1
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Setayesh T, Hu Y, Vaziri F, Chen X, Lai J, Wei D, Yvonne Wan YJ. Targeting stroma and tumor, silencing galectin 1 treats orthotopic mouse hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:292-303. [PMID: 38261802 PMCID: PMC10793093 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines inhibiting galectin 1 (Gal1) as a treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal1 has immunosuppressive and cancer-promoting roles. Our data showed that Gal1 was highly expressed in human and mouse HCC. The levels of Gal1 positively correlated with the stages of human HCC and negatively with survival. The roles of Gal1 in HCC were studied using overexpression (OE) or silencing using Igals1 siRNA delivered by AAV9. Prior to HCC initiation induced by RAS and AKT mutations, lgals1-OE and silencing had opposite impacts on tumor load. The treatment effect of lgals1 siRNA was further demonstrated by intersecting HCC at different time points when the tumor load had already reached 9% or even 42% of the body weight. Comparing spatial transcriptomic profiles of Gal1 silenced and OE HCC, inhibiting matrix formation and recognition of foreign antigen in CD45+ cell-enriched areas located at tumor-margin likely contributed to the anti-HCC effects of Gal1 silencing. Within the tumors, silencing Gal1 inhibited translational initiation, elongation, and termination. Furthermore, Gal1 silencing increased immune cells as well as expanded cytotoxic T cells within the tumor, and the anti-HCC effect of lgals1 siRNA was CD8-dependent. Overall, Gal1 silencing has a promising potential for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Cancer Biology Program, the University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95825, USA
| | - Dongguang Wei
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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2
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Valli E, Dalotto-Moreno T, Sterle HA, Méndez-Huergo SP, Paulazo MA, García SI, Pirola CJ, Klecha AJ, Rabinovich GA, Cremaschi GA. Hypothyroidism-associated immunosuppression involves induction of galectin-1-producing regulatory T cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22865. [PMID: 36934391 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200884r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism exerts deleterious effects on immunity, but the precise role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in immunoregulatory and tolerogenic programs is barely understood. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying hypothyroid-related immunosuppression by examining the regulatory role of components of the HPT axis. We first analyzed lymphocyte activity in mice overexpressing the TRH gene (Tg-Trh). T cells from Tg-Trh showed increased proliferation than wild-type (WT) euthyroid mice in response to polyclonal activation. The release of Th1 pro-inflammatory cytokines was also increased in Tg-Trh and TSH levels correlated with T-cell proliferation. To gain further mechanistic insights into hypothyroidism-related immunosuppression, we evaluated T-cell subpopulations in lymphoid tissues of hypothyroid and control mice. No differences were observed in CD3/CD19 or CD4/CD8 ratios between these strains. However, the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly increased in hypothyroid mice, and not in Tg-Trh mice. Accordingly, in vitro Tregs differentiation was more pronounced in naïve T cells isolated from hypothyroid mice. Since Tregs overexpress galectin-1 (Gal-1) and mice lacking this lectin (Lgals1-/- ) show reduced Treg function, we investigated the involvement of this immunoregulatory lectin in the control of Tregs in settings of hypothyroidism. Increased T lymphocyte reactivity and reduced frequency of Tregs were found in hypothyroid Lgals1-/- mice when compared to hypothyroid WT animals. This effect was rescued by the addition of recombinant Gal-1. Finally, increased expression of Gal-1 was found in Tregs purified from hypothyroid WT mice compared with their euthyroid counterpart. Thus, a substantial increase in the frequency and activity of Gal-1-expressing Tregs underlies immunosuppression associated with hypothyroid conditions, with critical implications in immunopathology, metabolic disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Valli
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Dalotto-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena A Sterle
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago P Méndez-Huergo
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A Paulazo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I García
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Cardiología Molecular., Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos J Pirola
- Biología de Sistemas de Enfermedades Complejas, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia J Klecha
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela A Cremaschi
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Kruk L, Braun A, Cosset E, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052959. [PMID: 36873388 PMCID: PMC9981828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that galectins influence many steps of cancer development by inducing the recruitment of immune cells to the inflammatory sites and modulating the effector function of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Recent studies described that different isoforms of galectins can induce platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule release through the interaction with platelet-specific glycoproteins and integrins. Patients with cancer and/or deep-venous thrombosis have increased levels of galectins in the vasculature, suggesting that these proteins could be important contributors to cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of galectins in inflammatory and thrombotic events, influencing tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of anti-cancer therapies targeting galectins in the pathological context of cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Cosset
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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4
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Galectin-1 in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100930. [PMID: 36295832 PMCID: PMC9606923 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 is a carbohydrate-binding protein expressed in many tissues. In recent years, increasing evidence has emerged for the role of galectin-1 in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Galectin-1 has been highly conserved through evolution and is involved in key cellular functions such as tissue maturation and homeostasis. It has been shown that galectin-1 increases in obesity, both in the circulation and in the adipose tissue of human and animal models. Several proteomic studies have independently identified an increased galectin-1 expression in the adipose tissue in obesity and in insulin resistance. Large population-based cohorts have demonstrated associations for circulating galectin-1 and markers of insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, galectin-1 is associated with key metabolic pathways including glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as insulin signalling and inflammation. Intervention studies in animal models alter animal weight and metabolic profile. Several studies have also linked galectin-1 to the progression of complications in diabetes, including kidney disease and retinopathy. Here, we review the current knowledge on the clinical potential of galectin-1 in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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5
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Tsai YT, Li CY, Huang YH, Chang TS, Lin CY, Chuang CH, Wang CY, Anuraga G, Chang TH, Shih TC, Lin ZY, Chen YL, Chung I, Lee KH, Chang CC, Sung SY, Yang KH, Tsui WL, Yap CV, Wu MH. Galectin-1 orchestrates an inflammatory tumor-stroma crosstalk in hepatoma by enhancing TNFR1 protein stability and signaling in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Oncogene 2022; 41:3011-3023. [PMID: 35459781 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arise with the fibrotic microenvironment where hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components in HCC progression. Therefore, CAF normalization could be a feasible therapy for HCC. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is critical for HSC activation and liver fibrosis. However, few studies has evaluated the pathological role of Gal-1 in HCC stroma and its role in hepatic CAF is unclear. Here we showed that Gal-1 mainly expressed in HCC stroma, but not cancer cells. High expression of Gal-1 is correlated with CAF markers and poor prognoses of HCC patients. In co-culture systems, targeting Gal-1 in CAFs or HSCs, using small hairpin (sh)RNAs or an therapeutic inhibitor (LLS30), downregulated plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) production which suppressed cancer stem-like cell properties and invasion ability of HCC in a paracrine manner. The Gal-1-targeting effect was mediated by increased a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17)-dependent TNF-receptor 1 (TNFR1) shedding/cleavage which inhibited the TNF-α → JNK → c-Jun/ATF2 signaling axis of pro-inflammatory gene transcription. Silencing Gal-1 in CAFs inhibited CAF-augmented HCC progression and reprogrammed the CAF-mediated inflammatory responses in a co-injection xenograft model. Taken together, the findings uncover a crucial role of Gal-1 in CAFs that orchestrates an inflammatory CSC niche supporting HCC progression and demonstrate that targeting Gal-1 could be a potential therapy for fibrosis-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tsung Tsai
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Li
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gangga Anuraga
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Shih
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Chen
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ivy Chung
- Universiti Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chang Chang
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Huei Yang
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Tsui
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Voon Yap
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Heng Wu
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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6
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Carabias P, Espelt MV, Bacigalupo ML, Rojas P, Sarrias L, Rubin A, Saffioti NA, Elola MT, Rossi JP, Wolfenstein-Todel C, Rabinovich GA, Troncoso MF. Galectin-1 confers resistance to doxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through modulation of P-glycoprotein expression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:79. [PMID: 35075112 PMCID: PMC8786848 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (GAL1), a β-galactoside-binding protein abundantly expressed in the tumor microenvironment, has emerged as a key mechanism of chemoresistance developed by different tumors. Although increased expression of GAL1 is a hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, aggressiveness and metastasis, limited information is available on the role of this endogenous lectin in HCC resistance to chemotherapy. Moreover, the precise mechanisms underlying this effect are uncertain. HCC has evolved different mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy including those involving the P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump, which controls intracellular drug concentration. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying GAL1-mediated chemoresistance in HCC cells, particularly the involvement of P-gp in this effect. Our results show that GAL1 protected HepG2 cells from doxorubicin (DOX)- and sorafenib-induced cell death in vitro. Accordingly, GAL1-overexpressing HepG2 cells generated DOX-resistant tumors in vivo. High expression of GAL1 in HepG2 cells reduced intracellular accumulation of DOX likely by increasing P-gp protein expression rather than altering its membrane localization. GAL1-mediated increase of P-gp expression involved activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Moreover, 'loss-of-function' experiments revealed that P-gp mediates GAL1-driven resistance to DOX, but not to sorafenib, in HepG2 cells. Conversely, in PLC/PRF/5 cells, P-gp protein expression was undetectable and GAL1 did not control resistance to DOX or sorafenib, supporting the critical role of P-gp in mediating GAL1 effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that GAL1 confers chemoresistance in HCC through mechanisms involving modulation of P-gp, thus emphasizing the role of this lectin as a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Grants
- PICT-2014-3216 Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Argentina)
- PICT V 2014-3687 Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Argentina)
- PICT-2016-1139 Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Argentina)
- 20020150100005BA Universidad de Buenos Aires (University of Buenos Aires)
- PIP-11220150100647 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (National Scientific and Technical Research Council)
- Sales, Bunge & Born and Lounsbery Foundations. Donations from the Ferioli, Ostry and Caraballo families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Carabias
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L Bacigalupo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Rojas
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Rubin
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás A Saffioti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Rossi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlota Wolfenstein-Todel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Troncoso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Kremsreiter SM, Kroell ASH, Weinberger K, Boehm H. Glycan-Lectin Interactions in Cancer and Viral Infections and How to Disrupt Them. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10577. [PMID: 34638920 PMCID: PMC8508825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions play an essential role in different cellular processes. One of their main functions is involvement in the immune response to pathogens or inflammation. However, cancer cells and viruses have adapted to avail themselves of these interactions. By displaying specific glycosylation structures, they are able to bind to lectins, thus promoting pathogenesis. While glycan-lectin interactions promote tumor progression, metastasis, and/or chemoresistance in cancer, in viral infections they are important for viral entry, release, and/or immune escape. For several years now, a growing number of investigations have been devoted to clarifying the role of glycan-lectin interactions in cancer and viral infections. Various overviews have already summarized and highlighted their findings. In this review, we consider the interactions of the lectins MGL, DC-SIGN, selectins, and galectins in both cancer and viral infections together. A possible transfer of ways to target and disrupt them might lead to new therapeutic approaches in different pathological backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maria Kremsreiter
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Ann-Sophie Helene Kroell
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Katharina Weinberger
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Heike Boehm
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Targeting galectins in T cell-based immunotherapy within tumor microenvironment. Life Sci 2021; 277:119426. [PMID: 33785342 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, tumor immunotherapy has emerged as an innovative tumor treatment and owned incomparable advantages over other tumor therapy. With unique complexity and uncertainty, immunotherapy still need helper to apply in the clinic. Galectins, modulated in tumor microenvironment, can regulate the disorders of innate and adaptive immune system resisting tumor growth. Considering the role of galectins in tumor immunosuppression, combination therapy of targeted anti-galectins and immunotherapy may be a promising tumor treatment. This brief review summarizes the expression and immune functions of different galectins in tumor microenvironment and discusses the potential value of anti-galectins in combination with checkpoint inhibitors in tumor immunotherapy.
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9
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Cutine AM, Bach CA, Veigas F, Merlo JP, Laporte L, Manselle Cocco MN, Massaro M, Sarbia N, Perrotta RM, Mahmoud YD, Rabinovich GA. Tissue-specific control of galectin-1-driven circuits during inflammatory responses. Glycobiology 2021; 31:891-907. [PMID: 33498084 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of glycan-binding protein in immune tolerance and inflammation has been well established, mainly by studies of C-type lectins, siglecs and galectins both in experimental models and patient samples. Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved lectins, are characterized by sequence homology in the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), atypical secretion via an ER-Golgi-independent pathway and the ability to recognize β-galactoside-containing saccharides. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of this family displays mainly anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, although, similar to many cytokines and growth factors, it may also trigger paradoxical pro-inflammatory effects under certain circumstances. These dual effects could be associated to tissue-, time- or context-dependent regulation of galectin expression and function, including particular pathophysiologic settings and/or environmental conditions influencing the structure of this lectin, as well as the availability of glycosylated ligands in immune cells during the course of inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss the tissue-specific role of Gal-1 as a master regulator of inflammatory responses across different pathophysiologic settings, highlighting its potential role as a therapeutic target. Further studies designed at analyzing the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that control Gal-1 expression and function in different tissue microenvironments may contribute to design tailored therapeutic strategies aimed at positively or negatively modulate this glycan-binding protein in pathologic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela M Cutine
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila A Bach
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Veigas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín P Merlo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Laporte
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Montana N Manselle Cocco
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Massaro
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Sarbia
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro M Perrotta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yamil D Mahmoud
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Setayesh T, Colquhoun SD, Wan YJY. Overexpression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. LIVER RESEARCH 2020; 4:173-179. [PMID: 34567824 PMCID: PMC8460053 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectins (Gals) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that bind to β-galactoside containing glycans. Abnormal expression of Gals is associated with the development, progression, and metastasis of different types of cancer. Among the 11 Gals identified in humans, the roles of Gal-1 and Gal-3 have been extensively investigated in various tumors. Here, we summarize the roles of overly expressed Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The overexpression of Gal-1 and Gal-3 correlates with tumor growth, HCC cell migration and invasion, tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor prognosis. A potentially promising future treatment strategy for HCC may include the combination of immunotherapy with Gal-1 inhibition. Additional research is warranted to investigate targeting Gal-1 and Gal-3 for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. (Y.-J.Y. Wan)
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11
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Girotti MR, Salatino M, Dalotto-Moreno T, Rabinovich GA. Sweetening the hallmarks of cancer: Galectins as multifunctional mediators of tumor progression. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133540. [PMID: 31873723 PMCID: PMC7041721 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hanahan and Weinberg have proposed 10 organizing principles that enable growth and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. These distinctive and complementary capabilities, defined as the "hallmarks of cancer," include the ability of tumor cells and their microenvironment to sustain proliferative signaling, evade growth suppressors, resist cell death, promote replicative immortality, induce angiogenesis, support invasion and metastasis, reprogram energy metabolism, induce genomic instability and inflammation, and trigger evasion of immune responses. These common features are hierarchically regulated through different mechanisms, including those involving glycosylation-dependent programs that influence the biological and clinical impact of each hallmark. Galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, have broad influence in tumor progression by rewiring intracellular and extracellular circuits either in cancer or stromal cells, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. In this review, we dissect the role of galectins in shaping cellular circuitries governing each hallmark of tumors, illustrating relevant examples and highlighting novel opportunities for treating human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Romina Girotti
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-Oncología Traslacional, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Salatino
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Dalotto-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Jariwala KA, Sherazi AA, Tazhitdinova R, Shum K, Guevorguian P, Karagiannis J, Staples JF, Timoshenko AV. The association between increasing levels of O-GlcNAc and galectins in the liver tissue of hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:115-123. [PMID: 32157440 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational glycosylation of proteins with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) and changes of galectin expression profiles are essential in many cellular stress responses. We examine this regulation in the liver tissue of hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) representing a biological model of hypometabolism and physiological stress resistance. The tissue levels of O-GlcNAcylated proteins as well as galectin-1 and galectin-3 proteins detected by immunodot blot assay were significantly lower by 4.6-5.4-, 2.2-2.3- and 2.5-2.9-fold, respectively, in the non-hibernating summer squirrels compared with those in winter, whether hibernating or aroused. However, there were no differences in the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in O-GlcNAc cycle (O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase) and such galectins as LGALS1, LGALS2, LGALS3, LGALS4 and LGALS9. Only the expression of LGALS8 gene in the liver tissue was significantly decreased by 37.6 ± 0.1% in hibernating ground squirrels relative to summer animals. Considering that the expression of a proven genetic biomarker ELOVL6 encoding ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 was readily upregulated in non-hibernating animals by 11.3-32.9-fold, marginal differential changes in the expression of galectin genes cannot be classified as biomarkers of hibernation. Thus, this study provides evidence that hibernation in Ictidomys tridecemlineatus is associated with increasing O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins and suggests that the contribution of galectins deserves further studies at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal A Jariwala
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ali A Sherazi
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Rada Tazhitdinova
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kathryn Shum
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Philipp Guevorguian
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jim Karagiannis
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - James F Staples
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Alexander V Timoshenko
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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13
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Li Y, Chen N, Wu C, Lu Y, Gao G, Duan C, Yang H, Lu L. Galectin-1 attenuates neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease model by modulating microglial MAPK/IκB/NFκB axis through its carbohydrate-recognition domain. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 83:214-225. [PMID: 31669519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vicious cycle between the chronicactivationofmicroglia and dopamine neurons degeneration is linked with the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Targeting microglialactivationhas proven to be a viable option to develop a disease-modified therapy for PD. Galectin-1, which has been reported to have an anti-neuroinflammation effect was used in the present study to evaluate its therapeutic effects on microglia activation and neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease model. It was found that galectin-1 attenuated the inflammatory insult and the apoptosis of SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells from conditioned medium of activated microglia induced by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Nonetheless, galectin-1 administration (0.5 mg/kg) inhibited the microglia activation, improved the motor deficits in PD mice model induced by MPTP (25 mg/kg weight of mouse, i.p.) and prevented the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Administration of galectin-1 resulted in p38 and ERK1/2 dephosphorylation followed by IκB/NFκB signaling pathway inhibition. Galectin-1 significantly decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The protective effects and modulation of the MAPK/IκB/NFκB signaling pathway were abolished with β-D-galactose which blocked the carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-1. The present study demonstrated that galectin-1 inhibited microglia activation and ameliorated neurodegenerative process in PD model by modulating MAPK/IκB/NFκB axis through its carbohydrate-recognition domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nansihuanxilu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongquan Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunli Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lingling Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China.
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14
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Arda-Pirincci P, Sacan O, Ozal-Coskun C, Aykol-Celik G, Karabulut-Bulan O, Yanardag R, Bolkent S. Galectin-1 exhibits a protective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:423-432. [PMID: 31789064 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119891224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 is an important mediator that regulates the T-cell-mediated immune response. It has many other biological functions such as cell growth, immunomodulation, and wound healing. The aim of this study was to reveal the role of galectin-1 on liver morphology, cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, and antioxidant system in colitis-mediated hepatotoxicity induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). In the present study, adult mice were divided into four groups: The control group intraperitoneally injected with phosphate buffer saline (I), the group which was orally administered with DSS (II), the control group which was injected with galectin-1 (III), and the group which was given DSS and galectin-1 (IV). DSS administration caused degenerative changes and diffuse necrotic damage, an increase in caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, the levels of lipid peroxidation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, lactate dehydrogenase, and myeloperoxidase activities, and a decrease in cell proliferation, interleukin-10 levels, and antioxidant system parameters in liver tissues. Treatment of DSS group with galectin-1 reversed these effects and prevented liver damage. This study showed that galectin-1 has proliferative, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects against DSS-induced liver injury in mice. It is expected considering all results of this study that galectin-1 may be useful as a protective agent against liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arda-Pirincci
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Sacan
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - C Ozal-Coskun
- Section of Biology, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Aykol-Celik
- Section of Biology, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Karabulut-Bulan
- Division of General Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R Yanardag
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Bolkent
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Mouse Models for Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111800. [PMID: 31731753 PMCID: PMC6896030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the dominant causes of cancer-related mortality, and the survival rate of liver cancer is among the lowest for all cancers. Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has yielded some encouraging results, but the percentage of patients responding to single-agent therapies remains low. Therefore, potential directions for improved immunotherapies include identifying new immune targets and checkpoints and customizing treatment procedures for individual patients. The development of combination therapies for HCC is also crucial and urgent and, thus, further studies are required. Mice have been utilized in immunotherapy research due to several advantages, for example, being low in cost, having high success rates for inducing tumor growth, and so on. Moreover, immune-competent mice are used in immunotherapy research to clarify the role that the immune system plays in cancer growth. In this review paper, the advantages and disadvantages of mouse models for immunotherapy, the equipment that are used for monitoring HCC, and the cell strains used for inducing HCC are reviewed.
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16
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Bacigalupo ML, Piazza VG, Cicconi NS, Carabias P, Bartke A, Fang Y, Sotelo AI, Rabinovich GA, Troncoso MF, Miquet JG. Growth hormone upregulates the pro-tumorigenic galectin 1 in mouse liver. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1108-1117. [PMID: 31272083 PMCID: PMC6652241 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice overexpressing growth hormone (GH) spontaneously develop liver tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), within a year. The preneoplastic liver pathology in these mice recapitulates that observed in humans at high risk of developing hepatic cancer. Although increased expression of galectin 1 (GAL1) in liver tissue is associated with HCC aggressiveness, a link between this glycan-binding protein and hormone-related tumor development has not yet been explored. In this study, we investigated GAL1 expression during liver tumor progression in mice continuously exposed to high levels of GH. GAL1 expression was determined by Western blotting, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in the liver of transgenic mice overexpressing GH. Animals of representative ages at different stages of liver pathology were studied. GAL1 expression was upregulated in the liver of GH-transgenic mice. This effect was observed at early ages, when animals displayed no signs of liver disease or minimal histopathological alterations and was also detected in young adults with preneoplastic liver pathology. Remarkably, GAL1 upregulation was sustained during aging and its expression was particularly enhanced in liver tumors. GH also induced hepatic GAL1 expression in mice that were treated with this hormone for a short period. Moreover, GH triggered a rapid increment in GAL1 protein expression in human HCC cells, denoting a direct effect of the hormone on hepatocytes. Therefore, our results indicate that GH upregulates GAL1 expression in mouse liver, which may have critical implications in tumorigenesis. These findings suggest that this lectin could be implicated in hormone-driven liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Bacigalupo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica G Piazza
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia S Cicconi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Carabias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Ana I Sotelo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Correspondence should be addressed to M F Troncoso or J G Miquet: or
| | - Johanna G Miquet
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Correspondence should be addressed to M F Troncoso or J G Miquet: or
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