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Lyu J, Nagarajan R, Kambali M, Wang M, Rudolph U. Selective inhibition of somatostatin-positive dentate hilar interneurons induces age-related cellular changes and cognitive dysfunction. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad134. [PMID: 37168673 PMCID: PMC10165806 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The cellular basis of age-related impairments of hippocampal function is not fully understood. In order to evaluate the role of somatostatin-positive (Sst+) interneurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) hilus in this process, we chemogenetically inhibited Sst+ interneurons in the DG hilus. Chronic chemogenetic inhibition (CCI) of these neurons resulted in increased c-Fos staining in the DG hilus, a decrease in the percentage of GAD67- and of Sst-expressing interneurons in the DG, and increased microglial activation in DG, CA3, and CA1. Total dendritic length and spine density were reduced in DG and CA1, suggesting reduced dendritic complexity. Behaviorally, the recognition index in an object recognition task and the percentage of spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze were decreased, while in both initial and reversal learning in the Morris water maze, the latencies to find the hidden platform were increased, suggesting cognitive dysfunction. Our findings establish a causal role for a reduced function of Sst+ interneurons in the DG hilus for cognitive decline and suggest that this reduced function may contribute to age-related impairments of learning and memory. Furthermore, our CCI mice may represent a cellularly defined model of hippocampal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Lyu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802-6178, USA
- Neuroscience Program, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802-6178, USA
| | - Rajasekar Nagarajan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802-6178, USA
| | - Maltesh Kambali
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802-6178, USA
| | - Muxiao Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802-6178, USA
- Neuroscience Program, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802-6178, USA
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Xu P, Huang X, Niu W, Yu D, Zhou M, Wang H. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 upregulation of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 3 expression ameliorates cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury in mice. Brain Res Bull 2022; 183:104-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Najm R, Jones EA, Huang Y. Apolipoprotein E4, inhibitory network dysfunction, and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:24. [PMID: 31186040 PMCID: PMC6558779 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), increasing risk and decreasing age of disease onset. Many studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of apoE4 in varying cellular contexts. However, the underlying mechanisms explaining how apoE4 leads to cognitive decline are not fully understood. Recently, the combination of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) modeling of neurological diseases in vitro and electrophysiological studies in vivo have begun to unravel the intersection between apoE4, neuronal subtype dysfunction or loss, subsequent network deficits, and eventual cognitive decline. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature describing apoE4’s detrimental effects in the central nervous system (CNS), specifically focusing on its contribution to neuronal subtype dysfunction or loss. We focus on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-expressing interneurons in the hippocampus, which are selectively vulnerable to apoE4-mediated neurotoxicity. Additionally, we discuss the importance of the GABAergic inhibitory network to proper cognitive function and how dysfunction of this network manifests in AD. Finally, we examine how apoE4-mediated GABAergic interneuron loss can lead to inhibitory network deficits and how this deficit results in cognitive decline. We propose the following working model: Aging and/or stress induces neuronal expression of apoE. GABAergic interneurons are selectively vulnerable to intracellularly produced apoE4, through a tau dependent mechanism, which leads to their dysfunction and eventual death. In turn, GABAergic interneuron loss causes hyperexcitability and dysregulation of neural networks in the hippocampus and cortex. This dysfunction results in learning, memory, and other cognitive deficits that are the central features of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey Najm
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Emily A Jones
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Ciarlone SL, Grieco JC, D'Agostino DP, Weeber EJ. Ketone ester supplementation attenuates seizure activity, and improves behavior and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in an Angelman syndrome mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 96:38-46. [PMID: 27546058 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic and neurological disorder presenting with seizures, developmental delay, ataxia, and lack of speech. Previous studies have indicated that oxidative stress-dependent metabolic dysfunction may underlie the phenotypic deficits reported in the AS mouse model. While the ketogenic diet (KD) has been used to protect against oxidative stress and has successfully treated refractory epilepsy in AS case studies, issues arise due to its strict adherence requirements, in addition to selective eating habits and weight issues reported in patients with AS. We hypothesized that ketone ester supplementation would mimic the KD as an anticonvulsant and improve the behavioral and synaptic plasticity deficits in vivo. AS mice were supplemented R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester (KE) ad libitum for eight weeks. KE administration improved motor coordination, learning and memory, and synaptic plasticity in AS mice. The KE was also anticonvulsant and altered brain amino acid metabolism in AS treated animals. Our findings suggest that KE supplementation produces sustained ketosis and ameliorates many phenotypes in the AS mouse model, and should be investigated further for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Ciarlone
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Joseph C Grieco
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Dominic P D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Edwin J Weeber
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
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GONG XUE, SHAO YIYE, LI BING, CHEN LONG, WANG CUICUI, CHEN YINGHUI. γ-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 is involved in anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive function in knockout mice. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:653-658. [PMID: 26622370 PMCID: PMC4509144 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 (GAT-1) on the anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive function in knockout mice. In total, 20 adult male mice were divided into two groups, namely the GAT-1 knockout (GAT-1-/-) and wild-type (WT) groups. The open field test, elevated 0-maze (EZM) and Morris water maze were used to evaluate changes in anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive function. Compared with the WT mice, GAT-1-/- mice made more entries and spent a longer time within the central area, traveling a greater distance, during the open field test (P<0.05). The EZM revealed that GAT-1-/- mice spent more time in the open sectors and made more total entries when compared with the WT mice (P<0.01). Observations from the two tests indicated reduced anxiety-like behaviors in the GAT-1-/- mice. During the learning session using a Morris water maze, the latency to find the platform was significantly longer in the GAT-1-/- mice when compared with the WT mice (P<0.01). In addition, during the probe test, the GAT-1-/- mice spent less time in the target quadrant and more time in the opposite quadrant when compared with the WT mice (P<0.01); thus, the cognitive function in the GAT-1-/- mice was impaired. Therefore, the results demonstrated that the anxiety-like behaviors were reduced and cognitive function was impaired in GAT-1 knockout mice, indicating that GAT-1 is involved in anxiety and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- XUE GONG
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - YIYE SHAO
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - BING LI
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - LONG CHEN
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - CUICUI WANG
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - YINGHUI CHEN
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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The effect of GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) inhibitor, tiagabine, on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1155-62. [PMID: 26481535 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GABAergic neurotransmission is involved in long-term potentiation, a neurophysiological basis for learning and memory. On the other hand, GABA-enhancing drugs may impair memory and learning in humans and animals. The present study aims at investigating the effect of GAT1 inhibitor tiagabine on memory and learning. METHODS Albino Swiss (CD-1) and C57BL/6J mice were used in the passive avoidance (PA), Morris water maze (MWM) and radial arm water maze (RAWM) tasks. Scopolamine (1mg/kg ip) was applied to induce cognitive deficits. RESULTS In the retention trial of PA scopolamine reduced step-through latency as compared to vehicle-treated mice, and pretreatment with tiagabine did not have any influence on this effect. In MWM the results obtained for vehicle-treated mice, scopolamine-treated group and combined scopolamine+tiagabine-treated mice revealed variable learning abilities in these groups. Tiagabine did not impair learning in the acquisition trial. In RAWM on day 1 scopolamine-treated group made nearly two-fold more errors than vehicle-treated mice and mice that received combined scopolamine and tiagabine. Learning abilities in the latter group were similar to those of vehicle-treated mice in the corresponding trial block on day 1, except for the last trial block, during which tiagabine+scopolamine-injected mice made more errors than control mice and the scopolamine-treated group. In all groups a complete reversal of memory deficits was observed in the last trial block of day 2. CONCLUSIONS The lack of negative influence of tiagabine on cognitive functions in animals with scopolamine-induced memory impairments may be relevant for patients treated with this drug.
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Tong LM, Fong H, Huang Y. Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: current status and future perspectives. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e151. [PMID: 25766620 PMCID: PMC4351411 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Underlying cognitive declines in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the result of neuron and neuronal process losses due to a wide range of factors. To date, all efforts to develop therapies that target specific AD-related pathways have failed in late-stage human trials. As a result, an emerging consensus in the field is that treatment of AD patients with currently available drug candidates might come too late, likely as a result of significant neuronal loss in the brain. In this regard, cell-replacement therapies, such as human embryonic stem cell- or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells, hold potential for treating AD patients. With the advent of stem cell technologies and the ability to transform these cells into different types of central nervous system neurons and glial cells, some success in stem cell therapy has been reported in animal models of AD. However, many more steps remain before stem cell therapies will be clinically feasible for AD and related disorders in humans. In this review, we will discuss current research advances in AD pathogenesis and stem cell technologies; additionally, the potential challenges and strategies for using cell-based therapies for AD and related disorders will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Tong
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen Fong
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Merriman JD, Aouizerat BE, Cataldo JK, Dunn LB, Kober K, Langford DJ, West C, Cooper BA, Paul SM, Miaskowski C. Associations between catecholaminergic, GABAergic, and serotonergic genes and self-reported attentional function in oncology patients and their family caregivers. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2014; 19:251-9. [PMID: 25524657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH Evaluate for associations between variations in genes involved in catecholaminergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic, and serotonergic mechanisms of neurotransmission and attentional function latent classes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This descriptive, longitudinal study was conducted at two radiation therapy departments. The sample included three latent classes of individuals with distinct trajectories of self-reported attentional function during radiation therapy, who were previously identified using growth mixture modeling among 167 oncology patients and 85 of their family caregivers. Multivariable models were used to evaluate for genotypic associations of neurotransmission genes with attentional function latent class membership, after controlling for covariates. RESULTS Variations in catecholaminergic (i.e., ADRA1D rs4815675, SLC6A3 rs37022), GABAergic (i.e., SLC6A1 rs2697138), and serotonergic (i.e., HTR2A rs2296972, rs9534496) neurotransmission genes were significant predictors of latent class membership in multivariable models. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that variations in genes that encode for three distinct but related neurotransmission systems are involved in alterations in attentional function. Knowledge of both phenotypic and genetic markers associated with alterations in attentional function can be used by clinicians to identify patients and family caregivers who are at higher risk for this symptom. Increased understanding of the genetic markers associated with alterations in attentional function may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms for this significant clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Merriman
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Box 0610, San Francisco, CA 94143-0610, USA.
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Box 0610, San Francisco, CA 94143-0610, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0794, San Francisco, CA 94143-0794, USA.
| | - Janine K Cataldo
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Box 0610, San Francisco, CA 94143-0610, USA.
| | - Laura B Dunn
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0410, San Francisco, CA 94143-0410, USA.
| | - Kord Kober
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Box 0610, San Francisco, CA 94143-0610, USA.
| | - Dale J Langford
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Box 0610, San Francisco, CA 94143-0610, USA.
| | - Claudia West
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Box 0610, San Francisco, CA 94143-0610, USA.
| | - Bruce A Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Box 0610, San Francisco, CA 94143-0610, USA.
| | - Steven M Paul
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Box 0610, San Francisco, CA 94143-0610, USA.
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Box 0610, San Francisco, CA 94143-0610, USA.
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Puighermanal E, Busquets-Garcia A, Maldonado R, Ozaita A. Cellular and intracellular mechanisms involved in the cognitive impairment of cannabinoids. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 367:3254-63. [PMID: 23108544 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous cannabinoids, such as delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as well as the modulation of endogenous cannabinoids, affect cognitive function through the activation of cannabinoid receptors. Indeed, these compounds modulate a number of signalling pathways critically implicated in the deleterious effect of cannabinoids on learning and memory. Thus, the involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and extracellular signal-regulated kinases, together with their consequent regulation of cellular processes such as protein translation, play a critical role in the amnesic-like effects of cannabinoids. In this study, we summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms reported in the modulation of cognitive function by the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Puighermanal
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Leung L, Andrews-Zwilling Y, Yoon SY, Jain S, Ring K, Dai J, Wang MM, Tong L, Walker D, Huang Y. Apolipoprotein E4 causes age- and sex-dependent impairments of hilar GABAergic interneurons and learning and memory deficits in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53569. [PMID: 23300939 PMCID: PMC3534053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE4 has sex-dependent effects, whereby the risk of developing AD is higher in apoE4-expressing females than males. However, the mechanism underlying the sex difference, in relation to apoE4, is unknown. Previous findings indicate that apoE4 causes age-dependent impairments of hilar GABAergic interneurons in female mice, leading to learning and memory deficits. Here, we investigate whether the detrimental effects of apoE4 on hilar GABAergic interneurons are sex-dependent using apoE knock-in (KI) mice across different ages. We found that in female apoE-KI mice, there was an age-dependent depletion of hilar GABAergic interneurons, whereby GAD67- or somatostatin-positive–but not NPY- or parvalbumin-positive–interneuron loss was exacerbated by apoE4. Loss of these neuronal populations was correlated with the severity of spatial learning deficits at 16 months of age in female apoE4-KI mice; however, this effect was not observed in female apoE3-KI mice. In contrast, we found an increase in the numbers of hilar GABAergic interneurons with advancing age in male apoE-KI mice, regardless of apoE genotype. Moreover, male apoE-KI mice showed a consistent ratio of hilar inhibitory GABAergic interneurons to excitatory mossy cells approximating 1.5 that is independent of apoE genotype and age, whereas female apoE-KI mice exhibited an age-dependent decrease in this ratio, which was exacerbated by apoE4. Interestingly, there are no apoE genotype effects on GABAergic interneurons in the CA1 and CA3 subregions of the hippocampus as well as the entorhinal and auditory cortexes. These findings suggest that the sex-dependent effects of apoE4 on developing AD is in part attributable to inherent sex-based differences in the numbers of hilar GABAergic interneurons, which is further modulated by apoE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Leung
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yaisa Andrews-Zwilling
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sachi Jain
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Ring
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Dai
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Max Mu Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie Tong
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David Walker
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Andrews-Zwilling Y, Gillespie AK, Kravitz AV, Nelson AB, Devidze N, Lo I, Yoon SY, Bien-Ly N, Ring K, Zwilling D, Potter GB, Rubenstein JLR, Kreitzer AC, Huang Y. Hilar GABAergic interneuron activity controls spatial learning and memory retrieval. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40555. [PMID: 22792368 PMCID: PMC3390383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although extensive research has demonstrated the importance of excitatory granule neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in normal learning and memory and in the pathogenesis of amnesia in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the role of hilar GABAergic inhibitory interneurons, which control the granule neuron activity, remains unclear. Methodology and Principal Findings We explored the function of hilar GABAergic interneurons in spatial learning and memory by inhibiting their activity through Cre-dependent viral expression of enhanced halorhodopsin (eNpHR3.0)—a light-driven chloride pump. Hilar GABAergic interneuron-specific expression of eNpHR3.0 was achieved by bilaterally injecting adeno-associated virus containing a double-floxed inverted open-reading frame encoding eNpHR3.0 into the hilus of the dentate gyrus of mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of an enhancer specific for GABAergic interneurons. In vitro and in vivo illumination with a yellow laser elicited inhibition of hilar GABAergic interneurons and consequent activation of dentate granule neurons, without affecting pyramidal neurons in the CA3 and CA1 regions of the hippocampus. We found that optogenetic inhibition of hilar GABAergic interneuron activity impaired spatial learning and memory retrieval, without affecting memory retention, as determined in the Morris water maze test. Importantly, optogenetic inhibition of hilar GABAergic interneuron activity did not alter short-term working memory, motor coordination, or exploratory activity. Conclusions and Significance Our findings establish a critical role for hilar GABAergic interneuron activity in controlling spatial learning and memory retrieval and provide evidence for the potential contribution of GABAergic interneuron impairment to the pathogenesis of amnesia in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaisa Andrews-Zwilling
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anna K. Gillespie
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alexxai V. Kravitz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alexandra B. Nelson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nino Devidze
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Iris Lo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nga Bien-Ly
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Ring
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Zwilling
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory B. Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - John L. R. Rubenstein
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anatol C. Kreitzer
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Tellez R, Gómez-Viquez L, Liy-Salmeron G, Meneses A. GABA, glutamate, dopamine and serotonin transporters expression on forgetting. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 98:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Lyon L, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ. Spontaneous object recognition and its relevance to schizophrenia: a review of findings from pharmacological, genetic, lesion and developmental rodent models. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 220:647-72. [PMID: 22068459 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Spontaneous (novel) object recognition (SOR) is one of the most widely used rodent behavioural tests. The opportunity for rapid data collection has made SOR a popular choice in studies that explore cognitive impairment in rodent models of schizophrenia, and that test the efficacy of drugs intended to reverse these deficits. OBJECTIVES We provide an overview of the many recent studies that have used SOR to explore the mnemonic effects of manipulation of the key transmitter systems relevant to schizophrenia-the dopamine, glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, serotonin and cannabinoid systems-alone or in combination. We also review the use of SOR in studying memory in genetically modified mouse models of schizophrenia, as well as in neurodevelopmental and lesion models. We end by discussing the construct and predictive validity, and translational relevance, of SOR with respect to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. RESULTS Perturbation of the dopamine or glutamate systems can generate robust and reliable impairment in SOR. Impaired performance is also seen following antagonism of the muscarinic acetylcholine system, or exposure to cannabinoid agonists. Cognitive enhancement has been reported using alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists and 5-HT(6) antagonists. Among non-pharmacological models, neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions and maternal immune activation can impair SOR, while mixed results have been obtained with mice carrying mutations in schizophrenia risk-associated genes, including neuregulin and COMT. CONCLUSIONS While SOR is not without its limitations, the task represents a useful method for studying manipulations with relevance to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, as well as the interactions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lyon
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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14
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Selective degeneration of septal and hippocampal GABAergic neurons in a mouse model of amyloidosis and tauopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 47:1-12. [PMID: 22426397 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by brain accumulation of amyloid-β peptide and neurofibrillary tangles, which are believed to initiate a pathological cascade that results in progressive impairment of cognitive functions and eventual neuronal death. To obtain a mouse model displaying the typical AD histopathology of amyloidosis and tauopathy, we generated a triple-transgenic mouse line (TauPS2APP) by overexpressing human mutations of the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin2 and tau genes. Stereological analysis of TauPS2APP mice revealed significant neurodegeneration of GABAergic septo-hippocampal projection neurons as well as their target cells, the GABAergic hippocampal interneurons. In contrast, the cholinergic medial septum neurons remained unaffected. Moreover, the degeneration of hippocampal GABAergic interneurons was dependent on the hippocampal subfield and interneuronal subtype investigated, whereby the dentate gyrus and the NPY-positive interneurons, respectively, were most strongly affected. Neurodegeneration was also accompanied by a change in the mRNA expression of markers for inhibitory interneurons. In line with the loss of inhibitory neurons, we observed functional changes in TauPS2APP mice relative to WT mice, with strongly enhanced long-term potentiation in the medial-perforant pathway input to the dentate gyrus, and stereotypic hyperactivity. Our data indicate that inhibitory neurons are the targets of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of amyloidosis and tauopathy, thus pointing to a possible role of the inhibitory network in the pathophysiological and functional cascade of Alzheimer's disease.
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Tellez R, Gómez-Víquez L, Meneses A. GABA, glutamate, dopamine and serotonin transporters expression on memory formation and amnesia. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2011; 97:189-201. [PMID: 22183017 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding several neurotransmission systems are frequently related to memory formation, amnesia and/or therapeutic targets for memory alterations, the role of transporters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, GAT1), glutamate (neuronal glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier; EACC1), dopamine (DAT) and serotonin (SERT) is poorly understood. Hence, in this paper Western-blot analysis was used to evaluate expression changes on them during memory formation in trained and untrained rats treated with the selective serotonin transporter inhibitor fluoxetine, the amnesic drug d-methamphetamine (METH) and fluoxetine plus METH. Transporters expression was evaluated in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum. Data indicated that in addition of memory performance other behavioral parameters (e.g., explorative behavior, food-intake, etc.) that memory formation was recorded. Thus, memory formation in a Pavlovian/instrumental autoshaping was associated to up-regulation of prefrontal cortex GAT1 and EAAC1, striatal SERT, DAT and EACC1; while, hippocampal EACC1, GAT1 and SERT were down-regulated. METH impaired short (STM) and long-term memory (LTM), at 24 or 48h. The METH-induced amnesia down-regulated SERT, DAT, EACC1 and GAT1 in hippocampus and the GAT1 in striatum; no-changes were observed in prefrontal cortex. Post-training administration of fluoxetine improved LTM (48h), which was associated to DAT, GAT1 (prefrontal cortex) up-regulation, but GAT1 (striatum) and SERT (hippocampus) down-regulation. Fluoxetine plus METH administration was able to prevent amnesia, which was associated to DAT, EACC1 and GAT1 (prefrontal cortex), SERT and DAT (hippocampus) and EACC1 or DAT (striatal) up-regulation. Together these data show that memory formation, amnesia and anti-amnesic effects are associated to specific patters of transporters expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Tellez
- Depto. de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Tenorios 235, Granjas Coapa, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
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Papaleo F, Lipska BK, Weinberger DR. Mouse models of genetic effects on cognition: relevance to schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:1204-20. [PMID: 21557953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia. Growing evidence indicates that a wide variety of genetic mutations and polymorphisms impact cognition and may thus be implicated in various aspects of this mental disorder. Despite differences between human and rodent brain structure and function, genetic mouse models have contributed critical information about brain mechanisms involved in cognitive processes. Here, we summarize discoveries of genetic modifications in mice that impact cognition. Based on functional hypotheses, gene modifications within five model systems are described: 1) dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, DAT, COMT, MAO); 2) glutamate (GluR-A, NR1, NR2A, NR2B, GRM2, GRM3, GLAST); 3) GABA (α(5), γ(2), α(4), δGABA(A), GABA(B(1)), GAT1); 4) acetylcholine (nAChRβ2, α7, CHRM1); and 5) calcium (CaMKII-α, neurogranin, CaMKKβ, CaMKIV). We also consider other risk-associated genes for schizophrenia such as dysbindin (DTNBP1), neuregulin (NRG1), disrupted-in-schizophrenia1 (DISC1), reelin and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH). Because of the presumed importance of environmental factors, we further consider genetic modifications within the stress-sensitive systems of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the endocannabinoid systems. We highlight the missing information and limitations of cognitive assays in genetically modified mice models relevant to schizophrenia pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Papaleo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, The Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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Apolipoprotein E4 causes age- and Tau-dependent impairment of GABAergic interneurons, leading to learning and memory deficits in mice. J Neurosci 2010; 30:13707-17. [PMID: 20943911 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4040-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We found that female apoE4 knock-in (KI) mice had an age-dependent decrease in hilar GABAergic interneurons that correlated with the extent of learning and memory deficits, as determined in the Morris water maze, in aged mice. Treating apoE4-KI mice with daily peritoneal injections of the GABA(A) receptor potentiator pentobarbital at 20 mg/kg for 4 weeks rescued the learning and memory deficits. In neurotoxic apoE4 fragment transgenic mice, hilar GABAergic interneuron loss was even more pronounced and also correlated with the extent of learning and memory deficits. Neurodegeneration and tauopathy occurred earliest in hilar interneurons in apoE4 fragment transgenic mice; eliminating endogenous Tau prevented hilar GABAergic interneuron loss and the learning and memory deficits. The GABA(A) receptor antagonist picrotoxin abolished this rescue, while pentobarbital rescued learning deficits in the presence of endogenous Tau. Thus, apoE4 causes age- and Tau-dependent impairment of hilar GABAergic interneurons, leading to learning and memory deficits in mice. Consequently, reducing Tau and enhancing GABA signaling are potential strategies to treat or prevent apoE4-related Alzheimer's disease.
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GABA transporter-1 activity modulates hippocampal theta oscillation and theta burst stimulation-induced long-term potentiation. J Neurosci 2010; 29:15836-45. [PMID: 20016099 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4643-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The network oscillation and synaptic plasticity are known to be regulated by GABAergic inhibition, but how they are affected by changes in the GABA transporter activity remains unclear. Here we show that in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampus, pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of GABA transporter-1 (GAT1) specifically impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by theta burst stimulation, but had no effect on LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation or long-term depression induced by low-frequency stimulation. The extent of LTP impairment depended on the precise burst frequency, with significant impairment at 3-7 Hz that correlated with the time course of elevated GABAergic inhibition caused by GAT1 disruption. Furthermore, in vivo electrophysiological recordings showed that GAT1 gene deletion reduced the frequency of hippocampal theta oscillation. Moreover, behavioral studies showed that GAT1 knock-out mice also exhibited impaired hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Together, these results have highlighted the important link between GABAergic inhibition and hippocampal theta oscillation, both of which are critical for synaptic plasticity and learning behaviors.
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Gonzalez-Burgos G. GABA transporter GAT1: a crucial determinant of GABAB receptor activation in cortical circuits? ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2010; 58:175-204. [PMID: 20655483 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(10)58008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The GABA transporter 1 (GAT1), the main plasma membrane GABA transporter in brain tissue, mediates translocation of GABA from the extracellular to the intracellular space. Whereas GAT1-mediated uptake could generally terminate the synaptic effects of GABA, recent studies suggest a more complex physiological role. This chapter reviews evidence suggesting that in hippocampal and neocortical circuits, GAT1-mediated GABA transport regulates the electrophysiological effects of GABA(B) receptor (GABA(B)R) activation by synaptically-released GABA. Contrasting with synaptic GABA(A) receptors, GABA(B)Rs display high GABA binding affinity, slow G protein-coupled mediated signaling, and a predominantly extrasynaptic localization. Such GABA(B)R properties determine production of slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and slow presynaptic effects. Such effects possibly require diffusion of GABA far away from the release sites, and consequently both GABA(B)R-mediated IPSPs and presynaptic effects are strongly enhanced when GAT1-mediated uptake is blocked. Studies are reviewed here which indicate that GABA(B)R-mediated IPSPs seem to be produced by dendrite-targeting GABA neurons including specifically, although perhaps not exclusively, the neurogliaform cell class. In contrast, the GABA interneuron subtypes that synapse onto the perisomatic membrane of pyramidal cells mostly signal via synaptic GABA(A)Rs. This chapter reviews data suggesting that neurogliaform cells produce electrophysiological effects onto other neurons in the cortical cell network via GABA(B)R-mediated volume transmission that is highly regulated by GAT1 activity. Therefore, the role of GAT1 in controlling GABA(B)R-mediated signaling is markedly different from its regulation of GABA(A)R-mediated fast synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Dere E, Huston JP, De Souza Silva MA. The pharmacology, neuroanatomy and neurogenetics of one-trial object recognition in rodents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2007; 31:673-704. [PMID: 17368764 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rats and mice are attracted by novel objects. They readily approach novel objects and explore them with their vibrissae, nose and forepaws. It is assumed that such a single explorative episode leaves a lasting and complex memory trace, which includes information about the features of the object explored, as well as where and even when the object was encountered. Indeed, it has been shown that rodents are able to discriminate a novel from a familiar object (one-trial object recognition), can detect a mismatch between the past and present location of a familiar object (one-trial object-place recognition), and can discriminate different objects in terms of their relative recency (temporal order memory), i.e., which one of two objects has been encountered earlier. Since the novelty-preference paradigm is very versatile and has some advantages compared to several other memory tasks, such as the water maze, it has become a powerful tool in current neurophamacological, neuroanatomical and neurogenetical memory research using both rats and mice. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive summary on key findings delineating the brain structures, neurotransmitters, molecular mechanisms and genes involved in encoding, consolidation, storage and retrieval of different forms of one-trial object memory in rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem Dere
- Institute of Physiological Psychology, and Center for Biological and Medical Research, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Kalueff AV. Neurobiology of memory and anxiety: from genes to behavior. Neural Plast 2007; 2007:78171. [PMID: 17502911 PMCID: PMC1847471 DOI: 10.1155/2007/78171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction of anxiety and memory represents an essential feature of CNS functioning. This paper reviews experimental data coming from neurogenetics, neurochemistry, and behavioral pharmacology (as well as parallel clinical findings) reflecting different mechanisms of memory-anxiety interplay, including brain neurochemistry, circuitry, pharmacology, neuroplasticity, genes, and gene-environment interactions. It emphasizes the complexity and nonlinearity of such interplay, illustrated by a survey of anxiety and learning/memory phenotypes in various genetically modified mouse models that exhibit either synergistic or reciprocal effects of the mutation on anxiety levels and memory performance. The paper also assesses the putative role of different neurotransmitter systems and neuropeptides in the regulation of memory processes and anxiety, and discusses the role of neural plasticity in these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan V Kalueff
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health , Bethesda, MD 20892-1264, USA.
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