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Benwell CJ, Johnson RT, Taylor JAGE, Lambert J, Robinson SD. A proteomics approach to isolating neuropilin-dependent α5 integrin trafficking pathways: neuropilin 1 and 2 co-traffic α5 integrin through endosomal p120RasGAP to promote polarised fibronectin fibrillogenesis in endothelial cells. Commun Biol 2024; 7:629. [PMID: 38789481 PMCID: PMC11126613 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrin trafficking to and from membrane adhesions is a crucial mechanism that dictates many aspects of a cell's behaviour, including motility, polarisation, and invasion. In endothelial cells (ECs), the intracellular traffic of α5 integrin is regulated by both neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and neuropilin 2 (NRP2), yet the redundancies in function between these co-receptors remain unclear. Moreover, the endocytic complexes that participate in NRP-directed traffic remain poorly annotated. Here we identify an important role for the GTPase-activating protein p120RasGAP in ECs, promoting the recycling of α5 integrin from early endosomes. Mechanistically, p120RasGAP enables transit of endocytosed α5 integrin-NRP1-NRP2 complexes to Rab11+ recycling endosomes, promoting cell polarisation and fibronectin (FN) fibrillogenesis. Silencing of both NRP receptors, or p120RasGAP, resulted in the accumulation of α5 integrin in early endosomes, a loss of α5 integrin from surface adhesions, and attenuated EC polarisation. Endothelial-specific deletion of both NRP1 and NRP2 in the postnatal retina recapitulated our in vitro findings, severely impairing FN fibrillogenesis and polarised sprouting. Our data assign an essential role for p120RasGAP during integrin traffic in ECs and support a hypothesis that NRP receptors co-traffic internalised cargoes. Importantly, we utilise comparative proteomics analyses to isolate a comprehensive map of NRP1-dependent and NRP2-dependent α5 integrin interactions in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Benwell
- Food Microbiome and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
| | - Robert T Johnson
- Food Microbiome and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - James A G E Taylor
- Food Microbiome and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Jordi Lambert
- Food Microbiome and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, VPD Heart & Lung Research Institute, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen D Robinson
- Food Microbiome and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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Xu S, Cao B, Xuan G, Xu S, An Z, Zhu C, Li L, Tang C. Function and regulation of Rab GTPases in cancers. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:28. [PMID: 38695990 PMCID: PMC11065922 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The Rab small GTPases are characterized by the distinct intracellular localization and modulate various endocytic, transcytic and exocytic transport pathways. Rab proteins function as scaffolds that connect signaling pathways and intracellular membrane trafficking processes through the recruitment of effectors, such as tethering factors, phosphatases, motors and kinases. In different cancers, Rabs play as either an onco-protein or a tumor suppressor role, highly dependending on the context. The molecular mechanistic research has revealed that Rab proteins are involved in cancer progression through influences on migration, invasion, metabolism, exosome secretion, autophagy, and drug resistance of cancer cells. Therefore, targeting Rab GTPases to recover the dysregulated vesicle transport systems may provide potential strategy to restrain cancer progression. In this review, we discuss the regulation of Rab protein level and activity in modulating pathways involved in tumor progression, and propose that Rab proteins may serve as a prognostic factor in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouying Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ge Xuan
- Department of Gynaecology, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, No.339 Liuting Road, Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - Shu Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Zihao An
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Chongying Zhu
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China.
| | - Chao Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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Dhupar R, Powers AA, Eisenberg SH, Gemmill RM, Bardawil CE, Udoh HM, Cubitt A, Nangle LA, Soloff AC. Orchestrating Resilience: How Neuropilin-2 and Macrophages Contribute to Cardiothoracic Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1446. [PMID: 38592275 PMCID: PMC10934188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunity has evolved to balance the destructive nature of inflammation with wound healing to overcome trauma, infection, environmental insults, and rogue malignant cells. The inflammatory response is marked by overlapping phases of initiation, resolution, and post-resolution remodeling. However, the disruption of these events can lead to prolonged tissue damage and organ dysfunction, resulting long-term disease states. Macrophages are the archetypic phagocytes present within all tissues and are important contributors to these processes. Pleiotropic and highly plastic in their responses, macrophages support tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration, all while balancing immunologic self-tolerance with the clearance of noxious stimuli, pathogens, and malignant threats. Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2), a promiscuous co-receptor for growth factors, semaphorins, and integrins, has increasingly been recognized for its unique role in tissue homeostasis and immune regulation. Notably, recent studies have begun to elucidate the role of Nrp2 in both non-hematopoietic cells and macrophages with cardiothoracic disease. Herein, we describe the unique role of Nrp2 in diseases of the heart and lung, with an emphasis on Nrp2 in macrophages, and explore the potential to target Nrp2 as a therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Dhupar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Surgical and Research Services, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Amy A. Powers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Seth H. Eisenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Robert M. Gemmill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Charles E. Bardawil
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Hannah M. Udoh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Andrea Cubitt
- aTyr Pharma, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (A.C.); (L.A.N.)
| | | | - Adam C. Soloff
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Surgical and Research Services, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
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Akizawa H, Lopes E, Fissore RA. Zn 2+ is Essential for Ca 2+ Oscillations in Mouse Eggs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.13.536745. [PMID: 37131581 PMCID: PMC10153198 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the intracellular concentration of free calcium (Ca2+) underpin egg activation and initiation of development in animals and plants. In mammals, the Ca2+ release is periodical, known as Ca2+ oscillations, and mediated by the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1). Another divalent cation, zinc (Zn2+), increases exponentially during oocyte maturation and is vital for meiotic transitions, arrests, and polyspermy prevention. It is unknown if these pivotal cations interplay during fertilization. Here, using mouse eggs, we showed that basal concentrations of labile Zn2+ are indispensable for sperm-initiated Ca2+ oscillations because Zn2+-deficient conditions induced by cell-permeable chelators abrogated Ca2+ responses evoked by fertilization and other physiological and pharmacological agonists. We also found that chemically- or genetically generated eggs with lower levels of labile Zn2+ displayed reduced IP3R1 sensitivity and diminished ER Ca2+ leak despite the stable content of the stores and IP3R1 mass. Resupplying Zn2+ restarted Ca2+ oscillations, but excessive Zn2+ prevented and terminated them, hindering IP3R1 responsiveness. The findings suggest that a window of Zn2+ concentrations is required for Ca2+ responses and IP3R1 function in eggs, ensuring optimal response to fertilization and egg activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Akizawa
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - Emily Lopes
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - Rafael A. Fissore
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
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5
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Vu R, Dragan M, Sun P, Werner S, Dai X. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity and Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cutaneous Wound Healing. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041237. [PMID: 36617638 PMCID: PMC10411868 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial and endothelial cells possess the inherent plasticity to undergo morphological, cellular, and molecular changes leading to their resemblance of mesenchymal cells. A prevailing notion has been that cutaneous wound reepithelialization involves partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of wound-edge epidermal cells to enable their transition from a stationary state to a migratory state. In this review, we reflect on past findings that led to this notion and discuss recent studies that suggest a refined view, focusing predominantly on in vivo results using mammalian excisional wound models. We highlight the concept of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), which emphasizes a reversible conversion of epithelial cells across multiple intermediate states within the epithelial-mesenchymal spectrum, and discuss the critical importance of restricting EMT for effective wound reepithelialization. We also outline the current state of knowledge on EMP in pathological wound healing, and on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a process similar to EMT, as a possible mechanism contributing to wound fibrosis and scar formation. Harnessing epithelial/endothelial-mesenchymal plasticity may unravel opportunities for developing new therapeutics to treat human wound healing pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Vu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
| | - Morgan Dragan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, 8093 ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
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6
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Bansal S, Ladumor MK, Paine MF, Unadkat JD. A Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Cannabidiol in Healthy Adults, Hepatically-Impaired Adults, and Children. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:743-752. [PMID: 36972999 PMCID: PMC10197200 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is available as a prescription oral drug that is indicated for the treatment of some types of epilepsy in children and adults. CBD is also available over-the-counter and is used to self-treat a variety of other ailments, including pain, anxiety, and insomnia. Accordingly, CBD may be consumed with other medications, resulting in possible CBD-drug interactions. Such interactions can be predicted in healthy and hepatically-impaired (HI) adults and in children through physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation. These PBPK models must be populated with CBD-specific parameters, including the enzymes that metabolize CBD in adults. In vitro reaction phenotyping experiments showed that UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs, 80%), particularly UGT2B7 (64%), were the major contributors to CBD metabolism in adult human liver microsomes. Among the cytochrome P450s (CYPs) tested, CYP2C19 (5.7%) and CYP3A (6.5%) were the major CYPs responsible for CBD metabolism. Using these and other physicochemical parameters, a CBD PBPK model was developed and validated for healthy adults. This model was then extended to predict CBD systemic exposure in HI adults and children. Our PBPK model successfully predicted CBD systemic exposure in both populations within 0.5- to 2-fold of the observed values. In conclusion, we developed and validated a PBPK model to predict CBD systemic exposure in healthy and HI adults and children. This model can be used to predict CBD-drug or CBD-drug-disease interactions in these populations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our PBPK model successfully predicted CBD systemic exposure in healthy and hepatically-impaired adults, as well as children with epilepsy. This model could be used in the future to predict CBD-drug or CBD-drug-disease interactions in these special populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.B., M.K.L., J.D.U.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (M.F.P.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research (M.F.P., J.D.U.)
| | - Mayur K Ladumor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.B., M.K.L., J.D.U.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (M.F.P.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research (M.F.P., J.D.U.)
| | - Mary F Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.B., M.K.L., J.D.U.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (M.F.P.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research (M.F.P., J.D.U.)
| | - Jashvant D Unadkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (S.B., M.K.L., J.D.U.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (M.F.P.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research (M.F.P., J.D.U.)
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7
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Exploring RAB11A Pathway to Hinder Chronic Myeloid Leukemia-Induced Angiogenesis In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030742. [PMID: 36986603 PMCID: PMC10056245 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoangiogenesis is generally correlated with poor prognosis, due to the promotion of cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis. The progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is frequently associated with an increased vascular density in bone marrow. From a molecular point of view, the small GTP-binding protein Rab11a, involved in the endosomal slow recycling pathway, has been shown to play a crucial role for the neoangiogenic process at the bone marrow of CML patients, by controlling the secretion of exosomes by CML cells, and by regulating the recycling of vascular endothelial factor receptors. The angiogenic potential of exosomes secreted by the CML cell line K562 has been previously observed using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were functionalized with an anti-RAB11A oligonucleotide (AuNP@RAB11A) to downregulate RAB11A mRNA in K562 cell line which showed a 40% silencing of the mRNA after 6 h and 14% silencing of the protein after 12 h. Then, using the in vivo CAM model, these exosomes secreted by AuNP@RAB11A incubated K562 did not present the angiogenic potential of those secreted from untreated K562 cells. These results demonstrate the relevance of Rab11 for the neoangiogenesis mediated by tumor exosomes, whose deleterious effect may be counteracted via targeted silencing of these crucial genes; thus, decreasing the number of pro-tumoral exosomes at the tumor microenvironment.
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Neonatal Plasma Exosomes Contribute to Endothelial Cell-Mediated Angiogenesis and Cardiac Repair after Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043196. [PMID: 36834610 PMCID: PMC9959818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) accompanied by cardiac remodeling still lacks effective treatment to date. Accumulated evidences suggest that exosomes from various sources play a cardioprotective and regenerative role in heart repair, but their effects and mechanisms remain intricate. Here, we found that intramyocardial delivery of plasma exosomes from neonatal mice (npEXO) could help to repair the adult heart in structure and function after AMI. In-depth proteome and single-cell transcriptome analyses suggested that npEXO ligands were majorly received by cardiac endothelial cells (ECs), and npEXO-mediated angiogenesis might serve as a pivotal reason to ameliorate the infarcted adult heart. We then innovatively constructed systematical communication networks among exosomal ligands and cardiac ECs and the final 48 ligand-receptor pairs contained 28 npEXO ligands (including the angiogenic factors, Clu and Hspg2), which mainly mediated the pro-angiogenic effect of npEXO by recognizing five cardiac EC receptors (Kdr, Scarb1, Cd36, etc.). Together, the proposed ligand-receptor network in our study might provide inspiration for rebuilding the vascular network and cardiac regeneration post-MI.
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Justynski O, Bridges K, Krause W, Forni MF, Phan Q, Sandoval-Schaefer T, Driskell R, Miller-Jensen K, Horsley V. Apoptosis recognition receptors regulate skin tissue repair in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.523241. [PMID: 36711968 PMCID: PMC9882102 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.523241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells via efferocytosis are evolutionarily conserved processes that drive tissue repair. However, the mechanisms by which recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells regulate repair are not fully understood. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to provide a map of the cellular dynamics during early inflammation in mouse skin wounds. We find that apoptotic pathways and efferocytosis receptors are elevated in fibroblasts and immune cells, including resident Lyve1 + macrophages, during inflammation. Interestingly, human diabetic foot wounds upregulate mRNAs for apoptotic genes and display increased and altered efferocytosis signaling via the receptor Axl. During early inflammation in mouse wounds, we detect upregulation of Axl in dendritic cells and fibroblasts via TLR3-independent mechanisms. Inhibition studies in vivo in mice reveal that Axl signaling is required for wound repair but is dispensable for efferocytosis. By contrast, inhibition of another efferocytosis receptor, Timd4, in mouse wounds decreases efferocytosis and abrogates wound repair. These data highlight the distinct mechanisms by which apoptotic cell detection coordinates tissue repair and provides potential therapeutic targets for chronic wounds in diabetic patients.
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10
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Araújo M, Tavares A, Vieira DV, Telley IA, Oliveira RA. Endoplasmic reticulum membranes are continuously required to maintain mitotic spindle size and forces. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201540. [PMID: 36379670 PMCID: PMC9671068 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane organelle function, localization, and proper partitioning upon cell division depend on interactions with the cytoskeleton. Whether membrane organelles also impact the function of cytoskeletal elements remains less clear. Here, we show that acute disruption of the ER around spindle poles affects mitotic spindle size and function in Drosophila syncytial embryos. Acute ER disruption was achieved through the inhibition of ER membrane fusion by the dominant-negative cytoplasmic domain of atlastin. We reveal that when centrosome-proximal ER membranes are disrupted, specifically at metaphase, mitotic spindles become smaller, despite no significant changes in microtubule dynamics. These smaller spindles are still able to mediate sister chromatid separation, yet with decreased velocity. Furthermore, by inducing mitotic exit, we found that nuclear separation and distribution are affected by ER disruption. Our results suggest that ER integrity around spindle poles is crucial for the maintenance of mitotic spindle shape and pulling forces. In addition, ER integrity also ensures nuclear spacing during syncytial divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ivo A Telley
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Raquel A Oliveira
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Integrin receptor trafficking in health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:271-302. [PMID: 36813362 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a family of 24 different heterodimers that are indispensable for multicellular life. Cell polarity, adhesion and migration are controlled by integrins delivered to the cell surface which in turn is regulated by the exo- and endocytic trafficking of integrins. The deep integration between trafficking and cell signaling determines the spatial and temporal output from any biochemical cue. Integrin trafficking plays a key role in development and many pathological conditions, especially cancer. Several novel regulators of integrin traffic have been discovered in recent times, including a novel class of integrin carrying vesicles, the intracellular nanovesicles (INVs). The tight regulation of trafficking pathways by cell signaling, where kinases phosphorylate key small GTPases in the trafficking pathway enable coordination of cell response to the extracellular milieu. Integrin heterodimer expression and trafficking differ in different tissues and contexts. In this Chapter, we discuss recent studies on integrin trafficking and its contribution to normal physiological and pathophysiological states.
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12
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Benwell CJ, Johnson RT, Taylor JA, Price CA, Robinson SD. Endothelial VEGFR Coreceptors Neuropilin-1 and Neuropilin-2 Are Essential for Tumor Angiogenesis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1626-1640. [PMID: 36970722 PMCID: PMC10036134 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilin (NRP) expression is highly correlated with poor outcome in multiple cancer subtypes. As known coreceptors for VEGFRs, core drivers of angiogenesis, past investigations have alluded to their functional roles in facilitating tumorigenesis by promoting invasive vessel growth. Despite this, it remains unclear as to whether NRP1 and NRP2 act in a synergistic manner to enhance pathologic angiogenesis. Here we demonstrate, using NRP1 ECKO , NRP2 ECKO , and NRP1/NRP2 ECKO mouse models, that maximum inhibition of primary tumor development and angiogenesis is achieved when both endothelial NRP1 and NRP2 are targeted simultaneously. Metastasis and secondary site angiogenesis were also significantly inhibited in NRP1/NRP2 ECKO animals. Mechanistic studies revealed that codepleting NRP1 and NRP2 in mouse-microvascular endothelial cells stimulates rapid shuttling of VEGFR-2 to Rab7+ endosomes for proteosomal degradation. Our results highlight the importance of targeting both NRP1 and NRP2 to modulate tumor angiogenesis. Significance The findings presented in this study demonstrate that tumor angiogenesis and growth can be arrested completely by cotargeting endothelial NRP1 and NRP2. We provide new insight into the mechanisms of action regulating NRP-dependent tumor angiogenesis and signpost a novel approach to halt tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Benwell
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Robert T. Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - James A.G.E. Taylor
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Price
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D. Robinson
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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13
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Graham S, Blaxland M, Bolt R, Beadman M, Gardner K, Martin K, Doyle M, Beetson K, Murphy D, Bell S, Newman CE, Bryant J. Aboriginal peoples' perspectives about COVID-19 vaccines and motivations to seek vaccination: a qualitative study. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e008815. [PMID: 35858705 PMCID: PMC9304971 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) people compared with non-Aboriginal people in Australia have higher rates of chronic conditions. These conditions increase the risk of poorer health outcomes if infected with COVID-19, highlighting the importance of COVID-19 vaccination. This study examined what Aboriginal people think about COVID-19 vaccines, reasons why they were vaccinated or not vaccinated and factors involved in receiving COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS We used a participatory peer researcher method to interview 35 Aboriginal people aged 15-80 years living in Western Sydney, Australia. Local Aboriginal people who had ties with the community conducted the interviews. The questions and analyses were framed using the WHO's Behavioural and Social Drivers of COVID-19 model. Interviews occurred between February 2021 and March 2021. Peer researchers were paid for their time in training and to conduct the interviews and each participant received $50. RESULTS Reasons why participants would seek vaccination included: to protect themselves from infection and severe illness, to protect others in their community, to travel again and to return to 'normal life'. Reasons why some participants were hesitant about being vaccinated included: fear of vaccine side effects; negative stories on social media; and distrust in Australian governments and medical institutions. Aboriginal people preferred to access COVID-19 vaccination through their local Aboriginal Health Service or a general practitioner they already knew. CONCLUSION Achieving high vaccination rates in Aboriginal communities is possible if vaccination programmes are delivered through trusted general practitioners or Aboriginal Health Services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Blaxland
- Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reuben Bolt
- Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Mitchell Beadman
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy Gardner
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kacey Martin
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Doyle
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Indigenous Health and Alcohol, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Beetson
- Department of Aboriginal Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dean Murphy
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Bell
- Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christy E Newman
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne Bryant
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Gao S, Wu X, Wang L, Bu T, Perrotta A, Guaglianone G, Silvestrini B, Sun F, Cheng CY. Signaling Proteins That Regulate Spermatogenesis Are the Emerging Target of Toxicant-Induced Male Reproductive Dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:800327. [PMID: 35002976 PMCID: PMC8739942 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.800327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that environmental toxicants, in particular endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as cadmium and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), induce Sertoli cell and testis injury, thereby perturbing spermatogenesis in humans, rodents and also widelife. Recent studies have shown that cadmium (e.g., cadmium chloride, CdCl2) and PFOS exert their disruptive effects through putative signaling proteins and signaling cascade similar to other pharmaceuticals, such as the non-hormonal male contraceptive drug adjudin. More important, these signaling proteins were also shown to be involved in modulating testis function based on studies in rodents. Collectively, these findings suggest that toxicants are using similar mechanisms that used to support spermatogenesis under physiological conditions to perturb Sertoli and testis function. These observations are physiologically significant, since a manipulation on the expression of these signaling proteins can possibly be used to manage the toxicant-induced male reproductive dysfunction. In this review, we highlight some of these findings and critically evaluate the possibility of using this approach to manage toxicant-induced defects in spermatrogenesis based on recent studies in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Tiao Bu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Adolfo Perrotta
- Department of Translational & Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guaglianone
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, “Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Roma 4”, Civitavecchia, Italy
| | - Bruno Silvestrini
- Institute of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: C. Yan Cheng, ; Fei Sun,
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: C. Yan Cheng, ; Fei Sun,
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