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Junnila A, Zhang FP, Martínez Nieto G, Hakkarainen J, Mäkelä JA, Ohlsson C, Sipilä P, Poutanen M. HSD17B1 Compensates for HSD17B3 Deficiency in Fetal Mouse Testis but Not in Adults. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae056. [PMID: 38785348 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase (HSD17B) enzymes convert 17-ketosteroids to 17beta-hydroxysteroids, an essential step in testosterone biosynthesis. Human XY individuals with inactivating HSD17B3 mutations are born with female-appearing external genitalia due to testosterone deficiency. However, at puberty their testosterone production reactivates, indicating HSD17B3-independent testosterone synthesis. We have recently shown that Hsd17b3 knockout (3-KO) male mice display a similar endocrine imbalance, with high serum androstenedione and testosterone in adulthood, but milder undermasculinization than humans. Here, we studied whether HSD17B1 is responsible for the remaining HSD17B activity in the 3-KO male mice by generating a Ser134Ala point mutation that disrupted the enzymatic activity of HSD17B1 (1-KO) followed by breeding Hsd17b1/Hsd17b3 double-KO (DKO) mice. In contrast to 3-KO, inactivation of both HSD17B3 and HSD17B1 in mice results in a dramatic drop in testosterone synthesis during the fetal period. This resulted in a female-like anogenital distance at birth, and adult DKO males displayed more severe undermasculinization than 3-KO, including more strongly reduced weight of seminal vesicles, levator ani, epididymis, and testis. However, qualitatively normal spermatogenesis was detected in adult DKO males. Furthermore, similar to 3-KO mice, high serum testosterone was still detected in adult DKO mice, accompanied by upregulation of various steroidogenic enzymes. The data show that HSD17B1 compensates for HSD17B3 deficiency in fetal mouse testis but is not the enzyme responsible for testosterone synthesis in adult mice with inactivated HSD17B3. Therefore, other enzymes are able to convert androstenedione to testosterone in the adult mouse testis and presumably also in the human testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arttu Junnila
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Fu-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Guillermo Martínez Nieto
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Hakkarainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Juho-Antti Mäkelä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Schumacher S, Klose L, Lambertz J, Lütjohann D, Biemann R, Kuerten S, Fester L. The mitochondrial protease PARL is required for spermatogenesis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:44. [PMID: 38182793 PMCID: PMC10770312 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function plays an important role in the maintenance of male fertility. However, the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial defect-related infertility remain mostly unclear. Here we show that a deficiency of PARL (Parl-/-), a mitochondrial protease, causes complete arrest of spermatogenesis during meiosis I. PARL deficiency led to severe downregulation of proteins of respiratory chain complex IV in testes that did not occur in other tested organs, causing a deficit in complex IV activity and ATP production. Furthermore, Parl-/- testes showed an almost complete loss of HSD17B3, a protein of the sER responsible for the last step in testosterone synthesis. While testosterone production appeared to be restored by overexpression of HSD17B12, loss of the canonical testosterone synthesis led to an upregulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) and of LH-regulated responses. These results suggest an important impact of the downstream regulation of mitochondrial defects that manifest in a cell-type-specific manner and extend beyond mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schumacher
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Laura Klose
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Lambertz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Fester
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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3
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Cho HL, Kim JH, Ryu SM, Noh J, Lee SW, Choi MH. Interactive metabolic signatures of testicular testosterone with bilateral adrenalectomy in mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 231:106333. [PMID: 37244300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes have reciprocal relationships with steroidogenesis regulation. However, the relationship between testicular steroids and defective glucocorticoid production under chronic stress remains unclear. Metabolic changes of testicular steroids in bilateral adrenalectomized (bADX) 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twelve weeks after surgery, testis samples were obtained from the model mice, which were divided into tap-water (n = 12) and 1% saline (n = 24) supplementation groups, and their testicular steroid levels were compared with those of sham controls (n = 11). An increased survival rate with lower testicular levels of tetrahydro-11-deoxycorticosterone was observed in the 1% saline group compared to both the tap-water (p = 0.029) and sham (p = 0.062) groups. Testicular corticosterone levels were significantly decreased in both tap-water (4.22 ± 2.73ng/g, p = 0.015) and 1% saline (3.70 ± 1.69, p = 0.002) groups compared to those in sham controls (7.41 ± 7.39). Testicular testosterone levels tended to increase in both bADX groups compared to those in the sham controls. In addition, increased metabolic ratios of testosterone to androstenedione in tap-water (2.24 ± 0.44, p < 0.05) and 1% saline (2.18 ± 0.60, p < 0.05) mice compared to sham controls (1.87 ± 0.55) suggested increased production of testicular testosterone. No significant differences in serum steroid levels were observed. Defective adrenal corticosterone secretion and increased testicular production in bADX models revealed an interactive mechanism underlying chronic stress. The present experimental evidence suggests the crosstalk between the HPA and HPG axes in homeostatic steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Lim Cho
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Seuk-Min Ryu
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jongsung Noh
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
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4
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Lawrence BM, O’Donnell L, Smith LB, Rebourcet D. New Insights into Testosterone Biosynthesis: Novel Observations from HSD17B3 Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415555. [PMID: 36555196 PMCID: PMC9779265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are essential for male sexual development, masculinisation, and fertility. Testosterone is produced via the canonical androgen production pathway and is essential for normal masculinisation and testis function. Disruption to androgen production can result in disorders of sexual development (DSD). In the canonical pathway, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (HSD17B3) is viewed as a critical enzyme in the production of testosterone, performing the final conversion required. HSD17B3 deficiency in humans is associated with DSD due to low testosterone concentration during development. Individuals with HSD17B3 mutations have poorly masculinised external genitalia that can appear as ambiguous or female, whilst having internal Wolffian structures and testes. Recent studies in mice deficient in HSD17B3 have made the surprising finding that testosterone production is maintained, male mice are masculinised and remain fertile, suggesting differences between mice and human testosterone production exist. We discuss the phenotypic differences observed and the possible other pathways and enzymes that could be contributing to testosterone production and male development. The identification of alternative testosterone synthesising enzymes could inform the development of novel therapies to endogenously regulate testosterone production in individuals with testosterone deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M. Lawrence
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Correspondence: (B.M.L.); (D.R.)
| | - Liza O’Donnell
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Lee B. Smith
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Office for Research, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Correspondence: (B.M.L.); (D.R.)
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5
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Kang L, Chen J, Wang J, Zhao T, Wei Y, Wu Y, Han L, Zheng X, Shen L, Long C, Wei G, Wu S. Multiple transcriptomic profiling: potential novel metabolism-related genes predict prepubertal testis damage caused by DEHP exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13478-13490. [PMID: 34595713 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on prepubertal testes was examined in this study. We treated 3-week-old male mice with 4.8 mg/kg/day (milligram/kilogram/day) (no observed adverse effect level), 30 mg/kg/day (high exposure dose relative to humans), 100 mg/kg/day (level causing a reproductive system disorder), and 500 mg/kg/day (dose causing a multigenerational reproductive system disorder) of DEHP via gavage. Obvious abnormalities in the testicular organ coefficient, spermatogenic epithelium, and testosterone levels occurred in the 500 mg/kg DEHP group. Ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each group could enrich reproduction and reproductive process terms according to the gene ontology (GO) results, and coenrichment of metabolism pathway was observed by the Reactome pathway analysis. Through the analysis of common genes in the metabolism pathway, we discovered that DEHP exposure at 4.8 to 500 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg caused the same damages to the prepubertal testis. In general, we identified two key transcriptional biomarkers (fatty acid binding protein 3 (Fabp3) and carboxylesterase (Ces) 1d), which provided new insight into the gene regulatory mechanism associated with DEHP exposure and will contribute to the prediction and diagnosis of prepuberty testis injury caused by DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Kang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Woman and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lindong Han
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqin Zheng
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Room 806, Kejiao Building (NO.6), No.136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Batista VF, de Sá Schiavo Matias G, Carreira ACO, Smith LC, Rodrigues R, Araujo MS, Souza Silva DR, Moraes FDJ, Garcia JM, Miglino MA. Recellularized rat testis scaffolds with embryoid bodies cells: a promising approach for tissue engineering. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2022; 68:44-54. [PMID: 35086406 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2021.2007554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is gaining use to investigate the application of its techniques for infertility treatment. The use of pluripotent embryonic cells for in vitro production of viable spermatozoa in testicular scaffolds is a promising strategy that could solve male infertility. Due to cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, here we aim to investigate the differentiation of embryoid bodies (EBs) in cultured into decellularized rat testis scaffolds. Decellularized testis (P = 0.019) with a low concentration of gDNA (30.58 mg/ng tissue) was obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate perfusion. The structural proteins (collagens type I and III) and the adhesive glycoproteins of ECM (laminin and fibronectin) were preserved according to histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Then, decellularized rat testis were cultured for 7 days with EB, and EB mixed with retinoic acid (RA) in non-adherent plates. By SEM, we observe that embryonic stem cells adhered in the decellularized testis ECM. By immunofluorescence, we verified the positive expression of HSD17B3, GDNF, ACRV-1, and TRIM-36, indicating their differentiation using RA in vitro, reinforcing the possibility of EB in male germ cell differentiation. Finally, recellularized testis ECM may be a promising tool for future new approaches for testicular cell differentiation applied to assisted reproduction techniques and infertility treatment.Abbreviations: ACRV-1: Acrosomal vesicle protein 1; ATB: Penicillin-streptomycin; DAPI: 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole; EB: Embryoid bodies; ECM: Extracellular matrix; ESCs: Pluripotent embryonic stem cells; GAGs: Glycosaminoglycans; gDNA: Genomic DNA; GDNF: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; H&E: Hematoxylin and eosin; HSD17B3: 17-beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; PGCLCs: Primordial germ-cell-like cells; RA: Retinoic acid; SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy; SSCs: Spermatogonial stem cells; TRIM-36: Tripartite Motif Containing 36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Frias Batista
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Sá Schiavo Matias
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centre de Recherche En Reproduction Et Fertilité, Université de Montréal), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Rafaela Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Silva Araujo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dara Rubia Souza Silva
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Jesus Moraes
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Mansano Garcia
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction (Reproduction), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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El Kharraz S, Dubois V, van Royen ME, Houtsmuller AB, Pavlova E, Atanassova N, Nguyen T, Voet A, Eerlings R, Handle F, Prekovic S, Smeets E, Moris L, Devlies W, Ohlsson C, Poutanen M, Verstrepen KJ, Carmeliet G, Launonen KM, Helminen L, Palvimo JJ, Libert C, Vanderschueren D, Helsen C, Claessens F. The androgen receptor depends on ligand-binding domain dimerization for transcriptional activation. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52764. [PMID: 34661369 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas dimerization of the DNA-binding domain of the androgen receptor (AR) plays an evident role in recognizing bipartite response elements, the contribution of the dimerization of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) to the correct functioning of the AR remains unclear. Here, we describe a mouse model with disrupted dimerization of the AR LBD (ARLmon/Y ). The disruptive effect of the mutation is demonstrated by the feminized phenotype, absence of male accessory sex glands, and strongly affected spermatogenesis, despite high circulating levels of testosterone. Testosterone replacement studies in orchidectomized mice demonstrate that androgen-regulated transcriptomes in ARLmon/Y mice are completely lost. The mutated AR still translocates to the nucleus and binds chromatin, but does not bind to specific AR binding sites. In vitro studies reveal that the mutation in the LBD dimer interface also affects other AR functions such as DNA binding, ligand binding, and co-regulator binding. In conclusion, LBD dimerization is crucial for the development of AR-dependent tissues through its role in transcriptional regulation in vivo. Our findings identify AR LBD dimerization as a possible target for AR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah El Kharraz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ekatarina Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nina Atanassova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout Voet
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roy Eerlings
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Handle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Prekovic
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elien Smeets
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Moris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wout Devlies
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology and KU Leuven Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, VIB - KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Laura Helminen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claude Libert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Helsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Analyses of Molecular Characteristics and Enzymatic Activities of Ovine HSD17B3. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102876. [PMID: 34679897 PMCID: PMC8532638 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (HSD17B3) converts androstenedione (A4) into testosterone (T), which regulates sex steroid production. Because various mutations of the HSD17B3 gene cause disorder of sex differentiation (DSD) in multiple mammalian species, it is very important to reveal the molecular characteristics of this gene in various species. Here, we revealed the open reading frame of the ovine HSD17B3 gene. Enzymatic activities of ovine HSD17B3 and HSD17B1 for converting A4 to T were detected using ovine androgen receptor-mediated transactivation in reporter assays. Although HSD17B3 also converted estrone to estradiol, this activity was much weaker than those of HSD17B1. Although ovine HSD17B3 has an amino acid sequence that is conserved compared with other mammalian species, it possesses two amino acid substitutions that are consistent with the reported variants of human HSD17B3. Substitutions of these amino acids in ovine HSD17B3 for those in human did not affect the enzymatic activities. However, enzymatic activities declined upon missense mutations of the HSD17B3 gene associated with 46,XY DSD, affecting amino acids that are conserved between these two species. The present study provides basic information and tools to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind DSD not only in ovine, but also in various mammalian species.
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