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Javed H, Meeran MFN, Jha NK, Ashraf GM, Ojha S. Sesamol: A Phenolic Compound of Health Benefits and Therapeutic Promise in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:797-809. [PMID: 38141184 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266273944231213070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Sesamol, one of the key bioactive ingredients of sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.), is responsible for many of its possible nutritional benefits. Both the Chinese and Indian medical systems have recognized the therapeutic potential of sesame seeds. It has been shown to have significant therapeutic potential against oxidative stress, inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, and mental disorders. Sesamol is a benign molecule that inhibits the expression of inflammatory indicators like numerous enzymes responsible for inducing inflammation, protein kinases, cytokines, and redox status. This review summarises the potential beneficial effects of sesamol against neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Recently, sesamol has been shown to reduce amyloid peptide accumulation and attenuate cognitive deficits in AD models. Sesamol has also been demonstrated to reduce the severity of PD and HD in animal models by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. The mechanism of sesamol's pharmacological activities against neurodegenerative diseases will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, UP, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Dietrich P, Alli S, Mulligan MK, Cox R, Ashbrook DG, Williams RW, Dragatsis I. Identification of cyclin D1 as a major modulator of 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 162:105581. [PMID: 34871739 PMCID: PMC8717869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria dysfunction occurs in the aging brain as well as in several neurodegenerative disorders and predisposes neuronal cells to enhanced sensitivity to neurotoxins. 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a naturally occurring plant and fungal neurotoxin that causes neurodegeneration predominantly in the striatum by irreversibly inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid respiratory chain enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), the main constituent of the mitochondria respiratory chain complex II. Significantly, although 3-NP-induced inhibition of SDH occurs in all brain regions, neurodegeneration occurs primarily and almost exclusively in the striatum for reasons still not understood. In rodents, 3-NP-induced striatal neurodegeneration depends on the strain background suggesting that genetic differences among genotypes modulate toxicant variability and mechanisms that underlie 3-NP-induced neuronal cell death. Using the large BXD family of recombinant inbred (RI) strains we demonstrate that variants in Ccnd1 - the gene encoding cyclin D1 - of the DBA/2 J parent underlie the resistance to 3-NP-induced striatal neurodegeneration. In contrast, the Ccnd1 variant inherited from the widely used C57BL/6 J parental strain confers sensitivity. Given that cellular stress triggers induction of cyclin D1 expression followed by cell-cycle re-entry and consequent neuronal cell death, we sought to determine if the C57BL/6 J and DBA/2 J Ccnd1 variants are differentially modulated in response to 3-NP. We confirm that 3-NP induces cyclin D1 expression in striatal neuronal cells of C57BL/6 J, but this response is blunted in the DBA/2 J. We further show that striatal-specific alternative processing of a highly conserved 3'UTR negative regulatory region of Ccnd1 co-segregates with the C57BL/6 J parental Ccnd1 allele in BXD strains and that its differential processing accounts for sensitivity or resistance to 3-NP. Our results indicate that naturally occurring Ccnd1 variants may play a role in the variability observed in neurodegenerative disorders involving mitochondria complex II dysfunction and point to cyclin D1 as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Dietrich
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA,Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Shanta Alli
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Megan K. Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Rachel Cox
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA,The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - David G. Ashbrook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ioannis Dragatsis
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA,Corresponding authors: ,
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Wang Z, Komatsu T, Ohata Y, Watanabe Y, Yuan Y, Yoshii Y, Park S, Mori R, Satou M, Kondo Y, Shimokawa I, Chiba T. Effects of rikkunshito supplementation on resistance to oxidative stress and lifespan in mice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 20:238-247. [PMID: 31855319 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Caloric restriction (CR), which limits the caloric intake to 60-70% of ad libitum (AL) amounts in various experimental animals, delays aging and extends the lifespan. We previously showed that neuropeptide Y (NPY), an appetite-stimulating peptide, is essential for the anti-oxidative and life-extending effects of CR. Here, we investigated whether a Japanese traditional herbal medicine, rikkunshito (RKT), which induces NPY activation, has CR-like life-extending effects. METHODS First, we evaluated the life-extending activity of RKT by examining the effect of long-term RKT administration on wild-type and NPY knockout mice. Furthermore, we tested whether RKT enhances CR-mediated beneficial effects under AL conditions with a normal diet and under mild CR conditions with a high-fat diet. We then used 3-nitropropionic acid or doxorubicin to induce oxidative stress, and analyzed the differences in survival rate, weight loss, gene expression and cellular oxidative damage among groups. RESULTS RKT administration did not extend the lifespan of wild-type or NPY knockout mice. In the oxidative stress models, RKT treatment upregulated anti-oxidative gene expression in the liver. Furthermore, RKT administration reduced the oxidative damage in the liver compared to the CR conditions alone. However, on induction of oxidative stress by 3-nitropropionic acid or doxorubicin, RKT administration did not affect the survival rate. CONCLUSIONS These results show that RKT administration only partially mimics the effects of CR at the cellular level, but not at the organismal level to increase the lifespan of mice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Biomedical Gerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Komatsu
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Ohata
- Biomedical Gerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yukari Watanabe
- Biomedical Gerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yiwen Yuan
- Biomedical Gerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshii
- Biomedical Gerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Seongjoon Park
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Mori
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Satou
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kondo
- Biomedical Gerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Isao Shimokawa
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Chiba
- Biomedical Gerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhu W, Yu J, Wang Q, Zhang J, Cui Y, Pan X, Gao X, Sun H. Succinate accumulation induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and promotes status epilepticus in the kainic acid rat model. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101365. [PMID: 31707354 PMCID: PMC6854095 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Though succinate accumulation is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and neuronal injury, which play critical roles in epilepsy, it is unclear whether succinate accumulation contributes to the onset of epilepsy or seizures. We sought to investigate changes in succinate, oxidative stress, and mito-SOX levels, as well as mitophagy and neuronal change, in different status epilepticus (SE) rat models. Our results demonstrate that KA-induced SE was accompanied by increased levels of succinate, oxidative stress, and mito-SOX, as well as mitophagy and neuronal degeneration. The similarly increased levels of succinate, oxidative stress, and mito-SOX were also found in pilocarpine-induced SE. Moreover, the reduction of succinate accumulation by the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate/aspartate shuttle (MAS), or purine nucleotide cycle (PNC) served to reduce succinate, oxidative stress, and mito-SOX levels, thereby preventing oxidative stress-related neuronal damage and lessening seizure severity. Interestingly, simulating succinate accumulation with succinic acid dimethyl ester may induce succinate accumulation and increased oxidative stress and mito-SOX levels, as well as behavior and seizures in electroencephalograms similar to those observed in rats exposed to KA. Our results indicate that succinate accumulation may contribute to the increased oxidative stress/mitochondrial ROS levels, neuronal degeneration, and SE induced by KA administration. Furthermore, we found that succinate accumulation was mainly due to the inverse catalysis of SDH from fumarate, which was supplemented by the MAS and PNC pathways. These results reveal new insights into the mechanisms underlying SE and that reducing succinate accumulation may be a clinically useful therapeutic target in SE. KA- or pilocarpine-induced SE was accompanied by succinate accumulation. Succinate accumulation caused elevated ROS/mito-ROS levels and neuronal injury. Inverse catalysis of SDH from fumarate mainly caused succinate accumulation. Inhibiting succinate accumulation relieved oxidative stress level, neuronal injury, and seizure. Simulating succinate accumulation induced elevated oxidative stress level and seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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5
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Su D, Kabir MP, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Gozem S, Gadda G. Fluorescence Properties of Flavin Semiquinone Radicals in Nitronate Monooxygenase. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1646-1652. [PMID: 30748074 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent cofactors like flavins can be exploited to probe their local environment with spatial and temporal resolution. Although the fluorescence properties of the oxidized and two-electron-reduced states of flavins have been studied extensively, this is not the case for the one-electron-reduced state. Both the neutral and anionic semiquinones have proven particularly challenging to examine, as they are unstable in solution and are transient, short-lived species in many catalytic cycles. Here, we report that the nitronate monooxygenase (NMO) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 is capable of stabilizing both semiquinone forms anaerobically for hours, thus enabling us to study their spectroscopy in a constant protein environment. We found that in the active site of NMO, the anionic semiquinone exhibits no fluorescence, whereas the neutral semiquinone radical shows a relatively strong fluorescence, with a behavior that violates the Kasha-Vavilov rule. These fluorescence properties are discussed in the context of time-dependent density functional theory calculations, which reveal low-lying dark states in both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Mohammad Pabel Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Yoelvis Orozco-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Giovanni Gadda
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.,Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmond Ave., Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.,Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5090, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
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6
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Essa MM, Moghadas M, Ba-Omar T, Walid Qoronfleh M, Guillemin GJ, Manivasagam T, Justin-Thenmozhi A, Ray B, Bhat A, Chidambaram SB, Fernandes AJ, Song BJ, Akbar M. Protective Effects of Antioxidants in Huntington’s Disease: an Extensive Review. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:739-774. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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7
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El-Abhar H, Abd El Fattah MA, Wadie W, El-Tanbouly DM. Cilostazol disrupts TLR-4, Akt/GSK-3β/CREB, and IL-6/JAK-2/STAT-3/SOCS-3 crosstalk in a rat model of Huntington's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203837. [PMID: 30260985 PMCID: PMC6160003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Countless neurodegenerative diseases are associated with perverse multiple targets of cyclic nucleotide signalling, hastening neuronal death. Cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor, exerts neuroprotective effects against sundry models of neurotoxicity, however, its role against Huntington's disease (HD) has not yet been tackled. Hence, its modulatory effect on several signalling pathways using the 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) model was conducted. Animals were injected with 3-NP (10 mg/kg/day, i.p) for two successive weeks with or without the administration of cilostazol (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Contrary to the 3-NP effects, cilostazol largely preserved striatal dopaminergic neurons, improved motor coordination, and enhanced the immunohistochemical reaction of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme. The anti-inflammatory effect of cilostazol was documented by the pronounced reduction of the toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) protein expression and the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, but with a marked elevation in IL-10 striatal contents. As a consequence, cilostazol reduced IL-6 downstream signal, where it promoted the level of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), while abated the phosphorylation of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK-2) and Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT-3). Phosphorylation of the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/cAMP response element binding protein (Akt/GSK-3β/CREB) cue is another signalling pathway that was modulated by cilostazol to further signify its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic capacities. The latter was associated with a reduction in the caspase-3 expression assessed by immunohistochemical assay. In conclusion the present study provided a new insight into the possible mechanisms by which cilostazol possesses neuroprotective properties. These intersecting mechanisms involve the interference between TLR-4, IL-6-IL-10/JAK-2/STAT-3/SOCS-3, and Akt/GSK-3β/CREB signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mai A. Abd El Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. El-Tanbouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Kotlar I, Colonnello A, Aguilera-González MF, Avila DS, de Lima ME, García-Contreras R, Ortíz-Plata A, Soares FAA, Aschner M, Santamaría A. Comparison of the Toxic Effects of Quinolinic Acid and 3-Nitropropionic Acid in C. elegans: Involvement of the SKN-1 Pathway. Neurotox Res 2018; 33:259-267. [PMID: 28822104 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tryptophan metabolite, quinolinic acid (QUIN), and the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) are two important tools for toxicological research commonly used in neurotoxic models of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, energy depletion, and neuronal cell death in mammals. However, their toxic properties have yet to be explored in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) for the establishment of novel, simpler, complementary, alternative, and predictive neurotoxic model of mammalian neurotoxicity. In this work, the effects of QUIN (1-100 mM) and 3-NP (1-10 mM) were evaluated on various physiological parameters (survival, locomotion, and longevity) in a wild-type (WT) strand of C. elegans (N2). Their effects were also tested in the VC1772 strain (knock out for the antioxidant SKN-1 pathway) and the VP596 strain (worms with a reporter gene for glutathione S-transferase (GST) transcription) in order to establish the role of the SKN-1 pathway in the mode of action of QUIN and 3-NP. In N2, the higher doses of both toxins decreased survival, though only QUIN altered motor activity. Both toxins also reduced longevity in the VC1772 strain (as compared to N2 strain) and augmented GST transcription in the VP596 strain at the highest doses. The changes induced by both toxins require high doses, and therefore appear moderate when compared with other toxic agents. Nevertheless, the alterations produced by QUIN and 3-NP in C. elegans are relevant to mammalian neurotoxicity as they provide novel mechanistic approaches to the assessment of neurotoxic events comprising oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, in the nematode model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Kotlar
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aline Colonnello
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Aguilera-González
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - María Eduarda de Lima
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Ortíz-Plata
- Laboratorio de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Simultaneous blockade of NMDA receptors and PARP-1 activity synergistically alleviate immunoexcitotoxicity and bioenergetics in 3-nitropropionic acid intoxicated mice: Evidences from memantine and 3-aminobenzamide interventions. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 803:148-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Suganya SN, Sumathi T. Effect of rutin against a mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionicacid induced biochemical, behavioral and histological alterations-a pilot study on Huntington's disease model in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:471-481. [PMID: 27928694 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary compounds like flavonoids may offer protection against neurodegeneration. Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by symptoms like chorea and dementia. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor produces behavioral, biochemical and histological changes in the striatum, mimics HD in animals and humans. The present study was designed to examine the protective activity of Rutin (RT), a primary flavonoid from citrus fruits, green tea on 3-NP induced experimental model of HD in rats. Rats were pretreated with Rutin, a potent antioxidant (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) orally prior to the intraperitoneally (i.p.) administration of 3-NP (10 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days. Behavioral assessments were carried out on 5th, 10th and 15th day after 3-NP treatment. Body weight, biochemical and histological studies were analyzed on 15th day. Systemic administration of 3-NP significantly reduced the body weight, locomotor activities (Rota rod, Open field test), memory (Morris water maze) and antioxidants such as Glutathione (GSH) levels, activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Glutathione reductase (GR). 3-NP also produces striatal damage by increased the levels of lipid peroxides, nitrite, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and activity of Acetylcholine esterase (AchE). Thus, Rutin treatment of 25 and 50 mg/kg b.w. has significantly restored all the biochemical, behavioral and histological alterations caused by the 3-NP through its antioxidant activity. The findings of our study indicates that Rutin may have an important role in protecting the striatum from oxidative/nitrosative insults caused by 3-NP. These results suggest that RT might be a drug of choice to treat HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarumani Natarajan Suganya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600113, India
| | - Thangarajan Sumathi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600113, India.
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11
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Stavrovskaya AV, Voronkov DN, Yamshchikova NG, Ol’shanskiy AS, Khudoerkov RM, Illarioshkin SN. Experience of experimental modelling of Huntington’s disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0362119716080120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Becker T, Pasteels J, Weigel C, Dahse HM, Voigt K, Boland W. A tale of four kingdoms – isoxazolin-5-one- and 3-nitropropanoic acid-derived natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:343-360. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00122j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence, structural diversity, (bio-)synthesis, properties and detoxification mechanisms of isoxazolinone- and 3-nitropropanoic acid-derived natural compounds are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Becker
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Jacques Pasteels
- Department of Biology
- Université Libre de Bruxelles
- Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Christiane Weigel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- Hans Knoell Institute
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Dahse
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- Hans Knoell Institute
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- Hans Knoell Institute
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
- Jena
- Germany
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13
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Diphenyl diselenide supplementation in infected mice by Toxoplasma gondii: Protective effect on behavior, neuromodulation and oxidative stress caused by disease. Exp Parasitol 2016; 169:51-8. [PMID: 27472985 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous administration of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 on animal behavior and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), adenylate kinase (AK), and creatine kinase (CK) in the brain of mice infected by Toxoplasma gondii. In addition, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels and glutathione (GR, GPx and GST) activity were also evaluated. For the study, 40 female mice were divided into four groups of 10 animals each: group A (uninfected and untreated), group B (uninfected and treated with (PhSe)2), group C (infected and untreated) and group D (infected and treated with (PhSe)2). The mice were inoculated with 50 cysts of the ME49 strain of T. gondii. After infection the animals of the groups B and D were treated on days 1 and 20 post-infection (PI) with 5.0 μmol/kg of (PhSe)2 subcutaneously. Behavioral tests were conducted on days 29 PI to assess memory loss (object recognition), anxiety (elevated plus maze), locomotor and exploratory activity (Open Field) and it was found out that infected and untreated animals (group C) had developed anxiety and memory impairment, and the (PhSe)2 treatment did not reverse these behavioral changes on infected animals treated with (PhSe)2 (group D). The results showed an increase on AChE activity (P < 0.01) in the brain of infected and untreated animals (group C) compared to the uninfected and untreated animals (group A). The AK and CK activities decreased in infected and untreated animals (group C) compared to the uninfected and untreated animals (group A) (P < 0.01), however the (PhSe)2 treatment did not reverse these alterations. Infected and untreated animals (group C) showed increased TBARS levels and GR activity, and decreased GPx and GST activities when compared to uninfected and untreated animals (group A). Infected animals treated with (PhSe)2 (group D) decreased TBARS levels and GR activity, while increased GST activity when compared to infected and untreated animals (group C). It was concluded that (PhSe)2 showed antioxidant activity, but the dose used had no anti-inflammatory effect and failed to reverse the behavioral changes caused by the parasite.
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Hanna DMF, Tadros MG, Khalifa AE. ADIOL protects against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity in rats: Possible impact of its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 60:36-51. [PMID: 25689821 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a wide spectrum of cognitive, behavioral and motor abnormalities. The mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) effectively induces specific behavioral changes and selective striatal lesions similar to that observed in HD. Some neurosteroids, synthesized in neurons and glial cells, previously showed neuroprotective abilities. 5-Androstene-3β-17β-diol (ADIOL) is a major metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with previously reported anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities. The neuroprotective potential of ADIOL in HD was not previously investigated. Therefore, the present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of ADIOL against 3-NP-induced behavioral changes, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Intraperitoneal administration of 3-NP (20mg/kg) for 4 consecutive days in rats caused significant loss in body weight, reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response, locomotor hypoactivity with altered cortical/striatal histological structure, increased cortical/striatal oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Administration of ADIOL (25mg/kg, s.c.) for two days before 3-NP significantly attenuated the reduction in body weights and PPI, increased locomotor activity and restored cortical/striatal histological structure nearly to normal. Moreover, it displayed anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities as evidenced by the elevation of cortical and striatal reduced glutathione levels, reductions of cortical and striatal malondialdehyde, striatal tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels. Only a small number of iNOS and caspase-3 positive cells were detected in sections from rats pretreated with ADIOL. This study suggests a potential neuroprotective role of ADIOL against 3-NP-induced Huntington's disease-like manifestations. Such neuroprotection can be attributed to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M F Hanna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amani E Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Stefanova N, Wenning GK. Animal models of multiple system atrophy. Clin Auton Res 2015; 25:9-17. [PMID: 25585910 PMCID: PMC4412689 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-014-0266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since their introduction in 1996, animal models of multiple system atrophy (MSA) have generated important insights into pathogenesis and interventional therapies. Toxin and genetic approaches have been used alone or in combination to replicate progressive motor and non-motor symptoms reflecting human neuropathology. Here, we review these developments and discuss the advantages and limitations of the MSA animal models, as well as their application in preclinical target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria,
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16
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4-hydroxy tempo improves mitochondrial and neurobehavioral deficits in experimental model of Huntington's disease. Synapse 2015; 69:128-38. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Krismer F, Kuzdas D, Colosimo C, Stefanova N, Wenning GK. Animal Models of Multiple-System Atrophy. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Choudhary S, Kumar P, Malik J. Plants and phytochemicals for Huntington's disease. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 7:81-91. [PMID: 24347915 PMCID: PMC3841999 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, including chorea and dystonia, emotional disturbances, memory, and weight loss. The medium spiny neurons of striatum and cortex are mainly effected in HD. Various hypotheses, including molecular genetics, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, metabolic dysfunction, and mitochondrial impairment have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Despite no treatment is available to fully stop the progression of the disease, there are treatments available to help control the chorea. The present review deals with brief pathophysiology of the disease, plants and phytochemicals that have shown beneficial effects against HD like symptoms. The literature for the current review was collected using various databases such as Science direct, Pubmed, Scopus, Sci-finder, Google Scholar, and Cochrane database with a defined search strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayna Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Jai Malik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Thangarajan S, Deivasigamani A, Natarajan SS, Krishnan P, Mohanan SK. Neuroprotective activity ofL-theanine on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rat striatum. Int J Neurosci 2014; 124:673-84. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.872642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Characterization of bovine ruminal and equine cecal microbial populations enriched for enhanced nitro-toxin metabolizing activity. Anaerobe 2014; 26:7-13. [PMID: 24374155 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nitrotoxins 3-nitro-1-propionic acid (NPA) and 3-nitro-1-propanol (NPOH) are produced by a wide variety of leguminous plants, including over 150 different species and varieties of Astragalus potentially grazed by livestock. These toxins are known to be detoxified by at least one ruminal bacterium but detoxification by bacteria from other gut habitats is not known. In the present study, mixed populations of bovine ruminal and equine cecal microbes were enriched for NPA-metabolizing bacteria via consecutive 24-72 h culture in a basal minimal rumen fluid-based medium supplemented with 4.2 mM NPA and H₂ as the energy source. Rates of NPA metabolism by the respective populations increased from 58.4 ± 4.8 and 8.6 ± 11.6 nmol NPA/mL per h during initial culture to 88.9 ± 30.6 and 50.2 ± 30.9 nmol NPA/mL per h following enrichment. Results from 3-tube most probable number tests indicated that numbers of NPA-degrading microbes increased 2.1 and 1.8 log₁₀ units during enrichment from numbers measured pre-enrichment (3.9 × 10³ and 4.3 × 10¹ cells/mL for ruminal and equine cecal populations, respectively). Hydrogen, formate, and to a lesser extent, DL-lactic acid, served as electron donors to the enriched populations and CO₂ or formate were needed to maintain high rates of NPA-metabolism. The NPA-enriched populations were able to metabolize nitrate which, being a preferred electron acceptor, was antagonistic to NPA metabolism. Supplemental NPA was inhibitory to methanogenesis. Fermentation balance estimates indicated that only 47.6% of carbon available in potential substrates was recovered in headspace CO₂, volatile fatty acids or unmetabolized NPA after 72 h incubation of NPA-enriched populations that had metabolized 98% of 8.4 mM added NPA. Overall, these results reveal low level carriage of NPA-metabolizing, CO₂ or formate-requiring bacterial populations in the equine cecum yet support the concept that Denitrobacterium detoxificans-like organisms may well be the functional agents of NPA and NPOH detoxification in the populations studied here.
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Sandhir R, Yadav A, Mehrotra A, Sunkaria A, Singh A, Sharma S. Curcumin nanoparticles attenuate neurochemical and neurobehavioral deficits in experimental model of Huntington's disease. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 16:106-18. [PMID: 24008671 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Till date, an exact causative pathway responsible for neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD) remains elusive; however, mitochondrial dysfunction appears to play an important role in HD pathogenesis. Therefore, strategies to attenuate mitochondrial impairments could provide a potential therapeutic intervention. In the present study, we used curcumin encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles (C-SLNs) to ameliorate 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced HD in rats. Results of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) staining of striatum revealed a marked decrease in Complex II activity. However, C-SLN-treated animals showed significant increase in the activity of mitochondrial complexes and cytochrome levels. C-SLNs also restored the glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, significant reduction in mitochondrial swelling, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and reactive oxygen species was observed in rats treated with C-SLNs. Quantitative PCR and Western blot results revealed the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 antioxidant pathway after C-SLNs administration in 3-NP-treated animals. In addition, C-SLN-treated rats showed significant improvement in neuromotor coordination when compared with 3-NP-treated rats. Thus, the results of this study suggest that C-SLNs administration might be a promising therapeutic intervention to ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunctions in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India,
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22
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Lanju X, Jing X, Shichang L, Zhuo Y. Induction of apoptosis by antimycin A in differentiated PC12 cell line. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:651-7. [PMID: 23868660 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lanju
- College of Medicine; Tianjin 300060 China
- CSPC The Institute of Pharmaceutical Research Shijiazhuang; Hebei 050051 China
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Medicine; Tianjin 300060 China
| | - Liu Shichang
- College of Medicine; Tianjin 300060 China
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Yang Zhuo
- College of Medicine; Tianjin 300060 China
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Herrera-Mundo N, Sitges M. Vinpocetine and α-tocopherol prevent the increase in DA and oxidative stress induced by 3-NPA in striatum isolated nerve endings. J Neurochem 2012; 124:233-40. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Herrera-Mundo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
| | - María Sitges
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
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Zou J, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Poe D, Zhai S, Yang S, Pyykkö I. Mitochondria toxin-induced acute cochlear cell death indicates cellular activity-correlated energy consumption. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012. [PMID: 23179932 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The different cell types within the cochlea may have a specific contribution to the pathological changes during metabolism failure, which may provide clues for developing novel strategies for inner ear therapy. In order to evaluate activity-correlated cell death during metabolism failure in the cochlea, 3-nitropropionic acid was used to irreversibly inhibit the respiratory chain. Dose-response of the cochlear cells to 3-nitropropionic acid was analyzed in vitro. 3-Nitropropionic acid was administered onto the round window of guinea pigs. Cell death was identified by terminal transferase labeling the free 3'OH breaks in the DNA strands in vivo and propidium iodide nuclear permeation in vitro. As a result, 23.6 and 96.3 % cell death were induced by 10 and 100 mM 3-nitropropionic acid, respectively, in vitro. In the guinea pigs, 500 mM 3-nitropropionic acid induced vestibular dysfunction and severe to profound hearing losses. The cells that are the most sensitive to 3-nitropropionic acid treatment include the stria marginal and intermediate cells, epithelial cells of the Reissner's membrane, and spiral ligament fibrocytes (types II and V). Moderate sensitive cells were satellite fibrocytes of the spiral limbic central zone, osteocytes of the cochlear shell, hair cells, and spiral ganglion cells. Reduction of neurofilament in the soma and periphery processes of spiral ganglion cells occurred after the exposure. These results may be relevant to the mechanisms of injury in sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss and hazardous substance exposure-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Bode N, Massey C, Gonzalez-Alegre P. DYT1 knock-in mice are not sensitized against mitochondrial complex-II inhibition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42644. [PMID: 22880064 PMCID: PMC3411799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DYT1 is caused by a partly penetrant dominant mutation in TOR1A that leads to a glutamic acid deletion (ΔE) in torsinA. Identifying environmental factors that modulate disease pathogenesis and penetrance could help design therapeutic strategies for dystonia. Several cell-based studies suggest that expression of torsinA(ΔE) increases the susceptibility of neuronal cells to challenges to their oxidative/energy metabolism. Based on those reports, we hypothesized that mice expressing torsinA(ΔE) would be more susceptible than control littermates to the effects of oxidative stress and ATP deficits caused by disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in neurons. To test this hypothesis, we administered 20 or 50 mg/kg/day of the irreversible complex-II inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) intraperitoneally for 15 consecutive days to young heterozygote DYT1 knock-in (KI) mice and wild type littermates. Repeated phenotypic assessments were performed at baseline, during and after the injections. Animals were then sacrificed and their brains processed for protein analysis. The administration of 20 mg/kg 3-NP led to increased levels of torsinA in the striatum, the main target of 3-NP, but did not cause motor dysfunction in DYT1 KI or control mice. The administration of 50 mg/kg/day of 3-NP caused the death of ∼40% of wild type animals. Interestingly, DYT1 KI animals showed significantly reduced mortality. Surviving animals exhibited abnormal motor behavior during and right after the injection period, but recovered by 4 weeks postinjection independent of genotype. In contrast to the findings reported in cultured cells, these studies suggest the DYT1 mutation does not sensitize central neurons against the toxic effects of oxidative stress and energy deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bode
- Department of Neurology, Roy J and Lucille Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Cory Massey
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Department of Neurology, Roy J and Lucille Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Shen M, Lin F, Zhang J, Tang Y, Chen WK, Liu H. Involvement of the up-regulated FoxO1 expression in follicular granulosa cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25727-40. [PMID: 22669940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.349902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular atresia is common in female mammalian ovaries, where most follicles undergo degeneration at any stage of growth and development. Oxidative stress gives rise to triggering granulosa cell apoptosis, which has been suggested as a major cause of follicular atresia. However, the underlying mechanism by which the oxidative stress induces follicular atresia remains unclear. FoxO transcription factors are known as critical mediators in the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this study, the involvement of FoxO1 in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of mouse follicular granulosa cells (MGCs) was investigated in vivo and in vitro. It was observed that increased apoptotic signals correlated with elevated expression of FoxO1 in MGCs when mice were treated with the oxidant. Correspondingly, the expressions of FoxO1 target genes, such as proapoptotic genes and antioxidative genes, were also up-regulated. In primary cultured MGCs, treatment with H(2)O(2) led to FoxO1 nuclear translocation. Further studies with overexpression and knockdown of FoxO1 demonstrated the critical role of FoxO1 in the induction of MGC apoptosis by oxidative stress. Finally, inactivation of FoxO1 by insulin treatment confirmed that FoxO1 induced by oxidative stress played a pivotal role in up-regulating the expression of downstream apoptosis-related genes in MGCs. Our results suggest that up-regulation of FoxO1 by oxidative stress leads to apoptosis of granulosa cells, which eventually results in follicular atresia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Mahdy HM, Tadros MG, Mohamed MR, Karim AM, Khalifa AE. The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:770-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kumar P, Kalonia H, Kumar A. Novel protective mechanisms of antidepressants against 3-nitropropionic acid induced Huntington's-like symptoms: a comparative study. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:1399-411. [PMID: 20305041 DOI: 10.1177/0269881110364269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of neurons in the striatum, cortex and other parts of the brain, causing motor and cognitive dysfunction. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a well-known mycotoxin that significantly induces motor dysfunction in animals. Studies suggested the involvement of oxidative stress and nitric oxide mechanisms in HD pathogenesis. Clinical reports have also indicated the neuroprotective potential of antidepressants. Therefore, the present study has been designed to elucidate and compare the mechanistic role of different antidepressants (sertraline, venlafaxine, imipramine and trazodone) and their interaction with nitric oxide modulators if any, against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity. Systemic 3-NP (10 mg/kg) administration for 14 days significantly reduced locomotor activity, body weight, motor coordination, oxidative defense and impaired mitochondrial complex enzyme activities in the striatum. Sertraline, venlafaxine, imipramine and trazodone treatments significantly improved behavioral, oxidative defense and mitochondrial complex enzyme activities as compared with the 3-NP-treated group. Systemic L-arginine (50 mg/kg) pretreatment with sub-effective dose of sertraline (10 mg/kg), venlafaxine (10 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) and trazodone (10 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly attenuated their protective effect. Similarly, L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 mg/kg) pretreatment with sub-effective dose of sertraline (10 mg/kg), venlafaxine (10 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) and trazodone (10 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly potentiated their protective effects which were significant as compared with their effect alone, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that a nitric oxide mechanism might be involved in their protective effect against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Sandhir R, Mehrotra A, Kamboj SS. Lycopene prevents 3-nitropropionic acid-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunctions in nervous system. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:579-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Crawford CA, Akopian G, Ring J, Jakowec MW, Petzinger GM, Andersen JK, Vittozzi-Wong P, Wang K, Farley CM, Charntikov S, Mitroi D, Beal MF, Chow R, Walsh JP. Acute and long-term response of dopamine nigrostriatal synapses to a single, low-dose episode of 3-nitropropionic acid-mediated chemical hypoxia. Synapse 2010; 65:339-50. [PMID: 20730800 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present investigation was to determine the persistence of striatal (DA) dopaminergic dysfunction after a mild chemically induced hypoxic event in Fisher 344 rats. To this end, we gave a single injection of the mitochondrial complex II inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP; 16.5 mg/kg, i.p.) to 2-month old male F344 rats and measured various indices of striatal DA functioning and lipid peroxidation over a 3-month span. Separate groups of rats were used to measure rod walking, evoked DA release, DA content, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, DA receptor binding, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity. The results showed that 3-NP exposure reduced most measures of DA functioning including motoric ability, DA release, and D(2) receptor densities for 1 to 3 months postdrug administration. Interestingly, DA content was reduced 1 week after 3-NP exposure, but rose to 147% of control values 1 month after 3-NP treatment. MDA accumulation, a measure of lipid peroxidation activity, was increased 24 h and 1 month after 3-NP treatment. 3-NP did not affect TH activity, suggesting that alterations in DA functioning were not the result of nigrostriatal terminal loss. These data demonstrate that a brief mild hypoxic episode caused by 3-NP exposure has long-term detrimental effects on the functioning of the nigrostriatal DA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Crawford
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407, USA.
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Nitric oxide mechanism in the protective effect of antidepressants against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced cognitive deficit, glutathione and mitochondrial alterations in animal model of Huntington's disease. Behav Pharmacol 2010; 21:217-30. [PMID: 20480544 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e32833a5bf4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), a basal ganglia disorder, is characterized not only by a spectrum of motor deficits, but also by emotional, cognitive and psychiatric manifestations. Cognitive impairment is one of the serious manifestations of this disease in the later stage of life. Although there is currently no cure for HD, there has been a surge of clinical trials involving patients with HD over the past 5 years. However, cognitive measures have generally been lacking from these trials. The beneficial effect of antidepressants in HD has been suggested in recent clinical trials. However, their mechanism of action is still not clear. Therefore, this study was designed to elucidate and compare the mechanistic role of different classes of antidepressants (sertraline, venlafaxine, imipramine and trazodone) against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced cognitive impairment, oxidative stress (glutathione) and mitochondrial dysfunction in rat hippocampus. Systemic treatment with 3-NP (10 mg/kg for 14 days) significantly impaired memory performance (both in the Morris water maze and elevated plus maze escape retention test), oxidative defence (glutathione redox status) and mitochondrial enzyme complex activities in rat hippocampus. Sertraline, venlafaxine, imipramine and trazodone treatments significantly improved performance in both cognitive tasks and glutathione redox status, and restored mitochondrial enzyme complex activities, as compared with the 3-NP treated group. L-arginine (50 mg/kg) pretreatment for 14 days together with a subeffective dose of sertraline (10 mg/kg), venlafaxine (10 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) or trazodone (10 mg/kg) partially attenuated their protective effects. Further, G-nitro-L-Arginine-Methyl Ester (10 mg/kg) pretreatment together with subeffective dose of sertraline (10 mg/kg), venlafaxine (10 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) and trazodone (10 mg/kg) significantly enhanced their efficacy. The results of this study suggest that nitric oxide modulation is involved in their protective effect of antidepressants against 3-NP induced cognitive dysfunction in rats.
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Wu CL, Hwang CS, Chen SD, Yin JH, Yang DI. Neuroprotective mechanisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor against 3-nitropropionic acid toxicity: therapeutic implications for Huntington's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1201:8-12. [PMID: 20649532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is an irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase that has been used to explore the molecular mechanisms of cell death associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration for Huntington's disease (HD). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that may regulate neuronal survival and differentiation. Experimental evidence derived from both clinical as well as basic research suggests a close association between BDNF deficiency and HD pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the molecular mechanisms responsible for the BDNF-mediated neuroprotective effects against mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 3-NP. Delineation of BDNF-mediated neuroprotective actions against 3-NP toxicity may add in the development of therapeutic intervention for HD where mitochondrial dysfunction is known to play a crucial role in pathogenesis of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Wu
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Herrera-Mundo N, Sitges M. Mechanisms underlying striatal vulnerability to 3-nitropropionic acid. J Neurochem 2010; 114:597-605. [PMID: 20477912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The striatum is a cerebral structure particularly susceptible to the metabolic challenge exerted by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), a toxin that inhibits the respiratory chain at complex II. The striatum, which receives the nerve endings of the nigro-striatal pathway, concentrates the largest amount of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine or dopamine (DA) in the brain. DA is metabolized to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) by monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that contains a redox-active disulfide in the active site. In striatum isolated nerve endings exposed to 3-NPA in vitro, DA increased and DOPAC decreased already after 10 min, and after 2 h also an increase in reactive oxygen species and DA-quinone products formation was detected. These 3-NPA-induced effects resulted in an increase in DA release after 2 h. In striatum homogenates from animals presenting motor disturbances in response to 3-NPA in vivo, the DA metabolites homovanillic acid and DOPAC were increased. It is concluded that in the striatum nerve endings where DA is particularly concentrated, the increase in reactive oxygen species induced by 3-NPA, oxidizes DA generating DA-quinones. These DA-quinones may form adducts with the active site of MAO type A reducing its activity. The DA not metabolized to DOPAC is both, used to unchain generation of more of the harmful DA-oxidation products and released to the external medium, where is metabolized by the non-neuronal enzymes MAO type B and catechol-O-methyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Herrera-Mundo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
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Kim DY, Vallejo J, Rho JM. Ketones prevent synaptic dysfunction induced by mitochondrial respiratory complex inhibitors. J Neurochem 2010; 114:130-41. [PMID: 20374433 PMCID: PMC3532617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ketones have previously shown beneficial effects in models of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly against associated mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment. However, evidence of a synaptic protective effect of ketones remains lacking. We tested the effects of ketones on synaptic impairment induced by mitochondrial respiratory complex (MRC) inhibitors using electrophysiological, reactive oxygen species (ROS) imaging and biochemical techniques. MRC inhibitors dose-dependently suppressed both population spike (PS) and field potential amplitudes in the CA1 hippocampus. Pre-treatment with ketones strongly prevented changes in the PS, whereas partial protection was seen in the field potential. Rotenone (Rot; 100 nmol/L), a MRC I inhibitor, suppressed synaptic function without altering ROS levels and PS depression by Rot was unaffected by antioxidants. In contrast, antioxidant-induced PS recovery against the MRC II inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP; 1 mmol/L) was similar to the synaptic protective effects of ketones. Ketones also suppressed ROS generation induced by 3-NP. Finally, ketones reversed the decreases in ATP levels caused by Rot and 3-NP. In summary, our data demonstrate that ketones can preserve synaptic function in CA1 hippocampus induced by MRC dysfunction, likely through an antioxidant action and enhanced ATP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Kim
- Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph's Hospital & Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.
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Túnez I, Tasset I, Pérez-De La Cruz V, Santamaría A. 3-Nitropropionic acid as a tool to study the mechanisms involved in Huntington's disease: past, present and future. Molecules 2010; 15:878-916. [PMID: 20335954 PMCID: PMC6263191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15020878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inheritable autosomal-dominant disorder whose causal mechanisms remain unknown. Experimental models have begun to uncover these pathways, thus helping to understand the mechanisms implicated and allowing for the characterization of potential targets for new therapeutic strategies. 3-Nitropropionic acid is known to produce in animals behavioural, biochemical and morphologic changes similar to those occurring in HD. For this reason, this phenotypic model is gaining attention as a valuable tool to mimick this disorder and further developing new therapies. In this review, we will focus on the past and present research of this molecule, to finally bring a perspective on what will be next in this promising field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Túnez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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Elinos-Calderón D, Robledo-Arratia Y, Pérez-De La Cruz V, Maldonado PD, Galván-Arzate S, Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Santamaría A. Antioxidant strategy to rescue synaptosomes from oxidative damage and energy failure in neurotoxic models in rats: protective role of S-allylcysteine. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 117:35-44. [PMID: 19866339 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The functional preservation of nerve endings since the early stages of toxicity in a given damaging insult-either acute or chronic-by means of antioxidant and neuroprotective agents is a primary need to design therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders, with particular emphasis on those diseases with excitotoxic and depleted energy metabolism components. S-allylcysteine (SAC), a well-known antioxidant agent, was tested as a post-treatment in different in vitro and in vivo neurotoxic models. Quinolinic acid (QUIN) was used as a typical excitotoxic/pro-oxidant inducer, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) was employed as a mitochondrial function inhibitor, and their combination (QUIN + 3-NP) was also evaluated in in vitro studies. For in vitro purposes, increasing concentrations of SAC (10-100 microM) were added to isolated brain synaptosomes at different times (1, 3 and 6 h) after the incubation with toxins (100 microM QUIN, 1 mM 3-NP or the combination of QUIN (21 microM) + 3-NP (166 microM). Thirty minutes later, lipid peroxidation (LP) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) were evaluated. For in vivo studies, SAC (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was given to QUIN- or 3-NP-striatally lesioned rats for 7 consecutive days (starting 120 min post-lesion). LP and MD were evaluated 7 days post-lesion in isolated striatal synaptosomes. Circling behavior was also assessed. Our results describe a differential pattern of protection achieved by SAC, mostly expressed in the 3-NP toxic model, in which nerve ending protection was found within the first hours (1 and 3) after the toxic insult started, supporting the concept that the ongoing oxidative damage and energy depletion can be treated during the first stages of neurotoxic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Elinos-Calderón
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, CP 14269, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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Kumar P, Kalonia H, Kumar A. Lycopene modulates nitric oxide pathways against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity. Life Sci 2009; 85:711-8. [PMID: 19822156 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study has been designed to investigate the involvement of the nitric oxide mechanism in the protective effect of lycopene against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease-like symptoms in rats. MAIN METHODS The present experimental protocol design includes systemic 3-nitropropionic acid (10mg/kg i.p) treatment for 14 days. Lycopene (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) was given orally, once a day, 1h before 3-nitropropionic acid treatment for 14 days. Body weight and behavioral parameters (locomotor and rotarod activity) were assessed on 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th day post-3-nitropropionic acid administration. Malondialdehyde, nitrite concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were measured on the 15th day in the striatum, cortex and hippocampus. Mitochondrial enzyme complexes were also assessed in these brain areas. Systemic 3-nitropropionic acid treatment significantly reduced body weight, locomotor activity and oxidative defense. The mitochondrial enzyme activities were also significantly impaired in the examined brain regions in 3-nitropropionic acid-treated animals. KEY FINDINGS Lycopene (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) treatment significantly attenuated the impairment in behavioral, biochemical and mitochondrial enzyme activities as compared to the 3-nitropropionic acid-treated group. l-arginine (50mg/kg) pretreatment with a sub-effective dose of lycopene (5mg/kg) significantly attenuated the protective effect of lycopene. Furthermore, L-NAME (10mg/kg) pretreatment with a sub-effective dose of lycopene (5mg/kg) for 14 days significantly potentiated the protective effect. SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study suggest that the nitric oxide modulation is involved in the protective effect of lycopene against 3-NP-induced behavioral, biochemical and cellular alterations in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Sagredo O, González S, Aroyo I, Pazos MR, Benito C, Lastres-Becker I, Romero JP, Tolón RM, Mechoulam R, Brouillet E, Romero J, Fernández-Ruiz J. Cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonists protect the striatum against malonate toxicity: relevance for Huntington's disease. Glia 2009; 57:1154-67. [PMID: 19115380 PMCID: PMC2706932 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid agonists might serve as neuroprotective agents in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we examined this hypothesis in a rat model of Huntington's disease (HD) generated by intrastriatal injection of the mitochondrial complex II inhibitor malonate. Our results showed that only compounds able to activate CB2 receptors were capable of protecting striatal projection neurons from malonate-induced death. That CB2 receptor agonists are neuroprotective was confirmed by using the selective CB2 receptor antagonist, SR144528, and by the observation that mice deficient in CB2 receptor were more sensitive to malonate than wild-type animals. CB2 receptors are scarce in the striatum in healthy conditions, but they are markedly upregulated after the lesion with malonate. Studies of double immunostaining revealed a significant presence of CB2 receptors in cells labeled with the marker of reactive microglia OX-42, and also in cells labeled with GFAP (a marker of astrocytes). We further showed that the activation of CB2 receptors significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) that had been increased by the lesion with malonate. In summary, our results demonstrate that stimulation of CB2 receptors protect the striatum against malonate toxicity, likely through a mechanism involving glial cells, in particular reactive microglial cells in which CB2 receptors would be upregulated in response to the lesion. Activation of these receptors would reduce the generation of proinflammatory molecules like TNF-alpha. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that CB2 receptors could constitute a therapeutic target to slowdown neurodegeneration in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onintza Sagredo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilia Aroyo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ruth Pazos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Benito
- Laboratorio de Investigación and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Fundación Hospital Alcorcón, 28922-Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan P. Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigación and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Fundación Hospital Alcorcón, 28922-Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Tolón
- Laboratorio de Investigación and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Fundación Hospital Alcorcón, 28922-Madrid, Spain
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Neuronal Death Group, URA CEA-CNRS 2210, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, DRM, DSV, CEA, 91401-Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Julián Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigación and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Fundación Hospital Alcorcón, 28922-Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Kumar P, Kumar A. Protective effect of rivastigmine against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease like symptoms: Possible behavioural, biochemical and cellular alterations. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 615:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rodríguez-Martínez E, Rugerio-Vargas C, Rodríguez AI, Borgonio-Pérez G, Rivas-Arancibia S. ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF TAURINE, VITAMIN C, AND VITAMIN E ON OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN HIPPOCAMPUS CAUSED BY THE ADMINISTRATION OF 3-NITROPROPIONIC ACID IN RATS. Int J Neurosci 2009; 114:1133-45. [PMID: 15370179 DOI: 10.1080/00207450490475959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The administration of 3-nitropropionic acid increases reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant defense mechanisms buffer these ROS converting them into non-damaging compounds. Taurine and vitamins C and E are antioxidants that play a role in the defense against cellular damage. This study examines the antioxidant effect of taurine, vitamin C, and vitamin E on acute hippocampal damage caused by 3-NP. Animals treated with 3-NP increased lipid peroxidation levels and astrocytic damage in the hippocampus. Administration of taurine, vitamin C, and vitamin E partially protected from oxidative damage, indicate that while all substances had antioxidant effects, only taurine showed morphological protection in surviving cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rodríguez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma, de México, Mexico
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42
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Elinos-Calderón D, Robledo-Arratia Y, Pérez-De La Cruz V, Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Ali SF, Santamaría A. Early nerve ending rescue from oxidative damage and energy failure by l-carnitine as post-treatment in two neurotoxic models in rat: recovery of antioxidant and reductive capacities. Exp Brain Res 2009; 197:287-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-009-1913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zemlyak I, Sapolsky R, Gozes I. NAP protects against cyanide-related microtubule destruction. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:1411-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kvam E, Nannenga BL, Wang MS, Jia Z, Sierks MR, Messer A. Conformational targeting of fibrillar polyglutamine proteins in live cells escalates aggregation and cytotoxicity. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5727. [PMID: 19492089 PMCID: PMC2683928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misfolding- and aggregation-prone proteins underlying Parkinson's, Huntington's and Machado-Joseph diseases, namely alpha-synuclein, huntingtin, and ataxin-3 respectively, adopt numerous intracellular conformations during pathogenesis, including globular intermediates and insoluble amyloid-like fibrils. Such conformational diversity has complicated research into amyloid-associated intracellular dysfunction and neurodegeneration. To this end, recombinant single-chain Fv antibodies (scFvs) are compelling molecular tools that can be selected against specific protein conformations, and expressed inside cells as intrabodies, for investigative and therapeutic purposes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and live-cell fluorescence microscopy, we report that a human scFv selected against the fibrillar form of alpha-synuclein targets isomorphic conformations of misfolded polyglutamine proteins. When expressed in the cytoplasm of striatal cells, this conformation-specific intrabody co-localizes with intracellular aggregates of misfolded ataxin-3 and a pathological fragment of huntingtin, and enhances the aggregation propensity of both disease-linked polyglutamine proteins. Using this intrabody as a tool for modulating the kinetics of amyloidogenesis, we show that escalating aggregate formation of a pathologic huntingtin fragment is not cytoprotective in striatal cells, but rather heightens oxidative stress and cell death as detected by flow cytometry. Instead, cellular protection is achieved by suppressing aggregation using a previously described intrabody that binds to the amyloidogenic N-terminus of huntingtin. Analogous cytotoxic results are observed following conformational targeting of normal or polyglutamine-expanded human ataxin-3, which partially aggregate through non-polyglutamine domains. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings validate that the rate of aggregation modulates polyglutamine-mediated intracellular dysfunction, and caution that molecules designed to specifically hasten aggregation may be detrimental as therapies for polyglutamine disorders. Moreover, our findings introduce a novel antibody-based tool that, as a consequence of its general specificity for fibrillar conformations and its ability to function intracellularly, offers broad research potential for a variety of human amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kvam
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Brent L. Nannenga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Min S. Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Zongjian Jia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Sierks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Anne Messer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
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Márquez-Valadez B, Lugo-Huitrón R, Valdivia-Cerda V, Miranda-Ramírez LR, Pérez-De La Cruz V, González-Cuahutencos O, Rivero-Cruz I, Mata R, Santamaría A, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. The natural xanthone alpha-mangostin reduces oxidative damage in rat brain tissue. Nutr Neurosci 2009; 12:35-42. [PMID: 19178790 DOI: 10.1179/147683009x388850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The antiperoxidative properties of alpha-mangostin, a xanthone isolated from mangosteen fruit, were tested for the first time in nerve tissue exposed to different toxic insults. Two reliable biological preparations (rat brain homogenates and synaptosomal P2 fractions) were exposed to the toxic actions of a free radical generator (ferrous sulfate), an excitotoxic agent (quinolinate), and a mitochondrial toxin (3-nitropropionate). alpha-Mangostin decreased the lipoperoxidative action of FeSO(4) in both preparations in a concentration-dependent manner, and completely abolished the peroxidative effects of quinolinate, 3-nitropropionate and FeSO(4) + quinolinate at all concentrations tested. Interestingly, when tested alone in brain homogenates, alpha-mangostin significantly decreased the lipoperoxidation even below basal levels. alpha-Mangostin also prevented the decreased reductant capacity of mitochondria in synaptosomal fractions. Our results suggest that alpha-mangostin exerts a robust antiperoxidative effect in brain tissue preparations probably through its properties as a free radical scavenger. In light of these findings, this antioxidant should be tested in other neurotoxic models involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Márquez-Valadez
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur México DF, Mexico
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Nicholls DG. Mitochondrial calcium function and dysfunction in the central nervous system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:1416-24. [PMID: 19298790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of isolated brain mitochondria to accumulate, store and release calcium has been extensively characterized. Extrapolation to the intact neuron led to predictions that the in situ mitochondria would reversibly accumulate Ca(2+) when the concentration of the cation in the vicinity of the mitochondria rose above the 'set-point' at which uptake and efflux were in balance, storing Ca(2+) as a complex with phosphate, and slowly releasing the cation when plasma membrane ion pumps lowered the cytoplasmic free Ca(2+). Excessive accumulation of the cation was predicted to lead to activation of the permeability transition, with catastrophic consequences for the neuron. Each of these predictions has been confirmed with intact neurons, and there is convincing evidence for the permeability transition in cellular Ca(2+) overload associated with glutamate excitotoxicity and stroke, while the neurodegenerative disease in which possible defects in mitochondrial Ca(2+) handling have been most intensively investigated is Huntington's Disease. In this brief review evidence that mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport is relevant to neuronal survival in these conditions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Nicholls
- Buck Institute for Age Research, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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Garcia E, Limon D, Perez-De La Cruz V, Giordano M, Diaz-Muñoz M, Maldonado PD, Herrera-Mundo MN, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Santamaria A. Lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurochemical and behavioural deficits in different neurotoxic models: protective role of S-allylcysteine. Free Radic Res 2008; 42:892-902. [PMID: 18985488 DOI: 10.1080/10715760802506356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence on the protective properties of S-allylcysteine (SAC) was collected from three models exerting striatal toxicity. In the first model, SAC (120 mg kg(-1)x5) prevented lipoperoxidation (LP) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) in synaptosomal fractions from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridinium-treated mice (30 mg kg(-1)), but without complete restoration of dopamine levels. In the second model, SAC (300 mg kg(-1)x 3), prevented LP and MD in synaptosomes from rats infused with 6-hydroxydopamine (8 microg microl(-1)) into the substantia nigra pars compacta, but again, without total reversion of depleted dopamine levels. In the third model, SAC (100 mg kg(-1)x 1) prevented MD in synaptosomes from rats injected with 3-nitropropionic acid (10 mg kg(-1)), but in contrast to the other models, it failed to prevent LP. SAC also prevented the aberrant motor activity patterns evoked by the three toxins. Altogether, the results suggest that the antioxidant properties of SAC are responsible for partial or total preservation of neurochemical, biochemical and behavioural markers, indicating that pro-oxidant reactions underlie the neurotoxicity in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Garcia
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel VelascoSuárez, SSA, México DF, México
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Guzmán-Beltrán S, Espada S, Orozco-Ibarra M, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cuadrado A. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid activates the antioxidant pathway Nrf2/HO-1 and protects cerebellar granule neurons against oxidative stress. Neurosci Lett 2008; 447:167-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Application of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from human adipose tissue for compensation of neurological deficiency induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2008; 145:514-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-008-0131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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VIRMANI ASHRAF, GAETANI FRANCO, BINIENDA ZBIGNIEW. Effects of Metabolic Modifiers Such as Carnitines, Coenzyme Q10, and PUFAs against Different Forms of Neurotoxic Insults: Metabolic Inhibitors, MPTP, and Methamphetamine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2005.tb00024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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