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Hasan G, Hassan MI, Sohal SS, Shamsi A, Alam M. Therapeutic Targeting of Regulated Signaling Pathways of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26685-26698. [PMID: 37546685 PMCID: PMC10398694 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common cancer globally. Phytochemicals and small molecule inhibitors significantly prevent varying types of cancers, including NSCLC. These therapeutic molecules serve as important sources for new drugs that interfere with cellular proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis by regulating signaling pathways. These molecules affect several cellular signaling cascades, including p53, NF-κB, STAT3, RAS, MAPK/ERK, Wnt, and AKT/PI3K, and are thus implicated in the therapeutic management of cancers. This review aims to describe the bioactive compounds and small-molecule inhibitors, their anticancer action, and targeting cellular signaling cascades in NSCLC. We highlighted the therapeutic potential of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), Perifosine, ABT-737, Thymoquinine, Quercetin, Venetoclax, Gefitinib, and Genistein. These compounds are implicated in the therapeutic management of NSCLC. This review further offers deeper mechanistic insights into different signaling pathways that could be targeted for NSCLC therapy by phytochemicals and small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam
Mustafa Hasan
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory
Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School
of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre
of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Manzar Alam
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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2
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Fanourakis G, Kyrodimos E, Papanikolaou V, Chrysovergis A, Kafiri G, Papanikolaou N, Verykokakis M, Tosios K, Vastardis H. APOBEC3B Is Co-Expressed with PKCα/NF-κB in Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030569. [PMID: 36766673 PMCID: PMC9914863 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic activity of APOBEC3B (A3B) has been implicated as a prime source of mutagenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The expression of Protein Kinase C α (PKCα) and Nuclear Factor-κΒ p65 (NF-κΒ p65) has been linked to the activation of the classical and the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways, respectively, both of which have been shown to lead to the upregulation of A3B. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of PKCα, NF-κΒ p65 and A3B in non-HPV related oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), by means of immunohistochemistry and in silico methods. PKCα was expressed in 29/36 (80%) cases of oral and oropharyngeal SCCs, with 25 (69%) cases showing a PKCα+/A3B+ phenotype and only 6/36 (17%) cases showing a PKCα-/A3B+ phenotype. Εxpression of NF-κB p65 was seen in 33/35 (94%) cases of oral and oropharyngeal SCCs, with 30/35 (86%) cases showing an NF-κB p65+/A3B+ phenotype and only 2/35 (6%) cases showing an NF-κB p65-/A3B+ phenotype. In addition, mRNA expression analysis, using the UALCAN database, revealed strong expression of all three genes. These findings indicate that the expression of A3B is associated with PKCα/NF-κB p65 expression and suggest a potential role for the PKC/NF-κB signaling pathway in the development of oral and oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galinos Fanourakis
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- 1st ENT Department, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vasilissis Sophias Ave., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papanikolaou
- 1st ENT Department, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vasilissis Sophias Ave., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Chrysovergis
- 1st ENT Department, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vasilissis Sophias Ave., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kafiri
- Department of Pathology, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilissis Sophias Ave., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papanikolaou
- EnzyQuest PC, Science and Technology Park of Crete, 100 Nikolaou Plastira Str., Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mihalis Verykokakis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC Alexander Fleming, 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tosios
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Heleni Vastardis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
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3
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Chen N, Qi Y, Ma X, Xiao X, Liu Q, Xia T, Xiang J, Zeng J, Tang J. Rediscovery of Traditional Plant Medicine: An Underestimated Anticancer Drug of Chelerythrine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906301. [PMID: 35721116 PMCID: PMC9198297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In many studies, the extensive and significant anticancer activity of chelerythrine (CHE) was identified, which is the primary natural active compound in four traditional botanical drugs and can be applied as a promising treatment in various solid tumors. So this review aimed to summarize the anticancer capacities and the antitumor mechanism of CHE. The literature searches revolving around CHE have been carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE databases. Increasing evidence indicates that CHE, as a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, exhibits its excellent anticancer activity as CHE can intervene in tumor progression and inhibit tumor growth in multiple ways, such as induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, prevention of tumor invasion and metastasis, autophagy-mediated cell death, bind selectively to telomeric G-quadruplex and strongly inhibit the telomerase activity through G-quadruplex stabilization, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and PKC. The role of CHE against diverse types of cancers has been investigated in many studies and has been identified as the main antitumor drug candidate in drug discovery programs. The current complex data suggest the potential value in clinical application and the future direction of CHE as a therapeutic drug in cancer. Furthermore, the limitations and the present problems are also highlighted in this review. Despite the unclearly delineated molecular targets of CHE, extensive research in this area provided continuously fresh data exploitable in the clinic while addressing the present requirement for further studies such as toxicological studies, combination medication, and the development of novel chemical methods or biomaterials to extend the effects of CHE or the development of its derivatives and analogs, contributing to the effective transformation of this underestimated anticancer drug into clinical practice. We believe that this review can provide support for the clinical application of a new anticancer drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juyi Xiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Alam M, Alam S, Shamsi A, Adnan M, Elasbali AM, Al-Soud WA, Alreshidi M, Hawsawi YM, Tippana A, Pasupuleti VR, Hassan MI. Bax/Bcl-2 Cascade Is Regulated by the EGFR Pathway: Therapeutic Targeting of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869672. [PMID: 35402265 PMCID: PMC8990771 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) comprises 80%-85% of lung cancer cases. EGFR is involved in several cancer developments, including NSCLC. The EGFR pathway regulates the Bax/Bcl-2 cascade in NSCLC. Increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of fundamental tumor progression has guided the development of numerous antitumor drugs. The development and improvement of rationally planned inhibitors and agents targeting particular cellular and biological pathways in cancer have been signified as a most important paradigm shift in the strategy to treat and manage lung cancer. Newer approaches and novel chemotherapeutic agents are required to accompany present cancer therapies for improving efficiency. Using natural products as a drug with an effective delivery system may benefit therapeutics. Naturally originated compounds such as phytochemicals provide crucial sources for novel agents/drugs and resources for tumor therapy. Applying the small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs)/phytochemicals has led to potent preclinical discoveries in various human tumor preclinical models, including lung cancer. In this review, we summarize recent information on the molecular mechanisms of the Bax/Bcl-2 cascade and EGFR pathway in NSCLC and target them for therapeutic implications. We further described the therapeutic potential of Bax/Bcl-2/EGFR SMIs, mainly those with more potent and selectivity, including gefitinib, EGCG, ABT-737, thymoquinone, quercetin, and venetoclax. In addition, we explained the targeting EGFR pathway and ongoing in vitro and in vivo and clinical investigations in NSCLC. Exploration of such inhibitors facilitates the future treatment and management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
| | - Shoaib Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Abu Al-Soud
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Health Sciences Research Unit, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anitha Tippana
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, India
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.,Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
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Companioni O, Mir C, Garcia-Mayea Y, LLeonart ME. Targeting Sphingolipids for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:745092. [PMID: 34737957 PMCID: PMC8560795 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are an extensive class of lipids with different functions in the cell, ranging from proliferation to cell death. Sphingolipids are modified in multiple cancers and are responsible for tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis. Several inhibitors or activators of sphingolipid signaling, such as fenretinide, safingol, ABC294640, ceramide nanoliposomes (CNLs), SKI-II, α-galactosylceramide, fingolimod, and sonepcizumab, have been described. The objective of this review was to analyze the results from preclinical and clinical trials of these drugs for the treatment of cancer. Sphingolipid-targeting drugs have been tested alone or in combination with chemotherapy, exhibiting antitumor activity alone and in synergism with chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. As a consequence of treatments, the most frequent mechanism of cell death is apoptosis, followed by autophagy. Aslthough all these drugs have produced good results in preclinical studies of multiple cancers, the outcomes of clinical trials have not been similar. The most effective drugs are fenretinide and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). In contrast, minor adverse effects restricted to a few subjects and hepatic toxicity have been observed in clinical trials of ABC294640 and safingol, respectively. In the case of CNLs, SKI-II, fingolimod and sonepcizumab there are some limitations and absence of enough clinical studies to demonstrate a benefit. The effectiveness or lack of a major therapeutic effect of sphingolipid modulation by some drugs as a cancer therapy and other aspects related to their mechanism of action are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmel Companioni
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Center in Oncology, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Alam M, Ali S, Mohammad T, Hasan GM, Yadav DK, Hassan MI. B Cell Lymphoma 2: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910442. [PMID: 34638779 PMCID: PMC8509036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the apoptosis mechanism stimulate cancer cell growth and survival. B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is an anti-apoptotic molecule that plays a central role in apoptosis. Bcl-2 is the founding constituent of the Bcl-2 protein family of apoptosis controllers, the primary apoptosis regulators linked with cancer. Bcl-2 has been identified as being over-expressed in several cancers. Bcl-2 is induced by protein kinases and several signaling molecules which stimulate cancer development. Identifying the important function played by Bcl-2 in cancer progression and development, and treatment made it a target related to therapy for multiple cancers. Among the various strategies that have been proposed to block Bcl-2, BH3-mimetics have appeared as a novel group of compounds thanks to their favorable effects on many cancers within several clinical settings. Because of the fundamental function of Bcl-2 in the regulation of apoptosis, the Bcl-2 protein is a potent target for the development of novel anti-tumor treatments. Bcl-2 inhibitors have been used against several cancers and provide a pre-clinical platform for testing novel therapeutic drugs. Clinical trials of multiple investigational agents targeting Bcl-2 are ongoing. This review discusses the role of Bcl-2 in cancer development; it could be exploited as a potential target for developing novel therapeutic strategies to combat various types of cancers. We further highlight the therapeutic activity of Bcl-2 inhibitors and their implications for the therapeutic management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21924, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.K.Y.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.K.Y.); (M.I.H.)
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7
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Bisai V, Saina Shaheeda MK, Gupta A, Bisai A. Biosynthetic Relationships and Total Syntheses of Naturally Occurring Benzo[
c
]Phenanthridine Alkaloids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnumaya Bisai
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur Transit Campus: Government ITIEngineering School Junction, Berhampur Odisha- 760 010 India
| | - M. K. Saina Shaheeda
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road Bhauri Bhopal- 462 066, MP India
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry St. Stephen CollegeDelhi University India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road Bhauri Bhopal- 462 066, MP India
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur- 741 246, Nadia, WB India
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8
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Cho HE, Maurer BJ, Reynolds CP, Kang MH. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric approach for simultaneous determination of safingol and D-erythro-sphinganine in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1112:16-23. [PMID: 30836314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple and specific hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of C18-L-threo-sphinganine (safingol, an anti-neoplastic in phase I trials) and its diastereomer, C18-D-erythro-sphinganine (sphinganine), in human plasma. Sample pretreatment involved a protein precipitation with methanol using 25 μL aliquots of plasma. Chromatographic separation of the diastereomers and C17-D-erythro-sphinganine, an internal standard, was achieved on a Xbridge HILIC (3.5 μm, 100 × 2.1 mm) using isocratic elution with the mobile phase of 2 mM ammonium bicarbonate in water (pH 8.3) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry was operated in the positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The calibration curves obtained were linear over the concentration range of 0.2-100 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 0.2 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation of intra-day and inter-day precision was below 8.27%, and the accuracy ranged from 92.23 to 110.06%. The extraction recoveries were found to be higher than 93.22% and IS-normalized matrix effect was higher than 90.92%. The analytes were stable for the durations of the stability studies. The validated method was successfully applied to the analyses of pharmacokinetic samples from patients treated with safingol and all-trans-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide; (fenretinide, 4-HPR) in a current phase I clinical trial (SPOC-2010-002, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01553071).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwang Eui Cho
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Barry J Maurer
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - C Patrick Reynolds
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Min H Kang
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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9
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Masui A, Hamada M, Kameyama H, Wakabayashi K, Takasu A, Imai T, Iwai S, Yura Y. Autophagy as a Survival Mechanism for Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Endonuclease G-Mediated Apoptosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162786. [PMID: 27658240 PMCID: PMC5033396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Safingol, L- threo-dihydrosphingosine, induces cell death in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells through an endonuclease G (endoG) -mediated pathway. We herein determined whether safingol induced apoptosis and autophagy in oral SCC cells. Safingol induced apoptotic cell death in oral SCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. In safingol-treated cells, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I was changed to LC3-II and the cytoplasmic expression of LC3, amount of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) stained by acridine orange and autophagic vacuoles were increased, indicating the occurrence of autophagy. An inhibitor of autophagy, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), enhanced the suppressive effects of safingol on cell viability, and this was accompanied by an increase in the number of apoptotic cells and extent of nuclear fragmentation. The nuclear translocation of endoG was minimal at a low concentration of safingol, but markedly increased when combined with 3-MA. The suppressive effects of safingol and 3-MA on cell viability were reduced in endoG siRNA- transfected cells. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) prevented cell death induced by the combinational treatment, whereas a pretreatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk did not. These results indicated that safingol induced apoptosis and autophagy in SCC cells and that the suppression of autophagy by 3-MA enhanced apoptosis. Autophagy supports cell survival, but not cell death in the SCC cell system in which apoptosis occurs in an endoG-mediated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroyasu Kameyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Wakabayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayako Takasu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Imai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soichi Iwai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Tan Q, Xu B. CH Bond Activation as a Powerful Tool in the Construction of Biologically Active Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63749-9.00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Matula K, Collie-Duguid E, Murray G, Parikh K, Grabsch H, Tan P, Lalwani S, Garau R, Ong Y, Bain G, Smith AD, Urquhart G, Bielawski J, Finnegan M, Petty R. Regulation of cellular sphingosine-1-phosphate by sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine-1-phopshate lyase determines chemotherapy resistance in gastroesophageal cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:762. [PMID: 26493335 PMCID: PMC4618539 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to chemotherapy is common in gastroesophageal cancer. Mechanisms of resistance are incompletely characterised and there are no predictive biomarkers in clinical practice for cytotoxic drugs. We used new cell line models to characterise novel chemotherapy resistance mechanisms and validated them in tumour specimens to identify new targets and biomarkers for gastroesophageal cancer. Methods Cell lines were selected for resistance to oxaliplatin, cisplatin and docetaxel and gene expression examined using Affymetrix Exon 1.0 ST arrays. Leads were validated by qRT-PCR and HPLC of tumour metabolites. Protein expression and pharmacological inhibition of lead target SPHK1 was evaluated in independent cell lines, and by immunohistochemistry in gastroesophageal cancer patients. Results Genes with differential expression in drug resistant cell lines compared to the parental cell line they were derived from, were identified for each drug resistant cell line. Biological pathway analysis of these gene lists, identified over-represented pathways, and only 3 pathways - lysosome, sphingolipid metabolism and p53 signalling- were identified as over-represented in these lists for all three cytotoxic drugs investigated. The majority of genes differentially expressed in chemoresistant cell lines from these pathways, were involved in metabolism of glycosphingolipids and sphingolipids in lysosomal compartments suggesting that sphingolipids might be important mediators of cytotoxic drug resistance in gastroeosphageal cancers . On further investigation, we found that drug resistance (IC50) was correlated with increased sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1) mRNA and also with decreased sphingosine-1-phosphate lysase 1(SGPL1) mRNA. SPHK1 and SGPL1 gene expression were inversely correlated. SPHK1:SGPL1 ratio correlated with increased cellular sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and S1P correlated with drug resistance (IC50). High SPHK1 protein correlated with resistance to cisplatin (IC50) in an independent gastric cancer cell line panel and with survival of patients treated with chemotherapy prior to surgery but not in patients treated with surgery alone. Safingol a SPHK1 inhibitor, was cytotoxic as a single agent and acted synergistically with cisplatin in gastric cancer cell lines. Conclusion Agents that inhibit SPHK1 or S1P could overcome cytotoxic drug resistance in gastroesophageal cancer. There are several agents in early phase human trials including Safingol that could be combined with chemotherapy or used in patients progressing after chemotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1718-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Matula
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Elaina Collie-Duguid
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Graeme Murray
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK.,Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Khyati Parikh
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Heike Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salina Lalwani
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Roberta Garau
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Yuhan Ong
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Gillian Bain
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Asa-Dahle Smith
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Gordon Urquhart
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Bielawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael Finnegan
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Russell Petty
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Mailbox 4, Level 7 Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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Hamada M, Wakabayashi K, Masui A, Iwai S, Imai T, Yura Y. Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in safingol-induced endonuclease G-mediated apoptosis of squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2660-71. [PMID: 24549171 PMCID: PMC3958874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Safingol, a L-threo-dihydrosphingosine, induced the nuclear translocation of a mitochondrial apoptogenic mediator—endonuclease G (endo G)—and apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. Upstream mediators remain largely unknown. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cultured oral SCC cells were measured. Treatment with safingol increased intracellular H2O2 levels but not extracellular H2O2 levels, indicating the production of H2O2. The cell killing effect of safingol and H2O2 was diminished in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Dual staining of cells with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) revealed that apoptotic cell death occurred by treatment with H2O2 and safingol. The number of apoptotic cells was reduced in the presence of NAC. In untreated cells, endo G distributed in the cytoplasm and an association of endo G with mitochondria was observed. After treatment with H2O2 and safingol, endo G was distributed to the nucleus and cytoplasm, indicating the nuclear translocation of the mitochondrial factor. NAC prevented the increase of apoptotic cells and the translocation of endo G. Knock down of endo G diminished the cell killing effect of H2O2 and safingol. These results suggest that H2O2 is involved in the endo G-mediated apoptosis of oral SCC cells by safingol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ken Wakabayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Masui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Soichi Iwai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Imai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Yura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Specenier PM, Vermorken JB. Recurrent head and neck cancer: current treatment and future prospects. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 8:375-91. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.3.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Qin D, Yu W, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Ruan Y, Zhou Z, Chen H. syn
‐ and Enantioselective Henry Reactions of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Application to the Synthesis of Safingol. Chemistry 2013; 19:16541-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐Dan Qin
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
| | - Jie‐Dan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
| | - Yan‐Cheng Zhang
- Nantong Huafeng Chemical Co. Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu, 226531 (P. R. China)
| | - Yuan‐Ping Ruan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
| | - Zhao‐Hui Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
| | - Hong‐Bin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
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De S, Mishra S, Kakde BN, Dey D, Bisai A. Expeditious Approach to Pyrrolophenanthridones, Phenanthridines, and Benzo[c]phenanthridines via Organocatalytic Direct Biaryl-Coupling Promoted by Potassium tert-Butoxide. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7823-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400890k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Sourabh Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Badrinath N. Kakde
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Dhananjay Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
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In vivo efficacy of a novel liposomal formulation of safingol in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. J Control Release 2012; 160:290-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Jayakumar J, Parthasarathy K, Cheng CH. One-pot synthesis of isoquinolinium salts by rhodium-catalyzed C-H bond activation: application to the total synthesis of oxychelerythrine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:197-200. [PMID: 22086756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Jayakumar J, Parthasarathy K, Cheng CH. One-Pot Synthesis of Isoquinolinium Salts by Rhodium-Catalyzed CH Bond Activation: Application to the Total Synthesis of Oxychelerythrine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ling LU, Tan KB, Chiu GNC. Role of reactive oxygen species in the synergistic cytotoxicity of safingol-based combination regimens with conventional chemotherapeutics. Oncol Lett 2011; 2:905-910. [PMID: 22866148 PMCID: PMC3408041 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploiting the sensitivity of cancer cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested as a strategy for the selective elimination of cancer cells. In this study, the ROS-generating sphingolipid safingol was combined with various conventional chemotherapeutics, and the potential synergism of the safingol-based combination regimen was assessed using a panel of cancer cell lines. The IC(50) values of safingol using as a single agent were 1.4-6.3 µM, which are concentrations that are clinically achievable. While synergism was dependent on the drug molar ratios, a 4:1 molar ratio of safingol to conventional chemotherapeutics exhibited a moderate to strong synergism in MDA-MB-231, JIMT-1, SKOV-3, U937 and KB cells, with combination indices ranging from 0.07 to 0.77. Furthermore, the addition of safingol may reduce the concentrations of conventional chemotherapeutics required to achieve 90% cell-kill by 1 to >3 log-folds. A significant reduction in the cytotoxicity of safingol-based drug combinations was observed in the presence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, suggesting that ROS is an important factor in mediating the observed synergism. Taken together, our results suggest that the use of safingol-based drug combinations is promising as an effective strategy for cancer therapy and should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leong-Uung Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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20
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Ling LU, Tan KB, Lin H, Chiu GNC. The role of reactive oxygen species and autophagy in safingol-induced cell death. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e129. [PMID: 21390063 PMCID: PMC3101809 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Safingol is a sphingolipid with promising anticancer potential, which is currently in phase I clinical trial. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of its action remain largely unknown. We reported here that safingol-induced primarily accidental necrotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 cells, as shown by the increase in the percentage of cells stained positive for 7-aminoactinomycin D, collapse of mitochondria membrane potential and depletion of intracellular ATP. Importantly, safingol treatment produced time- and concentration-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Autophagy was triggered following safingol treatment, as reflected by the formation of autophagosomes, acidic vacuoles, increased light chain 3-II and Atg biomarkers expression. Interestingly, scavenging ROS with N-acetyl-L-cysteine could prevent the autophagic features and reverse safingol-induced necrosis. Our data also suggested that autophagy was a cell repair mechanism, as suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or bafilomycin A1 significantly augmented cell death on 2-5 μM safingol treatment. In addition, Bcl-xL and Bax might be involved in the regulation of safingol-induced autophagy. Finally, glucose uptake was shown to be inhibited by safingol treatment, which was associated with an increase in p-AMPK expression. Taken together, our data suggested that ROS was the mediator of safingol-induced cancer cell death, and autophagy is likely to be a mechanism triggered to repair damages from ROS generation on safingol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-U Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Dickson MA, Carvajal RD, Merrill AH, Gonen M, Cane LM, Schwartz GK. A phase I clinical trial of safingol in combination with cisplatin in advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2484-92. [PMID: 21257722 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important mediator of cancer cell growth and proliferation. Production of S1P is catalyzed by sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK). Safingol, (l-threo-dihydrosphingosine) is a putative inhibitor of SphK. We conducted a phase I trial of safingol (S) alone and in combination with cisplatin (C). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A 3 + 3 dose escalation was used. For safety, S was given alone 1 week before the combination. S + C were then administered every 3 weeks. S was given over 60 to 120 minutes, depending on dose. Sixty minutes later, C was given over 60 minutes. The C dose of 75 mg/m(2) was reduced in cohort 4 to 60 mg/m(2) due to excessive fatigue. RESULTS Forty-three patients were treated, 41 were evaluable for toxicity, and 37 for response. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was S 840 mg/m(2) over 120 minutes C 60 mg/m(2), every 3 weeks. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) attributed to cisplatin included fatigue and hyponatremia. DLT from S was hepatic enzyme elevation. S pharmacokinetic parameters were linear throughout the dose range with no significant interaction with C. Patients treated at or near the MTD achieved S levels of more than 20 μmol/L and maintained levels greater than and equal to 5 μmol/L for 4 hours. The best response was stable disease in 6 patients for on average 3.3 months (range 1.8-7.2 m). One patient with adrenal cortical cancer had significant regression of liver and lung metastases and another had prolonged stable disease. S was associated with a dose-dependent reduction in S1P in plasma. CONCLUSIONS Safingol, the first putative SphK inhibitor to enter clinical trials, can be safely administered in combination with cisplatin. Reversible dose-dependent hepatic toxicity was seen, as expected from preclinical data. Target inhibition was achieved with downregulation of S1P. The recommended phase II dose is S 840 mg/m(2) and C 60 mg/m(2), every 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Dickson
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Sathiyanarayanan KI, Karthikeyan NS, Aravindan PG, Shanthi S, Rathore RS, Lee CW. Dual behavior of 2-tetralone: A new approach for the synthesis of 5-aryl-7,8,13,14-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,i]phenanthridine. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Noda T, Iwai S, Hamada M, Fujita Y, Yura Y. Induction of apoptosis of detached oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by safingol. Possible role of Bim, focal adhesion kinase and endonuclease G. Apoptosis 2009; 14:287-97. [PMID: 19199036 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor safingol increased rounding and detachment of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells in monolayer cultures. When dissociated cells were incubated in the presence of safingol, cell adhesion was prevented and cell viability was lost gradually, while most cells survived in the absence of safingol even if their attachment was blocked by coating the culture plates with polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate. Flow cytometric analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis of cellular DNA revealed an increase in the proportion of sub-G(1) cells and DNA fragmentation, indicating that safingol induced apoptosis of dissociated cells. During the induction of apoptosis in cell suspensions by safingol, there was an increase of the pro-apoptotic BH-3 only protein Bim and decrease of pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-xL and mitochondrial pro-apoptogenic factor endonuclease G translocated to the nucleus. The level of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) required for cell survival also rapidly decreased, followed by a decrease in the protein level. The introduction of siRNA against PKCalpha into SAS cells resulted in an increase of Bim, a decrease of Bcl-xL, the translocation of endonuclease G, and a decrease in the phosphorylation of FAK. These results suggest that Bim, Bcl-xL, FAK and endonuclease G are involved in safingol-induced apoptosis of detached oral SCC cells. Safingol can be used to induce apoptosis with cell detachment, anoikis, of oral SCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Noda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Sproll KC, Balló H, Hoffmann TK, Scheckenbach K, Koldovsky U, Balz V, Hafner D, Ramp U, Bier H. Is there a role for the Fas-/Fas-Ligand pathway in chemoresistance of human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN)? Oral Oncol 2008; 45:69-84. [PMID: 18620901 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the expression of the Fas-receptor/ligand system in established cell lines of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN), and to study it's functional impact on chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in these SCCHN cell lines. We observed constitutive expression of Fas and FasL in 13 SCCHN cell lines by RT-PCR, Southern-blotting and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Administration of the agonistic Fas-antibody CH-11 led to a significant reduction of viable cells in the colorimetric MTT-assay in 5 out of 13 (38%) cell lines tested and preincubation with Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) rendered 3 (23%) primarily resistant cell lines sensitive. Cisplatin (cDDP) and bleomycin (BLM) caused dose-dependent cytotoxicity in all cell lines as determined by the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, both antineoplastic agents led to an enhanced surface expression of Fas and FasL in all cell lines, and this effect was independent of the respective p53-status. This upregulation of Fas/FasL surface expression increased preexisting Fas-sensitivity only, but failed to make primarily resistant cell lines undergo Fas-mediated growth reduction or apoptosis. Vice versa, blockade of Fas-receptor-ligand-interactions by monoclonal antibodies directed against FasL was able to attenuate the cytotoxic effect of cDDP and BLM in 2 out of 5 (40%) cell lines tested only. In conclusion, in contrast to many other solid tumors, the Fas/FasL-system does not seem to play an exclusive role in anticancer drug mediated apoptosis in SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Christoph Sproll
- Department of Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Westdeutsche Kieferklinik, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Le Tourneau C, Faivre S, Siu LL. Molecular targeted therapy of head and neck cancer: Review and clinical development challenges. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:2457-66. [PMID: 17904355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, new targets have been identified in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) as playing key roles in tumour proliferation and metastases. The first target that has led to the approval of a molecularly based therapy in HNSCC has been the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Indeed, cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against EGFR, has recently been approved in combination with radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced HNSCC, and in patients with platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC. This review discusses novel targeted anticancer agents that do not exclusively target EGFR. The initial assessments of novel agents have typically been in patients with heavily pre-treated R/M HNSCC, with response rates and times to progression that are often disappointing. Evaluation of novel agents in the pre-operative 'window' setting, or as first-line therapy for R/M disease, may offer a more optimal understanding of their molecular and clinical effects.
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Huwiler A, Zangemeister-Wittke U. Targeting the conversion of ceramide to sphingosine 1-phosphate as a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007; 63:150-9. [PMID: 17560117 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids not only function as structural components of cell membranes but also act as signaling molecules to regulate fundamental cellular responses, such as cell death and differentiation, proliferation and certain types of inflammation. Particularly the cellular balance between ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate seems to be crucial for a cell's decision to either undergo apoptosis or proliferate, two events which are implicated in tumor development and growth. Whereas ceramide possesses proapoptotic capacity in many cell types, sphingosine 1-phosphate acts as a counterplayer able to induce cell proliferation and protect cells from undergoing apoptosis. Therefore, tipping the balance in favour of ceramide production, i.e. by inhibiting ceramidase or sphingosine kinase activities has potential to support its proapoptotic action and hence represents a promising rational approach to effective cancer therapy. This review highlights most recent data on the regulation of cellular sphingolipid formation and their potential implication in tumor development, and provides perspectives for their use as targets in molecular intervention therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 49, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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Hamada M, Sumi T, Iwai S, Nakazawa M, Yura Y. Induction of endonuclease G-mediated apopotosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by protein kinase C inhibitor safingol. Apoptosis 2007; 11:47-56. [PMID: 16374540 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-005-3348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PKC inhibitor safingol suppressed the growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells significantly at concentrations that inhibit PKC isoforms. Safingol inhibited the translocation of PKC following treatment with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in PKC alpha-EGFP-transfected cells, but not in PKC beta-EGFP- transfected cells, indicating selective inhibition for PKC alpha in oral SCC cells. Flow cytometric analysis and DNA analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis revealed an increase in the proportion of sub-G(1) cells and DNA fragmentation in safingol-treated cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased, and cytochrome c was released from mitochondria. However, the safingol-induced cell death was not accompanied by activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor BD-fmk failed to prevent safingol-induced cell death. Another apoptogenic factor endonuclease G, but not apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), was also released from mitochondria and translocated to the nucleus. These results suggest that PKC alpha inhibitor safingol induces an endonuclease G- mediated apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Zöllinger M, Kelter G, Fiebig HH, Lindel T. Antitumor activity of the marine natural product dibromophakellstatin in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:346-9. [PMID: 17095216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrole-imidazole alkaloid rac-dibromophakellstatin displayed selective antitumor activity in vitro when tested in 36 cell lines in a cell survival and proliferation assay. The ovarian cancer cell line OVXF 899L proved to be most sensitive (0.60 microM, IC50), followed by the glioblastoma cell line CNXF 498NL (0.93 microM), the non-small lung cancer cell line LXF 529L (0.96 microM), and the uterus cancer cell line UXF 1138L (1.21 microM). The selectivity profile of rac-dibromophakellstatin may be indicative for a novel mechanism of action. Separation of the enantiomers on a chiral HPLC column revealed that only the naturally occurring (-)-dibromophakellstatin is antitumor active. Debromination of the pyrrole moiety leads to complete loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zöllinger
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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29
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A Concise Synthesis of 8-Oxoberberine and Oxychelerythrine, Natural Isoquinoline Alkaloids through Biomimetic Synthetic Way. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2006.27.12.2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kwon YE, Kim KH. Octahedral Pt(IV) complex K101 induces apoptosis via ERK1/2 activation and the p53 pathway in human colon cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2006; 17:553-8. [PMID: 16702812 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200606000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the synthesized octahedral Pt(IV) compound trans,cis-Pt(acetato)2Cl2(1,4-butanediamine), K101, showed potent anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. For the further investigation of K101-induced anti-cancer activity, we tested cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines and performed the histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) against human colorectal tumor tissues in vitro. We investigated the signaling pathway of K101-induced apoptosis via expression of p53 and ERK1/2 in the human colon cell line HCT116. The cytotoxicity and the three-dimensional HDRA of K101 were evaluated using the MTT assay. To study the K101-induced apoptosis pathway, we performed FACS analysis and immunoblotting of p53, p21, Bax, Fas and ERK1/2 in HCT116 cells treated with or without K101. The cytotoxic IC50 values of K101 ranged from 1.15 to 2.38 micromol/l, compared to cisplatin ranging from 2.13 to 13.1 micromol/l. Among several cancer cell lines, K101 showed greater potency than cisplatin in colon cancer cell lines. In the HDRA, K101 showed 80.0-91.4% efficacy rates compared with 48.6% for cisplatin against colorectal cancer patient tissues. In the signaling pathway, the expression of p53 and phospho-ERK1/2 was increased in a time-dependent manner by treatment with K101 in the HCT116 cells. When K101 was treated with MEK inhibitor U0126, the cell death rate was increased. The octahedral Pt(IV) complex K101 could be an attractive candidate as a chemotherapeutic agent against colon cancer. ERK1/2 activation and the p53 pathway may play significant functions in mediating K101-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Muller A, Sonkoly E, Eulert C, Gerber PA, Kubitza R, Schirlau K, Franken-Kunkel P, Poremba C, Snyderman C, Klotz LO, Ruzicka T, Bier H, Zlotnik A, Whiteside TL, Homey B, Hoffmann TK. Chemokine receptors in head and neck cancer: association with metastatic spread and regulation during chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:2147-57. [PMID: 16331601 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck carcinomas are histologically and clinically heterogeneous. While squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are characterized by lymphogenous spread, adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) disseminate preferentially hematogenously. To study cellular and molecular mechanisms of organ-specific metastasis, we used SCC and ACC cell lines and tumor tissues, obtained from patients with primary or metastatic disease. Comprehensive analysis at the mRNA and protein level of human chemokine receptors showed that SCC and ACC cells exhibited distinct and nonrandom expression profiles for these receptors. SCC predominantly expressed receptors for chemokines homeostatically expressed in lymph nodes, including CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 7 and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)5. No difference in expression of chemokine receptors was seen in primary SCC and corresponding lymph node metastases. In contrast to SCC, ACC cells primarily expressed CXCR4. In chemotaxis assays, ACC cells were responsive to CXCL12, the ligand for CXCR4. Exposure of ACC cells to cisplatin resulted in upregulation of CXCR4 on the cell surface, which was repressed by the transcriptional inhibitor, alpha-amanitin. Treatment of ACC cells with CXCL12 resulted in the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. Furthermore, CXCL12 suppressed the rate of apoptosis induced by cisplatin in ACC cells, suggesting that signaling via CXCR4 may be part of a tumor cell survival program. Discrimination of the chemokine receptor profile in SCC and ACC in vitro and in tissues provided insights into their distinct biologic and clinical characteristics as well as indications that chemokine receptors might serve as future therapeutic targets in these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Muller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Lee SH, Park SK, Kim JM, Kim MH, Kim KH, Chun KW, Cho KH, Youn JY, Namgoong SK. New synthetic thiocolchicine derivatives as lowtoxic anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2006; 338:582-9. [PMID: 16353277 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200500148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New thiocolchicine derivatives (1-8) were designed as less toxic anticancer agents possessing the power full anticancer activity of colchicine. The synthesis and biological evaluation of these compounds were described. As a preliminary result of biological in vitro investigation, compounds 1, 6, and 7 showed lower toxicities than that of colchicine in combination with potent anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Habermehl D, Kammerer B, Handrick R, Eldh T, Gruber C, Cordes N, Daniel PT, Plasswilm L, Bamberg M, Belka C, Jendrossek V. Proapoptotic activity of Ukrain is based on Chelidonium majus L. alkaloids and mediated via a mitochondrial death pathway. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:14. [PMID: 16417634 PMCID: PMC1379651 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anticancer drug Ukrain (NSC-631570) which has been specified by the manufacturer as semisynthetic derivative of the Chelidonium majus L. alkaloid chelidonine and the alkylans thiotepa was reported to exert selective cytotoxic effects on human tumour cell lines in vitro. Few clinical trials suggest beneficial effects in the treatment of human cancer. Aim of the present study was to elucidate the importance of apoptosis induction for the antineoplastic activity of Ukrain, to define the molecular mechanism of its cytotoxic effects and to identify its active constituents by mass spectrometry. METHODS Apoptosis induction was analysed in a Jurkat T-lymphoma cell model by fluorescence microscopy (chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation), flow cytometry (cellular shrinkage, depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-activation) and Western blot analysis (caspase-activation). Composition of Ukrain was analysed by mass spectrometry and LC-MS coupling. RESULTS Ukrain turned out to be a potent inducer of apoptosis. Mechanistic analyses revealed that Ukrain induced depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspases. Lack of caspase-8, expression of cFLIP-L and resistance to death receptor ligand-induced apoptosis failed to inhibit Ukrain-induced apoptosis while lack of FADD caused a delay but not abrogation of Ukrain-induced apoptosis pointing to a death receptor independent signalling pathway. In contrast, the broad spectrum caspase-inhibitor zVAD-fmk blocked Ukrain-induced cell death. Moreover, over-expression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL and expression of dominant negative caspase-9 partially reduced Ukrain-induced apoptosis pointing to Bcl-2 controlled mitochondrial signalling events. However, mass spectrometric analysis of Ukrain failed to detect the suggested trimeric chelidonine thiophosphortriamide or putative dimeric or monomeric chelidonine thiophosphortriamide intermediates from chemical synthesis. Instead, the Chelidonium majus L. alkaloids chelidonine, sanguinarine, chelerythrine, protopine and allocryptopine were identified as major components of Ukrain. Apart from sanguinarine and chelerythrine, chelidonine turned out to be a potent inducer of apoptosis triggering cell death at concentrations of 0.001 mM, while protopine and allocryptopine were less effective. Similar to Ukrain, apoptosis signalling of chelidonine involved Bcl-2 controlled mitochondrial alterations and caspase-activation. CONCLUSION The potent proapoptotic effects of Ukrain are not due to the suggested "Ukrain-molecule" but to the cytotoxic efficacy of Chelidonium majus L. alkaloids including chelidonine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Habermehl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 45, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - René Handrick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Therese Eldh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Gruber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay – Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter T Daniel
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Charité, Campus Buch, Humboldt University, Lindenbergerweg 80, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludwig Plasswilm
- University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Petersgraben 4, Ch-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bamberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Padrón JM, Peters GJ. Cytotoxicity of sphingoid marine compound analogs in mono- and multilayered solid tumor cell cultures. Invest New Drugs 2005; 24:195-202. [PMID: 16193239 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-005-3691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A subset of four synthetic sphingoid marine compound analogs was chosen from a preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity study for further analysis. The selected analogs were initially screened in monolayer cultures for their anticancer potential against a panel of eight human tumor cell lines, ovarian, colon and lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma and leukemia producing IC50 values ranging from 1.5 to 6.9 microM. In a secondary screening, the sphingoid analogs were evaluated against multilayered postconfluent cultures of A2780 ovarian cancer and WiDr colon cancer cells. In this model, compounds 5 and 8 were the most active derivatives showing EC50 values in the range 25-32 microM. The performance of 5 and 8 against both cell lines was not dependent on the cell culture model as shown with resistance factor values in the range 8-12. Cell cycle studies in HL60 leukemia cells showed an arrest in G(0)/G1 at a low drug concentration (3 microM) but accumulation in S phase at a high drug concentration (9 microM). It can be concluded that the analogs showed a cell line independent activity, with an apparent selectivity against cells grown in more physiological three-dimensional condition compared to standard anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Padrón
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kondapalli L, Soltani K, Lacouture ME. The promise of molecular targeted therapies: Protein kinase inhibitors in the treatment of cutaneous malignancies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53:291-302. [PMID: 16021125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new revolution in cancer therapy has arrived with the development of agents targeting cancer-related protein kinases, critical regulators of malignant behavior. These drugs are selective inhibitors of protein kinases, which mediate most signal transduction pathways in malignant cells and result in increased proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Protein kinases are the second largest group of drug targets and they account for 20% to 30% of the drug discovery programs of many biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. A critical review of the literature is performed, highlighting selective inhibitors of signal transduction molecules involved in nonmelanoma skin cancer, melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Merkel cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and systemic mastocytosis. Clinical studies were identified by searches of the Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meetings, MedLine, and www.clinicaltrials.gov. Clinical trials of kinase inhibitors in study populations are illustrated, highlighting early results, side effects, and potential improvements in outcomes. Case series and case reports were included for rare diseases. These drugs will have important implications in clinical dermatology, based on their expected frequent use in the treatment of dermatologic malignancies, and their associated cutaneous side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Kondapalli
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kim Y, McBride J, Zhang R, Zhou X, Wong DT. p12(CDK2-AP1) mediates DNA damage responses induced by cisplatin. Oncogene 2005; 24:407-18. [PMID: 15543230 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We examined the biological role of p12(CDK2-AP1) in cisplatin-mediated responses by using murine ES p12(CDK2-AP1) knockout clones generated by a targeted disruption of murine p12(CDK2-AP1). Homozygous knockout clones showed an increased cellular proliferation along with an increase in S and a decrease in G2/M phase populations. Interestingly, ES p12(CDK2-AP1) knockout clones showed a resistance to cisplatin treatment along with an increased DNA repair activity assessed by host cell reactivation assay using a cisplatin-damaged reporter DNA and a significant reduction of apoptosis upon cisplatin treatment. By using stable p12(CDK2-AP1) short interfering RNA (siRNA) clones from human normal oral keratinocytes, we confirmed that downregulation of p12(CDK2-AP1) resulted in a resistance to cisplatin. More interestingly, cisplatin treatment resulted in a reduction of CDK2 kinase activity in control clones, but p12(CDK2-AP1) knockout clones showed a sustained CDK2 kinase activity. These data suggest that p12(CDK2-AP1) plays a role in cisplatin-mediated cellular responses by modulating CDK2 activity. These data further suggest p12(CDK2-AP1) is a potential gene therapeutic agent for oral/head and neck cancer in conjunction with DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kim
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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37
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Le TN, Cho WJ. Synthesis of Oxychelerythrine Using Lithiated Toluamide-Benzonitrile Cycloaddition. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:118-20. [PMID: 15635245 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxychelerythrine, benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, was synthesized from easily available starting toluamide 5 and benzonitrile 6 using toluamide-benzonitrile cycloaddition reaction in 6 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nguyen Le
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea
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Abstract
The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has recently witnessed the introduction of molecularly targeted agents based on disease biology, target discovery, and validation. One class of agents, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, is currently in phase III trials. There are multiple processes, however, that appear to be suitable for targeted therapy beyond EGFR. These include signal transduction, cell cycle control, prostaglandin synthesis, protein degradation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis. These systems and specific protein targets will be reviewed in detail with emphasis on promising preclinical and early clinical evidence of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra E W Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA.
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