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Sha Y, Zhuang H, Shi J, Ge S, He S, Wang Y, Ma L, Guo H, Cheng H. B3GALT4 modulates tumor progression and autophagy by AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:488. [PMID: 39331217 PMCID: PMC11436681 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-1,3-Galactosyltransferase-4 (B3GALT4), a member of the β-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene family, is essential to the development of many malignancies. However, its biological function in breast cancer is still unknown. METHOD Publically accessible datasets, as well as quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry on our patient cohort were used to investigate the expression levels of B3GALT4 in breast cancer. The correlation of B3GALT4 expression with clinical histopathological data and mortality in breast cancer patients was investigated. The effects of B3GALT4 in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo were investigated. RNA-seq, western blot, autophagolysosomes, and the fluorescence intensity of LC3 were used to explore the effects of B3GALT4 on autophagy. Western blot and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to identify the AKT/mTOR pathway. RESULTS B3GALT4 was significantly overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and was positively correlated with some aspects of clinicopathological status and poor prognosis. B3GALT4 overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, both in vitro and in vivo. B3GALT4 inhibition suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Suppression of B3GALT4 triggered autophagy and hindered the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION According to the present research, B3GALT4 blocked autophagy via the AKT/mTOR pathway and accelerated the growth of breast cancer. B3GALT4 may be an effective target for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Sha
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijie Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiqing He
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqiu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Whitworth IT, Romero S, Kissi-Twum A, Knoener R, Scalf M, Sherer NM, Smith LM. Identification of Host Proteins Involved in Hepatitis B Virus Genome Packaging. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:4128-4138. [PMID: 39078123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
A critical part of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle is the packaging of the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) into nucleocapsids. While this process is known to involve several viral elements, much less is known about the identities and roles of host proteins in this process. To better understand the role of host proteins, we isolated pgRNA and characterized its protein interactome in cells expressing either packaging-competent or packaging-incompetent HBV genomes. We identified over 250 host proteins preferentially associated with pgRNA from the packaging-competent version of the virus. These included proteins already known to support capsid formation, enhance viral gene expression, catalyze nucleocapsid dephosphorylation, and bind to the viral genome, demonstrating the ability of the approach to effectively reveal functionally significant host-virus interactors. Three of these host proteins, AURKA, YTHDF2, and ATR, were selected for follow-up analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation qPCR (RIP-qPCR) confirmed pgRNA-protein association in cells, and siRNA knockdown of the proteins showed decreased encapsidation efficiency. This study provides a template for the use of comparative RNA-protein interactome analysis in conjunction with virus engineering to reveal functionally significant host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella T Whitworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sofia Romero
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Abena Kissi-Twum
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rachel Knoener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mark Scalf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nathan M Sherer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lloyd M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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3
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Pereira-Carvalho D, Chagas Valim AC, Borba Vieira Andrade C, Bloise E, Fontes Dias A, Muller Oliveira Nascimento V, Silva Alves RK, Dos Santos RC, Lopes Brum F, Gomes Medeiros I, Antunes Coelho SV, Barros Arruda L, Regina Todeschini A, Barbosa Dias W, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Sex-specific effect of antenatal Zika virus infection on murine fetal growth, placental nutrient transporters, and nutrient sensor signaling pathways. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23799. [PMID: 38979938 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301951rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Maternal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy has been associated with severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), placental damage, metabolism disturbances, and newborn neurological abnormalities. Here, we investigated the impact of maternal ZIKV infection on placental nutrient transporters and nutrient-sensitive pathways. Immunocompetent (C57BL/6) mice were injected with Low (103 PFU-ZIKVPE243) or High (5 × 107 PFU-ZIKVPE243) ZIKV titers at gestational day (GD) 12.5, and tissue was collected at GD18.5 (term). Fetal-placental growth was impaired in male fetuses, which exhibited higher placental expression of the ZIKV infective marker, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), but lower levels of phospho-eIF2α. There were no differences in fetal-placental growth in female fetuses, which exhibited no significant alterations in placental ZIKV infective markers. Furthermore, ZIKV promoted increased expression of glucose transporter type 1 (Slc2a1/Glut1) and decreased levels of glucose-6-phosphate in female placentae, with no differences in amino acid transport potential. In contrast, ZIKV did not impact glucose transporters in male placentae but downregulated sodium-coupled neutral amino acid 2 (Snat2) transporter expression. We also observed sex-dependent differences in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and O-GlcNAcylation in ZIKV-infected pregnancies, showing that ZIKV can disturb placental nutrient sensing. Our findings highlight molecular alterations in the placenta caused by maternal ZIKV infection, shedding light on nutrient transport, sensing, and availability. Our results also suggest that female and male placentae employ distinct coping mechanisms in response to ZIKV-induced metabolic changes, providing insights into therapeutic approaches for congenital Zika syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pereira-Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enrrico Bloise
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariane Fontes Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rakel Kelly Silva Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronan Christian Dos Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lopes Brum
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Barros Arruda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriane Regina Todeschini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wagner Barbosa Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Li S, Ren W, Zheng J, Li S, Zhi K, Gao L. Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification in oxidative stress-induced autophagy: a novel target for bone remodeling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:358. [PMID: 38987770 PMCID: PMC11238385 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic post-translational modification (PTM) involving the covalent binding of serine and/or threonine residues, which regulates bone cell homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased due to oxidative stress in various pathological contexts related to bone remodeling, such as osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone fracture. Autophagy serves as a scavenger for ROS within bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. However, oxidative stress-induced autophagy is affected by the metabolic status, leading to unfavorable clinical outcomes. O-GlcNAcylation can regulate the autophagy process both directly and indirectly through oxidative stress-related signaling pathways, ultimately improving bone remodeling. The present interventions for the bone remodeling process often focus on promoting osteogenesis or inhibiting osteoclast absorption, ignoring the effect of PTM on the overall process of bone remodeling. This review explores how O-GlcNAcylation synergizes with autophagy to exert multiple regulatory effects on bone remodeling under oxidative stress stimulation, indicating the application of O-GlcNAcylation as a new molecular target in the field of bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqian Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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5
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Umapathi P, Aggarwal A, Zahra F, Narayanan B, Zachara NE. The multifaceted role of intracellular glycosylation in cytoprotection and heart disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107296. [PMID: 38641064 PMCID: PMC11126959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The modification of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins by O-linked β-N-actylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an essential posttranslational modification that is common in metozoans. O-GlcNAc is cycled on and off proteins in response to environmental and physiological stimuli impacting protein function, which, in turn, tunes pathways that include transcription, translation, proteostasis, signal transduction, and metabolism. One class of stimulus that induces rapid and dynamic changes to O-GlcNAc is cellular injury, resulting from environmental stress (for instance, heat shock), hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, ischemia reperfusion injury (heart attack, stroke, trauma hemorrhage), and sepsis. Acute elevation of O-GlcNAc before or after injury reduces apoptosis and necrosis, suggesting that injury-induced changes in O-GlcNAcylation regulate cell fate decisions. However, prolonged elevation or reduction in O-GlcNAc leads to a maladaptive response and is associated with pathologies such as hypertrophy and heart failure. In this review, we discuss the impact of O-GlcNAc in both acute and prolonged models of injury with a focus on the heart and biological mechanisms that underpin cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Umapathi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Akanksha Aggarwal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fiddia Zahra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bhargavi Narayanan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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6
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Mao Z, Mu J, Gao Z, Huang S, Chen L. Biological Functions and Potential Therapeutic Significance of O-GlcNAcylation in Hepatic Cellular Stress and Liver Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:805. [PMID: 38786029 PMCID: PMC11119800 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
O-linked-β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation), which is dynamically regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), is a post-translational modification involved in multiple cellular processes. O-GlcNAcylation of proteins can regulate their biological functions via crosstalk with other post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and methylation. Liver diseases are a major cause of death worldwide; yet, key pathological features of the disease, such as inflammation, fibrosis, steatosis, and tumorigenesis, are not fully understood. The dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to be involved in some severe hepatic cellular stress, viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty acid liver disease (NAFLD), malignant progression, and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through multiple molecular signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the emerging link between O-GlcNAcylation and hepatic pathological processes and provide information about the development of therapeutic strategies for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Junpeng Mu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China;
| | - Zhixiang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.M.); (Z.G.)
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7
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Tepjanta P, Fujiyama K, Misaki R, Kimkong I. The N-linked glycosylation modifications in the hepatitis B surface protein impact cellular autophagy, HBV replication, and HBV secretion. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299403. [PMID: 38489292 PMCID: PMC10942060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is a pivotal post-translational modification that significantly influences various aspects of protein biology. Autophagy, a critical cellular process, is instrumental in cell survival and maintenance. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) has evolved mechanisms to manipulate this process to ensure its survival within host cells. Significantly, post-translational N-linked glycosylation in the large surface protein of HBV (LHBs) influences virion assembly, infectivity, and immune evasion. This study investigated the role of N-linked glycosylation of LHBs in autophagy, and its subsequent effects on HBV replication and secretion. LHBs plasmids were constructed by incorporating single-, double-, and triple-mutated N-linked glycosylation sites through amino acid substitutions at N4, N112, and N309. In comparison to the wild-type LHBs, N-glycan mutants, including N309Q, N4-309Q, N112-309Q, and N4-112-309Q, induced autophagy gene expression and led to autophagosome accumulation in hepatoma cells. Acridine orange staining of cells expressing LHBs mutations revealed impaired lysosomal acidification, suggesting potential blockage of autophagic flux at later stages. Furthermore, N-glycan mutants increased the mRNA expression of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). Notably, N309Q significantly elevated HBx oncogene level. The LHBs mutants, particularly N309Q and N112-309Q, significantly enhanced HBV replication, whereas N309Q, N4-309Q, and N4-112-309Q markedly increased HBV progeny secretion. Remarkably, our findings demonstrated that autophagy is indispensable for the impact of N-linked glycosylation mutations in LHBs on HBV secretion, as evidenced by experiments with a 3-methyladenine (3-MA) inhibitor. Our study provides pioneering insights into the interplay between N-linked glycosylation mutations in LHBs, host autophagy, and the HBV life cycle. Additionally, we offer a new clue for further investigation into carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These findings underscore the potential of targeting either N-linked glycosylation modifications or the autophagic pathway for the development of innovative therapies against HBV and/or HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharin Tepjanta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- International Center for Biotechnology (ICBiotech), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Misaki
- International Center for Biotechnology (ICBiotech), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ingorn Kimkong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University – Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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Ming A, Zhao J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Li J, Zhang L. O-glycosylation in viruses: A sweet tango. MLIFE 2024; 3:57-73. [PMID: 38827513 PMCID: PMC11139210 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
O-glycosylation is an ancient yet underappreciated protein posttranslational modification, on which many bacteria and viruses heavily rely to perform critical biological functions involved in numerous infectious diseases or even cancer. But due to the innate complexity of O-glycosylation, research techniques have been limited to study its exact role in viral attachment and entry, assembly and exit, spreading in the host cells, and the innate and adaptive immunity of the host. Recently, the advent of many newly developed methodologies (e.g., mass spectrometry, chemical biology tools, and molecular dynamics simulations) has renewed and rekindled the interest in viral-related O-glycosylation in both viral proteins and host cells, which is further fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we summarize recent advances in viral-related O-glycosylation, with a particular emphasis on the mucin-type O-linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) on viral proteins and the intracellular O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modifications on host proteins. We hope to provide valuable insights into the development of antiviral reagents or vaccines for better prevention or treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annan Ming
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life SciencesCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yihan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life SciencesCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
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9
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Dutta S, Ganguly A, Ghosh Roy S. An Overview of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Autophagy Pathways in Human Viral Oncogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:81-131. [PMID: 38782502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) can be regarded as the safe keepers of cells exposed to intense stress. Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis, ensuring the removal of foreign particles and misfolded macromolecules from the cytoplasm and facilitating the return of the building blocks into the system. On the other hand, UPR serves as a shock response to prolonged stress, especially Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS), which also includes the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. Since one of the many effects of viral infection on the host cell machinery is the hijacking of the host translational system, which leaves in its wake a plethora of misfolded proteins in the ER, it is perhaps not surprising that UPR and autophagy are common occurrences in infected cells, tissues, and patient samples. In this book chapter, we try to emphasize how UPR, and autophagy are significant in infections caused by six major oncolytic viruses-Epstein-Barr (EBV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1), and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Here, we document how whole-virus infection or overexpression of individual viral proteins in vitro and in vivo models can regulate the different branches of UPR and the various stages of macro autophagy. As is true with other viral infections, the relationship is complicated because the same virus (or the viral protein) exerts different effects on UPR and Autophagy. The nature of this response is determined by the cell types, or in some cases, the presence of diverse extracellular stimuli. The vice versa is equally valid, i.e., UPR and autophagy exhibit both anti-tumor and pro-tumor properties based on the cell type and other factors like concentrations of different metabolites. Thus, we have tried to coherently summarize the existing knowledge, the crux of which can hopefully be harnessed to design vaccines and therapies targeted at viral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sounak Ghosh Roy
- Henry M Jackson for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
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10
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Li J, Lin Y, Wang X, Lu M. Interconnection of cellular autophagy and endosomal vesicle trafficking and its role in hepatitis B virus replication and release. Virol Sin 2024; 39:24-30. [PMID: 38211880 PMCID: PMC10877419 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) produces and releases various particle types, including complete virions, subviral particles with envelope proteins, and naked capsids. Recent studies demonstrate that HBV exploits distinct intracellular membrane trafficking pathways, including the endosomal vesicle trafficking and autophagy pathway, to assemble and release viral and subviral particles. Herein, we summarize the findings about the distinct roles of autophagy and endosomal membrane trafficking and the interaction of both pathways in HBV replication, assembly, and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Yong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany.
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11
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Kim SM, Kim DY, Park J, Moon YA, Han IO. Glucosamine increases macrophage lipid accumulation by regulating the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. BMB Rep 2024; 57:92-97. [PMID: 37964636 PMCID: PMC10910086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood glucose is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Data from the current study showed that glucosamine (GlcN), a normal glucose metabolite of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), promoted lipid accumulation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Oleic acid- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lipid accumulation was further enhanced by GlcN in RAW264.7 cells, although there was no a significant change in the rate of fatty acid uptake. GlcN increased acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), scavenger receptor class A, liver X receptor, and sterol regulatory elementbinding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA expression, and; conversely, suppressed ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1) and ABCG-1 expression. Additionally, GlcN promoted O-GlcNAcylation of nuclear SREBP-1 but did not affect its DNA binding activity. GlcN stimulated phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and S6 kinase. Rapamycin, a mTOR-specific inhibitor, suppressed GlcN-induced lipid accumulation in RAW264.7 cells. The GlcN-mediated increase in ACC and FAS mRNA was suppressed, while the decrease in ABCA-1 and ABCG-1 by GlcN was not significantly altered by rapamycin. Together, our results highlight the importance of the mTOR signaling pathway in GlcN-induced macrophage lipid accumulation and further support a potential link between mTOR and HBP signaling in lipogenesis. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(2): 92-97].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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12
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Du X, Shi X, Han M, Gao X, Wang C, Jiang C, Pu C. SCD1 inhibits HBV replication by regulating autophagy under high lipid conditions. Virus Genes 2023; 59:801-816. [PMID: 37644346 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant public health concern worldwide. Several metabolic processes regulate HBV DNA replication, including autophagy and lipid metabolism. In this study, we clarified the effect of lipids on HBV replication and elucidated possible mechanisms. We discovered that lipid metabolic gene expression levels were negatively correlated with the HBV DNA in plasma. Our data showed that fatty acid stimulation significantly reduced HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) levels in HepG2.2.15 cells, which are human hepatoma cell cultures transfected with HBV DNA. The Stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1)-autophagy pathway has also been implicated in inhibiting HBV replication by fatty acids stimulation. SCD1 knockdown deregulates the inhibitory effect of fatty acids on HBV by enhancing autophagy. When 3 methyladenine (3MA) was added, the inhibitory effects of specific autophagy inhibitors eliminated the positive effects of SCD1 knockdown on HBV replication. Our results indicate that SCD1 participates in the regulation of inhibition of HBV replication by fatty acids stimulation through regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyun Gao
- Department of Geriatric, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Chunmeng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Chunwen Pu
- Department of Biobank, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
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13
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Li J, Wang Y, Deng H, Li S, Qiu HJ. Cellular metabolism hijacked by viruses for immunoevasion: potential antiviral targets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228811. [PMID: 37559723 PMCID: PMC10409484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism plays a central role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Immune cells utilize metabolic pathways to modulate the cellular differentiation or death. The intricate interplay between metabolism and immune response is critical for maintaining homeostasis and effective antiviral activities. In recent years, immunometabolism induced by viral infections has been extensively investigated, and accumulating evidence has indicated that cellular metabolism can be hijacked to facilitate viral replication. Generally, virus-induced changes in cellular metabolism lead to the reprogramming of metabolites and metabolic enzymes in different pathways (glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism). Metabolic reprogramming affects the function of immune cells, regulates the expression of immune molecules and determines cell fate. Therefore, it is important to explore the effector molecules with immunomodulatory properties, including metabolites, metabolic enzymes, and other immunometabolism-related molecules as the antivirals. This review summarizes the relevant advances in the field of metabolic reprogramming induced by viral infections, providing novel insights for the development of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Su Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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14
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Wang X, Hu B, Hu H, Zhou S, Yin M, Cheng X, Zhang Z, Liu H. Tannic Acid Suppresses HBV Replication via the Regulation of NF-κB, MAPKs, and Autophagy in HepG2.2.15 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37450882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem that threatens the health of human. Tannic acid (TA), a natural polyphenol in foods, fruits, and plants, exhibits a variety of bioactive functions. In our research, we decide to explore the pharmacological mechanism of TA against HBV replication. Our results showed that TA effectively reduced the content of HBV DNA and viral antigens (HBsAg and HBeAg) in HepG2.2.15 cells. Meanwhile, TA significantly decreased the mRNA expression of HBV RNA, which include total HBV RNA, HBV pregenomic RNA, and HBV precore mRNA. Besides, TA evidently downregulated the activity of HBV promoters in HepG2.2.15 cells. Furthermore, we found that TA upregulated the expression of IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-α, and IFN-α-mediated antiviral effectors in HepG2.2.15 cells. On the contrary, TA downregulated the expression of IL-10 and hepatic nuclear factor 4 (HNF4α). In addition, TA activated the NF-κB and MAPK pathways that contributed to the inhibition of HBV replication. Finally, TA treatment led to the occurrence of autophagy, which accelerated the elimination of HBV components in HepG2.2.15 cells. Taken together, our results elucidated the suppressive effect of TA on HBV replication and provided inspiration for its clinical application in HBV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Baifei Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Haiming Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Shuhan Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Xue Cheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
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15
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Wang Y, Ren L, Bai H, Jin Q, Zhang L. Exosome-Autophagy Crosstalk in Enveloped Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10618. [PMID: 37445802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles (EVs) predominantly present in bodily fluids, participate in various physiological processes. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation mechanism, eliminates proteins and damaged organelles by forming double-membrane autophagosomes. These autophagosomes subsequently merge with lysosomes for target degradation. The interaction between autophagy and endosomal/exosomal pathways can occur at different stages, exerting significant influences on normal physiology and human diseases. The interplay between exosomes and the autophagy pathway is intricate. Exosomes exhibit a cytoprotective role by inducing intracellular autophagy, while autophagy modulates the biogenesis and degradation of exosomes. Research indicates that exosomes and autophagy contribute to the infection process of numerous enveloped viruses. Enveloped viruses, comprising viral nucleic acid, proteins, or virions, can be encapsulated within exosomes and transferred between cells via exosomal transport. Consequently, exosomes play a crucial role in the infection of certain viral diseases. This review presents recent findings on the interplay between exosomes and autophagy, as well as their implications in the infection of enveloped viruses, thereby offering valuable insights into the pathogenesis and vaccine research of enveloped virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, College of Animal Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Linzhu Ren
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, College of Animal Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haocheng Bai
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, College of Animal Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, College of Animal Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, College of Animal Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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16
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Zheng J, Deng Y, Wei Z, Zou H, Wen X, Cai J, Zhang S, Jia B, Lu M, Lu K, Lin Y. Lipid phosphatase SAC1 suppresses hepatitis B virus replication through promoting autophagic degradation of virions. Antiviral Res 2023; 213:105601. [PMID: 37068596 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol lipids play vital roles in lipid signal transduction, membrane recognition, vesicle transport, and viral replication. Previous studies have revealed that SAC1-like phosphatidylinositol phosphatase (SACM1L/SAC1), which uses phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) as its substrate, greatly affects the replication of certain bacteria and viruses in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether and how SAC1 modulates hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we observed that SAC1 silencing significantly increased HBV DNA replication, subviral particle (SVP) expression, and secretion of HBV virions, whereas SAC1 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, SAC1 overexpression inhibited HBV DNA replication and SVP expression in a hydrodynamic injection-based HBV-persistent replicating mouse model. Mechanistically, SAC1 silencing increased the number of HBV-containing autophagosomes as well as PI4P levels on the autophagosome membrane. Moreover, SAC1 silencing blocked autophagosome-lysosome fusion by inhibiting the interaction between synaptosomal-associated protein 29 and vesicle-associated membrane protein 8. Collectively, our data indicate that SAC1 significantly inhibits HBV replication by promoting the autophagic degradation of HBV virions. Our findings support that SAC1-mediated phospholipid metabolism greatly modulates certain steps of the HBV life-cycle and provide a new theoretical basis for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hecun Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in Chongqing, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in Chongqing, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in Chongqing, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in Chongqing, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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17
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Zhou Y, Li Z, Xu M, Zhang D, Ling J, Yu P, Shen Y. O-GlycNacylation Remission Retards the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223637. [PMID: 36429065 PMCID: PMC9688300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease spectrum associated with insulin resistance (IR), from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification, regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Abnormal O-GlcNAcylation plays a key role in IR, fat deposition, inflammatory injury, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. However, the specific mechanisms and clinical treatments of O-GlcNAcylation and NAFLD are yet to be elucidated. The modification contributes to understanding the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD, thus clarifying the protective effect of O-GlcNAcylation inhibition on liver injury. In this review, the crucial role of O-GlcNAcylation in NAFLD (from NAFL to HCC) is discussed, and the effect of therapeutics on O-GlcNAcylation and its potential mechanisms on NAFLD have been highlighted. These inferences present novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatments of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (P.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (P.Y.); (Y.S.)
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18
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Liu Y, Hu Y, Li S. Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Metabolic Modulation of Skeletal Muscle: A Bright but Long Way to Go. Metabolites 2022; 12:888. [PMID: 36295790 PMCID: PMC9610910 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an atypical, dynamic and reversible O-glycosylation that is critical and abundant in metazoan. O-GlcNAcylation coordinates and receives various signaling inputs such as nutrients and stresses, thus spatiotemporally regulating the activity, stability, localization and interaction of target proteins to participate in cellular physiological functions. Our review discusses in depth the involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in the precise regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, such as glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial biogenesis. The complex interaction and precise modulation of O-GlcNAcylation in these nutritional pathways of skeletal muscle also provide emerging mechanical information on how nutrients affect health, exercise and disease. Meanwhile, we explored the potential role of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle pathology and focused on its benefits in maintaining proteostasis under atrophy. In general, these understandings of O-GlcNAcylation are conducive to providing new insights into skeletal muscle (patho) physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shize Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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19
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Zhang J, Xun M, Li C, Chen Y. The O-GlcNAcylation and its promotion to hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188806. [PMID: 36152903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that attaches O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to the serine and threonine residues of proteins. Such a glycosylation would alter the activities, stabilities, and interactions of target proteins that are functional in a wide range of biological processes and diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that O-GlcNAcylation is tightly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in its onset, growth, invasion and metastasis, drug resistance, and stemness. Here we summarize the discoveries of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in HCC and its function mechanism, aiming to deepen our understanding of HCC pathology, generate more biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis, and offer novel molecular targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Min Xun
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Chaojie Li
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China.
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20
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Cao M, Yuan D, Jiang H, Zhou G, Chen C, Han G. Long non-coding RNA WAC antisense RNA 1 mediates hepatitis B virus replication <em>in vitro</em> by reinforcing miR-192-5p/ATG7-induced autophagy. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 36053263 PMCID: PMC9471915 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA WAC antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA WAC-AS1) is involved in the replication of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The purpose of this study was to determine its functions and specific mechanism. The levels of lncRNA WAC-AS1, RNA (miR)-192-5p and were examined in serum of HBV-infected patients and in HepG2.2.15 cells using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Using the database starBase, the target binding sites of lncRNA WAC-AS1 and miR-192-5p were predicted and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. The expression of pgRNA and HBV DNA was determined by qRT-PCR, while the levels of HBeAg and HBsAg were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using laser scanning confocal microscopy, the light chain 3 (LC3) expression was analyzed. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess the expression of beclin-1, p62, and LC3I/II. Overexpression of lncRNA WAC-AS1, upregulation of ATG7. and downregulation of miR-192-5p were observed in the serum of HBV-infected patients and the in vitro model. miR-192-5p directly targets lncRNA WAC-AS1. LncRNA WAC-AS1 was downregulated in lncRNA WAC-AS1-shRNA‒transfected cells. miR-192-5p was upregulated in lncRNA WAC-AS1-shRNA-transfected cells and downregulated in cells transfected with a miR-192-5p inhibitor. In HepG2 2.15 cells, the downregulation of lncRNA WAC-AS1 inhibited HBV replication and autophagy. In contrast, the miR-192-5p inhibitor-transfected group exhibited the opposite results, and ATG7 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-192-5p mimic or lncRNA WAC-AS1-shRNA on HBV replication and cell autophagy. Our findings indicate that lncRNA WAC-AS1 regulates HBV replication by reinforcing the autophagy induced by miR-192-5p/ATG7. Consequently, lncRNA WAC-AS1 may serve as a therapeutically-promising target in HBV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkai Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing.
| | - Deping Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing.
| | - Hongxiu Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing.
| | - Guanlun Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing.
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing.
| | - Guorong Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing.
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21
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Abstract
Post-translational modification with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a process referred to as O-GlcNAcylation, occurs on a vast variety of proteins. Mounting evidence in the past several decades has clearly demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation is a unique and ubiquitous modification. Reminiscent of a code, protein O-GlcNAcylation functions as a crucial regulator of nearly all cellular processes studied. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the developments in our understanding of myriad protein substrates modified by O-GlcNAcylation from a systems perspective. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive survey of O-GlcNAcylation in multiple species studied, including eukaryotes (e.g., protists, fungi, plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, murine, and human), prokaryotes, and some viruses. We evaluate features (e.g., structural properties and sequence motifs) of O-GlcNAc modification on proteins across species. Given that O-GlcNAcylation functions in a species-, tissue-/cell-, protein-, and site-specific manner, we discuss the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation on human proteins. We focus particularly on several classes of relatively well-characterized human proteins (including transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and E3 ubiquitin-ligases), with representative O-GlcNAc site-specific functions presented. We hope the systems view of the great endeavor in the past 35 years will help demystify the O-GlcNAc code and lead to more fascinating studies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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22
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Dong H, Liu Z, Wen H. Protein O-GlcNAcylation Regulates Innate Immune Cell Function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:805018. [PMID: 35185892 PMCID: PMC8850411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.805018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite-mediated protein posttranslational modifications (PTM) represent highly evolutionarily conserved mechanisms by which metabolic networks participate in fine-tuning diverse cellular biological activities. Modification of proteins with the metabolite UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), known as protein O-GlcNAcylation, is one well-defined form of PTM that is catalyzed by a single pair of enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Previous studies have discovered critical roles of protein O-GlcNAcylation in many fundamental biological activities via modifying numerous nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. A common mechanism by which O-GlcNAc affects protein function is through the cross-regulation between protein O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation. This is of particular importance to innate immune cell functions due to the essential role of protein phosphorylation in regulating many aspects of innate immune signaling. Indeed, as an integral component of cellular metabolic network, profound alteration in protein O-GlcNAcylation has been documented following the activation of innate immune cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that O-GlcNAcylation of proteins involved in the NF-κB pathway and other inflammation-associated signaling pathways plays an essential role in regulating the functionality of innate immune cells. Here, we summarize recent studies focusing on the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in regulating the NF-κB pathway, other innate immune signaling responses and its disease relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Dong
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zihao Liu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Haitao Wen
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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23
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Wang X, Wei Z, Cheng B, Li J, He Y, Lan T, Kemper T, Lin Y, Jiang B, Jiang Y, Meng Z, Lu M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes HBV production by enhancing use of the autophagosome/multivesicular body axis. Hepatology 2022; 75:438-454. [PMID: 34580902 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HBV infection has been reported to trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and initiate autophagy. However, how ER stress and autophagy influence HBV production remains elusive. Here, we studied the effect of tunicamycin (TM), an N-glycosylation inhibitor and ER stress inducer, on HBV replication and secretion and examined the underlying mechanisms. APPROACH AND RESULTS Protein disulfide isomerase (an ER marker), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (an autophagosome [AP] marker), and sequestosome-1 (a typical cargo for autophagic degradation) expression were tested in liver tissues of patients with chronic HBV infection and hepatoma cell lines. The role of TM treatment in HBV production and trafficking was examined in hepatoma cell lines. TM treatment that mimics HBV infection triggered ER stress and increased AP formation, resulting in enhanced HBV replication and secretion of subviral particles (SVPs) and naked capsids. Additionally, TM reduced the number of early endosomes and HBsAg localization in this compartment, causing HBsAg/SVPs to accumulate in the ER. Thus, TM-induced AP formation serves as an alternative pathway for HBsAg/SVP trafficking. Importantly, TM inhibited AP-lysosome fusion, accompanied by enhanced AP/late endosome (LE)/multivesicular body fusion, to release HBsAg/SVPs through, or along with, exosome release. Notably, TM treatment inhibited HBsAg glycosylation, resulting in impairment of HBV virions' envelopment and secretion, but it was not critical for HBsAg/SVP trafficking in our cell systems. CONCLUSIONS TM-induced ER stress and autophagic flux promoted HBV replication and the release of SVPs and naked capsids through the AP-LE/MVB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina.,Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Zhiqiang Wei
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany.,Institute of Biomedical ResearchHubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver CancerTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Bin Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchHubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver CancerTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Yulin He
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchHubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver CancerTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Tingyu Lan
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchHubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver CancerTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Thekla Kemper
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Yong Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bin Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchHubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver CancerTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina.,Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic SurgeryTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Yongfang Jiang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
| | - Zhongji Meng
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchHubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver CancerTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina.,Department of Infectious DiseasesTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
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24
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Wang X, Wei Z, Jiang Y, Meng Z, Lu M. mTOR Signaling: The Interface Linking Cellular Metabolism and Hepatitis B Virus Replication. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1303-1314. [PMID: 34580816 PMCID: PMC8692646 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase that includes mTOR complex (mTORC) 1 and mTORC2. The mTOR pathway is activated in viral hepatitis, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-induced hepatitis. Currently, chronic HBV infection remains one of the most serious public health issues worldwide. The unavailability of effective therapeutic strategies for HBV suggests that clarification of the pathogenesis of HBV infection is urgently required. Increasing evidence has shown that HBV infection can activate the mTOR pathway, indicating that HBV utilizes or hijacks the mTOR pathway to benefit its own replication. Therefore, the mTOR signaling pathway might be a crucial target for controlling HBV infection. Here, we summarize and discuss the latest findings from model biology research regarding the interaction between the mTOR signaling pathway and HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.,Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Zhiqiang Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Yongfang Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhongji Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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25
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Regulation of O-Linked N-Acetyl Glucosamine Transferase (OGT) through E6 Stimulation of the Ubiquitin Ligase Activity of E6AP. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910286. [PMID: 34638625 PMCID: PMC8508608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferase OGT catalyzes the conjugation of O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to Ser and Thr residues of the cellular proteins and regulates many key processes in the cell. Here, we report the identification of OGT as a ubiquitination target of HECT-type E3 ubiquitin (UB) ligase E6AP, whose overexpression in HEK293 cells would induce the degradation of OGT. We also found that the expression of E6AP in HeLa cells with the endogenous expression of the E6 protein of the human papillomavirus (HPV) would accelerate OGT degradation by the proteasome and suppress O-GlcNAc modification of OGT substrates in the cell. Overall, our study establishes a new mechanism of OGT regulation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) that mediates the crosstalk between protein ubiquitination and O-GlcNAcylation pathways underlying diverse cellular processes.
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26
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Wang X, Wei Z, Lan T, He Y, Cheng B, Li R, Chen H, Li F, Liu G, Jiang B, Lin Y, Lu M, Meng Z. CCDC88A/GIV promotes HBV replication and progeny secretion via enhancing endosomal trafficking and blocking autophagic degradation. Autophagy 2021; 18:357-374. [PMID: 34190023 PMCID: PMC8942511 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1934271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles are thought to be secreted from hepatocytes through multivesicular bodies (MVBs); however, the cellular trafficking mechanisms prior to this process remain elusive. It has been reported that CCDC88A/GIV expression, which is involved in multiple aspects of vesicular trafficking, changes dynamically at different phases of chronic HBV infection. In this study, we focused on the role of CCDC88A/GIV in HBV replication. In the liver tissues of chronically HBV-infected patients, HBV infection significantly enhanced CCDC88A/GIV expression, and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagosome formation without changing endosome formation. Additionally, colocalization of SHBsAg with early endosomes (~30.2%) far exceeded that with autophagosomes (~3.2%). In hepatoma cells, CCDC88A/GIV and its downstream proteins, DNM2 (dynamin 2; a CCDC88A/GIV effector), CLTC and RAB5A significantly enhanced HBV replication and endosome formation but inhibited autophagosome formation. Blocking endocytosis disrupted HBsAg trafficking to endosomes and caused its accumulation in the ER lumen, which triggered ER stress to initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Therefore, HBsAg trafficking into autophagosomes was increased, and the lysosomal activity and maturation, which was inhibited by HBV infection, were restored. Meanwhile, core particles were prevented from entering MVBs. CCDC88A/GIV and its other effector, GNAI3, decreased autophagic flux by enhancing the insulin-induced AKT-MTOR pathway, thereby inhibiting HBV antigens autophagic degradation. In conclusion, CCDC88A/GIV enhanced HBV replication by increasing endosomal trafficking and reducing autophagic degradation of HBV antigens, suggesting that CCDC88A/GIV-mediated endosomal trafficking plays an important role in HBV replication and progeny secretion.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AO: acridine orange; ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; CCDC88A/GIV: coiled-coil domain containing 88A; CLTC: clathrin heavy chain; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DNM2: dynamin 2; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; EIF2A: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GNAI3: G protein subunit alpha i3; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HBV RIs: HBV replication intermediates; HBcAg: HBV core protein; HBsAg: HBV surface antigen; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MVBs: multivesicular bodies; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PDI: protein disulfide isomerase; PHH: primary human hepatocyte; pSM2: a HBV replication-competent plasmid; HSPA5/BIP: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SEM: standard error of the mean; UPR: unfolded protein response
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China.,Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zhiqiang Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China.,Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tingyu Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China
| | - Yulin He
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China
| | - Fahong Li
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases,Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zhongji Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei province, China
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27
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Jiang Y, Han Q, Zhao H, Zhang J. The Mechanisms of HBV-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:435-450. [PMID: 34046368 PMCID: PMC8147889 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s307962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy, and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is its major pathogenic factor. Over the past decades, it has been confirmed that HBV infection could promote disease progression through a variety of mechanisms, ultimately leading to the malignant transformation of liver cells. Many factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of HBV-associated HCC (HBV-HCC), including HBV gene integration, genomic instability caused by mutation, and activation of cancer-promoting signaling pathways. As research in the progression of HBV-HCC progresses, the role of many new mechanisms, such as epigenetics, exosomes, autophagy, metabolic regulation, and immune suppression, is also being continuously explored. The occurrence of HBV-HCC is a complex process caused by interactions across multiple genes and multiple steps, where the synergistic effects of various cancer-promoting mechanisms accelerate the process of disease evolution from inflammation to tumorigenesis. In this review, we aim to provide a brief overview of the mechanisms involved in the occurrence and development of HBV-HCC, which may contribute to a better understanding of the role of HBV in the occurrence and development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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28
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Monitoring and modulating O-GlcNAcylation: assays and inhibitors of O-GlcNAc processing enzymes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 68:157-165. [PMID: 33535148 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is protein modification that is emerging as a regulator of diverse aspects of cellular physiology. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been linked to several diseases, spurring the creation of methods to detect and perturb the activity of the two enzymes that govern this modification - O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Here we summarize assays used for these two enzymes. We also detail the latest structure-guided development of inhibitors of these two enzymes and touch on selected reports that underscore the utility of inhibitors as tools for uncovering the diverse roles of O-GlcNAc in cell function. Finally, we summarize recent reports on the potential therapeutic benefits of antagonizing these enzymes and comment on outstanding challenges within the field.
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29
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Amiel E, Perona‐Wright G. Metabolic mediators: How immunometabolism directs the immune response to infection. Immunology 2020; 161:163-164. [PMID: 33085098 PMCID: PMC7576874 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we announce the first part of an exciting new series of reviews exploring the impact of immunometabolism in the interaction between host and pathogen, and in the outcome of infection. This collection discusses the links between metabolism and epigenetic control of cell function, post-translation modifications of host proteins that determine protein fate and host cell function, the metabolic determinants of cell migration and immune cell activity, and the tussle for iron as a metabolic mediator of host-pathogen domination. Together these reviews provide engaging new insight into the metabolic signals that guide the dynamic conversation between microbial pathogens and the mammalian hosts they aim to occupy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Amiel
- Department of Biomedical and Health SciencesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
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30
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Lin Y, Zhao Z, Huang A, Lu M. Interplay between Cellular Autophagy and Hepatitis B Virus Replication: A Systematic Review. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092101. [PMID: 32942717 PMCID: PMC7563265 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a conserved process in which cells break down and destroy old, damaged, or abnormal proteins and other substances in the cytoplasm through lysosomal degradation, occurs via autophagosome formation and aids in the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis. Autophagy is closely associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and assembly. Currently, HBV infection is still one of the most serious public health issues worldwide. The unavailability of satisfactory therapeutic strategies for chronic HBV infection indicates an urgent need to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HBV infection. Increasing evidence has shown that HBV not only possesses the ability to induce incomplete autophagy but also evades autophagic degradation, indicating that HBV utilizes or hijacks the autophagy machinery for its own replication. Therefore, autophagy might be a crucial target pathway for controlling HBV infection. The definite molecular mechanisms underlying the association between cellular autophagy and HBV replication require further clarification. In this review, we have summarized and discussed the latest findings on the interplay between autophagy and HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Z.Z.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (M.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-236-848-6780 (Y.L.); Tel.: +49-2017233530 (M.L.); +49-2017235929 (M.L.)
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Z.Z.); (A.H.)
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Z.Z.); (A.H.)
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (M.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-236-848-6780 (Y.L.); Tel.: +49-2017233530 (M.L.); +49-2017235929 (M.L.)
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