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Czyz CM, Kunth PW, Gruber F, Kremslehner C, Hammers CM, Hundt JE. Requisite instruments for the establishment of three-dimensional epidermal human skin equivalents-A methods review. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1870-1883. [PMID: 37605856 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are three-dimensional skin organ culture models raised in vitro. This review gives an overview of common techniques for setting up HSEs. The HSE consists of an artificial dermis and epidermis. 3T3-J2 murine fibroblasts, purchased human fibroblasts or freshly isolated and cultured fibroblasts, together with other components, for example, collagen type I, are used to build the scaffold. Freshly isolated and cultured keratinocytes are seeded on top. It is possible to add other cell types, for example, melanocytes, to the HSE-depending on the research question. After several days and further steps, the 3D skin can be harvested. Additionally, we show possible markers and techniques for evaluation of artificial skin. Furthermore, we provide a comparison of HSEs to human skin organ culture, a model which employs human donor skin. We outline advantages and limitations of both models and discuss future perspectives in using HSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianna Marie Czyz
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Werner Kunth
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Gruber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Matthias Hammers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Jang HJ, Lee JB, Yoon JK. Advanced In Vitro Three-Dimensional Skin Models of Atopic Dermatitis. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:539-552. [PMID: 36995643 PMCID: PMC10313606 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory skin diseases that is characterized by eczematous rashes, intense itching, dry skin, and sensitive skin. Although AD significantly impacts the quality of life and the number of patients keeps increasing, its pathological mechanism is still unknown because of its complexity. The importance of developing new in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models has been underlined in order to understand the mechanisms for the development of therapeutics since the limitations of 2D models or animal models have been repeatedly reported. Thus, the new in vitro AD models should not only be created in 3D structure, but also reflect the pathological characteristics of AD, which are known to be associated with Th2-mediated inflammatory responses, epidermal barrier disruption, increased dermal T-cell infiltration, filaggrin down-regulation, or microbial imbalance. In this review, we introduce various types of in vitro skin models including 3D culture methods, skin-on-a-chips, and skin organoids, as well as their applications to AD modeling for drug screening and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Jang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Wood FM. The Role of Cell-Based Therapies in Acute Burn Wound Skin Repair: A Review. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:S42-S47. [PMID: 36567469 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering solutions for skin have been developed over the last few decades with a focus initially on a two-layered structure with epithelial and dermal repair. An essential element of skin restoration is a source of cells capable of differentiating into the appropriate phenotype. The need to repair areas of skin when traditional techniques were not adequate addressed led to cell based therapies being developed initially as a laboratory-based tissue expansion opportunity, both as sheets of cultured epithelial autograft and in composite laboratory-based skin substitutes. The time to availability of the cell-based therapies has been solved in a number of ways, from using allograft cell-based solutions to the use of point of care skin cell harvesting for immediate clinical use. More recently pluripotential cells have been explored providing a readily available source of cells and cells which can express the broad range of phenotypes seen in the mature skin construct. The lessons learnt from the use of cell based techniques has driven the exploration of the use of 3D printing technology, with controlled accurate placement of the cells within a specific printed construct to optimise the phenotypic expression and tissue generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Wood
- University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth Children's Hospital, Burns Service of WA, Level 4 Fiona Stanley Hospital, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch Western, Australia 6150
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4
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Ramos-Rodriguez DH, Pashneh-Tala S, Bains AK, Moorehead RD, Kassos N, Kelly AL, Paterson TE, Orozco-Diaz CA, Gill AA, Ortega Asencio I. Demonstrating the Potential of Using Bio-Based Sustainable Polyester Blends for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:163. [PMID: 35447723 PMCID: PMC9025038 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare applications are known to have a considerable environmental impact and the use of bio-based polymers has emerged as a powerful approach to reduce the carbon footprint in the sector. This research aims to explore the suitability of using a new sustainable polyester blend (Floreon™) as a scaffold directed to aid in musculoskeletal applications. Musculoskeletal problems arise from a wide range of diseases and injuries related to bones and joints. Specifically, bone injuries may result from trauma, cancer, or long-term infections and they are currently considered a major global problem in both developed and developing countries. In this work we have manufactured a series of 3D-printed constructs from a novel biopolymer blend using fused deposition modelling (FDM), and we have modified these materials using a bioceramic (wollastonite, 15% w/w). We have evaluated their performance in vitro using human dermal fibroblasts and rat mesenchymal stromal cells. The new sustainable blend is biocompatible, showing no differences in cell metabolic activity when compared to PLA controls for periods 1-18 days. FloreonTM blend has proven to be a promising material to be used in bone tissue regeneration as it shows an impact strength in the same range of that shown by native bone (just under 10 kJ/m2) and supports an improvement in osteogenic activity when modified with wollastonite.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Ramos-Rodriguez
- Mechanisms of Health and Disease, The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.H.R.-R.); (S.P.-T.); (A.K.B.)
- Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Samand Pashneh-Tala
- Mechanisms of Health and Disease, The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.H.R.-R.); (S.P.-T.); (A.K.B.)
- Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Amanpreet Kaur Bains
- Mechanisms of Health and Disease, The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.H.R.-R.); (S.P.-T.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Robert D. Moorehead
- The Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;
| | - Nikolaos Kassos
- Polymer IRC, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Sheffield BD7 1DP, UK; (N.K.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Adrian L. Kelly
- Polymer IRC, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Sheffield BD7 1DP, UK; (N.K.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Thomas E. Paterson
- Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;
| | - C. Amnael Orozco-Diaz
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK;
| | - Andrew A. Gill
- Floreon-Transforming Packaging Ltd., Aura Innovation Centre, Bridgehead Business Park, Meadow Rd., Hessle HU13 0GD, UK;
| | - Ilida Ortega Asencio
- Mechanisms of Health and Disease, The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.H.R.-R.); (S.P.-T.); (A.K.B.)
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5
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Dikici S, Aldemir Dikici B, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F. Decellularised extracellular matrix decorated PCL PolyHIPE scaffolds for enhanced cellular activity, integration and angiogenesis. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7297-7310. [PMID: 34617526 PMCID: PMC8547328 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing involves a complex series of events where cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play a key role. Wounding can be simple, such as the loss of the epithelial integrity, or deeper and more complex, reaching to subcutaneous tissues, including blood vessels, muscles and nerves. Rapid neovascularisation of the wounded area is crucial for wound healing as it has a key role in supplying oxygen and nutrients during the highly demanding proliferative phase and transmigration of inflammatory cells to the wound area. One approach to circumvent delayed neovascularisation is the exogenous use of pro-angiogenic factors, which is expensive, highly dose-dependent, and the delivery of them requires a very well-controlled system to avoid leaky, highly permeable and haemorrhagic blood vessel formation. In this study, we decorated polycaprolactone (PCL)-based polymerised high internal phase emulsion (PolyHIPE) scaffolds with fibroblast-derived ECM to assess fibroblast, endothelial cell and keratinocyte activity in vitro and angiogenesis in ex ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Our results showed that the inclusion of ECM in the scaffolds increased the metabolic activity of three types of cells that play a key role in wound healing and stimulated angiogenesis in ex ovo CAM assays over 7 days. Herein, we demonstrated that fibroblast-ECM functionalised PCL PolyHIPE scaffolds appear to have great potential to be used as an active wound dressing to promote angiogenesis and wound healing. Decellularisation of in vitro generated extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an effective way to stimulate angiogenesis and wound healing.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Betül Aldemir Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
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6
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Łuczaj W, Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. Analytical approaches to assess metabolic changes in psoriasis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114359. [PMID: 34509137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common human skin diseases, although its development is not limited to one tissue, but is associated with autoimmune reactions throughout the body. Overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors systemically stimulates the proliferation of skin cells, which manifests as excessive exfoliation of the epidermis, and/or arthritis, as well as other comorbidities such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and depression. Thus, there is a great need for a thorough analysis of the pathophysiology of psoriatic patients, including classical methods, such as spectrophotometry, chromatography, or Western blot, and also novel omics approaches such as lipidomics and proteomics. Moreover, the extensive pathophysiology forces increased research examining biological changes in both skin cells, and systemically. A wide range of techniques involved in lipidomic research based on a combination of mass spectrometry and different types of chromatography (RP-LC-QTOF-MS/MS, HILIC-QTOF-MS/MS or RP-LC-QTRAP-MS/MS), have allowed comprehensive assessment of lipid modification in psoriatic skin and provided new insight into the role of lipids and their mechanism of action in psoriasis. Moreover, proteomic analysis using gel-nanoLC-OrbiTrap-MS/MS, as well as MALDI-TOF/TOF techniques facilitates the description of panels of enzymes involved in lipidome modifications, and the response of the endocannabinoid system to metabolic changes. Psoriasis is known to alter the expression of proteins that are involved in the inflammatory and antioxidant response, as well as protein biosynthesis, degradation, as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis. Knowledge of changes in the lipidomic and proteomic profile will not only allow the understanding of psoriasis pathophysiology, but also facilitate proper and early diagnosis and effective pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Łuczaj
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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7
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Ramos-Rodriguez DH, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F, Ortega Asencio I. Delivery of Bioactive Compounds to Improve Skin Cell Responses on Microfabricated Electrospun Microenvironments. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:105. [PMID: 34436108 PMCID: PMC8389211 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8080105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of microtopographies within biomaterial devices is a promising approach that allows one to replicate to a degree the complex native environment in which human cells reside. Previously, our group showed that by combining electrospun fibers and additive manufacturing it is possible to replicate to an extent the stem cell microenvironment (rete ridges) located between the epidermal and dermal layers. Our group has also explored the use of novel proangiogenic compounds to improve the vascularization of skin constructs. Here, we combine our previous approaches to fabricate innovative polycaprolactone fibrous microtopographical scaffolds loaded with bioactive compounds (2-deoxy-D-ribose, 17β-estradiol, and aloe vera). Metabolic activity assay showed that microstructured scaffolds can be used to deliver bioactive agents and that the chemical relation between the working compound and the electrospinning solution is critical to replicate as much as possible the targeted morphologies. We also reported that human skin cell lines have a dose-dependent response to the bioactive compounds and that their inclusion has the potential to improve cell activity, induce blood vessel formation and alter the expression of relevant epithelial markers (collagen IV and integrin β1). In summary, we have developed fibrous matrixes containing synthetic rete-ridge-like structures that can deliver key bioactive compounds that can enhance skin regeneration and ultimately aid in the development of a complex wound healing device.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Ramos-Rodriguez
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Ilida Ortega Asencio
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
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8
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Ramos-Rodriguez DH, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F, Ortega Asencio I. Fabrication of Topographically Controlled Electrospun Scaffolds to Mimic the Stem Cell Microenvironment in the Dermal-Epidermal Junction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2803-2813. [PMID: 33905240 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of microfabrication techniques for the development of innovative constructs for tissue regeneration is a growing area of research. This area comprises both manufacturing and biological approaches for the development of smart materials aiming to control and direct cell behavior to enhance tissue healing. Many groups have focused their efforts on introducing complexity within these innovative constructs via the inclusion of nano- and microtopographical cues mimicking physical and biological aspects of the native stem cell niche. Specifically, in the area of skin tissue engineering, seminal work has reported replicating the microenvironments located in the dermal-epithelial junction, which are known as rete ridges. The rete ridges are key for both stem cell control and the physiological performance of the skin. In this work, we have introduced complexity within electrospun membranes to mimic the morphology of the rete ridges in the skin. We designed and tested three different patterns, characterized them, and explored their performance in vitro, using 3D skin models. One of the studied patterns (pattern B) was shown to aid in the development of an in vitro rite-ridgelike skin model that resulted in the expression of relevant epithelial markers such as collagen IV and integrin β1. In summary, we have developed a new skin model including synthetic rete-ridgelike structures that replicate both morphology and function of the native dermal-epidermal junction and that offer new insights for the development of smart skin tissue engineering constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Ramos-Rodriguez
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K
| | - Ilida Ortega Asencio
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
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9
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Evaluation of the Use of Nerve Allograft Preserved in Glycerol. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3514. [PMID: 33868872 PMCID: PMC8049391 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to evaluate the use of nerve allograft preserved in glycerol. We compared the efficiency of glycerol-preserved allografts with autogenous nerve grafting, cryopreserved grafts, and detergent-processed grafts in the axonal regeneration. Secondarily, we evaluated the effectiveness of each preservation method in maintaining the extracellular matrix free of cellular components. Methods: This was a prospective experimental, longitudinal, unblinded, nonrandomized, controlled animal model study. Three different allograft preservation techniques for the repair of sciatic nerve injuries were compared, including cold preservation, glycerol preservation, and detergent preservation. Functional assessment was performed, and histomorphometric analyses were further performed, which enabled the allograft structure evaluation and an estimation of the nerve regeneration efficacy based on the myelinated axons count and on their diameters. Results: After the 14th week, all groups were already balanced and similar (P = 0.265): all groups present near-zero SFIs, thus confirming their efficiency in promoting nerve regeneration. In the histomorphometric evaluations, all groups were equivalent, presenting a similar efficiency in nerve regeneration (P = 0.716 and P = 0.577, respectively). Similarly, histomorphometric evaluations showed a reduction in the number of axons and in their diameters, but none of them effectively eliminated all cellular debris. Comparing the groups with each other, the groups preserved in glycerol and detergent solution were similar, both presenting better results than the cooled group. Conclusion: By evaluating the presence of cell debris after the treatment using glycerol, it was found to be similar to the treatment using detergent and significantly better than the cold-preservation treatment.
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10
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Dikici S, Claeyssens F, MacNeil S. Bioengineering Vascular Networks to Study Angiogenesis and Vascularization of Physiologically Relevant Tissue Models in Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3513-3528. [PMID: 32582840 PMCID: PMC7304666 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis assays are essential for studying aspects of neovascularization and angiogenesis and investigating drugs that stimulate or inhibit angiogenesis. To date, there are several in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays that are used for studying different aspects of angiogenesis. Although in vivo assays are the most representative of native angiogenesis, they raise ethical questions, require considerable technical skills, and are expensive. In vitro assays are inexpensive and easier to perform, but the majority of them are only two-dimensional cell monolayers which lack the physiological relevance of three-dimensional structures. Thus, it is important to look for alternative platforms to study angiogenesis under more physiologically relevant conditions in vitro. Accordingly, in this study, we developed polymeric vascular networks to be used to study angiogenesis and vascularization of a 3D human skin model in vitro. Our results showed that this platform allowed the study of more than one aspect of angiogenesis, endothelial migration and tube formation, in vitro when combined with Matrigel. We successfully reconstructed a human skin model, as a representative of a physiologically relevant and complex structure, and assessed the suitability of the developed in vitro platform for studying endothelialization of the tissue-engineered skin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dikici
- Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
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11
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Moradi L, Mohammadi Jobania B, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Ghorbani F, Esmaeil-Pour R, Majidi Zolbina M, Kajbafzadeh AM. Evaluation of different sterilization methods for decellularized kidney tissue. Tissue Cell 2020; 66:101396. [PMID: 32933719 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to assess the effect of different sterilization treatment for sterilization of decellularized kidney tissue. Rabbit kidneys were decellularized by the perfusion-based method using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100. Then, decellularized kidney slices were prepared and sterilized by an antibiotic cocktail, PAA (0.5 %, 1% and 1.5 %), 5KG γ-irradiation and 320-480 nm UV-irradiation. Histological evaluations, DNA quantification assay, MTT assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical test and bacterial and fungal culture tests were performed to determine the quality of decellularization and sterilization processes. The kidney slices were seeded by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) to assess the cell adhesion capability after treatment. The results of the current study indicated that PAA 0.5 % was the most efficient method to completely decontaminate rabbit decellularized kidney tissue while preserving the mechanical properties and main components of the matrix which are necessary for cell-matrix interaction and cell adhesion. The 5KG γ-irradiation was determined to be the most destructive sterilization method, with reduced the mechanical strengths as well as altered microstructure of the kidney matrix and no cell adhesion. In addition, UV-irradiation is not able to sterile the decellularized tissues. Therefore PAA 0.5 % sterilization method can be a powerful means for sterilization of biological scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Moradi
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Mohammadi Jobania
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Jafarnezhad-Ansariha
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghorbani
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Esmaeil-Pour
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbina
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Simsek A, Aldamanhori R, Chapple CR, MacNeil S. Overcoming scarring in the urethra: Challenges for tissue engineering. Asian J Urol 2018; 5:69-77. [PMID: 29736368 PMCID: PMC5934514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urethral stricture disease is increasingly common occurring in about 1% of males over the age of 55. The stricture tissue is rich in myofibroblasts and multi-nucleated giant cells which are thought to be related to stricture formation and collagen synthesis. An increase in collagen is associated with the loss of the normal vasculature of the normal urethra. The actual incidence differs based on worldwide populations, geography, and income. The stricture aetiology, location, length and patient's age and comorbidity are important in deciding the course of treatment. In this review we aim to summarise the existing knowledge of the aetiology of urethral strictures, review current treatment regimens, and present the challenges of using tissue-engineered buccal mucosa (TEBM) to repair scarring of the urethra. In asking this question we are also mindful that recurrent fibrosis occurs in other tissues-how can we learn from these other pathologies?
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmuttalip Simsek
- Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Reem Aldamanhori
- Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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13
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Kirby GT, Michelmore A, Smith LE, Whittle JD, Short RD. Cell sheets in cell therapies. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:169-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Ojeh N, Akgül B, Tomic-Canic M, Philpott M, Navsaria H. In vitro skin models to study epithelial regeneration from the hair follicle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174389. [PMID: 28350869 PMCID: PMC5370106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of dermal equivalents (DEs) for the treatment of burns has contributed toward efficient wound closure. A collagen-glycosaminoglycan DE (C-GAG) grafted with hair follicles converted a full-thickness wound to partial-thickness resulting in complete wound closure and restored hair. In this study we compared the ability of both intact pilosebaceous units (PSU) or truncated hair follicles (THF) to regenerate a multilayered epidermis in vitro when implanted into de-epidermalized dermis (DED) or C-GAG with the epidermis generated in vivo using C-CAG. Keratinocytes explanted from the outer root sheath of PSU and THF in both DED and C-GAG but only formed a multilayered epidermis with PSU in DED. PSU were more effective at forming multilayered epidermis in DED than THF. Both DED and C-GAG skin expressed proliferation (PCNA), differentiation (K1, K10), hyperproliferation (K6, K16), basal (K14), putative stem cell (p63), extracellular matrix protein (Collagen IV), mesenchymal (vimentin) and adherens junction (β-catenin) markers. These data suggest DEs supported initial maintenance of the implanted hair follicles, in particular PSU, and provide an excellent model with which to investigate the regulation of hair follicle progenitor epithelial cells during epidermal regeneration. Although neither PSU nor THF formed multilayered epidermis in C-CAG in vitro, hair follicles implanted into engrafted C-GAG on a burns patient resulted in epithelial regeneration and expression of proliferation and differentiation markers in a similar manner to that seen in vitro. However, the failure of C-GAG to support epidermal regeneration in vitro suggests in vivo factors are essential for full epidermal regeneration using C-GAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkemcho Ojeh
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Bart’s & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Baki Akgül
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mike Philpott
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Bart’s & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harshad Navsaria
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Bart’s & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Abstract
There is substantial need for the replacement of tissues in the craniofacial complex due to congenital defects, disease, and injury. The field of tissue engineering, through the application of engineering and biological principles, has the potential to create functional replacements for damaged or pathologic tissues. Three main approaches to tissue engineering have been pursued: conduction, induction by bioactive factors, and cell transplantation. These approaches will be reviewed as they have been applied to key tissues in the craniofacial region. While many obstacles must still be overcome prior to the successful clinical restoration of tissues such as skeletal muscle and the salivary glands, significant progress has been achieved in the development of several tissue equivalents, including skin, bone, and cartilage. The combined technologies of gene therapy and drug delivery with cell transplantation will continue to increase treatment options for craniofacial cosmetic and functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2136, USA
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16
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Abstract
Early burn excision has reduced the mortality from major burns. This practice presents the problem of wound coverage after excision, since the availability of autologous donor sites is limited in very large burns. This article reviews the methods available for covering burn wounds. Methods of expanding autologous skin are discussed as well as techniques using allogeneic tissue and xenograft. Newer synthetic skin substitutes have become an important advance and are also described. Cultured skin replacements are also discussed along with their shortfalls. The treatment of a patient with major burns may require the use of many different skin substitutes, as none is entirely satisfactory on its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- DL Chester
- West Midlands Regional Burns Unit, Birmingham, UK,
| | - RPG Papini
- West Midlands Regional Burns Unit, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Harvey AC, Madsen J, Douglas CWI, MacNeil S, Armes SP. Antimicrobial Graft Copolymer Gels. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2710-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Harvey
- Department
of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
- Unit
of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield,
South Yorkshire, S10 2TA, United Kingdom
- The
Kroto Research Institute, Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire, S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - C. W. Ian Douglas
- Unit
of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield,
South Yorkshire, S10 2TA, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- The
Kroto Research Institute, Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire, S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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18
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Mrázová H, Koller J, Kubišová K, Fujeríková G, Klincová E, Babál P. Comparison of structural changes in skin and amnion tissue grafts for transplantation induced by gamma and electron beam irradiation for sterilization. Cell Tissue Bank 2015; 17:255-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-015-9536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Antoni D, Burckel H, Josset E, Noel G. Three-dimensional cell culture: a breakthrough in vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5517-27. [PMID: 25768338 PMCID: PMC4394490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture is an important tool for biological research. Two-dimensional cell culture has been used for some time now, but growing cells in flat layers on plastic surfaces does not accurately model the in vivo state. As compared to the two-dimensional case, the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture allows biological cells to grow or interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions thanks to an artificial environment. Cells grown in a 3D model have proven to be more physiologically relevant and showed improvements in several studies of biological mechanisms like: cell number monitoring, viability, morphology, proliferation, differentiation, response to stimuli, migration and invasion of tumor cells into surrounding tissues, angiogenesis stimulation and immune system evasion, drug metabolism, gene expression and protein synthesis, general cell function and in vivo relevance. 3D culture models succeed thanks to technological advances, including materials science, cell biology and bioreactor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Antoni
- Radiotherapy Department, Paul Strauss Cancer Center, 3, rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
- Radiobiology Laboratory, EA 3430, Strasbourg University, Paul Strauss Cancer Center, 3, rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Hélène Burckel
- Radiobiology Laboratory, EA 3430, Strasbourg University, Paul Strauss Cancer Center, 3, rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Elodie Josset
- Radiobiology Laboratory, EA 3430, Strasbourg University, Paul Strauss Cancer Center, 3, rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Georges Noel
- Radiotherapy Department, Paul Strauss Cancer Center, 3, rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
- Radiobiology Laboratory, EA 3430, Strasbourg University, Paul Strauss Cancer Center, 3, rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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20
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Shahrokhi S, Arno A, Jeschke MG. The use of dermal substitutes in burn surgery: acute phase. Wound Repair Regen 2014; 22:14-22. [PMID: 24393152 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Major burns represent a challenge in autologous skin coverage and may lead to severe functional and cosmetic sequelae. Dermal substitutes are increasingly becoming an essential part of burn care during the acute phase of treatment. In the long term dermal substitutes improve functional and cosmetic results and thus enhance quality of life. In the chronic wound setting, dermal substitutes are used to reconstruct and improve burn scars and defects. Despite the potential of dermal substitutes, further research is required to strengthen scientific evidence regarding their effects and also to develop new technologies and products. Furthermore, dermal substitutes have a pivotal role in future research strategies as they have the potential to provide adequate scaffold for stem cells, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine with conceivable application of obtaining long-lasting and scarless artificial skin. This review discusses the status quo of dermal substitutes and novel strategies in the use of dermal substitutes with a focus on burn care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Shahrokhi
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Structural changes of skin and amnion grafts for transplantation purposes following different doses of irradiation. Cell Tissue Bank 2013; 15:429-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-013-9407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Ojeh NO, Navsaria HA. An in vitro skin model to study the effect of mesenchymal stem cells in wound healing and epidermal regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2785-92. [PMID: 24115470 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of new wound therapies, such as bioengineered skin equivalents, is an ongoing process. Multi-potent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to many tissue lineages and have been implicated in wound healing making them a potential candidate for cell-based bioengineered products for injured tissue. In this study, we investigated the mesenchymal/epithelial interactions of cultured MSCs in comparison to cultured fibroblasts on epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression using a de-epidermalized dermis (DED) skin model. We also studied whether MSCs can transdifferentiate to keratinocytes using the same model. Keratinocytes were cultured on unseeded DED or DED populated with fibroblasts or MSCs at an air-liquid interface to induce epidermal differentiation. Fibroblasts or MSCs were also seeded on the papillary surface of the DED alone or on the reticular surface. General histology and immunostaining was performed on the skin equivalents to examine the expression of pan keratin (K) (K1, K5, K6, and K18) and protein markers for epidermal differentiation (K10), hyperproliferation (K6), proliferation (PCNA), ECM component (collagen type IV), and mesenchymal marker (vimentin). Keratinocyte-fibroblast skin model and keratinocyte-MSC skin model both displayed an epidermal phenotype similar to epidermis in vivo. Positive expression of proliferation, differentiation and ECM protein markers was observed. MSCs failed to adopt an epithelial phenotype in the DED skin model. Our findings highlight the potential use of MSCs in bioengineered tissue for the treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkemcho O Ojeh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, P.O. Box 64, Bridgetown, BB, 11000, Barbados
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23
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The use of allodermis prepared from Euro skin bank to prepare autologous tissue engineered skin for clinical use. Burns 2013; 39:1170-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Huang Q, Ingham E, Rooney P, Kearney JN. Production of a sterilised decellularised tendon allograft for clinical use. Cell Tissue Bank 2013; 14:645-54. [PMID: 23443409 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-013-9366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of a high-level decontamination or sterilisation procedure and cell removal technique to tendon allograft can reduce the concerns of disease transmission, immune reaction, and may improve remodelling of the graft after implantation. The decellularised matrix can also be used as a matrix for tendon tissue engineering. One such sterilisation factor, Peracetic acid (PAA) has the advantage of not producing harmful reaction residues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PAA treatment and a cell removal procedure on the production of tendon matrix. Human patellar tendons, thawed from frozen were treated respectively as: Group 1, control with no treatment; Group 2, sterilised with PAA (0.1 % (w/v) PAA for 3 h) Group 3, decellularised (incubation successively in hypotonic buffer, 0.1 % (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulphate, and a nuclease solution); Group 4, decellularised and PAA sterilised. Histological analysis showed that no cells were visible after the decellularisation treatment. The integrity of tendon structure was maintained after decellularisation and PAA sterilisation, however, the collagen waveform was slightly loosened. No contact cytotoxicity was found in any of the groups. Determination of de-natured collagen showed no significant increase when compared with the control. This suggested that the decellularisation and sterilisation processing procedures did not compromise the major properties of the tendon. The sterilised, decellularised tendon could be suitable for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Huang
- Tissue Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Estuary Banks, Speke, Liverpool, L24 8RB, UK
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25
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26
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McGinley E, Moran G, Fleming G. Base-metal dental casting alloy biocompatibility assessment using a human-derived three-dimensional oral mucosal model. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:432-8. [PMID: 21889621 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloys used in fixed prosthodontics have been associated with type IV Ni-induced hypersensitivity. We hypothesised that the full-thickness human-derived oral mucosa model employed for biocompatibility testing of base-metal dental alloys would provide insights into the mechanisms of Ni-induced toxicity. Primary oral keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts were seeded onto Alloderm™ and maintained until full thickness was achieved prior to Ni-Cr and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy disc exposure (2-72 h). Biocompatibility assessment involved histological analyses with cell viability measurements, oxidative stress responses, inflammatory cytokine expression and cellular toxicity analyses. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis determined elemental ion release levels. We detected adverse morphology with significant reductions in cell viability, significant increases in oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine expression and cellular toxicity for the Ni-Cr alloy-treated oral mucosal models compared with untreated oral mucosal models, and adverse effects were increased for the Ni-Cr alloy that leached the most Ni. Co-Cr demonstrated significantly enhanced biocompatibility compared with Ni-Cr alloy-treated oral mucosal models. The human-derived full-thickness oral mucosal model discriminated between dental alloys and provided insights into the mechanisms of Ni-induced toxicity, highlighting potential clinical relevance.
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27
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van der Veen VC, Boekema BKHL, Ulrich MMW, Middelkoop E. New dermal substitutes. Wound Repair Regen 2011; 19 Suppl 1:s59-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2011.00713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Abstract
Cell culture in two dimensions has been routinely and diligently undertaken in thousands of laboratories worldwide for the past four decades. However, the culture of cells in two dimensions is arguably primitive and does not reproduce the anatomy or physiology of a tissue for informative or useful study. Creating a third dimension for cell culture is clearly more relevant, but requires a multidisciplinary approach and multidisciplinary expertise. When entering the third dimension, investigators need to consider the design of scaffolds for supporting the organisation of cells or the use of bioreactors for controlling nutrient and waste product exchange. As 3D culture systems become more mature and relevant to human and animal physiology, the ability to design and develop co-cultures becomes possible as does the ability to integrate stem cells. The primary objectives for developing 3D cell culture systems vary widely - and range from engineering tissues for clinical delivery through to the development of models for drug screening. The intention of this review is to provide a general overview of the common approaches and techniques for designing 3D culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Haycock
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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29
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MacNeil S, Shepherd J, Smith L. Production of tissue-engineered skin and oral mucosa for clinical and experimental use. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 695:129-153. [PMID: 21042970 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-984-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1990s, our understanding of how epithelial and stromal cells interact in 3D tissue-engineered constructs has led to tissue-engineered skin and oral mucosa models, which are beginning to deliver benefit in the clinic (usually in small-scale reconstructive surgery procedures) but have a great deal to offer for in vitro investigations. These 3D tissue-engineered models can be used for a wide variety of purposes such as dermato- and mucotoxicity, wound healing, examination of pigmentation and melanoma biology, and in particular, a recent development from this laboratory, as a model of bacterially infected skin. Models can also be used to investigate specific skin disease processes. In this chapter, we describe the basic methodology for producing 3D tissue-engineered skin and oral mucosa based on de-epidermised acellular human dermis, and we give examples of how these models can be used for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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30
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Smith LE, Bonesi M, Smallwood R, Matcher SJ, MacNeil S. Using swept-source optical coherence tomography to monitor the formation of neo-epidermis in tissue-engineered skin. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 4:652-8. [DOI: 10.1002/term.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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31
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Krajewska E, Lewis C, Staton C, MacGowan A, MacNeil S. New insights into induction of early-stage neovascularization in an improved tissue-engineered model of psoriasis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 5:363-74. [DOI: 10.1002/term.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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33
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Green N, Huang Q, Khan L, Battaglia G, Corfe B, MacNeil S, Bury JP. The development and characterization of an organotypic tissue-engineered human esophageal mucosal model. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1053-64. [PMID: 19845463 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a demand for a reliable three-dimensional tissue-engineered model of the esophageal mucosa for use as an experimental platform for investigating esophageal epithelial biology and the pathogenesis of esophageal neoplasia and precursor lesions such as Barrett's metaplasia. A number of models have been described, but there has been little systematic assessment of the different approaches, making selection of a preferred platform difficult. This study assesses the properties of organotypic cultures using four different scaffolds (human esophageal matrix, porcine esophageal matrix, human dermal matrix, and collagen) and two different epithelial cell types (primary human esophageal squamous cells and the Het-1A esophageal squamous cell line). Human esophageal matrix and dermis did not give consistent results, but porcine esophageal matrix and collagen proved more reliable and were studied in greater detail. Both matrices supported the formation of a mature stratified epithelium that was similar to that of the normal human esophagus, demonstrated by Ki67, CK4, CK14, and involucrin staining. However, collagen showed reduced epithelial adherence, while fibroblast penetration into the porcine matrix was poor. Composite cultures using Het-1A cells formed a hyperproliferative epithelium with no evidence of differentiation. We propose human esophageal squamous cells seeded onto porcine esophageal matrix as the preferred model of the normal human esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Green
- Department of Engineering Materials, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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34
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van der Veen VC, van der Wal MB, van Leeuwen MC, Ulrich MM, Middelkoop E. Biological background of dermal substitutes. Burns 2010; 36:305-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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36
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Bullock AJ, Pickavance P, Haddow DB, Rimmer S, MacNeil S. Development of a calcium-chelating hydrogel for treatment of superficial burns and scalds. Regen Med 2010; 5:55-64. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Superficial burns and scalds are usually managed conservatively with traditional dressings. Failure to heal within 3 weeks leads to their management by skin grafting. Our aim was to develop a biomaterial to actively promote keratinocyte migration in superficial burns by modulating local cation concentrations to accelerate keratinocyte migration and deter wounds from contracting, thus potentially reducing the number of such wounds requiring grafting. Materials & methods: We investigated polymeric hydrogels for their Ca2+ chelating properties and enhancement of keratinocyte migration in human tissue-engineered skin models. Results: Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate:methacrylic acid hydrogel coupled with elevated [Mg2+] reduced media [Ca2+], potentiating keratinocyte migration in tissue-engineered skin models, it also significantly reduced wound model contraction. Conclusion: Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate:methacrylic acid hydrogels could promote wound healing and reduce wound contraction, a significant complication in burn wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- AJ Bullock
- Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - P Pickavance
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - DB Haddow
- York Pharma (R&D) Ltd, Innovation Centre, 217 Portobello, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK
| | - S Rimmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - S MacNeil
- Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
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37
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Shepherd J, Douglas I, Rimmer S, Swanson L, MacNeil S. Development of three-dimensional tissue-engineered models of bacterial infected human skin wounds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2009; 15:475-84. [PMID: 19292658 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While infected skin wounds are on the increase because of ageing populations, rising incidence of diabetes, and antibiotic resistance, we lack relevant in vivo or in vitro models to study many aspects of bacterial interaction with skin. The aim of this study was to develop three-dimensional models of normal human skin to study bacterial infection. The common dermatological pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to infect tissue-engineered skin, and the course of infection in the skin was examined over several days. Two forms of model were developed-one in which bacteria were introduced directly to 10 mm wounds in the epidermis, and another in which wounds were created by burning a 4 mm hole in the center of the tissue before inoculation. The bacteria flourished within the engineered skin, and colonized the upper epidermal layers before invasion into the dermis. Infection with P. aeruginosa caused a loss of epidermis and de-keratinization of the skin constructs, as well as partial loss of basement membrane. These novel complex human skin infection models could be used to investigate microbial invasion of normal skin epithelium, basement membrane, and connective tissue, and as a model to study approaches to reduce bacterial burden in skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Shepherd
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
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38
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Madsen J, Armes SP, Bertal K, MacNeil S, Lewis AL. Preparation and Aqueous Solution Properties of Thermoresponsive Biocompatible AB Diblock Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1875-87. [DOI: 10.1021/bm9002915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew L. Lewis
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd., Chapman House, Farnham Business Park, Weydon Lane, Farnham, Surrey, GU9 8QL, United Kingdom
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39
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Rosario DJ, Reilly GC, Ali Salah E, Glover M, Bullock AJ, Macneil S. Decellularization and sterilization of porcine urinary bladder matrix for tissue engineering in the lower urinary tract. Regen Med 2008; 3:145-56. [PMID: 18307398 DOI: 10.2217/17460751.3.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several synthetic and natural matrices have been described for tissue engineering of bladder but there is little information on the effects of processing on their subsequent mechanical performance or interaction with human cells. AIM Our aim was to assess the effects of delamination, decellularization and sterilization on the mechanical properties of porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) and to then assess the ability of the UBM to act as a scaffold for reconstruction with human bladder cells. METHODS A total of 20 porcine bladders were assessed before and after mechanical delamination and four porcine bladders were followed at every stage through a comparison of several decellularization and terminal sterilization methodologies examining histological and mechanical characteristics. The sterile UBM was seeded with normal human urothelial and bladder stromal cells either as a simultaneous coculture, or with stromal cells followed by urothelial cells. RESULTS Mechanical delamination, physical rinsing of the resulting bladder stroma in hypotonic buffer, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and 0.1% peracetic acid resulted in an UBM with acceptable mechanical properties capable of supporting urothelial and bladder stromal cells. Terminal sterilization with ethylene oxide resulted in considerable stiffening of the matrix simultaneous coculture and layered seeding of scaffolds with stromal cells followed by epithelial cells gave similar results with good initial urothelial attachment (followed by loss of cells later) and slow stromal cell penetration. CONCLUSION We describe a decellularized sterilized porcine UBM with acceptable mechanical properties that shows promise as a scaffold for producing an in vitro tissue-engineered bladder patch material for lower urinary tract reconstruction. Future work now needs to focus on the conditions for achieving secure epithelial attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Rosario
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Clinical Sciences (South), K Floor, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
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Rooney P, Eagle M, Hogg P, Lomas R, Kearney J. Sterilisation of skin allograft with gamma irradiation. Burns 2008; 34:664-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2007.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Madsen J, Armes SP, Bertal K, Lomas H, Macneil S, Lewis AL. Biocompatible wound dressings based on chemically degradable triblock copolymer hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2265-75. [PMID: 18598077 DOI: 10.1021/bm8005006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of thermo-responsive ABA triblock copolymers in which the outer A blocks comprise poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) and the central B block is poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine) is achieved using atom transfer radical polymerization. These novel triblock copolymers form thermo-reversible physical gels with critical gelation temperatures and mechanical properties that are highly dependent on the copolymer composition and concentration. TEM studies on dried dilute copolymer solutions indicate the presence of colloidal aggregates, which is consistent with micellar gel structures. This hypothesis is consistent with the observation that incorporating a central disulfide bond within the B block leads to thermo-responsive gels that can be efficiently degraded using mild reductants such as dithiothreitol (DTT) over time scales of minutes at 37 degrees C. Moreover, the rate of gel dissolution increases at higher DTT/disulfide molar ratios. Finally, these copolymer gels are shown to be highly biocompatible. Only a modest reduction in proliferation was observed for monolayers of primary human dermal fibroblasts, with no evidence for cytotoxicity. Moreover, when placed directly on 3D tissue-engineered skin, these gels had no significant effect on cell viability. Thus, we suggest that these thermo-responsive biodegradable copolymer gels may have potential applications as wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Blackwood KA, McKean R, Canton I, Freeman CO, Franklin KL, Cole D, Brook I, Farthing P, Rimmer S, Haycock JW, Ryan AJ, MacNeil S. Development of biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for dermal replacement. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3091-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Harrison CA, MacNeil S. The mechanism of skin graft contraction: An update on current research and potential future therapies. Burns 2008; 34:153-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Inhibition of Keratinocyte-Driven Contraction of Tissue-Engineered Skin In Vitro by Calcium Chelation and Early Restraint But Not Submerged Culture. J Burn Care Res 2008; 29:369-77. [DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e318166da8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hernon CA, Harrison CA, Thornton DJA, MacNeil S. Enhancement of keratinocyte performance in the production of tissue-engineered skin using a low-calcium medium. Wound Repair Regen 2008; 15:718-26. [PMID: 17971018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2007.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The success of laboratory-expanded autologous keratinocytes for the treatment of severe burn injuries is often compromised by their lack of dermal remnants and failure to establish a secure dermo-epidermal junction on the wound bed. We have developed a tissue-engineered skin substitute for in vivo use, based on a sterilized donor human dermis seeded with autologous keratinocytes and fibroblasts. However, culture rates are currently too slow for clinical use in acute burns. Our aim in this study was to increase the rate of production of tissue-engineered skin. Two approaches were explored: one using a commercial low-calcium media and the other supplementing well-established media for keratinocyte culture with the calcium-chelating agent ethylene glutamine tetra-acetic acid (EGTA). Using commercial low-calcium media for both the initial cell culture and subsequent culture of tissue-engineered skin did not produce tissue suitable for clinical use. However, it was possible to enhance the initial proliferation of keratinocytes and to increase their horizontal migration in tissue-engineered skin by supplementing established culture medium with 0.04 mM EGTA without sacrificing epidermal attachment and differentiation. Enhancement of keratinocyte migration with EGTA was also maximal in the absence of fibroblasts or basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Hernon
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Engineering Materials and Division of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield North Campus, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Xiao S, Zhu S, Ma B, Xia ZF, Yang J, Wang G. A New System for Cultivation of Human Keratinocytes on Acellular Dermal Matrix Substitute with the Use of Human Fibroblast Feeder Layer. Cells Tissues Organs 2008; 187:123-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Cell fragments and collagen structure of cell-free dermal substitutes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200710020-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Harrison CA, Gossiel F, Layton CM, Bullock AJ, Johnson T, Blumsohn A, MacNeil S. Use of an in vitro model of tissue-engineered skin to investigate the mechanism of skin graft contraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:3119-33. [PMID: 17518627 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin graft contraction leading to loss of joint mobility and cosmetic deformity remains a major clinical problem. In this study we used a tissue-engineered model of human skin, based on sterilized human adult dermis seeded with keratinocytes and fibroblasts, which contracts by up to 60% over 28 days in vitro, as a model to investigate the mechanism of skin contraction. Pharmacologic agents modifying collagen synthesis, degradation, and cross-linking were examined for their effect on contraction. Collagen synthesis and degradation were determined using immunoassay techniques. The results show that skin contraction was not dependent on inhibition of collagen synthesis or stimulation of collagen degradation, but was related to collagen remodelling. Thus, reducing dermal pliability with glutaraldehyde inhibited the ability of cells to contract the dermis. So did inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and inhibition of lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen cross-linking, but not transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking. In summary, this in vitro model of human skin has allowed us to identify specific cross-linking pathways as possible pharmacologic targets for prevention of graft contracture in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Harrison
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Kroto Institute, University of Sheffield, UK.
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Moharamzadeh K, Brook IM, Van Noort R, Scutt AM, Thornhill MH. Tissue-engineered oral mucosa: a review of the scientific literature. J Dent Res 2007; 86:115-24. [PMID: 17251509 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered oral mucosal equivalents have been developed for clinical applications and also for in vitro studies of biocompatibility, mucosal irritation, disease, and other basic oral biology phenomena. This paper reviews different tissue-engineering strategies used for the production of human oral mucosal equivalents, their relative advantages and drawbacks, and their applications. Techniques used for skin tissue engineering that may possibly be used for in vitro reconstruction of human oral mucosa are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moharamzadeh
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
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