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Chen J, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Tang J, Wang Z, Huang W, Cheng B. Transconjunctival Fat Repositioning Blepharoplasty: Is Excess Fat Herniation a Prerequisite? Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 153:1039-1046. [PMID: 37220233 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fat repositioning technique has been widely used for the treatment of tear trough deformity, and there is a strong belief that excess fat herniation is a prerequisite for the procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its effect in patients with minimal or no excess fat herniation. METHODS A total of 232 patients underwent the procedure and met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 198 were primary cases, and 34 had a hisory of fat removal for blepharoplasty. The amount of infraorbital fat was evaluated preoperatively by palpation. Release of the tear trough ligament and fat redistribution were sequentially performed as described previously. Surgical outcome was assessed based on the Hirmand grading system and the FACE-Q scales. RESULTS Tear trough deformities were eliminated in more than 85% of cases. Aesthetic results were comparable between the primary and secondary surgery groups. The percentage of patients who complained of extremely or moderately severe tear trough deformities decreased from 86.3% preoperatively to 34.0% postoperatively. The scores of the lower eyelid FACE-Q decreased significantly ( P < 0.05). Patients were satisfied with their decision to undergo blepharoplasty (78.2 ± 18.7). Undercorrection of the tear trough occurred in 30 patients. Other complications included 12 cases of transient conjunctiva bleeding, two cases of eyelid numbness, and six cases of dry eye. These resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSION Fat repositioning is a feasible and effective technique for the treatment of tear trough deformities in patients with minimal or no excess orbital fat herniation, provided that a fat pad is palpable. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Chen
- From the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA
| | - Yanhong Wu
- From the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- From the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA
| | - Bin Zhang
- From the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA
| | - Jianbing Tang
- From the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA
| | - Zhongshan Wang
- From the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA
| | - Wenhua Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Biao Cheng
- From the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA
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AboShaban MS, Ghareeb FM. Esthetic restoration of progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg disease) by free fat grafting using computerized-assisted mapping. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:195-203. [PMID: 36376747 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-022-01115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the use of fat grafting enriched with platelet-rich plasma through a computerized-assisted mapping for esthetic restoration in progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg disease). METHODS This prospective study was conducted on 53 patients presented by Parry-Romberg disease and was corrected by facial fat grafting (FFG) enriched with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). A computerized software program was used to design a detailed map to achieve clinical symmetry with fat grafting application, as the anatomical subunits direct 3-dimensional volumetric symmetric, and compartments direct isolated recipient-specific grafting. Also, volumetric asymmetry was assessed through outlines of facial contour, projection, and proportions for both sides and comparing the mirror image of unaffected side as a template. RESULTS Objective ultrasound and photogrammetric measurements showed a significant improvement in facial symmetry postoperatively compared to preoperative (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between 12 and 18 months after surgery. The FACE-Q score regarding comparison before surgery and 18 months after surgery showed a statistically significant improvement in all modules (P < 0.001) with overall satisfaction concerning outcome of 82.7 ± 0.8. CONCLUSION Enriched fat grafting with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a good alternative to reconstruct soft tissue defects for patients with progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg disease) with a minimally invasive approach and low complications. It provides volumetric replacement, enhancement of skin texture, and improvement of hyperpigmentation with restoration of facial contour for an esthetic pleasing appearance. Isolated replacement in accordance with the anatomical facial subunits and fat compartments allows three-dimensional reconstruction and maximizes fat retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saad AboShaban
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassein Abdelafar Street, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt.
| | - Fouad Mohammed Ghareeb
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassein Abdelafar Street, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
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Al-Madhoon HW, Elkhateb A, Asla MM, Jaber M. Comparative evaluation of nasolabial flap and buccal fat pad flap in the surgical management of oral submucous fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:91-100. [PMID: 37219705 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-023-01157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, potentially malignant condition affecting any part of the oral cavity and is prevalent in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of buccal fat pad flap with the nasolabial flap in the management of OSMF. METHODS We systematically compared two commonly used constructive techniques in the management of OSMF: the buccal pad of fat flap and the nasolabial flap. We performed a comprehensive search in four databases for all articles published between 1982 and November 2021. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Handbook and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We used the mean difference (MD) for pooling the data with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and evaluated the heterogeneity between pooled studies using χ2 and I2 tests. RESULTS Out of 917 studies, six were included in this review. The meta-analysis significantly favored conventional nasolabial flap over buccal fat pad flap in improving the maximal mouth opening (MD, - 2.52; 95% CI, - 4.44 to - 0.60; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%) after OSMF reconstructive surgery. Conversely, when it comes to esthetic outcomes, these studies favored buccal fat pad flap. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis found that nasolabial flap was better than buccal fat pad flap in terms of mouth opening restoration after OSMF reconstructive surgery. Also, the included studies found better results, favoring nasolabial flap over buccal fat pad flap in terms of oral commissural width restoration. Also, these studies reported better outcomes in terms of esthetics, favoring buccal fat pad flap. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different populations/races are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amr Elkhateb
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Jaber
- Surgical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, P.O Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
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Durán Vega HC, Manzaneda R, Flores E, Manfrim C, Morelli H. Deep Back Liposuction: Ultrasound-Guided Deep Fat Liposuction of the Subiliac Crest. Aesthet Surg J 2024; 44:296-301. [PMID: 37474316 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past 5 years, aesthetic surgery of the buttock has changed a lot with the use of technologies like imaging ultrasound to get safer and more beautiful results. These techniques are not only used to make a safer fat infiltration in the buttock, but also for modeling it. The aim of this study was to describe ultrasound-guided subiliac crest deep fat liposuction for contouring the buttock-back region. This area is often overlooked in gluteal frame management because of the depth at which it is located. Healthy patients were chosen for whom this deep back ultrasound technique was performed to improve the gluteal frame. The technique involved making a small incision in the iliac crest of the ilium, followed by identification of the area of deep posterior fat below the iliac crest under ultrasonographic control. A cannula was positioned to deliver static tumescent infiltration and liposuction was performed. This study included 16 female patients aged 20 to 45 years old who underwent this procedure. The area was infiltrated with 150 to 200 mL of tumescent solution per side, and 175 to 200 mL of fat was obtained. The depth of the study area varied but was observed to be generally located between 3 and 5 cm from the skin. This study indicates that this technique is safe and effective in achieving aspiration of the subiliac crest deep fat, which enhances the frame for buttock-back contouring. Ultrasound was indispensable for locating the fat and infiltrating the area for subsequent liposuction.See the abstract translated into Hindi, Portuguese, Korean, German, Italian, Arabic, Chinese, and Taiwanese online here: https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjad236. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Yadav P, Devaraj SS. Role of buccal fat pad to reduce the chances of re-ankylosis-A systematic review of literature. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 125:101619. [PMID: 37673302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of buccal fat pad (BFP) as interpositional material in the temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) have been well documented. The purpose of the present systematic review is to reinforce the role of buccal fat pad as interpositional material in preventing re-ankylosis. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic scholar and Cochrane library database from 1980 to 2022 following the PRISMA guidelines. The studies using BFP as interpositional material in TMJA with more than 10 patients with atleast a follow-up of 6-months were included. All the human studies {prospective, retrospective, case reports/series (with more than 10 subjects), randomized or non-randomized trial) reporting the outcome of BFP as interpositional material were included. The present systematic review included 11 studies (prospective=7, Retrospective=3 and ambispective=1) using BFP as interpositional material. The total number of patients were 205. The number of unilateral TMJA and bilateral TMJA were 153 and 52 respectively, making a number of joint to 257. The distribution of gender was almost equal (few studies did not report the gender distribution). The minimum follow-up was 6-months and extended up to 5.3 years. Out of 205 patients, no re-ankylosis was reported in patients. The authors concluded that the BFP is nearly ideal and a preferred interpositional material to prevent re-ankylosis in temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Its vicinity to TMJ, ease of harvesting through the same surgical site and avoiding other scar makes it a preferred interpositional material in TMJA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shanmuga Sundaram Devaraj
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Morales R, Mentz J, Hallman TG, Castillo C. Subfascial/Intramuscular Dual-Plane Gluteal Implantation and Supplemental Fat Grafting: A Novel Technique for Buttock Augmentation. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:1499-1507. [PMID: 37368325 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much debate exists within the current literature as to which plane is safest and most effective for gluteal implant buttock augmentation. A novel subfascial/intramuscular (SF/IM) dual-plane technique appears to combine the benefits of each plane. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe our experience with SF/IM plane gluteal implantation, and to discuss its indications, efficacy, and safety, and offer recommendations on its proper use. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of 175 consecutive cases of gluteal augmentation with solid silicone implants in the SF/IM pocket, with and without supplemental autologous fat transfer. Outcomes from all patients were analyzed to determine the rate of complication and need for surgical revision. RESULTS In 175 cases of bilateral buttock augmentation with gluteal implantation using the SF/IM pocket, the most common complication was infection. This complication was seen in 13 cases (7.43%), 7 (4%) of which were superficial and did not require surgical intervention. Other complications included dehiscence, seroma, capsular contracture, and implant migration. CONCLUSIONS The SF/IM gluteal implantation, in combination with liposculpture and autologous fat transfer into the overlaying subcutaneous space, allows for a durable cosmetic augmentation of the buttocks in patients lacking sufficient volume for augmentation with fat transfer alone. This technique was found to have complication rates similar to those of other established augmentation techniques, as well the cosmetic advantages of a large, stable pocket with thick, soft tissue coverage of the inferior pole.
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Nahai F, Niazi F, Nahai F, Niazi S, Foster JA, Doroodgar F, Baradaran-Rafii A, Rashidi V. An Overview of Surgical Approaches for Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:1429-1440. [PMID: 37531619 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the lower eyelid are noticed by patients as bags or circles under the eye, a tired look, and a flattened face. Lower eyelid blepharoplasty, in which the excess skin and/or orbital fat is excised and repositioned, is mainly performed for aesthetic reasons rather than the correction of functional abnormalities. Favorable outcomes for the combination of these approaches have been reported, but the most suitable surgical technique is still debated. This systematic narrative review deals with the indications, preoperative considerations, operative techniques, and complications of several different surgical approaches to lower eyelid blepharoplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3
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Putterman AM. Eyelid Circles: Fat Excision Versus Repositioning. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:647-648. [PMID: 37922046 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
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Gentile P. Tuberous Breast, Deformities, and Asymmetries: A Retrospective Analysis Comparing Fat Grafting Versus Mastopexy and Breast Implants. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:1683-1694. [PMID: 36161350 PMCID: PMC10581921 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tuberous breast is considered a breast deformity characterized by varying degrees of herniation of the parenchyma, widened nipple-areolar complex (NAC), absence of the lower quadrants, and may involve several degrees of hypoplasia and asymmetry causing significant psychosocial distress. OBJECTIVES The paper aimed to compare the results obtained in patients suffering tuberous breast treated with fat grafting (FG), with those of patients treated with a mastopexy and silicone implants (M-SI) also analyzing the influence of breast and chest deformities (degrees of hypoplasia and tuberous breast, volume and NAC asymmetry, pectus excavatum, and carinatum) in the reconstructive outcomes. METHODS A retrospective, case-control study was conducted. Thirty-five patients affected by tuberous breast with several degrees of hypoplasia and asymmetry were treated with FG, comparing results with those of 30 patients treated with M-SI. Postoperative follow-up took place at 1, 3, 7, 12, 24, 48, weeks, and then annually for 2 years. RESULTS 77% (n = 27) of patients treated with two FG procedures showed excellent results after 1 year compared with the patients treated with only one M-SI procedure, who showed the same results in 73% (n = 22) of cases, but the naturalness and the satisfaction degree in the FG group were higher than that in the M-SI group (p < .0001 vs. M-SI group). CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with FG showed natural breasts without scars and excellent cosmetic results after two procedures. Patients treated with M-SI showed more evident and lasting results after only one procedure, presenting though scars and less natural results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gentile
- Associate Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Science, Tor Vergata" University, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Scientific Director of Academy of International Regenerative Medicine & Surgery Societies (AIRMESS), 1201, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Harutyunyan R, Gilardino MS, Papanastasiou VW, Jeffries SD, Hemmerling TM. Ultrasound Calculation of Fat Volume for Liposuction: A Clinical Software Validation. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:1150-1158. [PMID: 37099036 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat manipulation procedures such as liposuction contain a degree of subjectivity primarily guided by the surgeon's visual or tactile perception of the underlying fat. Currently, there is no cost-effective, direct method to objectively measure fat depth and volume in real time. OBJECTIVES Utilizing innovative ultrasound-based software, the authors aimed to validate fat tissue volume and distribution measurements in the preoperative setting. METHODS Eighteen participants were recruited to evaluate the accuracy of the new software. Recruited participants underwent ultrasound scans within the preoperative markings of the study area before surgery. Ultrasound-estimated fat profiles were generated with the in-house software and compared directly with the intraoperative aspirated fat recorded after gravity separation. RESULTS Participants' mean age and BMI were 47.6 (11.3) years and 25.6 (2.3) kg/m2, respectively. Evaluation of trial data showed promising results following the use of a Bland Altman agreement analysis. For the 18 patients and 44 volumes estimated, 43 of 44 measurements fell within a confidence interval of 95% when compared with the clinical lipoaspirate (dry) volumes collected postsurgery. The bias was estimated at 9.15 mL with a standard deviation of 17.08 mL and 95% confidence interval between -24.34 mL and 42.63 mL. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative fat assessment measurements agreed significantly with intraoperative lipoaspirate volumes. The pilot study demonstrates, for the first time, a novel companion tool with the prospect of supporting surgeons in surgical planning, measuring, and executing the transfer of adipose tissues. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Baker BW, Kortesis B, Bharti G. Commentary on: Ultrasound Calculation of Fat Volume for Liposuction: A Clinical Software Validation. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:1159-1160. [PMID: 37498684 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
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Minelli L, Brown CP, Warren RJ, van der Lei B, Mendelson BC, Little JW. Lifting the Anterior Midcheek and Nasolabial Fold: Introduction to the Melo Fat Pad Anatomy and Its Role in Longevity and Recurrence. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:941-954. [PMID: 37130080 PMCID: PMC10481114 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limitation of current facelift techniques is the early postoperative reappearance of anterior midcheek laxity associated with recurrence of the nasolabial fold (NLF). OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to examine the regional anatomy of the anterior midcheek and NLF with a focus on explaining the early recurrence phenomenon and to explore the possibility of alternative surgical methods that prolong NLF correction. METHODS Fifty cadaver heads were studied (16 embalmed, 34 fresh; mean age, 75 years). Following preliminary dissections and macrosectioning, a series of standardized layered dissections were performed, complemented by histology, sheet plastination, and microcomputed tomography. Mechanical testing of the melo fat pad (MFP) and skin was performed to gain insight on which structure is responsible for transmission of the lifting tension in a composite facelift procedure. RESULTS Anatomic dissections, sheet plastination, and microcomputed tomography demonstrated the 3-dimensional architecture and borders of the MFP. Histology of a lifted midcheek demonstrated that a composite MFP lift causes a change in connective tissue organization from a hanging-down pattern into a pulled-upward pattern, suggesting traction on the skin. Mechanical testing confirmed that, in a composite lift, despite the sutures being placed directly into the deep aspect of the MFP, the lifting tension distal to the suture is transmitted through the skin and not through the MFP. CONCLUSIONS The usual method of performing a composite midcheek lift results in the skin, and not the MFP itself, bearing the load of the nondissected tissues distal to the lifting suture. For this reason, early recurrence of the NLF occurs following skin relaxation in the postoperative period. Accordingly, specific surgical procedures for remodeling the MFP should be explored, possibly in combination with volume restoration of the fat and bone, for more lasting improvement of the NLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennert Minelli
- Corresponding Author: Dr Lennert Minelli, Mendelson Advanced Facial Anatomy Course, Australasian Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons, PO Box 592, Toorak 3142, Victoria, Australia. E-mail: ; Instagram: @dr.lennert.minelli
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Vaccari S, Bucci F, Di Giuli R. Comment on: ''Tuberous Breast, Deformities, and Asymmetries: A Retrospective Analysis Comparing Fat Grafting Versus Mastopexy and Breast Implants''. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:207-208. [PMID: 36547686 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We read with great interest the article titled "Tuberous breast, deformities, and asymmetries: a retrospective analysis comparing fat grafting versus mastopexy and breast implants" by Gentile. In this interesting paper, the author compares results obtained in patients suffering from tuberous breast, deformities, and asymmetries treated with fat grafting (FG) with those of patients who underwent mastopexy and breast implant (M-SI). The TB reconstructive procedures aims to release the constricted base both vertically and horizontally, restore the correct nipple-inframammary fold distance, avoid the double bubble, correct ptosis and hypertrophy, and restore both volume and asymmetry. In most cases, it poses a real challenge to surgical correction through the exclusive use of only one of the surgical techniques described in the paper. We think the type of surgical procedure is determined by specific factors which must be considered by both the surgeon and the patient. We propose a classification that analyzes 3 characteristics (type of stenosis, hypoplasia, and ptosis) and identifies 8 classes of TB: this classification allows to guide the surgeon in choosing the most appropriate surgical maneuvers for each type of TB. In conclusion, we think that each case of TB, deformities, and asymmetries should be carefully studied and classified, opting for the most appropriate surgical method "tailored made" to ensure the best result for the patient. Among these techniques, M-SI and FG are two important weapons in the hands of the surgeon, who must use them wisely, knowing each indication and limits.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vaccari
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine BIOMETRA, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery School, University of Milan, Via Manzoni 56, 20090, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Flavio Bucci
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine BIOMETRA, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery School, University of Milan, Via Manzoni 56, 20090, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Giuli
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine BIOMETRA, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery School, University of Milan, Via Manzoni 56, 20090, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Ugradar S, Kim JS, Massry G. A Review of Midface Aging. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:123-131. [PMID: 36700849 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review and summarize studies on the anatomy and involutional changes of the midface. METHODS A PubMed search was performed searching for studies on the anatomy and involutional changes concerning the midface. RESULTS The anatomy of the midface is complex. Studies of involutional change vary in scientific quality and have conflicting results. However, it appears that among the more common changes, there is a decrease in the maxillary and pyriform angle, with changes to the orbital floor position. Further, there appears to be an inferior migration of the fat compartments of the midface during aging, exacerbating the hollow of the palpebromalar groove and causing a deepening of the nasojugal groove. Changes to the volume of the buccal extension of the buccal fat pad exacerbate these changes and contribute to the gestalt changes associated with facial aging. Here, we review the major characteristics of soft tissue and bony changes on the midface, with special reference to their anatomic relationships. CONCLUSIONS The major findings characterizing midface aging are related largely to the soft tissue. However, more robust studies are required to quantify these changes and to appraise their impact on the overall manifestation of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Ugradar
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Jane S Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Guy Massry
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
- Division of Oculoplastic Surgery Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
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Palanne R, Rantasalo M, Vakkuri A, Olkkola KT, Vahlberg T, Skants N. Fat tissue is a poor predictor of 1 year outcomes after total knee arthroplasty: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Scand J Surg 2023; 112:22-32. [PMID: 36510351 DOI: 10.1177/14574969221139722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Obesity may increase the risk of adverse events after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although body mass index (BMI) is commonly used in categorizing obesity, its accuracy is limited. Body fat percentage (BFP) might indicate adiposity status and predict arthroplasty-related outcomes better than BMI. We investigated whether BFP is predictive of TKA-related outcomes. METHODS In this secondary analysis, BFP was measured preoperatively from 294 participants of a randomized trial that investigated the effects of tourniquet and anesthesia methods on TKA. Data concerning in-hospital assessments and events were collected. Knee range of motion (ROM) was measured, the Brief Pain Inventory-short form and Oxford Knee Score questionnaires were used to collect data on patient-reported pain and function, and the 15-dimensional health-related questionnaire was used to assess quality of life preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. The patients reported satisfaction to TKA 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Data concerning infectious and thromboembolic events within 90 postoperative days and revision surgery, manipulation under anesthesia, and mortality within 1 year were collected. A separate post hoc analysis was performed for 399 participants to assess the effects of BMI on the respective outcomes. RESULTS A 1-unit increase in BFP affected the ROM by -0.37° (95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.60 to -0.13) 12 months after surgery. BFP was not significantly associated with the operation time or adverse events. However, the number of most adverse events remained too low for adjusted analysis. A 1-unit increase in BMI increased the operation time by 0.57 min (95% CI = 0.10 to 1.04) and affected the ROM by -0.47° (95% CI = -0.74 to -0.20) 12 months postoperatively. Neither BFP nor BMI was significantly associated with acute pain, pain management, length of stay, or with pain, function, quality of life, or satisfaction to TKA at 12 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS BFP seems to be a poor predictor of in-hospital results and of patient-reported outcomes 1 year after TKA. TWITTER HANDLE In this secondary analysis of a randomized trial, body fat percentage was poorly predictive of clinical outcomes during hospital stay and of patient-reported outcomes 1 year after TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Palanne
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Central Finland Hospital Nova Hoitajantie 3 40620 Jyväskylä Finland
- Department of Anesthesiology Intensive Care and Pain Medicine Peijas Hospital University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital Vantaa Finland
| | - Mikko Rantasalo
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Peijas Hospital and Arthroplasty Center, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Anne Vakkuri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klaus T Olkkola
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Skants
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Peijas Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Vantaa, Finland
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Mlv SK, Mittal R. Suprapatellar Fat Pad Impingement due to Vascular Lesion: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2023; 13:01709767-202303000-00071. [PMID: 36947643 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.22.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CASE We present a fifteen-year-old adolescent boy with anterior knee pain and a palpable tender swelling in the suprapatellar region with painful terminal extension. Imaging was suggestive of a vascular lesion in the suprapatellar fat pad. He underwent arthroscopic debridement and postoperatively regained his terminal extension. CONCLUSION Suprapatellar fat pad impingement can rarely be due to vascular lesions or lipomatous tumors affecting the suprapatellar fat pad. If conservative treatment is unsuccessful, surgery can provide good pain relief. The tissue excised should always be sent for histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krishna Mlv
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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17
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Palomäki VA, Lehenkari P, Meriläinen S, Karttunen TJ, Koivukangas V. Dynamics of adipose tissue macrophage populations after gastric bypass surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:184-191. [PMID: 36478639 PMCID: PMC10107220 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This case-control study aimed to analyze the dynamics of macrophage infiltration in subcutaneous adipose tissue following bariatric surgery or conservative treatment of obesity and to clarify whether these features predict the weight loss outcome after the surgery. METHODS Subcutaneous tissue samples taken before and 12 months after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (n = 39) or conservative (n = 43) treatment for obesity were analyzed. Fat cell size was determined, and with CD68 immunohistochemistry, crown-like structures (CLS) were counted and single macrophages were quantitated. RESULTS A major decline in CLS density from 4.1 (SD 3.5) to 1.1 (SD 0.8) per 1000 fat cells (p < 0.000) was found, regardless of the degree of weight loss after the surgery. Surgery had no effect on the fraction of infiltrating single-cell macrophages in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The abundance of these macrophage populations before the intervention did not predict the degree of postsurgery weight loss or suboptimal response to the surgery. CONCLUSIONS The effect of gastric bypass on adipose tissue inflammatory status associates closely with CLS density even in subjects with suboptimal weight loss. The study suggests that factors related to bypass surgery other than weight loss modify the inflammatory response in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville A Palomäki
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Meriläinen
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J Karttunen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Koivukangas
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Becerril S, Tuero C, Cienfuegos JA, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Valentí V, Moncada R, Unamuno X, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. Improved Adipose Tissue Function after Single Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve-Gastrectomy (SADI-S) in Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911641. [PMID: 36232953 PMCID: PMC9570280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery has been recognized as the safest and most effective procedure for controlling type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity in carefully selected patients. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) and Single Anastomosis Duodenoileal Bypass with SG (SADI-S) on the metabolic profile of diet-induced obese rats. A total of 35 four-week-old male Wistar rats were submitted to surgical interventions (sham operation, SG and SADI-S) after 4 months of being fed a high-fat diet. Body weight, metabolic profile and the expression of molecules involved in the control of subcutaneous white (SCWAT), brown (BAT) and beige (BeAT) adipose tissue function were analyzed. SADI-S surgery was associated with significantly decreased amounts of total fat pads (p < 0.001) as well as better control of lipid and glucose metabolism compared to the SG counterparts. An improved expression of molecules involved in fat browning in SCWAT and in the control of BAT and BeAT differentiation and function was observed following SADI-S. Together, our findings provide evidence that the enhanced metabolic improvement and their continued durability after SADI-S compared to SG rely, at least in part, on the improvement of the BeAT phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlota Tuero
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier A. Cienfuegos
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Engineering Laboratory, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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19
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Tran AQ, Yang C, Tooley AA, Mahan M, Jamerson EC, Kazim M, Dagi Glass LR. The Arched Rainbow Brow in Thyroid Eye Disease. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 38:469-474. [PMID: 35353778 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To morphologically describe and mathematically quantify a novel clinical feature of thyroid eye disease (TED). METHODS A retrospective study was conducted of TED patients and age-sex-matched normal controls. The arched Rainbow Brow appearance in TED patients was determined by unanimous agreement of 3 oculoplastic surgeons. Eyebrow curvature was assessed by plotting 15 points along the eyebrow in ImageJ. The fourth-degree polynomial ( y = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e ) was fitted to each eyebrow. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-one eyes were analyzed (200 TED and 71 age-sex-matched normal controls). A Rainbow Brow was identified in 42% of TED patients. A unilateral Rainbow Brow was seen in 15% of patients. The fourth-degree polynomial coefficients yielded significant differences between Rainbow Brow patients and age-sex-matched normal controls for the coefficients a, b, c , and d . Similar analysis of TED patients with and without a Rainbow Brow showed differences in coefficients a and b . Age >50 years ( p = 0.009) and the presence of brow fat expansion ( p < 0.001) were associated with the presence of a Rainbow Brow. Proptosis >24 mm showed a trend toward association with the presence of a Rainbow Brow ( p = 0.057). When considering the contribution of these features in a multivariable analysis, only brow fat expansion was a significant contributing factor ( p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The Rainbow Brow is a distinct entity in TED and is likely consequent to brow fat pad expansion. Patients with a Rainbow Brow have different eyebrow curvature as compared to both normal age-sex-matched controls and TED patients without a Rainbow Brow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Q Tran
- Department of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Cameron Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Andrea A Tooley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Marielle Mahan
- Department of Ophthalmology, MedStar Georgetown/Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Emery C Jamerson
- Department of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Michael Kazim
- Department of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Lora R Dagi Glass
- Department of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
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20
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Denadai R, Lo LJ. Buccal fat pad interposition in modified small double-opposing Z-plasty palatoplasty using medial incision approach: A technical note. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:3877-3903. [PMID: 36057503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Denadai
- Plastic and Cleft-Craniofacial Surgery, A&D DermePlastique, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lun-Jou Lo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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21
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Kang KW, Ko JY, Lee H, Shin SY, Lee WS, Hong J, Kim SW, Lee SK, Oak MH. Surgically Metabolic Resection of Pericardial Fat to Ameliorate Myocardial Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Acute Myocardial Infarction Obese Rats. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e55. [PMID: 35257523 PMCID: PMC8901878 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericardial fat (PF) is highly associated with cardiovascular disease but the effectiveness of surgical resection of PF is still unknown for myocardial mitochondrial structure and function in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with obesity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the difference in myocardial mitochondrial structure and function between obese AMI with additionally resected PF and those without resected PF. METHODS Obese rats with 12-week high fat diet (45 kcal% fat, n = 21) were randomly assigned into 3 groups: obese control, obese AMI and obese AMI with additionally resected PF. One week after developing AMI and additional resection of PF, echocardiogram, myocardial mitochondrial histomorphology, oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), anti-oxidative enzyme and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) in the non-infarcted area were assessed between these groups. RESULTS There was significant improvement of systolic function in AMI with PF resection compared with the AMI group in the echocardiogram. Even though the electron microscopic morphology for the mitochondria seems to be similar between the AMI with PF resection and AMI groups, there was an improved expression of PGC-1α and responsive OXPHOS including NDUFB3, NDUFB5 and SDHB are associated with the ATP levels in the AMI with PF resection compared with those in the AMI group. In addition, the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes (MnSOD) and SERCA2 were improved in the AMI with PF resection compared with those in the AMI group. CONCLUSION Surgical resection of PF might ameliorate myocardial mitochondria dysfunction in obese AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woon Kang
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Heart Research Institute and Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ju-Young Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Korea
| | - Hyunghee Lee
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Heart Research Institute and Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yong Shin
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Heart Research Institute and Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wang Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Heart Research Institute and Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonhwa Hong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kim
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Heart Research Institute and Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Oak
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Korea.
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating the volume of fat to be resected during lower lid blepharoplasty can be challenging. While the excess fat is clearly visible in the upright position, it retracts into the orbital cavity when the patient is in decubitus. Several tools have been developed to predict the volume required for adequate outcomes and to reduce the risk of complications. Among these, 3D photography, in addition to being noninvasive, radiation-free, portable and relatively inexpensive, can be used to make simulations. OBJECTIVE To assess the level of agreement between Vectra H1 camera simulations and the outcome of lower eyelid blepharoplasties with volume removal based on these simulations. METHODS Preoperatively, a 3D camera and simulation software (Vectra H1, Canfield Imaging Systems) was used to estimate the fat pad volume to be resected from the lower eyelids in a sample of 35 patients (female n = 34) aged 55 years on average. Following the procedure, the patients were photographed at 1, 3 and 6 months and the outcome was compared to the simulation. RESULTS The agreement between the simulated volume and the intraoperative volume was high. While the difference between the postoperative volume and the simulated volume decreased over time, at 6 months the actual volume was still 0.30 mL (right eye) and 0.24 mL (left eye) larger than the simulated volume. CONCLUSIONS A systematic and significant difference was found between the simulation volume and the postoperative volume. The low level of agreement observed suggests that the accuracy of the tested software is insufficient for reliable simulations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo E Miranda
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Matayoshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Wallace KG, Pfeiffer SJ, Pietrosimone LS, Harkey MS, Zong X, Nissman D, Kamath GM, Creighton RA, Spang JT, Blackburn JT, Pietrosimone B. Changes in Infrapatellar Fat Pad Volume 6 to 12 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Associations With Patient-Reported Knee Function. J Athl Train 2021; 56:1173-1179. [PMID: 33787883 PMCID: PMC8582630 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0458.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypertrophy of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) in idiopathic knee osteoarthritis has been linked to deleterious synovial changes and joint pain related to mechanical tissue impingement. Yet little is known regarding the IFP's volumetric changes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). OBJECTIVES To examine changes in IFP volume between 6 and 12 months after ACLR and determine associations between patient-reported outcomes and IFP volume at each time point as well as the volume change over time. In a subset of individuals, we examined interlimb IFP volume differences 12 months post-ACLR. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS We studied 26 participants (13 women, 13 men, age = 21.88 ± 3.58 years, body mass index = 23.82 ± 2.21 kg/m2) for our primary aims and 13 of those participants (8 women, 5 men, age = 21.15 ± 3.85 years, body mass index = 23.01 ± 2.01 kg/m2) for our exploratory aim. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Using magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated the IFP volume change between 6 and 12 months post-ACLR in the ACLR limb and between-limbs differences at 12 months in a subset of participants. International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee evaluation (IKDC) scores were collected at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, and associations between IFP volume and patient-reported outcomes were determined. RESULTS The IFP volume in the ACLR limb increased from 6 months (19.67 ± 6.30 cm3) to 12 months (21.26 ± 6.91 cm3) post-ACLR. Greater increases of IFP volume between 6 and 12 months were significantly associated with better 6-month IKDC scores (r = .44, P = .03). The IFP volume was greater in the uninjured limb (22.71 ± 7.87 cm3) than in the ACLR limb (20.75 ± 9.03 cm3) 12 months post-ACLR. CONCLUSIONS The IFP volume increased between 6 and 12 months post-ACLR; however, the IFP volume of the ACLR limb remained smaller than that of the uninjured limb at 12 months. In addition, those with better knee function 6 months post-ACLR demonstrated greater increases in IFP volume between 6 and 12 months post-ACLR. This suggests that greater IFP volumes may play a role in long-term joint health after ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Wallace
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Steven J Pfeiffer
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens
| | - Laura S Pietrosimone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Matthew S Harkey
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Xiaopeng Zong
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Daniel Nissman
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ganesh M Kamath
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Jeffrey T Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - J Troy Blackburn
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Brian Pietrosimone
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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24
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Berti MD, Goupille C, Doucet M, Arbion F, Vilde A, Body G, Ouldamer L. Oncological Safety of Autologous Fat Grafting in Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy for cancer: A case-control study. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 51:102257. [PMID: 34695621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of autologous fat grafting in the context of breast reconstruction is still a matter of controversy. The objective of this study was to compare the local relapse rate in women who had a fat grafting session in the context of breast reconstruction after breast cancer management, to those who had breast reconstruction without fat grafting. METHODS We performed a retrospective, monocentric, case-control study from January 2007 to December 2017 in our hospital. The cases included women who underwent breast reconstruction with autologous fat grafting and controls, undergoing breast reconstruction without fat grafting. We compared survival and local recurrence between the two groups. RESULTS 412 women were included: 109 (26.5%) in the lipofilling group and 303 women (73.5%) in the "no lipofilling" group. In the overall study population, lipofilling did not appear to be a predictive factor for recurrence, HR = 1.39 [0.63 - 3.06], p = 0.41; or a predictive factor for overall survival, HR = 0.84 [0.23 - 3.02], p = 0.79, or for distant metastases, HR = 1.10 [0.43 - 2.79], p = 0.84. In contrast, in the subgroup of women treated for invasive cancer, the multivariate analysis showed that lipofilling in this context was an independent predictive factor for local recurrence (HR= 5.06 [1.97 - 10.6], p = 0.04). CONCLUSION we found an increased risk of local recurrence after lipofilling in women who were managed for invasive breast cancer. This suggests that special consideration should be given to women who have had invasive breast cancer before lipofilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Berti
- Department of Gynaecology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France; François-Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - C Goupille
- Department of Gynaecology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France; François-Rabelais University, Tours, France; INSERM unit 1069, Tours, France
| | - M Doucet
- Department of Gynaecology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France; François-Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - F Arbion
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - A Vilde
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - G Body
- Department of Gynaecology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France; François-Rabelais University, Tours, France; Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - L Ouldamer
- Department of Gynaecology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France; François-Rabelais University, Tours, France; Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France.
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Abstract
SUMMARY Social media have triggered a buccal fat pad excision frenzy. Not surprisingly, there is tremendous appeal of having a slimmer lower face and more defined jawline after undergoing a small intraoral procedure under local anesthesia. Although this procedure is great for social media and seemingly beneficial for jawline aesthetics, the evidence remains limited as to whether or not this is an effective long-term solution. How much the buccal fat pad persists or diminishes as we age is an area of debate. However, the possibility of causing premature aging and midface distortion in the long run is disconcerting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod J Rohrich
- From the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute; the Institute of Aesthetic Medicine; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
| | - James M Stuzin
- From the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute; the Institute of Aesthetic Medicine; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
| | - Ira L Savetsky
- From the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute; the Institute of Aesthetic Medicine; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
| | - Yash J Avashia
- From the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute; the Institute of Aesthetic Medicine; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
| | - Nikhil A Agrawal
- From the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute; the Institute of Aesthetic Medicine; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
| | - Margarita Prada
- From the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute; the Institute of Aesthetic Medicine; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
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Traboulsi-Garet B, Camps-Font O, Traboulsi-Garet M, Gay-Escoda C. Buccal fat pad excision for cheek refinement: A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e474-e481. [PMID: 34023838 PMCID: PMC8254881 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buccal Fat Pad (BFP) excision has become an aesthetic surgical procedure. Although this procedure is quite common, it is important to bear in mind that the scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of this treatment is scarce and of low quality. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyse all relevant data to assess the efficacy and safety of BFP excision for improving midface aesthetics. MATERIAL AND METHODS A thorough search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus and Cochrane Library databases was conducted. The PICO approach was used where healthy patients seeking cheek slimming and facial silhouette refining undergo BFP excision and were compared before and after surgery in terms of BFP volume reduction, adverse effects and patient satisfaction. RESULTS Of the 1,413 references identified, 4 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Only one study reported BFP volume reduction, which was 3.10 mL (95%CI: 2.38 to 3.80; P < 0.001), and the mean volume of the excised tissue was 2.74 ± 0.69 mL (range, 1.8-4.9 mL). 84.6% of the patients stated that their facial contour was much better and the remaining 15.4% noticed that the appearance of their cheeks following BFP excision was better. Seven complications were reported in the 134 cheek refinement procedures. CONCLUSIONS BFP removal has an initially favorable outcome for facial aesthetics and a low postoperative complication rate, however, there are many procedures being performed with poor quality methodology and there is also a lack of published data on its long-term follow-up results.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Traboulsi-Garet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - University of Barcelona C/ Feixa Llarga, s/n; Pavelló Govern, 2ª planta 08907 - L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Leiva-Cepas F, Benito-Ysamat A, Jimena I, Jimenez-Diaz F, Gil-Belmonte MJ, Ruz-Caracuel I, Villalba R, Peña-Amaro J. Ultrasonographic and Histological Correlation after Experimental Reconstruction of a Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury with Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136689. [PMID: 34206557 PMCID: PMC8268690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Different types of scaffolds are used to reconstruct muscle volume loss injuries. In this experimental study, we correlated ultrasound observations with histological findings in a muscle volume loss injury reconstructed with autologous adipose tissue. The outcome is compared with decellularized and porous matrix implants. Autologous adipose tissue, decellularized matrix, and a porous collagen matrix were implanted in volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries generated on the anterior tibial muscles of Wistar rats. Sixty days after implantation, ultrasound findings were compared with histological and histomorphometric analysis. The muscles with an autologous adipose tissue implant exhibited an ultrasound pattern that was quite similar to that of the regenerative control muscles. From a histological point of view, the defects had been occupied by newly formed muscle tissue with certain structural abnormalities that would explain the differences between the ultrasound patterns of the normal control muscles and the regenerated ones. While the decellularized muscle matrix implant resulted in fibrosis and an inflammatory response, the porous collagen matrix implant was replaced by regenerative muscle fibers with neurogenic atrophy and fibrosis. In both cases, the ultrasound images reflected echogenic, echotextural, and vascular changes compatible with the histological findings of failed muscle regeneration. The ultrasound analysis confirmed the histological findings observed in the VML injuries reconstructed by autologous adipose tissue implantation. Ultrasound can be a useful tool for evaluating the structure of muscles reconstructed through tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Leiva-Cepas
- Research Group in Muscle Regeneration, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.L.-C.); (A.B.-Y.); (I.J.); (M.J.G.-B.); (I.R.-C.)
- Department of Pathology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Benito-Ysamat
- Research Group in Muscle Regeneration, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.L.-C.); (A.B.-Y.); (I.J.); (M.J.G.-B.); (I.R.-C.)
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Radiology Department, Musculoskeletal Section, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Jimena
- Research Group in Muscle Regeneration, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.L.-C.); (A.B.-Y.); (I.J.); (M.J.G.-B.); (I.R.-C.)
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Jimenez-Diaz
- Sport Sciences Faculty, Castilla La Mancha University, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Campus de los Jerónimos, San Antonio Catholic University (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Gil-Belmonte
- Research Group in Muscle Regeneration, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.L.-C.); (A.B.-Y.); (I.J.); (M.J.G.-B.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel
- Research Group in Muscle Regeneration, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.L.-C.); (A.B.-Y.); (I.J.); (M.J.G.-B.); (I.R.-C.)
- Department of Pathology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Villalba
- Tissue of Establishment of the Center for Transfusion, Tissues and Cells, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Jose Peña-Amaro
- Research Group in Muscle Regeneration, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.L.-C.); (A.B.-Y.); (I.J.); (M.J.G.-B.); (I.R.-C.)
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The subperiosteum, supraperiosteum, and intrasuborbicularis oculi fat have been used as planes of dissection for orbital fat transposition in transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty. The steep learning curve due to the anatomic complexity in using any of the 3 planes may deter plastic surgeons from performing the procedure. We present the use of clear anatomical midcheek spaces, the premaxillary and prezygomatic spaces, as the plane for orbital fat transposition in transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 184 consecutive patients who underwent transconjunctival orbital fat transposition using the midcheek spaces from November 2013 to July 2019. Recorded data included the patient's age, duration of surgery, postoperative complications (chemosis; bleeding; lower eyelid swelling; orbital and/or lower eyelid infection; eye misalignment on primary gaze; binocular diplopia; numbness involving the lower eyelid, cheek, and upper lip; orbicularis oculi paralysis, inferior scleral show, and lower eyelid ectropion), aesthetic result, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS The mean age is 35.48 ± 6.66 years. Significant aesthetic improvement was achieved not only for herniated orbital fat and prominent lid-cheek junction but also for midcheek depression over an average follow-up of 22.41 ± 16.04 months. The patient satisfaction score (98.91%) was high. No major complications occurred. The mean operating time was 46.74 ± 6.67 minutes. CONCLUSIONS The natural midcheek spaces could be used as an ideal plane for orbital fat transposition in transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty. By using the midcheek spaces, transconjunctival orbital fat transposition can become a safe and effective technique without the steep learning curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Jin
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xiaoxi Lin
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Taha MM, Aneis YM, Mohamady HM, S. A. A, Elsayed SH. Effect of focused ultrasound cavitation augmented with aerobic exercise on abdominal and intrahepatic fat in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250337. [PMID: 33909662 PMCID: PMC8081198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine the effect of focused ultrasound cavitation augmented with aerobic exercise on localized abdominal and intrahepatic fat in fatty liver patients. METHODS 34 fatty liver patients aged 30-45 with a body mass index (BMI) of 30-40 kg/m2 were randomly assigned into two equally numbered groups. Group A received focused ultrasound cavitation and moderate aerobic exercise for three months, while Group B (control group) received moderate aerobic exercise only. Abdominal subcutaneous fat volume, visceral fat volume, liver-to-spleen ratio (L/S ratio), body weight, BMI, and waist circumference were measured both before and after the study period. RESULTS Both groups showed significant improvements in subcutaneous fat volume, visceral fat volume, body weight, BMI, and waist circumference relative to baseline where (P < 0.001), with a higher percentage in group A. L/S ratio only showed a significant improvement in group A. Between-group differences were noteworthy regarding L/S ratio and waist circumference where (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION While substantial risky measures in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have been modified by aerobic exercise, its combination with focused ultrasound cavitation causes more notable effects on the reduction of abdominal and intrahepatic fat, making it a superior option. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04161703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Taha
- Department of Rehabilitation, College Of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser M. Aneis
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Alrasheedy S. A.
- Department of Internal Medicine, EL Sahel Teaching Hospital, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shereen Hamed Elsayed
- Department of Rehabilitation, College Of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Simunec D, Salari H, Meyer J. Treatment of Grade 3 and 4 Osteoarthritis with Intraoperatively Separated Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction: A Comparative Case Series. Cells 2020; 9:E2096. [PMID: 32937996 PMCID: PMC7565051 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis of the joints. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a regenerative cell population that can be isolated from adipose tissue. It is the immunomodulatory properties of the stromal vascular fraction that make it a promising candidate for the regenerative treatment of OA. Patients with grade 3 and 4 osteoarthritis were treated with the stromal vascular fraction with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and followed up on their Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) score for 12 months, with MRI and subjective evaluation of the procedure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a widening of the joint space, a restructuring of the cartilage, and an alleviation of effusions in the treated joints. In three of the four treatment groups, a substantial improvement of the KOOS scores was documented at the 12-month follow-up time point. According to the subjective evaluation, 67% of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the procedure and would recommend it to others. No serious adverse events or unwanted side effects related to the SVF treatment were observed or reported. Prior to an invasive artificial joint replacement, the treatment of arthritic knee joints with the intraarticular injection of autologous adipose tissue-derived SVF should be considered a regenerative treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Simunec
- Plastic, Aesthetic Hand- & Reconstructive Surgery, Marien Hospital Soest, 59494 Soest, Germany; (D.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Honey Salari
- Plastic, Aesthetic Hand- & Reconstructive Surgery, Marien Hospital Soest, 59494 Soest, Germany; (D.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Juliane Meyer
- Medical Affairs, Human Med AG, 19061 Schwerin, Germany
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Bottiglieri A, Ruvio G, O’Halloran M, Farina L. Exploiting Tissue Dielectric Properties to Shape Microwave Thermal Ablation Zones. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20143960. [PMID: 32708680 PMCID: PMC7411896 DOI: 10.3390/s20143960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dielectric characterization of tissue targets of microwave thermal ablation (MTA) have improved the efficacy and pre-procedural planning of treatment. In some clinical scenarios, the tissue target lies at the interface with an external layer of fat. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the dielectric contrast between fat and target tissue on the shape and size of the ablation zone. A 2.45 GHz monopole antenna is placed parallel to an interface modelled by fat and a tissue characterized by higher dielectric properties and powered at 30 and 60 W for 60 s. The performances of MTA are numerically investigated considering different interface scenarios (i.e., different widths of fat layer, shifts in the antenna alignment) and a homogeneous reference scenario. Experiments (N = 10) are conducted on ex vivo porcine tissue to validate the numerical results. Asymmetric heating patterns are obtained in the interface scenario, the ablation zone in the target tissue is two-fold to ten-fold the size of the zone in the adipose tissue, and up to four times larger than the homogenous scenario. The adipose tissue reflects the electromagnetic energy into the adjacent tissue target, reducing the heating in the opposite direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bottiglieri
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Translational Medical Device Lab, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (G.R.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Giuseppe Ruvio
- Translational Medical Device Lab, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (G.R.); (L.F.)
- Endowave Ltd., National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin O’Halloran
- Translational Medical Device Lab, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (G.R.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Laura Farina
- Translational Medical Device Lab, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (G.R.); (L.F.)
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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Gasz A, Danko J, Straka M, Ilic L, M Ramia J. Laparoscopic partial resection of retroperitoneal extramedullary plasmacytoma. Cir Esp 2020; 98:299-301. [PMID: 31610880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Gasz
- Allgemein Öffentliches Ladislaus Betthyany Strattmann Krankenhaus Kittsee, Kittsee, Austria; Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España, Universidad de Alcalá.
| | - Jan Danko
- Allgemein Öffentliches Ladislaus Betthyany Strattmann Krankenhaus Kittsee, Kittsee, Austria; Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España, Universidad de Alcalá
| | - Maros Straka
- Allgemein Öffentliches Ladislaus Betthyany Strattmann Krankenhaus Kittsee, Kittsee, Austria; Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España, Universidad de Alcalá
| | - Lazo Ilic
- Allgemein Öffentliches Ladislaus Betthyany Strattmann Krankenhaus Kittsee, Kittsee, Austria; Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España, Universidad de Alcalá
| | - José M Ramia
- Allgemein Öffentliches Ladislaus Betthyany Strattmann Krankenhaus Kittsee, Kittsee, Austria; Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España, Universidad de Alcalá
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of the technique chosen to treat the aging midface, the isolated lateral approach facelift has a limited impact on the midface volume deficit. In an effort to overcome this limitation, modern facial rejuvenation procedures incorporate an additional modality for replenishing the midface volume. Some of the author's facelift patients present with bulging buccal fat pads despite volume deficiency in the inframalar region. The author's technique is designed to utilize the buccal fat pad to replenish the inframalar volume deficit. OBJECTIVES The author sought to present the fat pad transposition surgical technique along with objective outcome data. METHODS This study was a retrospective review of nonconsecutive cases where the sub-superficial-musculo-aponeurotic-system transposition of the buccal fat pad was performed. A total of 22 patients underwent the fat pad transposition technique by the author (O.B.) between July 2013 and December 2017. Patient data were obtained from patient records, 3-dimensional models, magnetic resonance images, and standardized photography. Preoperative differences in midface volume were assessed utilizing curvilinear surface measurements on 3-dimensional models and the Allergan midface volume deficit scale on standardized photography. RESULTS The average midface volume deficit score significantly improved, and the average midfacial curvilinear surface measurement significantly increased after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a stable position of the buccal fat pad after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The sub-superficial-musculo-aponeurotic-system transposition of the buccal fat pad is an effective technique that can be safely employed for autologous inframalar augmentation in patients with a favorable facial morphology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Freitas-Ribeiro S, Carvalho AF, Costa M, Cerqueira MT, Marques AP, Reis RL, Pirraco RP. Strategies for the hypothermic preservation of cell sheets of human adipose stem cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222597. [PMID: 31613935 PMCID: PMC6793945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell Sheet (CS) Engineering is a regenerative medicine strategy proposed for the treatment of injured or diseased organs and tissues. In fact, several clinical trials are underway using CS-based methodologies. However, the clinical application of such cell-based methodologies poses several challenges related with the preservation of CS structure and function from the fabrication site to the bedside. Pausing cells at hypothermic temperatures has been suggested as a valuable method for short-term cell preservation. In this study, we tested the efficiency of two preservation strategies, one using culture medium supplementation with Rokepie and the other using the preservation solution Hypothermosol, in preserving human adipose stromal/stem cells (hASC) CS-like confluent cultures at 4°C, during 3 and 7 days. Both preservation strategies demonstrated excellent ability to preserve cell function during the first 3 days in hypothermia, as demonstrated by metabolic activity results and assessment of extracellular matrix integrity and differentiation potential. At the end of the 7th day of hypothermic incubation, the decrease in cell metabolic activity was more evident for all conditions. Nonetheless, hASC incubated with Rokepie and Hypothermosol retained a higher metabolic activity and extracellular matrix integrity in comparison with unsupplemented cells. Differentiation results for the later time point showed that supplementation with both Rokepie and Hypothermosol rescued adipogenic differentiation potential but only Rokepie was able to preserve hASC osteogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Freitas-Ribeiro
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andreia Filipa Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marina Costa
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mariana Teixeira Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Pinto Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Luís Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério Pedro Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Giatsidis G, Succar J, Waters TD, Liu W, Rhodius P, Wang C, Nilsen TJ, Chnari E, Orgill DP. Tissue-Engineered Soft-Tissue Reconstruction Using Noninvasive Mechanical Preconditioning and a Shelf-Ready Allograft Adipose Matrix. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144:884-895. [PMID: 31568297 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue defects leading to severe functional (disability) and morphologic (disfigurement) morbidity are often treated in plastic surgery with fat grafting, which can be limited by resorption, necrosis, and cyst formation. This study aimed to assess whether adipose scaffolds could provide an environment for in situ autologous fat grafting, and to study whether adipose cell migration and proliferation (adipogenesis) within scaffolds could be enhanced by preliminarily increasing the vascularity (preconditioning) of the surrounding tissue receiving the scaffolds. METHODS Using an established rodent model of subcutaneous tissue/scaffold grafting, the authors tested the potential of a human-derived, shelf-ready, injectable, decellularized allograft adipose matrix to reconstruct soft-tissue defects when used in combination with noninvasive mechanical (suction-induced) skin preconditioning. RESULTS Combined use of the allograft adipose matrix and noninvasive skin preconditioning significantly improved long-term volume retention (50 to 80 percent higher at a 12-week follow-up) and histologic quality of reconstructed tissues compared with standard of care (autologous adipose grafts). The components of the allograft adipose matrix supported adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Combining the allograft adipose matrix with living adipose grafts mitigated negative outcomes (lower long-term volume retention, higher presence of cystic-like areas). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the synergistic use of the allograft adipose matrix and noninvasive tissue preconditioning provides an effective solution for improving fat grafting. These strategies can easily be tested in clinical trials and could establish the basis for a novel therapeutic paradigm in reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Giatsidis
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Julien Succar
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Trevon D Waters
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Wenyue Liu
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Patrick Rhodius
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Chenglong Wang
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Todd J Nilsen
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Evangelia Chnari
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
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Vas K, Besenyi Z, Urbán S, Badawi A, Pávics L, Erős G, Kemény L. Efficacy and safety of long pulse 1064 and 2940 nm lasers in noninvasive lipolysis and skin tightening. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201900083. [PMID: 31008550 PMCID: PMC7065637 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive body shaping is becoming a growing demand. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the combined treatments of 1064 nm Nd:YAG and 2940 nm Er:YAG in noninvasive lipolysis and skin tightening. Ten females were enrolled, and all women's side of the waist or the lower part of the abdomen were treated. In the first step, the 1064 nm Nd:YAG was used. As a second step, the 2940 nm Er:YAG laser was applied. Each woman was treated four times, once every 2 weeks. The effects were determined by comparative photo documentation, waist circumference measurement, two-dimensional B-mode ultrasonography and low-dose native computer tomography (CT), whereas body fat was monitored with bioelectric impedance. The tissue firmness was measured by ultrasound shear wave elastography. Combined laser treatment significantly reduced waist circumference and total body fat. Ultrasonography has revealed that the treatment considerably decreased fat thickness and improved skin stiffness in the treated region. Subcutaneous fat volume, measured by low-dose CT, displayed a moderate decrease in the waist region. The combined 1064 nm Nd:YAG and 2940 nm Er:YAG laser treatment results in the reduction of fat tissue and tightens the skin as confirmed by objective measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Vas
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | | | - Szabolcs Urbán
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Ashraf Badawi
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced SciencesCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
| | - László Pávics
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Gábor Erős
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
- MTA‐SZTE Dermatological Research GroupUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
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Murillo AL, Kaiser KA, Smith DL, Peterson CM, Affuso O, Tiwari HK, Allison DB. A Systematic Scoping Review of Surgically Manipulated Adipose Tissue and the Regulation of Energetics and Body Fat in Animals. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1404-1417. [PMID: 31361090 PMCID: PMC6707830 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical manipulations of adipose tissue by removal, or partial lipectomy, have demonstrated body fat compensation and recovered body weight, suggesting that the body is able to resist changes to body composition. However, the mechanisms underlying these observations are not well understood. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an update on what is currently known about the regulation of energetics and body fat after surgical manipulations of adipose tissue in small mammals. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were searched to identify 64 eligible studies. Outcome measures included body fat, body weight, food intake, and circulating biomarkers. RESULTS Surgeries performed included lipectomy (72%) or transplantation (12%) in mice (35%), rats (35%), and other small mammals. Findings suggested that lipectomy did not have consistent long-term effects on reducing body weight and fat because regain occurred within 12 to 14 weeks post surgery. Hence, biological feedback mechanisms act to resist long-term changes of body weight or fat. Furthermore, whether this weight and fat regain occurred because of "passive" and "active" regulation under the "set point" or "settling point" theories cannot fully be discerned because of limitations in study designs and data collected. CONCLUSIONS The regulation of energetics and body fat are complex and dynamic processes that require further studies of the interplay of genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn A. Kaiser
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Health Behavior Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Nutrition Sciences Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Courtney M. Peterson
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Nutrition Sciences Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Olivia Affuso
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Epidemiology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | | | - David B. Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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Chen S, Gui XE, Cao Q, Routy JP. Clinical outcome after lipectomy in the management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated dorsocervical fat accumulation: An observational cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16112. [PMID: 31232958 PMCID: PMC6636914 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipo-accumulation of the dorsocervical fat pad ("buffalo hump") is a complication observed in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We described the clinical outcome of people living with HIV with "buffalo hump" treated by excisional lipectomy.From April 2013 to March 2018, medical records of people living with HIV, who received care in our hospital have been evaluated. Among them, patients with dorsocervical fat accumulation treated by excisional lipectomy have been retrospectively assessed.Nine patients with "buffalo hump" among 2886 people living with HIV (3.1‰, 9/2886) were included. Eight were women with a mean age of 47.9 ± 8.0 years old (range, 36-60). Most of them have been infected by blood transfusion (77%, 7/9) and the mean duration of HIV infection was 14.1 ± 5.5 years (range, 6-22). The mean duration for antiretroviral therapy was 8.8 ± 2.1 years (range, 6-11). The mean pre-ART CD4+ T cell count was 91.3 ± 76.5 cells/μL (range, 4-233) and 477.4 ± 271.8 cells/μL (range, 114-926) at the time of surgery. All 9 patients underwent excisional lipectomy of their hypertrophied dorsocervical fat pad. The mean size of the excised specimens was 14 × 11 × 6 cm. The median follow-up time was 24 months (range, 2-60), all 9 patients reported satisfaction with their results, with no recurrence has been observed.Corrective surgery used to treat localized fat accumulations in people living with HIV with "buffalo hump" showed a favorable effect and can therefore be considered when necessary. Whereas drugs such as integrase inhibitors may avoid lipo-accumulation related syndrome and should be given to people living with HIV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Department of Urology
- Department of Biological Repositories
| | - Xi-en Gui
- Training Center of AIDS Prevention and Cure of Hubei Province
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology, and Chronic Viral Illness Service, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to report the experience and long-term efficacy of a novel surgical treatment for pelvic lipomatosis (PL) using a combination of pelvic fat mass extirpation and ureteral reimplantation.Data of 8 patients with PL who underwent pelvic fat mass extirpation and ureteral reimplantation at our hospital from September 2010 to March 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, serum creatinine level, radiographic changes, perioperative complications, and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated.Surgeries were performed successfully without severe perioperative complications in all 8 patients. Median operating time was 150 minutes with a median estimated blood loss of 75 mL. Patients were discharged after a median of 8.5 postoperative days. Imaging studies at the first follow-up revealed varying extents of alleviation of hydronephrosis and 3 patients' urinary symptoms were gradually relieved after surgery. During a median follow-up of 48.5 months (range, 10-100 months), all patients exhibited excellent surgical outcomes without evidence of disease progression, except 1 patient who underwent radical cystectomy with Bricker ileal conduit surgery due to hydronephrosis recurrence in the 49th postoperative month.Based on these cases, pelvic fat mass extirpation and ureteral reimplantation is a safe and effective surgical treatment for PL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing Ma
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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Ayyappan JP, Ganapathi U, Lizardo K, Vinnard C, Subbian S, Perlin DS, Nagajyothi JF. Adipose Tissue Regulates Pulmonary Pathology during TB Infection. mBio 2019; 10:e02771-18. [PMID: 30992360 PMCID: PMC6469978 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02771-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. One-third of the world population is infected with M. tuberculosis, and about 15 million people with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reside in the United States. An estimated 10% of individuals with LTBI are at risk of progressing to active disease. Loss of body mass, or wasting, accompanied by a significant reduction of body fat is often associated with active TB disease and is considered to be immunosuppressive and a major determinant of severity and outcome of disease. While the lungs are the primary site of M. tuberculosis infection and TB manifestation, recent reports have shown that adipose tissue serves as an important reservoir for M. tuberculosis In this article, we investigated the association between M. tuberculosis infection, adipose tissue, and TB disease progression using a transgenic inducible "fatless" model system, the FAT-ATTAC (fat apoptosis through targeted activation of caspase 8) mouse. By selectively ablating fat tissue during M. tuberculosis infection, we directly tested the role of fat cell loss and adipose tissue physiology in regulating pulmonary pathology, bacterial burden, and immune status. Our results confirm the presence of M. tuberculosis in fat tissue after aerosol infection of mice and show that loss of fat cells is associated with an increase in pulmonary M. tuberculosis burden and pathology. We conclude that acute loss of adipose tissue during LTBI may predispose the host to active TB disease.IMPORTANCE Although the lungs are the port of entry and the predominant site of TB disease manifestation, we and others have demonstrated that M. tuberculosis also persists in adipose tissue of aerosol-infected animals and directly or indirectly alters adipose tissue physiology, which in turn alters whole-body immuno-metabolic homeostasis. Our present report demonstrates a direct effect of loss of adipocytes (fat cells) on promoting the severity of pulmonary pathogenesis during TB, advancing our understanding of the pathogenic interactions between wasting and TB activation/reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeesh Plakkal Ayyappan
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Usha Ganapathi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kezia Lizardo
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christopher Vinnard
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - David S. Perlin
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jyothi F Nagajyothi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Czerniak S, Gusenoff JA, MacIsaac ZM, CBram RP, Amar D, Seynnaeve C, Medich D, Coleman S, Rubin JP. Fat Grafting for Improved Ileostomy Ostomy Device Fit: A Case Report. Wound Manag Prev 2019; 65:38-44. [PMID: 30986202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED For patients with an ostomy, a poor fitting appliance may cause leakage, peristomal dermatitis, and frequent appliance changes. PURPOSE The purpose of this case study was to report the outcome of fat grafting to augment peristomal soft tissue and improve appliance fit. CASE STUDY A 57-year-old woman with a history of Crohn's disease presented with soft-tissue deficiency and uneven contour around her ileostomy site. She was unable to properly fit an ostomy appliance, which resulted in leakage, chronic skin irritation, and frequent appliance changes. The patient underwent 2 rounds of fat grafting using fat harvested from her medial thighs and knees infused with dilute lidocaine with epinephrine. The patient noted immediate improvement after 34 cc of processed fat was injected in the first round. Appliance change frequency decreased from daily to every 3 to 4 days. A second graft of 32 cc provided 3 months later further improved appliance fit, reducing appliance change frequency to every 5 to 7 days and obviating the need to use adjustment rings and glue. Pre- and postoperative computed tomography showed increased thickness of abdominal wall subcutaneous tissues. CONCLUSION Fat grafting around an ostomy site presents a viable option to improve contour and appliance fit with reduced skin irritation and leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryan P CBram
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dalit Amar
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - David Medich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - J Peter Rubin
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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van Duren BH, Lamb JN, Nisar S, Ashraf Y, Somashekar N, Pandit H. Preservation vs. resection of the infrapatellar fat pad during total knee arthroplasty Part I: A survey of current practice in the UK. Knee 2019; 26:416-421. [PMID: 30777666 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the subject of ongoing debate. In part 1 of this two-part series, we present an overview of current practice regarding the management of the IPFP in elective TKA among surgeons in the UK. METHODS A web-based survey was offered to 269 delegates of the BASK 2017 annual conference. RESULTS The survey showed a large variation in practice. Of the 173 responders, 86.7% were consultants; 62.4% partially resected the IPFP; 23.1% totally resected the IPFP, and 9.8% preserved it. Forty percent felt that resection made a difference. Only 23% stated that they were aware of guidelines/evidence. CONCLUSION There is wide variation in practice with regard to the IPFP in TKA. The available literature with regard to resection or preservation of the IPFP is not conclusive. IMPLICATIONS There are no definitive guidelines available for the management of the IPFP in TKA resulting in a wide variation in practice amongst surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H van Duren
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - J N Lamb
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - S Nisar
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Y Ashraf
- Hillingdon Hospitals Trust, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - N Somashekar
- Hillingdon Hospitals Trust, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - H Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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Baumgarten AS, Beilan JA, Shah BB, Loeb A, Bickell M, Parker J, Henry GD, Carrion RE. Suprapubic Fat Pad Excision with Simultaneous Placement of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis. J Sex Med 2019; 16:333-337. [PMID: 30692027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many men suffering from erectile dysfunction are overweight with generous suprapubic fat pads, which often contribute to a decrease in visible exophytic phallic length. AIM To present a novel surgical concept of suprapubic fat pad excision with a concomitant placement of inflatable penile prosthesis. METHODS A transverse incision begins slightly medial to the anterior superior iliac spine, with the superior edge crossing transversely to the contralateral anterior superior iliac spine. The inferior border is incised in a curvilinear fashion, with the medial apex being approximately 1 cm above the base of the penis. Dissection is carried down to the lower abdominal anterior fascia, which leads to excision of the suprapubic fat pad. Using this same exposure, the inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is placed via an infrapubic approach. The wound is reapproximated in multiple layers, and 2 drains are placed, 1 subcutaneous in the area of the fat pad excision and the other in the scrotum around the pump. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes included penile implant functionality, ability to engage in sexual activity, and cosmetic satisfaction. RESULTS A total of 8 patients have undergone suprapubic fat pad excision with simultaneous placement of IPP at our institution. Average body mass index of our patient cohort was 36.6. 1 patient developed prosthetic infection after inadvertent removal of his drains in the immediate postoperative period. At last follow-up, all other patients have excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This technique can lead to higher patient satisfaction with their penile implant, enhanced sexual performance, and improved quality of life for patients with concurrent erectile dysfunction and significant suprapubic fat pad. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS This unique technique has never been previously described. It allows placement of IPP in the setting of fat pad excision without any additional incisions. Limitations include the small patient population and relatively short follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Suprapubic fat pad excision is a safe and reproducible technique that can be performed simultaneously with the placement of an IPP in appropriately selected patients. Patients must be counseled appropriately on the expectations of surgeries and the theoretical increased risk of postoperative complications, such as infection. Baumgarten AS, Beilan JA, Shah BB, et al. Suprapubic Fat Pad Excision with Simultaneous Placement of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis J Sex Med 2019;16:333-337.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bhavik B Shah
- University of South Florida, Department of Urology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aram Loeb
- University Hospitals Urology Institute/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Justin Parker
- University of South Florida, Department of Urology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gerard D Henry
- Ark-La-Tex Urology and Prostate Cancer Institute, Bossier City, LA, USA
| | - Rafael E Carrion
- University of South Florida, Department of Urology, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Gaur M, Dobke M, Lunyak VV. Methods and Strategies for Procurement, Isolation, Characterization, and Assessment of Senescence of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2045:37-92. [PMID: 30838605 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (hADSC) represent an attractive source of the cells for numerous therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. These cells are also an efficient model to study biological pathways of stem cell action, tissue injury and disease. Like any other primary somatic cells in culture, industrial-scale expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) leads to the replicative exhaustion/senescence as defined by the "Hayflick limit." The senescence is not only greatly effecting in vivo potency of the stem cell cultures but also might be the cause and the source of clinical inconsistency arising from infused cell preparations. In this light, the characterization of hADSC replicative and stressor-induced senescence phenotypes is of great interest.This chapter summarizes some of the essential protocols and assays used at our laboratories and clinic for the human fat procurement, isolation, culture, differentiation, and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue and the stromal vascular fraction. Additionally, we provide manuals for characterization of hADSC senescence in a culture based on stem cells immunophenotype, proliferation rate, migration potential, and numerous other well-accepted markers of cellular senescence. Such methodological framework will be immensely helpful to design standards and surrogate measures for hADSC-based therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Dobke
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Thukral H, Roy Chowdhury SK, Nagori SA. Surgical management of oral submucous fibrosis using buccal fat pad: a retrospective study of 30 cases. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 22:403-408. [PMID: 30238329 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-018-0721-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of buccal fat pad (BFP) in the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Retrospective records of 30 patients of OSMF treated with BFP with atleast a year of follow-up were analyzed. Patients were divided into groups based on the stages of OSMF. Surgical management consisted of resection of fibrous bands, bilateral temporalis myotomy, and coronoidectomy followed by grafting with BFP. There were 17 patients of stage III (mouth opening 16-25 mm) and 13 patients of stage IV OSMF (mouth opening less than 16 mm). The mean mouth opening of stage III group pre-operatively was 19.94 ± 2.19 mm which increased to a mean of 35.12 ± 5.69 mm (p < 0.0001). For patients with stage IV OSMF, the mouth opening increased from a pre-operative of 10.23 ± 4.07 mm to a post-operative of 31.46 ± 6.78 mm (p < 0.0001). No intra-operative complications were noted in any patient. Relapse was seen in 1 patient (5.8%) of stage III while 3 patients (23.07%) had relapse in stage IV group. Our results indicate that BFP is a good flap owing to its benefits which are easy to harvest and entails minimal morbidity for management of OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Thukral
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Army Dental Centre (Research & Referral), Delhi, India.
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Adank MW, Fleischer JC, Dankelman J, Hendriks BHW. Real-time oncological guidance using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in electrosurgery: the effect of coagulation on tissue discrimination. J Biomed Opt 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 30447060 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.11.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In breast surgery, a lack of knowledge about what is below the tissue surface may lead to positive tumor margins and iatrogenic damage. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a spectroscopic technique that can distinguish between healthy and tumor tissue making it a suitable technology for intraoperative guidance. However, because tumor surgeries are often performed with an electrosurgical knife, the effect of a coagulated tissue layer on DRS measurements must be taken into account. It is evaluated whether real-time DRS measurements obtained with a photonic electrosurgical knife could provide useful information of tissue properties also when tissue is coagulated and cut. The size of the coagulated area is determined and the effect of its presence on DR spectra is studied using ex vivo porcine adipose and muscle tissue. A coagulated tissue layer with a depth of 0.1 to 0.4 mm is observed after coagulating muscle with an electrosurgical knife. The results show that the effect of coagulating adipose tissue is negligible. Using the fat/water ratio's calculated from the measured spectra of the photonic electrosurgical knife, it was possible to determine the distance from the instrument tip to a tissue transition during cutting. In conclusion, the photonic electrosurgical knife can determine tissue properties of coagulated and cut tissue and has, therefore, the potential to provide real-time feedback about the presence of breast tumor margins during cutting, helping surgeons to establish negative margins and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje W Adank
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Julie C Fleischer
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Dankelman
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H W Hendriks
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
- Philips Research, In-Body Systems Department, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Dias-Neto M, Meekel JP, van Schaik TG, Hoozemans J, Sousa-Nunes F, Henriques-Coelho T, Lely RJ, Wisselink W, Blankensteijn JD, Yeung KK. High Density of Periaortic Adipose Tissue in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2018; 56:663-671. [PMID: 30115505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is currently seen as a paracrine organ that produces vasoactive substances, including inflammatory agents, which may have an impact on the vasculature. In this study PVAT density was quantified in patients with an aortic aneurysm and compared with those with a non-dilated aorta. Since chronic inflammation, as the pathway to medial thinning, is a hallmark of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), it was hypothesised that PVAT density is higher in AAA patients. METHODS In this multicentre retrospective case control study, three groups of patients were included: non-treated asymptomatic AAA (n = 140), aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) (n = 104), and individuals without aortic pathology (n = 97). A Hounsfield units based analysis was performed by computed tomography (CT). As a proxy for PVAT, the density of adipose tissue 10 mm circumferential to the infrarenal aorta was analysed in each consecutive CT slice. Intra-individual PVAT differences were reported as the difference in PVAT density between the region of the maximum AAA diameter (or the mid-aortic region in patients with AIOD or controls) and the two uppermost slices of infrarenal non-dilated aorta just below the renal arteries. Furthermore, subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue measurements were performed. Linear models were fitted to assess the association between the study groups, different adipose tissue compartments, and between adipose tissue compartments and aortic dimensions. RESULTS AAA patients presented higher intra-individual PVAT differences, with higher PVAT density around the aneurysm sac than the healthy neck. This association persisted after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and diseases and other fat compartments (β = 13.175, SE 4.732, p = .006). Furthermore, intra-individual PVAT differences presented the highest correlation with aortic volume that persisted after adjustment for other fat compartments, body mass index, sex, and age (β = 0.566, 0.200, p = .005). CONCLUSION The results suggest a relation between the deposition of PVAT and AAA pathophysiology. Further research should explore the exact underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dias-Neto
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal; Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorn P Meekel
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences) VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus G van Schaik
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences) VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Hoozemans
- Department of Physiology (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences) VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fábio Sousa-Nunes
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Rutger J Lely
- Department of Interventional Radiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Wisselink
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan D Blankensteijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak K Yeung
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology (Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences) VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Montero JF, de Souza HC, Martins MS, Oliveira MN, Benfatti CA, de Souza Magini R. Versatility and Importance of Bichat's Fat Pad in Dentistry: Case Reports of Its Use in Occlusal Trauma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:888-894. [PMID: 30066696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The knowledge of the anatomy surrounding Bichat's fat pad, as well as its clinical applications, is essential to indicate and to safely perform its removal. This surgery is indicated not only for esthetic purposes, but also for functional reasons. When used properly, Bichat's fat pad is composed of stem cells that have a similar phenotype to adipose stem cells, useful in the treatment of pathologies and/or complications, such as maxillary sinus membrane perforation, oroantral/oronasal communications, peri-implantitis, ulcers, fibrosis of the oral mucosa, soft tissue reconstruction, among others. Due to its location, it is prone to suffer clinically significant pathologies, as well as constant trauma. AIM The aim of this study is to report two clinical cases and subsequent follow-ups, where bichectomy was performed to avoid dental trauma to mucosal tissues during the masticatory function. Also, literature review on the application of Bichat's fat pad in dentistry is provided. CASE REPORT Two female patients (20 and 24 years) reported discomfort and constant pain in the oral mucosa caused by dental trauma. At the clinical examination, patient presented augmented and injured mucosa. The surgical sequence of Bichat's fat pad removal, as well as the extra-/intraoral photographic follow-up (8, 15, 30, and 180 days) of the patients is described. CONCLUSION In order to indicate and/or accomplish surgical procedures involving Bichat's fat pad, it is fundamental to know its anatomy and possible applications, not only for esthetic purposes, but also for functional purposes. The patients showed evident improvements following the removal of Bichat's fat pad. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Application of Bichat's fat and its removal should be evaluated, being an alternative in patients who constantly undergo mucosal injury during masticatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fd Montero
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Center for Research and Education on Dental Implants, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, e-mail:
| | - Humberto Cm de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Center for Research and Education on Dental Implants, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Center for Research and Education on Dental Implants, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Miguel N Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Center for Research and Education on Dental Implants, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - César Am Benfatti
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Center for Research and Education on Dental Implants, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Souza Magini
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Center for Research and Education on Dental Implants, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Abstract
Purpose Retrospective evaluation of 41 proptosis reduction procedures using fat removal orbital decompression (FROD) according to a modified Olivari's technique. Methods Trans-septal excision of extraconal and intraconal fat was done under the microscope through the upper and lower eyelid blepharoplasty approach. Proptosis was measured with a Hertel exophthalmometer. Results Mean excision of 7.31 + 1.9 ml (range 3.25 - 12 ml) of orbital fat reduced proptosis on average by 4.7 + 2.4 mm (range 1–11 mm). Side effects were few, limited only to ocular motility disturbances. There was no significant effect on visual fileds. A postoperative drop in IOP was noted in patients with preoperative IOP above 21 mmHg. Efficient palpebral lengthening can be achieved with combined section of the levator aponeurosis horns in the upper eyelid, and/or auricular cartilage graft in the lower eyelid. Conclusions FROD reduces proptosis in Grave's ophthalmopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Adenis
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, C.H.U. Dupuytren, Faculté de Médecine, Limoges, France.
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Wollina U. Fat and MEAT. A rare benign lesion of adipose tissue. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2018; 27:41-43. [PMID: 29589646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The concept of mobile tumors was introduced by Shelley and Shelley in 2006. They coined the term abacus tumor. Mobile lipomas have been described in the literature as an example of abacus tumors. This was later questioned by Burgdorf et al., who performed comparative studies in cattle. They suggested the term mobile encapsulated adipose tissue (MEAT) for lipoma-like mobile lesions in cattle and people. We report two more cases of MEAT in adult patients and discuss the literature on this unusual subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden, Dresden,Germany
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