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Shen S, Zhang Y. Restoration of corneal epithelial barrier function: A possible target for corneal neovascularization. Ocul Surf 2024; 34:38-49. [PMID: 38901546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) is the second leading common cause of vision impairment worldwide and is a blinding pathological alteration brought on by ocular trauma, infection, and other factors. There are some limitations in the treatment of CoNV, hence it's critical to look into novel therapeutic targets. The corneal epithelial barrier, which is the initial barrier of the ocular surface, is an important structure that shields the eye from changes in the internal environment or invasion by the external environment. This study sought to collate evidence on the regulation of corneal epithelial barrier injury on the activation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs), basement membrane (BM) degradation, differentiation, migration, and proliferation of VECs, vascular maturation and stability, and other key processes in CoNV, so as to provide a novel concept for CoNV therapy targeting corneal epithelial barrier repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130041, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130041, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Cho WJ, Pulimamidi VK, Mittal SK, Chauhan SK. Mesenchymal stromal cells protect tissues from Th1 immune responses via IL-11 secretion. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23683. [PMID: 38758184 PMCID: PMC11149610 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400078r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to modulate the function of various subsets of T cells such as naïve CD4+ T cells and IFNγ+CD4+ Th1 cells; however, mechanisms underlying this regulation have not been fully deciphered. Our in vitro culture assays demonstrate that MSCs suppress the activation and function of CD4+ T cells by secreting interleukin 11, and neutralization of IL11 abrogates MSC-mediated suppression of CD4+ T cell function. Moreover, delayed-type, exogenous supplementation of IL11 significantly suppressed IFNγ+ expression by Th1 cells. Th1 and CD8+ cells play central roles in T cell-mediated tissue damage. Using a murine model of hypersensitivity response to study T cell-mediated tissue damage, we show that silencing IL11 in MSCs significantly abates the capacity of MSCs to suppress the generation of IFNγ-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ cells, failing to prevent T cell-mediated tissue inflammation and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonKyung J Cho
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vinay K Pulimamidi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharad K Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nakajima I, Fukuda K, Ishida W, Kishimoto T, Kuwana A, Suzuki T, Kaito C, Yamashiro K. Staphylococcus aureus-derived virulent phenol-soluble modulin α triggers alarmin release to drive IL-36-dependent corneal inflammation. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105237. [PMID: 37805122 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from patients with keratitis produces substantial amounts of phenol-soluble modulin α (PSMα). However, the role of PSMα in S. aureus keratitis remains unclear. We observed that PSMα-producing and PSMα-deficient strains could infect the cornea in our experimental mouse keratitis model; however, only the PSMα-producing strain delayed epithelial wound healing and induced stromal inflammation. PSMα induced damage to the epithelium, the release of alarmins IL-1α and IL-36α, and the expression of inflammatory chemokines by resident corneal cells in the mouse corneal organ culture. The IL-36 (but not IL-1) receptor antagonist attenuated mouse keratitis induced by PSMα-containing bacterial culture supernatants, as well as by infection with PSMα-producing S. aureus, suggesting that the corneal inflammations were dependent on IL-36. Recombinant PSMα elicited IL-36-dependent corneal inflammation in mice. Thus, PSMα and the subsequently released IL-36 are critical factors triggering inflammation during S. aureus keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isana Nakajima
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Ken Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
| | - Waka Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Kishimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Aozora Kuwana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikara Kaito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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Singh A, Cho WJ, Pulimamidi VK, Mittal SK, Chauhan SK. Interleukin-11 Suppresses Ocular Surface Inflammation and Accelerates Wound Healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:1. [PMID: 37910094 PMCID: PMC10627293 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Regulation of inflammation is critical for achieving favorable outcomes in wound healing. In this study, we determine the functional role and mechanism of action of IL-11, an immunomodulatory cytokine, in regulating inflammatory response at the ocular surface. Methods Corneal injury was induced by mechanical removal of the epithelium and anterior stroma using an AlgerBrush II. Transcript and protein levels of IL-11 in injured cornea were quantified using real-time PCR and ELISA analysis. Corneal inflammation was assessed by measuring frequencies of total CD45+ inflammatory cells, CD11b+Ly6G+ polymorphonuclear cells (neutrophils), and CD11b+Ly6G- mononuclear cells (macrophages, monocytes) at the ocular surface using flow cytometry. To assess the effect of IL-11 on innate immune cell function, cell activation marker and inflammatory cytokines including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNFα, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured following recombinant IL-11 treatment (1 µg/mL). Injured corneas were topically treated with IL-11 (1 µg/mL), and wound healing was evaluated using corneal fluorescein staining. Results Corneal injury resulted in increased levels of IL-11 in the cornea, particularly in the stroma. Neutrophils and CD11b+ mononuclear cells (macrophages, monocytes) substantially expressed IL-11 receptor. Interestingly, IL-11 significantly downregulated the activation of immune cells, as evidenced by the lower expression of MHC II and TNFα by CD11b+ mononuclear cells and lower levels of MPO by neutrophils. Topical administration of IL-11 to injured corneas led to faster wound healing and better retention of tissue architecture. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate IL-11 is a key modulator of ocular surface inflammation and provide novel evidence of IL-11 as a potential therapeutic to control inflammatory damage and accelerate wound repair following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Singh
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - WonKyung J Cho
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Vinay K Pulimamidi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sharad K Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Sun C, Tian L, Wei Y, Chen P, Wu X, Jie Y. Novel bisdemethoxycurcumin@phytomicelle ophthalmic solution: In vitro formulation appraisal and in vivo prompting rapid corneal wound healing evaluations. Exp Eye Res 2023; 234:109608. [PMID: 37517540 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A simple and novel phytochemical-based nano-ophthalmic solution was developed for the treatment of eye diseases. This nanoformulation was produced from the mixture of the phytochemicals glycyrrhizin and alpha-glycosyl hesperidin, which serve as the phytonanomaterials that solubilize bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a promising phytochemical with strong pharmacological activities but with poor water solubility. This novel nanoformulation is a clear solution named as BDMC@phytomicelle ophthalmic solution, which was formulated using a simple preparation process. The BDMC@phytomicelles were characterized by a BDMC encapsulation efficiency of 98.37% ± 2.26%, a small phytomicelle size of 4.06 ± 0.22 nm, and a small polydispersity index of 0.25 ± 0.04. With the optimization of the BDMC@phytomicelles, the apparent solubility of BDMC (i.e., the loading of BDMC in the phytomicelles) in the simulated lacrimal fluid was 3.19 ± 0.02 mg/ml. The BDMC@phytomicelle ophthalmic solution demonstrated a good storage stability. Moreover, it did not cause irritations in rabbit eyes, and it facilitated the excellent corneal permeation of BDMC in mice. The BDMC@phytomicelles demonstrated a marked effect on the in vivo induction of corneal wound healing both in healthy and denervated corneas, as seen in the induction of corneal epithelial wound healing, recovery of corneal sensitivity, and increase in corneal subbasal nerve fiber density. These strong pharmacological activities involve the inhibition of hmgb1 signaling and the induction of VIP signaling. Overall, the BDMC@phytomicelle ophthalmic solution is a novel and promising simple ocular nano-formulation of BDMC with significantly improved in vivo profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Sun
- Ophthalmology Department, Beijing HuiMin Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing TongRen Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing TongRen Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Wei
- Viwit Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zaozhuang, Shandong, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing TongRen Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Li L, Wang H, Pang S, Wang L, Fan Z, Ma C, Yang S, Banda J, Hui Q, Lv F, Fan H, Huang T, Zhang X, Wang X. rhFGF-21 accelerates corneal epithelial wound healing through the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105127. [PMID: 37544647 PMCID: PMC10481360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic keratopathy, commonly associated with a hyperactive inflammatory response, is one of the most common eye complications of diabetes. The peptide hormone fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, whether administration of recombinant human (rh) FGF-21 can potentially regulate diabetic keratopathy is still unknown. Therefore, in this work, we investigated the role of rhFGF-21 in the modulation of corneal epithelial wound healing, the inflammation response, and oxidative stress using type 1 diabetic mice and high glucose-treated human corneal epithelial cells. Our experimental results indicated that the application of rhFGF-21 contributed to the enhancement of epithelial wound healing. This treatment also led to advancements in tear production and reduction in corneal edema. Moreover, there was a notable reduction in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, IFN-γ, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in both diabetic mouse corneal epithelium and human corneal epithelial cells treated with high glucose. Furthermore, we found rhFGF-21 treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species production and increased levels of anti-inflammatory molecules IL-10 and SOD-1, which suggests that FGF-21 has a protective role in diabetic corneal epithelial healing by increasing the antioxidant capacity and reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases. Therefore, we propose that administration of FGF-21 may represent a potential treatment for diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Development of Growth Factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shucai Pang
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Development of Growth Factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangshun Wang
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengkai Fan
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shufen Yang
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China
| | - Joshua Banda
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Hui
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangyi Lv
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haibing Fan
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tongzhou Huang
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Development of Growth Factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Development of Growth Factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, China.
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Cho WJ, Mittal SK, Chauhan SK. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Suppress T-Cell-Mediated Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity via ALCAM-CD6 Interaction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:221-233. [PMID: 36972356 PMCID: PMC10108723 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) suppress CD4+ T-cell activation, but whether MSCs directly regulate activation and expansion of allogeneic T cells has not been fully deciphered. Here, we identified that both human and murine MSCs constitutively express ALCAM, a cognate ligand for CD6 receptors on T cells, and investigated its immunomodulatory function using in vivo and in vitro experiments. Our controlled coculture assays demonstrated that ALCAM-CD6 pathway is critical for MSCs to exert its suppressive function on early CD4+CD25- T-cell activation. Moreover, neutralizing ALCAM or CD6 results in the abrogation of MSC-mediated suppression of T-cell expansion. Using a murine model of delayed-type hypersensitivity response to alloantigen, we show that ALCAM-silenced MSCs lose the capacity to suppress the generation of alloreactive IFNγ-secreting T cells. Consequently, MSCs, following ALCAM knockdown, failed to prevent allosensitization and alloreactive T-cell-mediated tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonKyung J Cho
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharad K Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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