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Knibbe TJ, Biddiss E, Gladstone B, McPherson AC. Characterizing socially supportive environments relating to physical activity participation for young people with physical disabilities. Dev Neurorehabil 2017; 20:294-300. [PMID: 27715364 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2016.1211190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the experiences of young people with physical disabilities relating to social inclusion and physical activity, in order to describe the characteristics of social environments that support participation in physical activity. METHOD An iterative, qualitative design employed in-depth, semi-structured interviews with young people with physical disabilities aged 12-18 (n = 11). Data were analyzed using interpretive thematic analysis. RESULTS Young people described several ways that their social environments help motivate and support them in their physical activity participation. These include providing: fair and equitable participation beyond physical accommodations; belonging through teamwork; and socially supported independence. CONCLUSIONS Supportive social environments characterized by equitable participation, a sense of belonging, and opportunities for interdependence, play a critical role in promoting the health and well-being of young people with physical disabilities. These characteristics are important to consider in the design of both integrated and dedicated physical activity programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Joy Knibbe
- a Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,b Rehabilitation Sciences Institute , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Elaine Biddiss
- a Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,b Rehabilitation Sciences Institute , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,c Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Brenda Gladstone
- d Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,e Child and Youth Mental Health Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Canada
| | - Amy C McPherson
- a Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,b Rehabilitation Sciences Institute , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,d Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Levack WMM, Dean SG, Siegert RJ, McPherson KM. Purposes and mechanisms of goal planning in rehabilitation: the need for a critical distinction. Disabil Rehabil 2007; 28:741-9. [PMID: 16754571 DOI: 10.1080/09638280500265961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine a preliminary typology of purposes and mechanisms ascribed to goal planning in rehabilitation. To demonstrate the importance of making a critical distinction between these different purposes and mechanisms when reviewing or designing research on goal planning in rehabilitation. METHOD A search of Medline, Embase, PsychINFO and CINAHL for articles on goal planning in rehabilitation. Articles were only included if they were about patient populations and made explicit statements regarding the function or purpose of goal planning in rehabilitation. Thematic analysis was used to qualitatively synthesise the purposes and mechanisms of goal planning described in the literature. RESULTS Four major purposes for undertaking goal planning in rehabilitation are identified: (1) to improve patient outcomes (as determined by standardised outcome measures), (2) to enhance patient autonomy, (3) to evaluate outcomes, and (4) to respond to contractual, legislative or professional requirements. The first of these purposes is associated with four distinct mechanisms with the remaining three purposes appearing to relate to one underlying mechanism. CONCLUSIONS This typology offers one approach for critically engaging with the wide-ranging issues in goal planning. Debate stemming from this work could facilitate systematic reviews of this area as well as guide research and application to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M M Levack
- Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Unit, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Science, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Brewster LP, Bennett BK, Gamelli RL. Application of Rehabilitation Ethics to a Selected Burn Patient Population’s Perspective. J Am Coll Surg 2006; 203:766-71. [PMID: 17084341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flame injury confers significant physical and psychologic stress on burn patients. Because most patients and their surrogates lack an understanding of burn injury, and these injuries preclude the meaningful exercise of patient autonomy, informed consent is a challenge for physicians. To better promote patient autonomy, this project collected patient perspectives on the proper duties of patients and physicians after severe burn injury and throughout the recovery phases. STUDY DESIGN Ten survivors of severe burn injury were prospectively identified to represent different causes of injury, support systems, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Six persons participated (4 men, 2 women). Personal interviews with these individuals discussed their perspective and experience regarding physician and patient duties after severe burn injury as they relate to patient autonomy. RESULTS All participants thought that informed consent was unrealistic at the time of their injury, but that this capacity developed over time as their understanding and level of functioning improved. In addition, all believed that the burn physicians' role was to do whatever was medically best for their patients in an emergency situation, but that this duty included the physician educating the patient or surrogates about what these treatments entail. CONCLUSIONS Patient autonomy may be an unrealistic goal acutely for patients with severe burn injuries. Educational approaches to consent may facilitate patient autonomy, participation in decision making, and adherence to care plan over time. The ethical framework for this approach has been accepted in rehabilitation literature, but this is the first demonstration that relevant patient populations agree with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke P Brewster
- Department of Surgery, Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics and Health Policy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Secker B, Goldenberg MJ, Gibson BE, Wagner F, Parke B, Breslin J, Thompson A, Lear JR, Singer PA. Just regionalisation: rehabilitating care for people with disabilities and chronic illnesses. BMC Med Ethics 2006; 7:E9. [PMID: 16939654 PMCID: PMC1569849 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6939-7-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regionalised models of health care delivery have important implications for people with disabilities and chronic illnesses yet the ethical issues surrounding disability and regionalisation have not yet been explored. Although there is ethics-related research into disability and chronic illness, studies of regionalisation experiences, and research directed at improving health systems for these patient populations, to our knowledge these streams of research have not been brought together. Using the Canadian province of Ontario as a case study, we address this gap by examining the ethics of regionalisation and the implications for people with disabilities and chronic illnesses. The critical success factors we provide have broad applicability for guiding and/or evaluating new and existing regionalised health care strategies. DISCUSSION Ontario is in the process of implementing fourteen Local Health Integration Networks (LHINs). The implementation of the LHINs provides a rare opportunity to address systematically the unmet diverse care needs of people with disabilities and chronic illnesses. The core of this paper provides a series of composite case vignettes illustrating integration opportunities relevant to these populations, namely: (i) rehabilitation and services for people with disabilities; (ii) chronic illness and cancer care; (iii) senior's health; (iv) community support services; (v) children's health; (vi) health promotion; and (vii) mental health and addiction services. For each vignette, we interpret the governing principles developed by the LHINs - equitable access based on patient need, preserving patient choice, responsiveness to local population health needs, shared accountability and patient-centred care - and describe how they apply. We then offer critical success factors to guide the LHINs in upholding these principles in response to the needs of people with disabilities and chronic illnesses. SUMMARY This paper aims to bridge an important gap in the literature by examining the ethics of a new regionalisation strategy with a focus on the implications for people with disabilities and chronic illnesses across multiple sites of care. While Ontario is used as a case study to contextualize our discussion, the issues we identify, the ethical principles we apply, and the critical success factors we provide have broader applicability for guiding and evaluating the development of - or revisions to - a regionalised health care strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Secker
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 88 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maya J Goldenberg
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 88 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Philosophy, Michigan State University, 503 South Kedzie Hall, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Barbara E Gibson
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 88 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Wagner
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 88 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Community Care Access Centre, 250 Dundas Street West, Suite 305, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bob Parke
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 88 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Humber River Regional Hospital, 2111 Finch Avenue West, North York, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Breslin
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 88 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- North York General Hospital, 4001 Leslie Street, North York, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Thompson
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 88 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, St. Michael's Hospital, 70 Richmond Street East, 4Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Lear
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 88 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A Singer
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 88 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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