 h to 48 h postoperatively, with a decrease in the expression of TMEM16C and Slack in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord. Knockdown of TMEM16C in the DRG reduced the expression of Slack and elevated the basal peripheral sensitivity and AMPAR expression and function. Overexpression of TMEM16C in the DRG impaired remifentanil-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and behavioral hyperalgesia. AMPAR-mediated current and neuronal excitability were downregulated by TMEM16C overexpression in the spinal cord. Taken together, these findings suggest that TMEM16C/Slack regulation of excitatory synaptic plasticity via GluA1-containing AMPARs is critical in the pathogenesis of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia in rats.
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10
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Functional Coupling of Slack Channels and P2X3 Receptors Contributes to Neuropathic Pain Processing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010405. [PMID: 33401689 PMCID: PMC7795269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium-activated potassium channel Slack (KNa1.1, Slo2.2, or Kcnt1) is highly expressed in populations of sensory neurons, where it mediates the sodium-activated potassium current (IKNa) and modulates neuronal activity. Previous studies suggest that Slack is involved in the processing of neuropathic pain. However, mechanisms underlying the regulation of Slack activity in this context are poorly understood. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings we found that Slack-mediated IKNa in sensory neurons of mice is reduced after peripheral nerve injury, thereby contributing to neuropathic pain hypersensitivity. Interestingly, Slack is closely associated with ATP-sensitive P2X3 receptors in a population of sensory neurons. In vitro experiments revealed that Slack-mediated IKNa may be bidirectionally modulated in response to P2X3 activation. Moreover, mice lacking Slack show altered nocifensive responses to P2X3 stimulation. Our study identifies P2X3/Slack signaling as a mechanism contributing to hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury and proposes a potential novel strategy for treatment of neuropathic pain.
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