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Ricciuti RA, Mancini F, Ricciuti V, Paracino R. Awake craniotomy in an adolescent patient with an extraventricular neurocytoma. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e256102. [PMID: 37977834 PMCID: PMC10660200 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Mancini
- Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Umbria, Italy
| | - Vittorio Ricciuti
- Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Paracino
- Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Umbria, Italy
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Durrani S, Tebha SS, Qamar MA, Nathani KR, Harrison DJ, Aljameey UA, Jarrah R, Shoushtari A, Bydon M. Central neurocytomas: research trends, most cited papers, and scientometrics analysis to date. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:57. [PMID: 36786867 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-01960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Central neurocytoma is the most common primary intraventricular tumor in adults being classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a benign grade II tumor with a good prognosis. Given the recent advances with regard to this tumor, a bibliometric analysis was due to study the future direction of research for neurocytomas. A comprehensive Elsevier's Scopus database search was performed to capture all published and indexed studies to date relevant to neurocytoma. A discrete set of validated bibliometric parameters were extracted and analyzed on R v4.1.3. A total of 1002 documents were included in our analysis covering a period between 1910 and 2021 (111 years). Around 98.5% of the documents were multi-author publications with a collaboration index (CI) of 4.21. Acta Neuropathologica, The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, and Cancer were the journals to include the highest number of top ten cited articles (2 out of 10 most cited articles, 20%). Switzerland (4 out of 10, 40%) accounted for the country to have the highest number of top 10 most cited articles with the USA (5588 out of 16,395 citations, 34.1%) having the greatest number of citations. Lastly, our analysis reported an annual growth rate of 6.9% for the number of papers produced by year. This is the first bibliometric analysis to study the top 10 most cited articles with regard to neurocytomas. A shift from histopathologic and clinical symptoms towards the treatment and management of the tumor was observed in our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaman Durrani
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sameer Saleem Tebha
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Karim Rizwan Nathani
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Jeremiah Harrison
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Usama A Aljameey
- DeBusk School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Ryan Jarrah
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ali Shoushtari
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mohamad Bydon
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA.
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Zhang L, Fu W, Zheng L, Song F, Chen Y, Jiang C, Xing Z, Hu C, Ye Y, Zhang S, Yan X, Wang X. A Clinicopathological and Molecular Analysis of Sellar/Suprasellar Neurocytoma Mimicking Pituitary Adenoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:861540. [PMID: 35663322 PMCID: PMC9157436 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.861540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, molecular genetic characteristics and prognosis of extraventricular neurocytoma located in the sellar/suprasellar region. METHODS Seven archived tumor samples derived from 4 patients with neurocytoma in the sellar/suprasellar region were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and retrospectively analyzed for clinical manifestations, imaging features, and histopathological features. Neuronal and pituitary biomarkers and molecular features were detected in these tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry and FISH or Sanger sequencing. The related literature was reviewed. RESULTS Three patients were female, while 1 was male, with an average age of 35.5 years (range: 27 to 45 years). The initial manifestations were mainly headache and blurred vision in both eyes. The first MRI examination showed marginally enhancing masses in the intrasellar or intra- to suprasellar region. The diagnosis of pituitary adenomas was based on imaging features. The levels of pituitary hormones were normal. Histologically, the tumor cells were arranged in a sheet-like, monotonous architecture and were uniform in size and shape with round to oval, exquisite and hyperchromatic nuclei, which densely packed close to one another and were separated only by a delicate neuropil background. There was no evident mitosis, necrosis or microvascular proliferation. The three cases of recurrent tumors were highly cellular and showed increased mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for syn, CR, CgA, and vasopressin and were focally positive for NeuN, TTF-1, NF, CK8, vimentin, and S100 proteins. Other markers, including IDH1, BRAF VE1, Olig-2, and EMA, were negative. Pituitary transcription factors and anterior pituitary hormones were negative. Molecular genetic testing showed that the tumor cells lacked IDH gene mutations, LOH of 1p/19q, MYCN amplification, and EGFR alteration. With a median follow-up of 74.5 months (range 23 to 137 months), 3 patients relapsed at 11, 50, and 118 months after the initial surgery. CONCLUSION The morphological features and immunophenotypes of neurocytoma in the sellar/suprasellar region are similar to those of classic central neurocytoma. The prognosis is relatively good. Gross-subtotal resection and atypical subtype may be related to tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Limei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fangling Song
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changzhen Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengcong Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Ye
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingfu Wang, ; Xiaorong Yan,
| | - Xingfu Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingfu Wang, ; Xiaorong Yan,
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Extraventricular neurocytomas: a systematic review of the literature in the pediatric population. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:2465-2474. [PMID: 34137942 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extraventricular neurocytomas (EVNs) are rare neuroepithelial neoplasms of the central nervous system that were first described in 1997. Most studies in patients with EVNs have incorporated mixed age groups. The tumor's clinical behavior specifically in children has not been explored in depth, while a detailed statistical analysis has never been performed in this age group. Hence, we performed a systematic review to address possible prognostic factors and the appropriate management in children with EVNs. Relevant studies were identified by searching the MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases. We included studies concerning patients 18 years of age or younger who were histologically diagnosed with EVNs. A total of 52 studies with 79 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was ~ 10 years with a male predilection (~ 2:1). Most of these tumors were located in the frontal (49%) lobe. We observed that gross total resection of the tumor was significantly lower in cases of atypical EVNs (p < 0.05). Additionally, atypical EVNs were associated with worse overall survival compared to typical EVNs (p = 0.05). Children 4 years of age or under had a worst outcome (p = 0.001). The patient's sex and the extent of the tumor's resection did not appear to affect the prognosis in a statistically significant manner. Contrary to the results of previous studies, the use of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy for the treatment of EVNs was not associated with better outcomes in the pediatric population. Thus, a less aggressive management of children with EVNs compared to the adult population is suggested.
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Konovalov A, Maryashev S, Pitskhelauri D, Siomin V, Golanov A, Dalechina A. The last decade's experience of management of central neurocytomas: Treatment strategies and new options. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:336. [PMID: 34345477 PMCID: PMC8326110 DOI: 10.25259/sni_764_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the presented work is to evaluate the last decade’s experience in surgical management of central neurocytoma (CN) and elucidate on the treatment strategies and new options. Methods: The current series consists of the remaining 125 patients (70 females and 55 males) operated on during the past decade from 2008 to 2018. Most tumors were resected through transcortical (n = 76, 61%), or transcallosal (n = 40, 32%) approaches. In 5 (4%) patients with predominantly posterior location of the tumor, non-dominant superior parietal lobule approach was utilized. Both approaches (transcortical + transcallosal) were used in 4 (3%) of cases. Seven consecutive patients with large CN underwent prophylactic intraventricular stenting to prevent hydrocephalus. Results: Gross total resection was achieved in 45 patients (36%), subtotal resection (STR) in 40 (32%) cases. After surgery, 63 (50%) patients had neurocognitive problems, including disorientation, attention deficit, global amnesia, short-term memory deficits, and perceptual motor and social cognition problems. A total of 26 patients (21%) had postoperative hemorrhage in the resection bed. Obstructive hydrocephalus was noted in 25 (20%) patients. The entrapment of the occipital and/or temporal horns was observed in seven cases. None of the seven patients with prophylactic intraventricular stents required shunting. Conclusion: Although high rates of gross total or STR can be expected, the mortality and morbidity remain significant even in the modern neurosurgical era. Prophylactic intraventricular stenting in patients with large posteriorly located tumors with hydrocephalus may prevent ventricular entrapment and shunting. The main risk factors for recurrence are presence of residual disease and Ki-67 index over 5%. Recurrent symptomatic tumors should be treated surgically, whereas asymptomatic progression can be managed with stereotactic radiosurgery. Both treatment modalities are associated with low risk of complications and high tumor control rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Konovalov
- Department of Neurosurgery, N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Maryashev
- Department of Neurosurgery, N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - David Pitskhelauri
- Department of Neurosurgery, N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Siomin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baptist Hospital of Miami, Miami Neuroscience Institute, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Andrey Golanov
- Department of Radiation therapy and Radiosurgery, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalechina
- Gamma Knife Center, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
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Pawar D, Chatterjee A, Epari S, Sahay A, Janu A, Krishnatry R, Goda JS, Shetty P, Moiyadi A, Gupta T. Clinico-radiological characteristics, histo-pathological features and long-term survival outcomes in central neurocytoma: A single-institutional audit. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 84:91-96. [PMID: 33358093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Central neurocytoma is a rare benign brain tumor that typically arises from the subependymal lining of the lateral ventricles in young adults and is generally associated with excellent survival following neurosurgical excision alone. This is a retrospective clinical audit of biopsy-proven neurocytoma registered between 2004 and 2019 at a single institution in India. All time-to event outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Any p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 66 patients with neurocytoma were included in the descriptive analysis. Median age of study cohort was 31 years with equitable gender ratio. Majority (83%) of tumors were intraventricular, lateral ventricle being the commonest location. Following maximal safe resection, patients were generally kept on close clinico-radiological surveillance. Most patients (80%) had typical World Health Organization (WHO) grade II neurocytoma with remaining 20% showing histological atypia and/or high-grade features. Outcome analysis was restricted to 35 patients with relevant treatment details and adequate follow-up information. Six patients experienced recurrent/progressive disease with 2 documented deaths. At a median follow up of 52 months, 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free survival and overall survival were 93.3% and 96.8% respectively. Three patients developed delayed recurrence (>5-years after initial diagnosis) underscoring the importance of long-term follow-up. Atypical/high-grade histology was associated with inferior survival that may stand to benefit with upfront adjuvant radiotherapy. This represents the largest single-institution series of central neurocytoma and demonstrates excellent outcomes with adequate surgical resection alone, reserving radiotherapy for large residual tumor, recurrent disease, and/or atypical high-grade histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Pawar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC)/Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC)/Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC)/Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Ayushi Sahay
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC)/Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Janu
- Department of Radio-diagnosis and, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC)/Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Krishnatry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC)/Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Jayant Sastri Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC)/Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash Shetty
- Department of Neuro-surgical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC)/Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Aliasgar Moiyadi
- Department of Neuro-surgical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC)/Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Tejpal Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC)/Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
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AbdelBari Mattar M, Shebl AM, Toson EA. Atypical Central Neurocytoma: An Investigation of Prognostic Factors. World Neurosurg 2020; 146:e184-e193. [PMID: 33091649 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Central neurocytoma is a rare nervous tissue benign neoplasm. A subset of central neurocytoma has unfamiliar aggressive tendency: so-called atypical central neurocytoma (ACN). This retrospective study aims to analyze the prognostic factors and the impact of various therapy tools on atypical central neurocytoma. METHODS Twenty-two patients diagnosed with ACN between January 2009 and March 2018 were included. Data collected included the patient's age, gender, tumor location, presenting symptoms, and treatment received. Patients were followed up to detect recurrence and to assess survival. RESULTS Median overall survival was 57 months, with a 5-year survival of 35%. Better survival was observed for patients <35 years old (66 vs. 47 months; P = 0.061) and patients with gross total resection over subtotal resection or biopsy (76, 45, and 22 months, respectively; P < 0.0001). Patients with a tumor located in the posterior half of the lateral ventricle had better survival, with no statistical significance (P = 0.053). Multivariate analysis showed prognostic significance with the extent of resection (P = 0.000). Progression-free survival ranged from 6 to 82 months, with a median value of 38 months and showed a significant relation with subtotal resection compared with biopsy (P = 0.006). Recurrence was less in patients who received radiotherapy and was statistically significant (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Long-term survival is possible for patients with atypical central neurocytomas treated with surgery and postoperative radiation. Multivariate analysis confirmed that gross total resection was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Adjuvant radiotherapy reduces tumor recurrence, especially after incomplete surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdelhadi M Shebl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman A Toson
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Gatto L, Franceschi E, Nunno VD, Tomasello C, Bartolini S, Brandes AA. Glioneuronal tumors: clinicopathological findings and treatment options. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glioneuronal tumors are very rare CNS neoplasms that demonstrate neuronal differentiation, composed of mixed glial and neuronal cells. The majority of these lesions are low grade and their correct classification is crucial in order to avoid misidentification as ‘ordinary’ gliomas and prevent inappropriate aggressive treatment; nevertheless, precise diagnosis is a challenge due to phenotypic overlap across different histologic subtype. Surgery is the standard of therapeutic approach; literature concerning the benefit of adjuvant treatments is inconclusive and a globally accepted treatment of recurrence does not exist. Targetable mutations in the genes BRAF and FGFR1/2 are recurrently found in these tumors and could take a promising role in future treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gatto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL/IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL/IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Nunno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL/IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Tomasello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL/IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba Ariela Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL/IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
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Romano N, Federici M, Castaldi A. Imaging of extraventricular neurocytoma: a systematic literature review. Radiol Med 2020; 125:961-970. [PMID: 32335813 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) was firstly described in 1997. The current literature regarding imaging of EVN is limited to sporadic case reports and case series. EVN is still poorly considered in the differential diagnosis by neuroradiologists, thus diagnosis remains challenging. In this systematic review, we summarize and discuss computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of EVN cases described in the literature, in order to provide useful informations to neuroradiologists. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most extensive review about imaging of EVN. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature about imaging of EVN cases was done. Only case reports or case series in which imaging (CT and/or MRI) features were deeply described were included in the revision. Eligibility of studies was assessed independently by two authors and any disagreements resolved by discussion. RESULTS Our search strategy revealed 224 articles. After implementation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 studies were considered, and a total of 79 cases of EVN were analyzed. CONCLUSION EVN has not specific characteristics, with a large and variable imaging spectrum. Usually it appears as a large tumor, with diameters superior to 40 mm, frequently involving the frontal lobe. CT density and MRI signal intensity typically mirror the presence of cystic, solid, or calcified elements; contrast enhancement is visible in 87% of cases. Today, diagnosis of EVN with only imaging techniques is not univocal; neuroradiologists can only suspect this type of lesion, while the definitive diagnosis remains histological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Romano
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16028, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Margherita Federici
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16028, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Castaldi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16028, Genoa, Italy
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Konovalov AN, Maryashev SA, Pitskhelauri DI, Lubnin AY. [Central neurocytomas: surgical treatment outcomes and new trends and approaches in the treatment]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEĬROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2020; 83:6-20. [PMID: 32031164 DOI: 10.17116/neiro2019830616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Central neurocytomas of the brain are rare benign tumors of the cerebral lateral ventricles. The main treatment for them is surgical resection. Resection provides a long-term relapse-free period, but surgical intervention is associated with a number of significant difficulties due to the location, size, and blood supply features of these tumors. The postoperative period is often accompanied by hemorrhagic complications, impaired cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and worsening of neurological symptoms. PURPOSE The study purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment in neurocytoma patients, assess the risk of complications after neurocytoma resection, and develop techniques for their prevention. MATERIAL AND METHODS The paper presents surgical treatment outcomes in 115 patients with central neurocytomas for the period from 2008 to 2017. The choice of a surgical approach and the surgical features are described in detail, and the radicality is assessed with allowance for the location and size of tumors. The immediate clinical outcomes of treatment are evaluated, complications are analyzed, and methods for prevention and treatment of complications are described. RESULTS Analysis of the data revealed that the tumor was resected totally in 41 (36%) patients, subtotally - in 37 (32%), and partially in 37 (32%). The most common and dangerous complications were as follows: CSF circulation occlusion with the development of hydrocephalus in 23 (20%) patients; hemorrhage into the residual tumor, which required immediate revision of the surgical wound in most cases, in 25 (22%) patients. In the early postoperative period after tumor resection, almost all patients developed deterioration of condition with transient worsening of cerebral and focal symptoms. The degree and duration of this worsening were different. In 50% of cases, the postoperative condition was characterized by reduced voluntary activity, drowsiness or jitteriness, and motor or speech anxiety. CONCLUSION We consider resection of neurocytomas as the main treatment option, despite the potential complications and effects of the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Yu Lubnin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Zhang A, Brown DF, Colpan EM. Mesial temporal extraventricular neurocytoma (mtEVN): A case report and literature review. EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR CASE REPORTS 2018; 11:26-30. [PMID: 30603610 PMCID: PMC6310741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim We describe a case of mesial temporal extraventricular neurocytoma (mtEVN) in a 23-year-old male presenting with drug-resistant seizures and review the literature on this rare tumor. Methods A PubMed search was queried using the MeSH term "neurocytoma" and key search terms "extraventricular", "temporal", and "epilepsy". Titles and abstracts were screened for temporal neurocytomas. References were reviewed to identify further studies. Results Twenty case reports were selected comparing the presentation, radiological, histopathological, and surgical outcomes of neocortex temporal EVNs (ntEVN) and mtEVNs. Conclusion Gross total resection of mtEVNs under intraoperative electrocorticography monitoring typically affords an excellent prognosis and successful seizure control.
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Key Words
- ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient
- Case review
- ECoG, intraoperative electrocorticography
- EEG, electroencephalogram
- EVN, extraventricular neurocytoma
- Epilepsy
- Extraventricular neurocytoma
- FIAS, focal impaired awareness seizure
- Focal impaired awareness seizure
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- GTR, gross total resection
- MAP-2, microtubule associated protein 2
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NeuN, neuronal nuclei
- PLEDS, periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges
- STR, subtotal resection
- Surgical oncology
- Temporal lobe tumors
- mtEVN, mesial temporal extraventricular neurocytoma
- ntEVN, neocortical temporal extraventricular neurocytoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Zhang
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 41, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America.,Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lehigh Valley Health Network, 1250 S Cedar Crest Blvd, Suite 400, Allentown, PA 18103, United States of America
| | - Daniel F Brown
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, P.O. Box 689, Cedar Crest & I-78, Allentown, PA 18105, United States of America.,Health Network Laboratories, 1200 S. Cedar Crest Blvd., Allentown, PA 18078, United States of America
| | - Efkan M Colpan
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lehigh Valley Health Network, 1250 S Cedar Crest Blvd, Suite 400, Allentown, PA 18103, United States of America
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12
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Sievers P, Stichel D, Schrimpf D, Sahm F, Koelsche C, Reuss DE, Wefers AK, Reinhardt A, Huang K, Ebrahimi A, Hou Y, Pajtler KW, Pfister SM, Hasselblatt M, Stummer W, Schick U, Hartmann C, Hagel C, Staszewski O, Reifenberger G, Beschorner R, Coras R, Keyvani K, Kohlhof P, Diomedi-Camassei F, Herold-Mende C, Giangaspero F, Rushing E, Giannini C, Korshunov A, Jones DTW, von Deimling A. FGFR1:TACC1 fusion is a frequent event in molecularly defined extraventricular neurocytoma. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:293-302. [PMID: 29978331 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) is a rare primary brain tumor occurring in brain parenchyma outside the ventricular system. Histopathological characteristics resemble those of central neurocytoma but exhibit a wider morphologic spectrum. Accurate diagnosis of these histologically heterogeneous tumors is often challenging because of the overlapping morphological features and the lack of defining molecular markers. Here, we explored the molecular landscape of 40 tumors diagnosed histologically as EVN by investigating copy number profiles and DNA methylation array data. DNA methylation profiles were compared with those of relevant differential diagnoses of EVN and with a broader spectrum of diverse brain tumor entities. Based on this, our tumor cohort segregated into different groups. While a large fraction (n = 22) formed a separate epigenetic group clearly distinct from established DNA methylation profiles of other entities, a subset (n = 14) of histologically diagnosed EVN grouped with clusters of other defined entities. Three cases formed a small group close to but separated from the epigenetically distinct EVN cases, and one sample clustered with non-neoplastic brain tissue. Four additional samples originally diagnosed otherwise were found to molecularly resemble EVN. Thus, our results highlight a distinct DNA methylation pattern for the majority of tumors diagnosed as EVN, but also indicate that approximately one third of morphological diagnoses of EVN epigenetically correspond to other brain tumor entities. Copy number analysis and confirmation through RNA sequencing revealed FGFR1-TACC1 fusion as a distinctive, recurrent feature within the EVN methylation group (60%), in addition to a small number of other FGFR rearrangements (13%). In conclusion, our data demonstrate a specific epigenetic signature of EVN suitable for characterization of these tumors as a molecularly distinct entity, and reveal a high frequency of potentially druggable FGFR pathway activation in this tumor group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Koelsche
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David E Reuss
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika K Wefers
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Reinhardt
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristin Huang
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Azadeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yanghao Hou
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uta Schick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clemenshospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Hagel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ori Staszewski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rudi Beschorner
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Rushing
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Jiang M, Long L, Zeng J, Meng W, Zee C. Imaging characteristics of cerebral extraventricular neurocytoma with pathological correlation. J Neurooncol 2018; 140:289-296. [PMID: 30062611 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) is an exceedingly rare tumor. In this study, we sought to characterize the imaging and pathological features of this uncommon tumor. METHODS Retrospective review of 18 patients (9 male; 9 female) with pathologically confirmed EVN treated at a single center between 2005 and 2017. RESULTS All patients had a solitary lesion. Sixteen lesions were found in hemispheres. The greatest tumor diameter ranged from 2.6 to 8 cm. The lesions were generally solid with cystic components; the solid portion appeared isodense or hyperdense on CT, isointense to hypointense on T1WI, and slightly hyperintense on T2WI. Heterogeneous hyperintensity interspersed with isointense or hypointense areas suggestive of hemorrhage, calcification or vascular flow voids were seen on T2WI. Heterogeneous enhancement was noted in 17 lesions; no enhancement was observed in one lesion. Cystic components were observed in 13 lesions; 9 of these showed characteristic perilesional cysts (9/13). Mild to moderate peritumoral edema (15/18), calcification (4/16), intratumoral hemorrhage (11/18) and vascular flow voids (10/16) were observed in some lesions. Pathologically, tumor cells showed round nucleus and fine neuropil matrix. Foci of calcification in the solid portion of the tumor were seen in five cases. Microcystic changes were observed in almost all cases. Some lesions exhibited positive staining for synaptophysin (Syn) (15/16) and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) (7/8). MIB-1 was determined for 10 patients; seven of these had an MIB-1 ≥ 3. These six patients experienced recurrence; four of them relapsed twice. CONCLUSIONS EVNs occur as single intracranial solid mass with cystic components (especially peripherally located cysts); solid portion exhibits slight hyperintensity or heterogeneous signal intensity. Mild to moderate peritumoral edema, calcification, intratumoral hemorrhage and vascular flow voids were characteristic features of extraventricular neurocytoma. Positive staining for synaptophysin and neuronal nuclei confirmed the diagnosis. A combination of atypical pathologic features and atypical radiologic features should be considered for prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muliang Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Liling Long
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Radiology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - ChiShing Zee
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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14
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Tan CL, Landi D, Fuchs H, McLendon RE. Novel case of recurrent intraventricular atypical central neurocytoma with prominent gangliogliomatous differentiation in a 10-year-old boy with 10 years of follow up. Neuropathology 2018; 38:542-548. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Char-Loo Tan
- Department of Pathology; National University Health System; Singapore Singapore
| | - Daniel Landi
- Department of Pediatrics; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Herbert Fuchs
- Department of Neurosurgery; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Roger E. McLendon
- Department of Pathology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina USA
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15
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Chen F, Jin R, Wu X, Dong Z, Chen D. Extraventricular Neurocytoma in the Left Frontal Lobe: A Case Report and Literature Review. World Neurosurg 2018; 112:178-181. [PMID: 29378347 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocytoma is a rare brain neoplasm of neuroepithelial origin that occurs predominantly in the ventricular system adjacent to the interventricular foramen and septum pellucidum. However, extraventricular neurocytoma is an extremely rare entity, with poor clinical, radiologic, and histopathological characterization. Here we report a case of an extraventricular parafalcine neurocytoma in the left frontal lobe. We also examine previously reported cases of extraventricular neurocytoma in an attempt to provide an up-to-date summary of the condition. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed with specific key terms, inclusion criteria, and exclusion criteria. Selected case studies and case series were then compared, and statistical analyses were performed where appropriate. We report a 59-year-old woman presenting with weakness in her right leg and urinary incontinence. Physical examination revealed muscle strength of grade 3/5 in the right lower extremity. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a parafalcine mass in the left frontal lobe, with perilesional edema; the cerebral falx and lateral ventricle were shifted due to the compression. Gross total resection was performed. RESULTS Histopathological examination revealed a neurocytoma. Immunohistochemical staining showed diffuse positivity for synaptophysin. MIB-1 staining for Ki-67 antibody showed a labeling index of 20%. No adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy was administered. Brain computed tomography performed at a 3-month follow-up showed no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSION Extraventricular neurocytoma occurring in the brain parenchyma is a very rare central nervous system tumor. Its clinical and radiologic manifestations are nonspecific. The diagnosis depends on histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Surgical resection should be the first-choice treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rihua Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinmin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zengping Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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16
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Piras M, Miele E, Di Giannatale A, Colafati GS, Diomedi-Camassei F, Vinci M, de Billy E, Mastronuzzi A, Carai A. Congenital Extra-Ventricular (Ganglio)Neurocytoma of the Brain Stem: A Case Report. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:108. [PMID: 29868519 PMCID: PMC5958410 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) is an extremely rare tumor of neuroglial origin with a tendency toward ganglionic or glial differentiation. In the 2016 World Health Organization Classification, EVN was classified as a grade II tumor and described as a neoplasm with good outcome. However, the presence of cellular atypia is an important unfavorable prognostic factor. Here, we describe the first case of a patient with a congenital EVN localized in the brainstem. After a sub-total resection, his disease rapidly progressed despite several chemotherapies, including molecular targeting approaches. He died 13 months after diagnosis. In conclusion, we report an atypical case of EVN presenting an extremely aggressive behavior, despite the absence of cellular atypia. The brainstem origin and the age of the patient may have represented two important prognostic factors for our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piras
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna S Colafati
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Vinci
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuel de Billy
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Neuro-oncology Unit, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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17
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Extraventricular neurocytoma located within the splenium of the corpus callosum. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Causil LD, Ames R, Puac P, Castillo M. Adult Brain Tumors and Pseudotumors: Interesting (Bizarre) Cases. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2017; 26:667-689. [PMID: 27712799 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Some brain tumors results are interesting due to their rarity at presentation and overwhelming imaging characteristics, posing a diagnostic challenge in the eyes of any experienced neuroradiologist. This article focuses on the most important features regarding epidemiology, location, clinical presentation, histopathology, and imaging findings of cases considered "bizarre." A review of the most recent literature dealing with these unusual tumors and pseudotumors is presented, highlighting key points related to the diagnosis, treatments, outcomes, and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro D Causil
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA.
| | - Romy Ames
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA
| | - Paulo Puac
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA
| | - Mauricio Castillo
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA
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19
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Xu L, Ouyang Z, Wang J, Liu Z, Fang J, Du J, He Y, Li G. A clinicopathologic study of extraventricular neurocytoma. J Neurooncol 2016; 132:75-82. [PMID: 27864704 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, extraventricular neurocytoma was classified as a separate entity among glioneuronal tumors. However, extraventricular neurocytoma is not fully understood and may be misdiagnosed. Here, we describe the clinical and pathological features, prognoses, and treatments of 13 extraventricular neurocytoma cases, and compare their immunophenotypes with those of oligodendroglioma, diffuse astrocytoma, and ependymoma. Six typical and 7 atypical cases comprised the 13 extraventricular neurocytoma cases. Histological features included oligodendroglioma-like perinuclear halo, neuropil-like matrix, ganglion or ganglioid cells, perivascular pseudorosettes, vessel hyalinization, calcifications, and myxoid degeneration. Atypical histological features included increased mitotic figures, focal necrosis, endothelial cell proliferation, and/or a Ki-67 index of >2%. All lesions expressed synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein-2, which distinguished them from other similar tumors. Two patients with atypical extraventricular neurocytoma had tumor recurrence, one of whom had cerebrospinal fluid dissemination, suggesting that atypical histological features might represent adverse prognostic factors. In conclusion, the present study identified morphological and immunohistochemical features that would aid the differential diagnosis of extraventricular neurocytoma. In addition, radiotherapy with subtotal resection could be considered an effective treatment for extraventricular neurocytoma, but because a pediatric patient died of intracranial hemorrhage during radiotherapy, radiotherapy-related side effects should be considered, especially when treating children. Additional cases with long-term follow-up are needed to develop optimal management protocols for extraventricular neurocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhaolian Ouyang
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingyi Fang
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanjiao He
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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20
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Lee SJ, Bui TT, Chen CHJ, Lagman C, Chung LK, Sidhu S, Seo DJ, Yong WH, Siegal TL, Kim M, Yang I. Central Neurocytoma: A Review of Clinical Management and Histopathologic Features. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2016; 4:49-57. [PMID: 27867912 PMCID: PMC5114192 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2016.4.2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Central neurocytoma (CN) is a rare, benign brain tumor often located in the lateral ventricles. CN may cause obstructive hydrocephalus and manifest as signs of increased intracranial pressure. The goal of treatment for CN is a gross total resection (GTR), which often yields excellent prognosis with a very high rate of tumor control and survival. Adjuvant radiosurgery and radiotherapy may be considered to improve tumor control when GTR cannot be achieved. Chemotherapy is also not considered a primary treatment, but has been used as a salvage therapy. The radiological features of CN are indistinguishable from those of other brain tumors; therefore, many histological markers, such as synaptophysin, can be very useful for diagnosing CNs. Furthermore, the MIB-1 Labeling Index seems to be correlated with the prognosis of CN. We also discuss oncogenes associated with these elusive tumors. Further studies may improve our ability to accurately diagnose CNs and to design the optimal treatment regimens for patients with CNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung J Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy T Bui
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Hao Jacky Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlito Lagman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lawrance K Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sabrin Sidhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David J Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Todd L Siegal
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Rusiecki D, Lach B, Manoranjan B, Fleming A, Ajani O, Singh SK. Progression of atypical extraventricular neurocytoma to anaplastic ganglioglioma. Hum Pathol 2016; 59:125-130. [PMID: 27597523 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a childhood case of thalamic atypical extraventricular neurocytoma that progressed to highly anaplastic ganglioglioma after 8 years of dormancy after subtotal resection and chemotherapy. The neurocytoma displayed immunoreactivity only for synaptophysin, β-catenin, S100, and CD56. The ganglioglioma acquired strong immunoreactivity for chromogranin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, and p53 and showed a very high proliferation rate approaching 50% in some areas. Tumor transformation was associated with overexpression of components of the sonic hedgehog and Wnt developmental signaling pathways, which are known to regulate tumor-initiating cells in malignant brain neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rusiecki
- School of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8.
| | - Boleslaw Lach
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8.
| | - Branavan Manoranjan
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8.
| | - Adam Fleming
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8
| | - Olufemi Ajani
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8.
| | - Sheila K Singh
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S-4L8.
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22
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Wu C, Yen YS, Ho DM, Guo W. Primary Neurocytoma in the Spinal Cord. Neuroradiol J 2016; 19:672-8. [DOI: 10.1177/197140090601900519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Central neurocytoma is defined as an intraventricular benign brain tumor. Extra-ventricular location of central neurocytoma is rare: only nine cases of spinal neurocytoma had been reported in the English literature. We hereby present a case of atypical neurocytoma involving unusual long segments (8-segment) of cervico-thoracic spinal cord in a 29-year-old woman with emphasis on pre- and post-surgical neuroimaging, pathological correlation, and review the pertinent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinchun Wu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Yen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Donald M Ho
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wanyuo Guo
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
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Central Versus Extraventricular Neurocytoma in Children: A Clinicopathologic Comparison and Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 38:479-85. [PMID: 27438020 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central neurocytomas (CN) are rare pediatric CNS tumors most often with a benign clinical course. Occasionally, these tumors occur outside the ventricles and are called extraventricular neurocytomas (EVN). We present a retrospective institutional analysis of children with neurocytoma with prolonged follow-up. PROCEDURE Twelve patients were diagnosed with neurocytoma at our institution between 1993 and 2004. RESULTS Six patients were male and the median age at diagnosis was 12 years (1.5 to 16 y). Seven patients had CN and 5 had EVN. Presenting symptoms included headaches (67%), vomiting (50%), nausea (33%), seizures (33%), and mental status changes (25%). Obstructive hydrocephalus was present at diagnosis in 42% of the cases. Younger age and seizures were more common in patients with EVN. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 42% (5/12) of the patients. Patients with GTR received no adjuvant therapy upfront; 1 patient subsequently had recurrence with leptomeningeal disease. Patients with subtotal resection received additional treatment: 1 underwent reoperation (GTR), 2 patients received focal radiation, 2 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 2 patients received craniospinal irradiation followed by chemotherapy. The 20-year overall survival for this cohort was 83% with event free survival of 56%. Overall survival for CNs was 100%, versus 40% for EVN. Event free survival for CNs was 57% and 53% for the EVNs. An MIB-1 fraction >2% was associated with worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Neurocytomas are rare brain tumors in children usually cured with GTR. Adjuvant focal radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy may improve disease control in cases with subtotal resection, but case-by-case analysis should be done. EVNs might be associated with worse outcome due to a higher proliferative index.
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24
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Ji YC, Hu JX, Li Y, Yan PX, Zuo HC. Extraventricular neurocytoma in the left temporal lobe: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3579-3582. [PMID: 27313678 PMCID: PMC4888045 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Central neurocytoma (CNC) often develops in the ventricular system adjacent to the interventricular foramen and septum pellucidum. According to the World Health Organization, CNCs are classified as grade II tumors, and in recent years it has been reported that CNCs have occasionally occurred in rare areas of the central nervous system. The current study describes a rare case of CNC located in the left temporal lobe of a 49-year-old man, who had been experiencing headaches for 3 weeks. Computed tomography identified a round, well-demarcated, 3.3-cm tumor in the left temporal lobe. The patient underwent surgery and the tumor was totally resected. Histological analysis demonstrated that the resected tumor tissue contained clusters of small cells with regular nuclear morphology, and round nuclei with fine chromatin. Immunohistochemically, neuronal differentiation markers, including synaptophysin and neuronal nuclear antigen, were expressed in the tumor cells. Histopathological examination of the resected tissue confirmed a diagnosis of extraventricular neurocytoma. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3 months post-surgery and demonstrated no evidence of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing 100040, P.R. China; Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xia Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing 100040, P.R. China; Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Cong Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing 100040, P.R. China; Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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Abstract
This article presents an overview of spinal neurocytomas. A rare manifestation of an uncommon tumor, extraventricular neurocytomas (EVNs) should be included in the differential for spinal intradural and intramedullary tumors. Spinal EVNs are generally benign with an indolent pathologic course but may display a variety of acute or chronic clinical behaviors, depending on their anatomic location. Only a handful of spinal EVNs have been described in the literature, often in the form of individual case reports or small case series. Discussion includes a review of the literature and an overview of the clinical, pathologic, and radiologic features of this rare tumor type, as well as the differential diagnosis, treatment options, and general prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1733 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Phipps Building Room 123, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Phipps Building Room 123, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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26
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Extraventricular Neurocytoma Treated With 177Lu DOTATATE PRRT Induction and Maintenance Therapies. Clin Nucl Med 2015; 40:234-6. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Messina R, Cefalo MG, Secco DE, Cappelletti S, Rebessi E, Carai A, Colafati GS, Diomedi Camassei F, Cacchione A, Marras CE, Mastronuzzi A. Behavioral disorders as unusual presentation of pediatric extraventricular neurocytoma: report on two cases and review of the literature. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:242. [PMID: 25524219 PMCID: PMC4276055 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-014-0242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extraventricular neurocytomas (EVNs) are rare parenchymal brain tumors, distinct from central neurocytomas that are typically located within the supratentorial ventricular system. Seizures and headache represent the most common symptoms of extraventricular neurocytomas in the cerebral hemisphere both in adult and pediatric population. CASE PRESENTATION We describe two cases of pediatric EVN with clinical onset characterized by behavioral and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorders. The association between behavioral/attention disorders in childhood and the presence of a frontal neurocytoma has never been described before. Furthermore, inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity are common among the neurobehavioral and developmental disorders in childhood. We reviewed 43 pediatric cases of extraventricular neurocytoma included in the PubMed database and their clinical presentation, and we never found this unusual relationship. CONCLUSION In childhood, the attention/hyperactivity disorders seem to be often over-diagnosed. When these deficits are more subtle and do not well-fit in a specific neurocognitive disorder, the clinicians should have a suspicion that they might mask the clinical features of a frontal lesion. This paper is focused on the clinical presentation of the extraventricular neurocytoma and the possible organic etiology of an attention and hyperactivity deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Messina
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Neurosurgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant' Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Giuseppina Cefalo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Domitilla Elena Secco
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Cappelletti
- Department of Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Erika Rebessi
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Neurosurgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant' Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Carai
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Neurosurgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant' Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Stefania Colafati
- Department of Radiology/Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant' Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Diomedi Camassei
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant' Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Cacchione
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Efisio Marras
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Neurosurgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant' Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
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Sinha N, Wooff J, Shankar JJS, Gorman P, Macaulay RJ. 48 year-old woman with right leg and arm numbness. Ganglioneurocytoma, WHO grade 2. Brain Pathol 2014; 25:109-10. [PMID: 25521181 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Namita Sinha
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
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Vajrala G, Jain PK, Surana S, Madigubba S, Immaneni SR, Panigrahi MK. Atypical Neurocytoma: Dilemma in diagnosis and management. Surg Neurol Int 2014; 5:183. [PMID: 25593767 PMCID: PMC4287918 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.147414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Central neurocytoma is an uncommon benign tumor of the central nervous system. A section of these tumors have unusual aggressiveness and are termed as “atypical central neurocytomas,” the definition of which is debated. Many studies in the available literature define them as tumors with elevated MIB-1 labeling index (MIB-1 LI) >2%, while some associate them with higher values of MIB-1 LI or those with histological atypical features. Newer parameters also have been identified and correlated with MIB-1 LI to differentiate atypical from benign neurocytoma cases. A recent analysis of the atypical neurocytoma cases with malignant behavior revealed their increased tendency of spread through the cerebrospinal fluid causing craniospinal axis dissemination. However, limited studies document the appropriate indications and usefulness of additional therapeutic modalities, such as upfront craniospinal irradiation (CSI) or adjuvant chemotherapy, in countering the aggressive behavior of such tumors. Case Description: We present two such rare cases of atypical neurocytoma with elevated MIB-1 LI, of 3% and 4%, respectively, without histological atypia. Since there is insufficient evidence documenting advantages of any additional measures in the adjuvant management of atypical cases, both patients were treated with localized cranial radiotherapy alone, as per the evidence available in the literature currently. Conclusion: We propose that future studies must aptly redefine these atypical neurocytomas with malignant potential and provide guidance to identify aggressiveness of these tumors early in the course of management. Lastly, strong evidence to provide specific adjuvant therapy is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhar Vajrala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, (KIMS), Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush K Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, (KIMS), Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shitalkumar Surana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, (KIMS), Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sailaja Madigubba
- Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, (KIMS), Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Satish R Immaneni
- Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, (KIMS), Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Manas K Panigrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, (KIMS), Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract
The establishment and identification of central neurocytoma as a distinct disease entity are invaluable in catalyzing investigations of neuronal differentiation in central nervous system tumors. The discovery of neuronal differentiation in neuroepithelial tumors has been extended to extraventricular tumors and potentially to various glial tumors undergoing neuronal differentiation. Understanding the disease spectrum of neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors is important for deciphering the mechanism of gliomagenesis.
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31
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A comparative study of intraventricular central neurocytomas and extraventricular neurocytomas. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:521-9. [PMID: 25385573 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Similar histology and clinical behavior of both intraventricular central neurocytomas (CNs) and extraventricular neurocytomas (EVNs) may argue against the idea that EVNs were the distinct entity to distinguish from CNs in the 2007 World Health Organization classification. To explore respective characteristics and compare similarities and differences in CNs and EVNs, relevant clinical, radiological, operative and pathological data of 49 patients (35 CNs and 14 EVNs) in the Department of Neurosurgery at our hospital from 2005 to 2012 was reviewed and some comparisons between CNs and EVNs were conducted. The factors affecting posttreatment recurrence of CNs and EVNs were assessed by Cox regression analysis. In comparison, CNs showed a more typical clinical manifestation, and radiological and histopathological features, while EVNs demonstrated more malignant biological behavior, with higher MIB-1 index (p = 0.006), higher rate of atypia (p = 0.042), higher recurrence rate (p = 0.028), and shorter time to recurrence (p = 0.049). Subtotal resection was associated with higher rates of recurrence in both CNs (hazard ratio [HR] 6.16, p = 0.046) and EVNs (HR 5.26, p = 0.045), and atypia was also associated with a higher recurrence rate in CNs (HR 5.03, p = 0.042). CNs were thus easier to diagnose than EVNs, with typical clinical, radiological, and histopathological features, while the latter were more likely to show malignant biological behavior associated with atypia and recurrence. Total surgical resection is the optimal treatment choice for both CNs and EVNs, and patients with either CN or EVN with typical and/or totally resected lesions showed favorable clinical outcomes.
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32
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Extraventricular neurocytoma, a comprehensive review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156:349-54. [PMID: 24357019 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-013-1971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE Extra ventricular neurocytoms (EVN) are a rare parenchymal brain tumour distinct from central neurocytomas. This review attempts to analyze a series of seven cases of EVN from a single institute against the background of available literature. METHOD Retrospective analysis of the clinical manifestation, pathological features, imaging findings, microsurgical treatment effectiveness and progression free survival of seven cases of EVN operated between 2000-2012. RESULTS The study group included five females and two males in the age group 7-65 years (mean 30.71 yrs). The distribution of the lesion was as follows Lobar 4, Cerebellum 1, Pineal 1, spinal 1. The duration of clinical symptoms ranged from three months to seven years and the presentation was site and size specific. Cystic Changes (71 %), perilesional oedema (57 %) and heterogeneous contrast enhancement (85.7 %), and calcification (42 %) were a few distinct imaging characteristics. Increased perfusion correlated with atypical histology in two patients. Surgical resection remains the main management strategy for longer outcome and patients with STR + RT and GTR had comparable follow-up. Extremes of age and atypical histological features were adverse prognostic factors. CONCLUSION EVN are rare tumors with either glial or neuronal differentiation or a potential for atypical changes. Both, GTR and STR combined with RT, offer reasonably good outcome with overall comparable survival. The available literature of EVN is limited, larger series with long term follow-ups are needed to dictate the management protocol. The role of adjuvant therapy is still debatable and needs further validation.
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Kaloshi G, Alikaj V, Rroji A, Vreto G, Petrela M. Visual and auditory hallucinations revealing cerebellar extraventricular neurocytoma: uncommon presentation for uncommon tumor in uncommon location. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2013; 35:680.e1-3. [PMID: 24199787 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visual and auditory hallucinations in relation to a cerebellar tumor are rarely reported in children. Primary origin of extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) in the cerebellum is very rare. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We report on a case of a cerebellar EVN in a 13-year-old girl with the initial symptoms of psychiatric manifestations for more than 2 months. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a patchy enhanced tumor in the paramedian left cerebellar region. No obstructive hydrocephalus was noted. INTERVENTION Total surgical removal of the tumor was performed. The tumor was initially diagnosed as an oligodendroglioma. After special immunohistochemical studies, the final definitive diagnosis was an EVN without isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation. CONCLUSION EVNs located in the cerebellum are extremely rare. We discuss the clinical symptoms and histological-immunohistochemical features of this rare tumor in that rare location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentian Kaloshi
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Tirana, Albania.
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34
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Clinical Course of Central Neurocytoma with Malignant Transformation—An Indication for Craniospinal Irradiation. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 20:319-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Han L, Niu H, Wang J, Wan F, Shu K, Ke C, Lei T. Extraventricular neurocytoma in pediatric populations: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1397-1405. [PMID: 24179531 PMCID: PMC3813794 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraventricular neurocytomas (EVNs) are rare neuronal tumors included in the definition of neoplasms in the 2007 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system. Although a small case series of EVNs in adults has been previously reported, EVNs in pediatric populations are extremely rare. The current case report presents the clinicopathological features of an EVN in a 2-year-old female who presented with nausea and vomiting that had lasted for five days. In addition, an analysis of the imaging features, histology, treatment and prognosis of these reported rare lesions is presented. Immunohistochemically, EVNs are characterized by the robust expression of synaptophysin, but with a lack of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme isoform 1 (IDH1) R132/IDH2 R172 mutations and p53 immunoexpression. The treatment for EVNs in pediatric and adult populations is gross total resection, with post-operative radiation reserved for subtotal resection or recurrent disease. In addition, drop metastasis must be carefully avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Huang WY, Zhang BY, Geng DY, Zhang J. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance features of extraventricular neurocytoma: a study of eight cases. Clin Radiol 2013; 68:e206-12. [PMID: 23332437 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To present the neuroradiological and clinical findings of extraventricular (central) neurocytomas (EVNs) to increase awareness of this entity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The computed tomography (CT; n = 6), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 8), and clinical presentations of eight patients with pathologically documented EVN were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS Most tumours were well circumscribed and occurred in young adults. Six tumours were solid or solid-cystic, five of these showed contrast enhancement and three contained calcifications. Multiple small cysts were present in one solid mass and had a "soap bubble" or spongy appearance on MRI. Two other tumours were predominantly cystic; these demonstrated slight contrast enhancement, which contained calcifications. Of the six cases assessed using CT, three showed predominantly hyperdensity and three showed hypodensity, with a mean attenuation value of 75 HU. At MRI, eight masses were isointense (n = 4) or hypointense (n = 4) to grey matter on T1-weighted images and hyperintense (n = 6), isointense (n = 1), or hypointense (n = 1) on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Signal voids were visible in two cases. Four tumours had mild or moderate peritumoural oedema. CONCLUSION EVN is a rare neoplasm that can have significant overlap in imaging appearance with other primary brain neoplasms; therefore, it is difficult to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis. However, EVN should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a large cerebral parenchymal mass with cystic change and calcification is encountered in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Y Huang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ahmad F, Rosenblum MK, Chamyan G, Sandberg DI. Infiltrative brainstem and cerebellar neurocytoma. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2012; 10:418-22. [PMID: 22938078 DOI: 10.3171/2012.8.peds08286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neurocytomas are typically intraventricular in location, and extraventricular neurocytomas are uncommon. The authors report the unique case of a 15-year-old girl who was found to have a low-grade neurocytoma infiltrating the brainstem and cerebellum and spreading along the CSF pathways to the lateral and third ventricles. The patient underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy to treat associated hydrocephalus, and biopsy specimens from intraventricular tumor nodules were obtained. Because of the low-grade pathology, the fact that the lesion was not amenable to resection, and the extensive radiation field required for radiation therapy, she has been treated conservatively with close follow-up. Over the course of almost 4 years since diagnosis, no additional treatment has been required. Neurocytoma with widespread infiltration of the brainstem and cerebellum has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ahmad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Miami Children's Hospital, USA
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Camelo-Piragua S. Clear cell tumors of the central nervous system: a case-based review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2012; 136:915-26. [PMID: 22849741 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0216-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) encompass a variety of tumor subtypes that are challenging to diagnose given their similar morphologic features. Here, I use a case-based approach to review the clinicopathologic and radiologic features to help guide the general pathologist in the diagnosis of clear cell tumors of the CNS. First, the reader is invited to study 6 images of different CNS tumors with clear cell morphology. Then, each case is expanded in light of clinical and radiologic data and includes a histopathologic description of the tumor. A brief discussion follows with up-to-date diagnostic tools. Finally, I propose an immunohistochemical algorithm to navigate through the complex features that characterize clear cell tumors of the CNS. This review aims to provide a comprehensive approach to diagnosing clear cell neoplasms of the CNS based on improved assessment of the clinicopathologic and radiologic features of each entity.
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39
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Liu K, Wen G, Lv XF, Deng YJ, Deng YJ, Hou GQ, Zhang XL, Han LJ, Ding JL. MR imaging of cerebral extraventricular neurocytoma: a report of 9 cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:541-6. [PMID: 23042917 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extraventricular neurocytoma is a rare entity, most frequently occurring in brain parenchyma outside the ventricular system. The purpose of this study was to characterize the MR imaging findings in a series of 9 patients with EVN verified by results of pathologic examination. All 9 EVNs were solitary and intracranially located. Eight lesions were well demarcated, and 3 showed intratumoral hemorrhage. The solid parts of 7 tumors were primarily isointense on T1-weighted images and heterogeneously enhanced on T1WI with contrast. Although cerebral EVNs can present a wide spectrum of appearances on MR, the imaging patterns appear to vary according to anatomic location and cellularity. Lesions in frontal or parietal lobes often present as well-demarcated large masses with cystic degeneration, hemorrhage, mild-to-moderate edema, and inhomogeneous enhancement. Moreover, the general isointensity of the solid parts of EVN on T1WI may be of some specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Myung JK, Cho HJ, Park CK, Chung CK, Choi SH, Kim SK, Park SH. Clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of extraventricular neurocytomas. Neuropathology 2012; 33:111-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2012.01330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Marucci G, Di Oto E, Farnedi A, Panzacchi R, Ligorio C, Foschini MP. Nogo-A: a useful marker for the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma and for identifying 1p19q codeletion. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:374-80. [PMID: 21835431 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis between oligodendrogliomas and other gliomas remains a critical issue. The aim of this study is to verify the diagnostic value of Olig-2, Nogo-A, and synaptophysin and their role in identifying 1p19q codeletion. A total of 168 cases of brain tumors were studied: 24 oligodendrogliomas, 23 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 2 oligoastrocytomas, 2 anaplastic oligoastrocytomas, 30 glioblastoma multiforme, 2 diffuse astrocytomas, 4 anaplastic astrocytomas, 10 pilocytic astrocytomas, 9 ependymomas, 12 anaplastic ependymomas, 10 central neurocytomas, 10 meningiomas, 10 choroid plexus papillomas, 10 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, and 10 metastases. All cases were immunostained with Olig-2, Nogo-A, and synaptophysin. In 79 cases, the status of 1p/19q had already been assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Thus, in selected cases, fluorescence in situ hybridization was repeated in areas with numerous Nogo-A-positive neoplastic cells. Nogo-A was positive in 18 (75%) of 24 oligodendrogliomas, 8 (80%) of 10 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, 6 (20%) of 30 glioblastoma multiforme, and 2 (20%) of 10 pilocytic astrocytomas. Olig-2 stained 22 (91.6%) of 24 oligodendrogliomas and all dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors but also 24 (80%) of 30 glioblastoma multiforme and 8 (80%) of 10 pilocytic astrocytomas. Finally, synaptophysin stained 13 (54.1%) of 24 oligodendrogliomas, 3 (10%) of 30 glioblastoma multiforme, 1 (10%) of 10 pilocytic astrocytomas, and all neurocytomas. Among the 79 tested cases, original fluorescence in situ hybridization showed 1p/19q codeletion in 12 (52.2%) of 23 oligodendrogliomas, 8 (38%) of 21 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, and 1 (4%) of 25 glioblastoma multiforme. However, after carrying out the Nogo-A-driven fluorescence in situ hybridization, 1p/19q codeletion was observed in 8 additional cases. Nogo-A is more useful and specific than Olig-2 in differentiating oligodendrogliomas from other gliomas. Furthermore, using a Nogo-A-driven fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, it is possible to identify a larger number of 1p19q codeletions in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Marucci
- Section of Pathology M. Malpighi, Department of Haematology and Oncological Sciences L. and A. Seragnoli, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
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Sampson JH, Herndon JE, McLendon RE, Hasselblad V, Asher AL, McGirt MJ, Peterson ED. Editorial. J Neurosurg 2012; 116:346-8; discussion 348. [DOI: 10.3171/2011.5.jns11279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John H. Sampson
- Departments of Surgery,
- Pathology,
- Immunology, and
- Radiation Oncology,
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center
| | - James E. Herndon
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,
| | - Roger E. McLendon
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center
- Neuropathology and Surgical Pathology,
- Brain Tumor Center Tissue Bank, and
| | | | - Anthony L. Asher
- Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina; and
| | - Matthew J. McGirt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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A rare case of a pediatric extraventricular neurocytoma: case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2012; 28:321-6. [PMID: 22167266 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-011-1649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hawasli AH, Haydon DH, Dahiya S, Smyth MD. Pontine extraventricular neurocytoma in a child. Pediatr Neurosurg 2012; 48:319-23. [PMID: 23838270 DOI: 10.1159/000351576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extraventricular neurocytomas mimic central neurocytomas histologically but are located outside the lateral and/or third ventricles. Pontine neurocytomas represent an extremely rare subset of extraventricular neurocytomas, and reports are limited to 2 adults followed under 28 months. The authors present the case of a 14-year-old boy who initially underwent near-total resection of a pontine extraventricular neurocytoma. One-year postoperative surveillance imaging revealed a small, local recurrence treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. This case details the diagnosis and management of the first reported pontine extraventricular neurocytoma in a child with 4.5-year follow-up data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar H Hawasli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Deb P, Kinra P, Bhatoe HS. Intraoperative cytology of central neurocytoma mimicking oligodendroglioma. J Cytol 2011; 28:219-22. [PMID: 22090702 PMCID: PMC3214473 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.86357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Central neurocytomas (CNs) are uncommon tumors of the central nervous system. These tumors have a predilection for the lateral ventricles of young adults and are known to display characteristic neuroimaging and histomorphologic features. Typically, CNs are associated with a favorable outcome, although cases with more aggressive clinical course with recurrences are not unknown. Most descriptions of this tumor are available in the form of isolated histopathology-based case reports and small series. Cytology-based publications of CN are rare. Here, we report a case of CN in a 22-year-old girl. Intra-operative squash cytology and subsequent histopathology of the tumor simulated an oligodendroglioma and a clear cell ependydoma. Final confirmation was obtained on immunohistochemistry. This paper discusses the salient cytological, histomorphological and immunohistochemical features of CN that are useful in distinguishing from its mimickers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabal Deb
- Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
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Abstract
Multiple vascular patterns are presented in tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), including microvascular hyperplasia, branching capillaries, numerous capillaries without definite pattern, hyalinized vessels, and angiomatous area. These vascular patterns play important roles in pathological diagnosis of brain tumors. Because of insufficient recognition of the significance of the various vascular patterns, only a few of them have been applied in pathological diagnosis, leading to missed diagnosis and diagnostic errors. Microvascular hyperplasia can present in multiple brain tumors but display different diagnostic values. Otherwise, varied brain tumors characterized by branching capillaries or vascular pattern mimicking branching capillaries should be given careful consideration. Therefore, a familiarity of these tumors and their vascular pattern is essential for general pathologists. This study reviews the value of various kinds of vascular patterns for pathological diagnosis of brain tumors, constructs a framework for better understanding, and provides a novel perspective for general pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
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Kowalski RJ, Prayson RA, Lee JH. Skull base neurocytoma: case report and review of the literature of extraventricular neurocytomas. Skull Base 2011; 12:59-65. [PMID: 17167646 PMCID: PMC1656909 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-31567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare skull base neurocytoma. A 44-year-old female with a history of focal seizure and progressive right-sided weakness sought treatment at an outside institution, where she underwent total resection of a "left medial sphenoid wing paraganglioma" in 1984. In 1995 after experiencing intense left-sided headaches for 3 weeks, the patient presented to our institution. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large local recurrence. She had deficits dating to her initial surgery, including moderate right-sided hemiparesis, complete left ophthalmoplegia, and left facial numbness.The patient underwent a craniotomy with extensive removal of the involved sphenoid bone and a subtotal resection of the tumor. Neurocytoma was diagnosed based on strong immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin and no reactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Postoperatively, her headaches resolved completely and her neurologic status remained at baseline. The residual tumor was treated with radiation therapy. After 5 years, she remains clinically and radiographically stable.Although typically located adjacent to the foramen of Monro, neurocytomas have now been reported in almost every subcompartment of the craniospinal axis. Finding neurocytomas in extraventricular locations may require revisiting the current theory that subependymal progenitor cells are the cells of origin for these tumors.
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Gamma knife radiosurgery for cranial neurocytomas. J Neurooncol 2011; 105:647-57. [PMID: 21732073 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-knife surgery may be an effective alternative for treatment of central neurocytomas owing to its relative safety compared with conventional radiotherapy. In this paper we present results of gamma-knife treatment (GKS) of residual or recurrent neurocytomas. Twenty-two patients (14 female, 8 male) with recurrent or residual neurocytomas who underwent GKS were included. Diagnosis was based on histological findings. The proliferative potential of the tumors was examined by immunostaining with MIB-1 antibody, which is specific for detection of Ki-67 antigen. Tumor volume was determined by using post-gadolinium magnetic resonance images. After GKS treatment, MR imaging was scheduled at three-month intervals in the first year, at six months intervals in the second year, and yearly thereafter. Histopathological diagnoses were: 18 cases of central neurocytomas, two liponeurocytomas, one cerebral neurocytoma and one cerebellar neurocytoma. The MIB1 labeling index (LI) varied from 0 to 5.7%. Marked reduction in tumor volume was seen in 15 patients. In six patients, the tumor volume remained unchanged, and progression was observed for one patient. No complications because of GKS were noted. Shrinking effect on tumor volume increased with increasing duration of follow-up. On the other hand, high MIB labeling index did not seem to have an effect on tumor response to GKS treatment. Findings of this study suggest that GKS is an effective and safe treatment alternative for residual or recurrent neurocytomas. However, its effectiveness should be confirmed with larger studies.
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Extraventricular neurocytomas: a morphological and histogenetic consideration. A study of six cases. Pathology 2011; 43:327-34. [DOI: 10.1097/pat.0b013e3283463f97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Shidoh S, Yoshida K, Saitoh K, Kimura T, Hayashi Y, Kawase T. Extraaxial neurocytoma in the skull base. Brain Tumor Pathol 2011; 28:273-7. [PMID: 21562836 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-011-0035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Extraventricular neurocytoma is an uncommon neuronal tumor, located outside the cerebral ventricles, which shows histological features similar to those of central neurocytoma. Most extraventricular neurocytomas are situated in the intraaxial regions of the central nervous system. We report a rare case of an extraaxial neurocytoma in the sphenocavernous-petroclival region that was successfully treated by radiation therapy following partial removal and pathological evaluation of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoka Shidoh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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