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Manzari‐Tavakoli A, Babajani A, Tavakoli MM, Safaeinejad F, Jafari A. Integrating natural compounds and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems: A novel strategy for enhanced efficacy and selectivity in cancer therapy. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7010. [PMID: 38491817 PMCID: PMC10943377 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, necessitating the development of innovative and more effective treatment strategies. Conventional cancer treatments often suffer from limitations such as systemic toxicity, poor pharmacokinetics, and drug resistance. Recently, there has been growing attention to utilizing natural compounds derived from various sources as possible cancer therapeutics. Natural compounds have demonstrated diverse bioactive properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects, making them attractive candidates for cancer treatment. However, their limited solubility and bioavailability present challenges for effective delivery to cancer cells. To overcome these limitations, researchers have turned to nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles, with their small size and unique properties, can encapsulate therapeutic agents and offer benefits such as improved solubility, prolonged drug release, enhanced cellular uptake, and targeted delivery. Functionalizing nanoparticles with specific ligands further enhances their precision in recognizing and binding to cancer cells. Combining natural compounds with nanotechnology holds great promise in achieving efficient and safe cancer treatments by enhancing bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and selectivity toward cancer cells. This review article provides an overview of the advancements in utilizing natural substances and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. It discusses the benefits and drawbacks of various types of nanoparticles, as well as the characteristics of natural compounds that make them appealing for cancer therapy. Additionally, current research on natural substances and nanoparticles in preclinical and clinical settings is highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in developing natural compound-nanoparticle-based cancer therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Manzari Tavakoli
- Department of PhytochemistryMedicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | - Fahimeh Safaeinejad
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLDShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Wang Y, Huang H, Weng H, Jia C, Liao B, Long Y, Yu F, Nie Y. Talin mechanotransduction in disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 166:106490. [PMID: 37914021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Talin protein (Talin 1/2) is a mechanosensitive cytoskeleton protein. The unique structure of the Talin plays a vital role in transmitting mechanical forces. Talin proteins connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton by linking to integrins and actin, thereby mediating the conversion of mechanical signals into biochemical signals and influencing disease progression as potential diagnostic indicators, therapeutic targets, and prognostic indicators of various diseases. Most studies in recent years have confirmed that mechanical forces also have a crucial role in the development of disease, and Talin has been found to play a role in several diseases. Still, more studies need to be done on how Talin is involved in mechanical signaling in disease. This review focuses on the mechanical signaling of Talin in disease, aiming to summarize the mechanisms by which Talin plays a role in disease and to provide references for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Haozhong Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Huimin Weng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Chunsen Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Dysfunction, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Dysfunction, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Nie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Dysfunction, Luzhou, China.
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Wang Y, Huang M, Zhou X, Li H, Ma X, Sun C. Potential of natural flavonoids to target breast cancer angiogenesis (review). Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37940117 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels form and is required for tumour growth and metastasis. It helps in supplying oxygen and nutrients to tumour cells and plays a crucial role in the local progression and distant metastasis of, and development of treatment resistance in, breast cancer. Tumour angiogenesis is currently regarded as a critical therapeutic target; however, anti-angiogenic therapy for breast cancer fails to produce satisfactory results, owing to issues such as inconsistent efficacy and significant adverse reactions. As a result, new anti-angiogenic drugs are urgently needed. Flavonoids, a class of natural compounds found in many foods, are inexpensive, widely available, and exhibit a broad range of biological activities, low toxicity, and favourable safety profiles. Several studies find that various flavonoids inhibit angiogenesis in breast cancer, indicating great therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarize the role of angiogenesis in breast cancer and the potential of natural flavonoids as anti-angiogenic agents for breast cancer treatment. We discuss the value and significance of nanotechnology for improving flavonoid absorption and utilization and anti-angiogenic effects, as well as the challenges of using natural flavonoids as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetong Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengge Huang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xintong Zhou
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Department of Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
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Kurter H, Basbinar Y, Ellidokuz H, Calibasi-Kocal G. The Role of Cyanidin-3- O-glucoside in Modulating Oxaliplatin Resistance by Reversing Mesenchymal Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:4705. [PMID: 38004099 PMCID: PMC10674439 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the biological and biochemical processes of cells, and it is a critical process in the malignant transformation, and mobility of cancer. Additionally, EMT is one of the main mechanisms contributing to chemoresistance. Resistance to oxaliplatin (OXA) poses a momentous challenge in the chemotherapy of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, highlighting the need to reverse drug resistance and improve patient survival. In this study, we explored the response of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), the most abundant anthocyanin in plants, on the mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer, with the purpose of overcoming acquired OXA resistance in CRC cell lines. METHODS We generated an acquired OXA-resistant cell line, named HCT-116-ROx, by gradually exposing parental HCT-116 cells to increasing concentrations of OXA. To characterize the resistance, we performed cytotoxicity assays and shape factor analyses. The apoptotic rate of both resistant and parental cells was determined using Hoechst 33342/Propidium Iodide (PI) fluorescence staining. Migration capacity was evaluated using a wound-healing assay. The mesenchymal phenotype was assessed through qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining, employing E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin markers. RESULTS Resistance characterization announced decreased OXA sensitivity in resistant cells compared to parental cells. Moreover, the resistant cells exhibited a spindle cell morphology, indicative of the mesenchymal phenotype. Combined treatment of C3G and OXA resulted in an augmented apoptotic rate in the resistant cells. The migration capacity of resistant cells was higher than parental cells, while treatment with C3G decreased the migration rate of HCT-116-ROx cells. Analysis of EMT markers showed that HCT-116-ROx cells exhibited loss of the epithelial phenotype (E-cadherin) and gain of the mesenchymal phenotype (N-cadherin and Vimentin) compared to HCT-116 cells. However, treatment of resistant cells with C3G reversed the mesenchymal phenotype. CONCLUSION The morphological observations of cells acquiring oxaliplatin resistance indicated the loss of the epithelial phenotype and the acquisition of the mesenchymal phenotype. These findings suggest that EMT may contribute to acquired OXA resistance in CRC. Furthermore, C3G decreased the mobility of resistant cells, and reversed the EMT process, indicating its potential to overcome acquired OXA resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kurter
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35330, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35330, Turkey;
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35330, Turkey;
| | - Gizem Calibasi-Kocal
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35330, Turkey;
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Zhang L, Yao L, Zhao F, Yu A, Zhou Y, Wen Q, Wang J, Zheng T, Chen P. Protein and Peptide-Based Nanotechnology for Enhancing Stability, Bioactivity, and Delivery of Anthocyanins. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300473. [PMID: 37537383 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin, a unique natural polyphenol, is abundant in plants and widely utilized in biomedicine, cosmetics, and the food industry due to its excellent antioxidant, anticancer, antiaging, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the degradation of anthocyanin in an extreme environment, such as alkali pH, high temperatures, and metal ions, limits its physiochemical stabilities and bioavailabilities. Encapsulation and combining anthocyanin with biomaterials could efficiently stabilize anthocyanin for protection. Promisingly, natural or artificially designed proteins and peptides with favorable stabilities, excellent biocapacity, and wide sources are potential candidates to stabilize anthocyanin. This review focuses on recent progress, strategies, and perspectives on protein and peptide for anthocyanin functionalization and delivery, i.e., formulation technologies, physicochemical stability enhancement, cellular uptake, bioavailabilities, and biological activities development. Interestingly, due to the simplicity and diversity of peptide structure, the interaction mechanisms between peptide and anthocyanin could be illustrated. This work sheds light on the mechanism of protein/peptide-anthocyanin nanoparticle construction and expands on potential applications of anthocyanin in nutrition and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Liang Yao
- College of Biotechnology, Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Alice Yu
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yueru Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Qingmei Wen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
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Nascimento RDPD, Machado APDF. The preventive and therapeutic effects of anthocyanins on colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review based on up-to-date experimental studies. Food Res Int 2023; 170:113028. [PMID: 37316089 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most lethal and the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. More than 75% of CRC cases are sporadic and lifestyle-related. Risk factors include diet, physical inactivity, genetics, smoking, alcohol, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and inflammation-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The limits of conventional treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy), as demonstrated by the side effects and resistance of many CRC patients, are making professionals search for new chemopreventive alternatives. In this context, diets rich in fruits and vegetables or plant-based products, which contain high levels of phytochemicals, have been postulated as complementary therapeutic options. Anthocyanins, phenolic pigments responsible for the vivid colors of most red, purple, and blue fruits and vegetables, have been shown protective effects on CRC. Berries, grapes, Brazilian fruits, and vegetables such as black rice and purple sweet potato are examples of products rich in anthocyanins, which have been able to reduce cancer development by modulating signaling pathways associated with CRC. Therefore, this review has as main objective to present and discuss the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of anthocyanins present in fruits and vegetables, in plant extracts, or in their pure form on CRC, taking into account up-to-date experimental studies (2017-2023). Additionally, a highlight is given towards the mechanisms of action of anthocyanins on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Paula do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism (LANUM), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (DECAN), School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Rd, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Ana Paula da Fonseca Machado
- Study and Research Group on Agroindustrial Products from the Cerrado (GEPPAC), Faculty of Engineering (FAEN), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados-Itahum Highway Km 12, 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Behind the Scenes of Anthocyanins-From the Health Benefits to Potential Applications in Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Fields. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235133. [PMID: 36501163 PMCID: PMC9738495 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are widespread and biologically active water-soluble phenolic pigments responsible for a wide range of vivid colours, from red (acidic conditions) to purplish blue (basic conditions), present in fruits, vegetables, and coloured grains. The pigments' stability and colours are influenced mainly by pH but also by structure, temperature, and light. The colour-stabilizing mechanisms of plants are determined by inter- and intramolecular co-pigmentation and metal complexation, driven by van der Waals, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and metal-ligand interactions. This group of flavonoids is well-known to have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which explains the biological effects associated with them. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the role of anthocyanins as natural colorants, showing they are less harmful than conventional colorants, with several technological potential applications in different industrial fields, namely in the textile and food industries, as well as in the development of photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells, as new photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, pharmaceuticals, and in the cosmetic industry, mainly on the formulation of skin care formulations, sunscreen filters, nail colorants, skin & hair cleansing products, amongst others. In addition, we will unveil some of the latest studies about the health benefits of anthocyanins, mainly focusing on the protection against the most prevalent human diseases mediated by oxidative stress, namely cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The contribution of anthocyanins to visual health is also very relevant and will be briefly explored.
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Peniche-Pavía HA, Guzmán TJ, Magaña-Cerino JM, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Tiessen A. Maize Flavonoid Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Human Health Relevance: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165166. [PMID: 36014406 PMCID: PMC9413827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maize is one of the most important crops for human and animal consumption and contains a chemical arsenal essential for survival: flavonoids. Moreover, flavonoids are well known for their beneficial effects on human health. In this review, we decided to organize the information about maize flavonoids into three sections. In the first section, we include updated information about the enzymatic pathway of maize flavonoids. We describe a total of twenty-one genes for the flavonoid pathway of maize. The first three genes participate in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Four genes are common biosynthetic early genes for flavonoids, and fourteen are specific genes for the flavonoid subgroups, the anthocyanins, and flavone C-glycosides. The second section explains the tissue accumulation and regulation of flavonoids by environmental factors affecting the expression of the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional complex. The study of transcription factors of the MBW complex is fundamental for understanding how the flavonoid profiles generate a palette of colors in the plant tissues. Finally, we also include an update of the biological activities of C3G, the major maize anthocyanin, including anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects, among others. This review intends to disclose and integrate the existing knowledge regarding maize flavonoid pigmentation and its relevance in the human health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A. Peniche-Pavía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Km. 9.6, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Tereso J. Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jesús M. Magaña-Cerino
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Av. Gregorio Méndez Magaña 2838-A, Col. Tamulté de las Barrancas, Villahermosa 86150, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Carmen M. Gurrola-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, C. Sierra Mojada 950. Col. Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-33-10585200 (ext. 33930)
| | - Axel Tiessen
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Km. 9.6, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside inhibits the β-catenin/MGMT pathway by upregulating miR-214-5p to reverse chemotherapy resistance in glioma cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7773. [PMID: 35545654 PMCID: PMC9095653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming resistance to alkylating agents has important clinical significance in glioma. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) has a tumor-suppressive effect on tumor cells. However, whether it plays a role in temozolomide resistance in glioma is still unclear. We constructed a TMZ-resistant LN-18/TR glioma cell line, observed the effect of C3G on TMZ resistance in this cell line, and explored the role of miR-214-5p in chemoresistance. Results showed that β-catenin and MGMT were significantly upregulated in LN-18/TR cells. C3G upregulated miR-214-5p and enhanced the cytotoxic effect of temozolomide on LN-18/TR cells. Contrarily, C3G downregulated β-catenin and MGMT. Moreover, the miR-214-5p mimic downregulated β-catenin and MGMT in LN-18/TR cells, whereas the miR-214-5p inhibitor had the opposite effect; the miR-214-5p inhibitor significantly blocked the C3G-induced downregulation of β-catenin and MGMT. C3G or the miR-214-5p mimic enhanced temozolomide-induced apoptosis in LN-18/TR cells, whereas the miR-214-5p inhibitor blocked this effect. Furthermore, C3G or miR-214-5p agomir combined with TMZ significantly inhibited the growth of LN-18/TR tumors. Collectively, our research discovered the potential signaling mechanism associated with C3G-mediated suppression of TMZ resistance in LN-18/TR cells through miR-214-5p, which can facilitate the treatment of MGMT-induced resistance in glioma cells.
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The Anti-Cancer Effects of Red-Pigmented Foods: Biomarker Modulation and Mechanisms Underlying Cancer Progression. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one the most malignant diseases that is a leading cause of death worldwide. Vegetables and fruits contain beneficial nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, folates, dietary fibers, and various natural bioactive compounds. These can prevent the pathological processes of many cancers and reduce cancer related mortality. Specifically, the anti-cancer effect of vegetables and fruits is largely attributable to the natural bioactive compounds present within them. A lot of bioactive compounds have very specific colors with pigments and the action of them in the human body varies by their color. Red-pigmented foods, such as apples, oranges, tomatoes, cherries, grapes, berries, and red wine, have been widely reported to elicit beneficial effects and have been investigated for their anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties, as well as anti-cancer effect. Most of the anti-cancer effects of bioactive compounds in red-pigmented foods arise from the suppression of cancer cell invasion and metastasis, as well as the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In this review, we assessed publications from the last 10 years and identified 10 bioactive compounds commonly studied in red-pigmented foods: lycopene, anthocyanin, β-carotene, pectin, betaine, rutin, ursolic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin. We focused on the mechanisms and targets underlying the anti-cancer effect of the compounds and provided rationale for further investigation of the compounds to develop more potent anti-cancer treatment methods.
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Bai X, Lian Y, Hu C, Yang S, Pei B, Yao M, Zhu X, Shang L, Li Z. Cyanidin-3-glucoside protects against high glucose-induced injury in human nucleus pulposus cells by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:1137-1145. [PMID: 34964128 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a well-known natural anthocyanin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we explored the role and action mechanism of C3G in high glucose (HG)-induced damage of human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs). Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. TUNEL assay was performed for detecting apoptotic rate. Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of cl-caspase-3, caspase-3, Bax, Bim, collagen II, aggrecan, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5. ROS generation was analyzed using DCFH-DA staining. The Nrf2 was knocked down or overexpressed in HNPCs through transfection with si-Nrf2 or pcDNA3.0-Nrf2. C3G treatment (12.5, 25, and 50 μM) improved cell viability of HNPCs under HG condition. HG-induced cell apoptosis of HNPCs was attenuated by C3G with decreased apoptotic rate and relative levels of cl-caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax, and Bim. C3G treatment caused significant increase in expression levels of collagen II and aggrecan and decrease in the relative levels of MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5. After treatment with C3G, ROS generation in HNPCs was markedly reduced. Treatment with N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed HG-induced cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. C3G treatment induced the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in HG-induced HNPCs. Moreover, knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the inhibitory effect of C3G on ROS production. Summarily, C3G exerted a protective effect on ROS-mediated cellular damage in HNPCs under HG condition, which was attributed to the induction of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Bai
- Department of Spine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.,The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yong Lian
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Changqing Hu
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Pei
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Mingyan Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Shi N, Chen X, Chen T. Anthocyanins in Colorectal Cancer Prevention Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101600. [PMID: 34679735 PMCID: PMC8533526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a big health burden worldwide. Nutrition and dietary factors are known to affect colorectal cancer development and prognosis. The protective roles of diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been previously reported to contain high levels of cancer-fighting phytochemicals. Anthocyanins are the most abundant flavonoid compounds that are responsible for the bright colors of most blue, purple, and red fruits and vegetables, and have been shown to contribute to the protective effects of fruits and vegetables against cancer and other chronic diseases. Berries and grapes are the most common anthocyanin-rich fruits with antitumor effects. The antitumor effects of anthocyanins are determined by their structures and bioavailability as well as how they are metabolized. In this review, we aimed to discuss the preventive as well as therapeutic potentials of anthocyanins in CRC. We summarized the antitumor effects of anthocyanins and the mechanisms of action. We also discussed the potential pharmaceutical application of anthocyanins in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, 13th Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George St., Durham, NC 27707, USA;
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, 13th Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(614)-685-9119
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Duan J, Guo H, Fang Y, Zhou G. The mechanisms of wine phenolic compounds for preclinical anticancer therapeutics. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:6507. [PMID: 34512232 PMCID: PMC8396239 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.6507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wine is one of the oldest and most popular drinks worldwide, which is rich in phenolic compounds. Epidemiological studies show that moderate consumption of wine can reduce the risk of certain diseases, and this effect is attributed to its phenolic compounds. Objective The objective of this review was to elaborate the effects of wine-derived phenolic compounds for preclinical anticancer therapeutics and their major mechanisms. Methods In this review, we discuss the classification and content of common phenolic compounds in wine and summarize previous studies that have evaluated the anticancer properties of wine-derived phenolic compounds and their mechanisms. Results Wine-derived phenolic compounds have been proven to participate in several mechanisms against cancers, including deoxyribonucleic acid damage, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, autophagy, cell invasion and metastasis, immunity and metabolism, regulation of multiple signaling molecules, and gene expression. However, the exact anticancer mechanisms of the phenolic compounds in wine need to be further investigated. Conclusion Wine-derived phenolic compounds are promising chemoprotective and chemotherapeutic agents for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Duan
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guangbiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Downregulated KIF3B Induced by miR-605-3p Inhibits the Progression of Colon Cancer via Inactivating Wnt/ β-Catenin. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5046981. [PMID: 34422048 PMCID: PMC8373513 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5046981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common malignant disease with high morbidity and mortality, and miRNA dysfunction has been confirmed as an important reason for cancer development. Several studies have verified miR-605-3p as a tumor inhibitor while its roles in colon cancer remain uncertain. In this study, the specimen of the patients and the cell lines of colon cancer were used to observe the expression of miR-605-3p, and the CCK-8, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry assay were used to observe the functions of miR-605-3p in colon cancer cells. The downstream factors of miR-605-3p were predicted by TargetScan and then were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, western blot was used to investigate the effect of miR-605-3p on Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. The result showed that miR-605-3p was extremely downregulated in the pathological tissues and tumor cells, and miR-605-3p could effectively induce the apoptosis and impede the proliferation and invasion of the tumor cells. It was found that KIF3B was a target of KIF3B; decreased KIF3B could reverse the effects of miR-605-3p on colon cancer. Besides, the inactivated Wnt/β-catenin pathway was also observed in colon cells when miR-605-3p was upregulated, and the phenomenon could be rescued by KIF3B upregulation. In conclusion, miR-605-3p could inactivate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway induced via promoting KIF3B expression.
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Lee J, Han Y, Wang W, Jo H, Kim H, Kim S, Yang KM, Kim SJ, Dhanasekaran DN, Song YS. Phytochemicals in Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081107. [PMID: 34439774 PMCID: PMC8393583 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of immune checkpoint molecules in the tumor microenvironment reduces the anti-tumor immune response by suppressing the recognition of T cells to tumor cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic option for cancer treatment. However, modulating the immune system with ICIs still faces obstacles with severe immunogenic side effects and a lack of response against many cancer types. Plant-derived natural compounds offer regulation on various signaling cascades and have been applied for the treatment of multiple diseases, including cancer. Accumulated evidence provides the possibility of efficacy of phytochemicals in combinational with other therapeutic agents of ICIs, effectively modulating immune checkpoint-related signaling molecules. Recently, several phytochemicals have been reported to show the modulatory effects of immune checkpoints in various cancers in in vivo or in vitro models. This review summarizes druggable immune checkpoints and their regulatory factors. In addition, phytochemicals that are capable of suppressing PD-1/PD-L1 binding, the best-studied target of ICI therapy, were comprehensively summarized and classified according to chemical structure subgroups. It may help extend further research on phytochemicals as candidates of combinational adjuvants. Future clinical trials may validate the synergetic effects of preclinically investigated phytochemicals with ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngjin Han
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13494, Korea
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - HyunA Jo
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heeyeon Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Soochi Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Kyung-Min Yang
- MedPacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea; (K.-M.Y.); (S.-J.K.)
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- MedPacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea; (K.-M.Y.); (S.-J.K.)
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Danny N. Dhanasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-2822
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Ye Y, Zhang R, Feng H. Fibronectin promotes tumor cells growth and drugs resistance through a CDC42-YAP-dependent signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1840-1849. [PMID: 32437085 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins or other elements in ECM. The expression of FN could be involved in the cancer cells proliferation or migration, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for FN induced protumor signals begin to be elucidated. Here, we report that the elevated expression of FN was observed in those chemoresistant tumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer. Consistently, FN culture significantly strengthened the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, induced the colorectal tumor sustained growth and drug resistance in vitro and in vivo. In mechanism, FN could bind to integrin αvβ1, resulting the downstream cell division cycle 42/yes-associated protein 1 (CDC42/YAP-1) signaling pathway activation. The activation of CDC42/YAP-1 signal induces the upregulation of transcription factor SOX2, causing the sustained growth and drugs resistance in colorectal cancer. Blockade of integrin αvβ1 significantly suppressed the colorectal cancer growth and drugs resistance development in vitro and in vivo, which provides a new target for clinical colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital/Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Haiyang Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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