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Di Vincenzo F, Yadid Y, Petito V, Emoli V, Masi L, Gerovska D, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Gasbarrini A, Regenberg B, Scaldaferri F. Circular and Circulating DNA in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Pathogenesis to Potential Molecular Therapies. Cells 2023; 12:1953. [PMID: 37566032 PMCID: PMC10417561 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) are chronic multifactorial disorders which affect the gastrointestinal tract with variable extent. Despite extensive research, their etiology and exact pathogenesis are still unknown. Cell-free DNAs (cfDNAs) are defined as any DNA fragments which are free from the origin cell and able to circulate into the bloodstream with or without microvescicles. CfDNAs are now being increasingly studied in different human diseases, like cancer or inflammatory diseases. However, to date it is unclear how IBD etiology is linked to cfDNAs in plasma. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) are non-plasmidic, nuclear, circular and closed DNA molecules found in all eukaryotes tested. CfDNAs appear to play an important role in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory processes, and cancer; recently, interest has also grown in IBD, and their role in the pathogenesis of IBD has been suggested. We now suggest that eccDNAs also play a role in IBD. In this review, we have comprehensively collected available knowledge in literature regarding cfDNA, eccDNA, and structures involving them such as neutrophil extracellular traps and exosomes, and their role in IBD. Finally, we focused on old and novel potential molecular therapies and drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Vincenzo
- IBD Unit, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (Y.Y.); (V.E.)
| | - Ylenia Yadid
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (Y.Y.); (V.E.)
| | - Valentina Petito
- IBD Unit, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Valeria Emoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (Y.Y.); (V.E.)
| | - Letizia Masi
- IBD Unit, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Daniela Gerovska
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (D.G.); (M.J.A.-B.)
| | - Marcos Jesus Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (D.G.); (M.J.A.-B.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Calle María Díaz Harokoa 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- IBD Unit, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (Y.Y.); (V.E.)
| | - Birgitte Regenberg
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Room 426, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- IBD Unit, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (Y.Y.); (V.E.)
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Zheng B, Cai P, Chen Y, Wu Y, Liu H. PADI4 and IL-33 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33700. [PMID: 37145011 PMCID: PMC10158862 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the association between peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) and interleukin 33 (IL-33) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHOD We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases to retrieve articles published up to January 20, 2023. Stata/SE 17.0 (College Station, TX) software was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The cohort study, case-control study focusing on the PADI4, IL-33 polymorphism, and SLE, JIA were retrieved. The data included basic information of each study and the genotypes and allele frequencies. RESULTS Studies in PADI4 rs2240340 = 2 and 3 IL-33(rs1891385 = 3, rs10975498 = 2, rs1929992 = 4) were found in 6 articles. Overall, only the IL-33 rs1891385 show significant association between SLE in all 5 models. The results were OR (95% CI) = 1.528 (1.312, 1.778), P = .000 in Allele model (C vs A), OR (95% CI) =1.473 (1.092, 1.988), P = .000 in Dominant model (CC + CA vs AA), 2.302 (1.583, 3.349), P = .000 in Recessive model (CC vs CA + AA), 2.711 (1.845, 3.983), P = .000 in Homozygote model (CC vs AA), 5.568 (3.943, 7.863), P = .000 in Heterozygote model (CA vs AA). PADI4 rs2240340, IL-33 rs10975498, IL-33 rs1929992 were not found to be association with the risk of SLE and JIA. In gene model, statistically significant association was found between IL-33 rs1891385 and SLE in sensitivity analysis. Egger's publication bias plot showed there was no publication bias (P = .165). Only in recessive model the heterogeneity test was significant (I2 = 57.9%, P ≤ .093) of IL-33 rs1891385. CONCLUSION The current study suggests that in all 5 model, IL-33 rs1891385 polymorphism may be associated with genetic susceptibility to SLE. There was unclear association found between PADI4 rs2240340, IL-33 rs10975498, and IL-33 rs1929992 polymorphisms and SLE and JIA. Due to the limitations of included studies and the risk of heterogeneity, additional research is required to confirm our findings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023391268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Yuhuan People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | | | | | - Yuechao Wu
- Yuhuan People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
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Zhou Y, Liu X. PADI4 and IL-33 gene polymorphisms associated with differential susceptibility to juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Chinese children. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31598. [PMID: 36550815 PMCID: PMC9771228 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are two common types of autoimmune diseases in children with unclear pathogenesis. Both peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) and interleukin 33 (IL-33) are the key molecular involved in immune responses in autoimmune diseases. Usually, it may share the same risk genetic alleles for autoimmune diseases. METHODS So measurement of PADI4 and IL-33 polymorphisms was conducted with 303 healthy controls, 144 JSLE patients and 160 JIA patients in this study. RESULTS It demonstrated that there was a significant association between PADI4 genotypes (rs2240340: CT, CT + CC), IL-33 genotype (rs1929992: TT) and JSLE susceptibility in Southwest China population. While no significant association with the risk of JIA were observed no matter at allelic or genotypic levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the importance of PADI4 and IL-33 polymorphisms with JSLE risk and their roles in the development of the diseases need more further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Laboratory of Transcription and Splicing Regulation, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xinle Liu
- Laboratory of Transcription and Splicing Regulation, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- *Correspondence: Xinle Liu, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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Mukhtar M, Sheikh N, Batool A, Khawar MB, Fatima N, Mehmood R. Novel functional polymorphism on PADI-4 gene and its association with arthritis onset. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1227-1233. [PMID: 35197789 PMCID: PMC8847927 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Citrullinated proteins formed by peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs) deimination of arginine residues in proteins are of particular interest in arthritis pathogenesis. Polymorphisms on the PADI-4 gene lead to the malfunctioning of PADIs leading to the onset of arthritis. Objective The present study was conducted to determine the polymorphisms on the PADI-4 gene and their association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as Osteoarthritis (OA). Methodology To achieve the above-mentioned objective a case-control study was conducted. Blood samples were collected from RA, OA, and control subjects. DNA was extracted from each blood sample by modified organic method and was quantified as well as qualified by DNA gel electrophoresis and Nanodrop. Patients were tested for rs874881, rs11203366, rs11203367, rs2240336, rs2240337, rs2240339, rs1748033 and rs2240340 polymorphic sites by amplifying targeted regions through PCR with site-specific primers. Genotyping was performed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and direct sequencing method. Mutations were identified by analyzing sequences on BioEdit software. Allelic, genetic, and multiple site analysis were performed by SHEsis and PLINK software. Change in the amino acid sequence was identified by MEGA 6.0 software. Results Polymorphisms were identified on all targeted polymorphic sites except rs2240337 in both RA and OA individuals. In addition, two novel mutations were also identified in exon 4 identified i-e SCV000804840: c.218T > C and SCV000807675: c.241G > T. All the SNPs except rs11203366 were found to be significantly associated with RA at an allelic level whereas all SNP’s have been significant risk factors in the onset of OA. At genotypic level rs874881, rs11203366, rs2240339, SCV000804840 and SCV000807675 were significantly associated to RA development whereas rs874881, rs11203366, rs11203367, rs2240339, SCV000804840 and SCV000807675 were genetic risk factors in OA onset. Haplotype analysis indicated that GACCACGCC and GACCACGCT were highly significant in disease development. Polymorphisms identified altered the functioning of PADIs by altering their amino acid sequence. Conclusion In conclusion, it was found that PADI-4 gene polymorphism was not only involved in the onset of RA but was also found to be a significant risk factor in OA onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mukhtar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Rhumatology Domain, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Andleeb Batool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naz Fatima
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Mehmood
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ghozzi M, Melayah S, Adaily N, Ghedira I. Frequency of serological markers of rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients with active celiac disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24249. [PMID: 35060192 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are multisystem autoimmune diseases affecting 1% of general populationa. Both diseases share genetic and immunological features. AIM In this retrospective study, we aim to determine the frequency of auto-antibodies of RA in adult patients with CD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy seven adult patients with active CD were included in the present study. Ninety healthy blood donors (HBD) served as control group. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides antibodies (CCP-Ab) and rheumatoid factors (RF; IgA, IgG and IgM) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for patients and control group. For statistical analysis, we used Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Our study included 77 adult patients with active celiac disease (57 female, 20 male). Twenty-four (31.2%) active celiac patients and 7 (7.8%) blood donors had CCP-Ab or RF (31.2% vs 7.8%, p < 10-4). Only two patients (2.6%) had both CCP-Ab and RF. IgA was the predominant isotype of RF in celiac patients (n = 18; 23.4%) while none of healthy blood donors had RF-IgA (23.4% vs 0.0%, p < 10-4). CONCLUSION The current study has shown that CD is associated with a high frequency of RF-IgA suggesting that celiac patients could be at a higher risk of developing RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ghozzi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory for "Epidemiology and Immunogenetics of Viral Infections" (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Melayah
- Laboratory of Immunology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Najeh Adaily
- Laboratory of Immunology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Ghedira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Abstract
During apoptosis or activation, cells can release a subcellular structure, called a membrane microvesicle (also known as microparticle) into the extracellular environment. Microvesicles bud-off as a portion of cell membrane with its associated proteins and lipids surrounding a cytosolic core that contains intracellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, siRNA, microRNA, lncRNA). Biologically active molecules on the microvesicle surface and encapsulated within can act on recipient cells as a novel mode of intercellular communication. Apoptosis has long been known to be involved in the development of diseases of autoimmunity. Abnormally persistent microvesicles, particularly apoptotic microvesicles, can accelerate autoimmune responses locally in specific organs and tissues as well as systemically. In this review, we focus on studies implicating microvesicles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and their complications.
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Association between susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and PADI4 polymorphisms: a meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 35:961-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-3098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yang XK, Liu J, Liu J, Liang Y, Xu WD, Leng RX, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Associations Between PADI4 Gene Polymorphisms and Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Updated Meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:317-25. [PMID: 26043831 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies investigating the association between the peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) reported conflicting results. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between PADI4 gene polymorphisms and RA. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the association. RESULTS A total of 34 studies from 28 articles involving 19859 patients with RA and 25771 healthy controls were included. Significant association of PADI4-94G/A polymorphism and RA was observed (OR = 0.891, 95% CI = 0.833-0.954, p = 0.001) in the overall study population and in the Asian populations (OR = 0.824, 95% CI = 0.759-0.894, p = 0.000) respectively. For the -92C/G polymorphism, a significant association was observed (OR = 1.481, 95% CI = 1.166-1.882, p = 0.001) in Africans. For the -90C/T polymorphism, a significant association was observed (OR = 0.576, 95% CI = 0.381-0.872, p = 0.009) in the Latin American population. The pooled estimates for the other polymorphisms were not statistically significantly associated with RA (PADI4-104C/T, -89A/G, -96T/C). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that PADI4-94G/A polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to RA in the overall population and in the Asian population. The PADI4 -92C/G polymorphism confers susceptibility to RA in Africans and the PADI4-90C/T polymorphism was associated with RA in the Latin American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ke Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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Hsu PC, Liao YF, Lin CL, Lin WH, Liu GY, Hung HC. Vimentin is involved in peptidylarginine deiminase 2-induced apoptosis of activated Jurkat cells. Mol Cells 2014; 37:426-34. [PMID: 24850148 PMCID: PMC4044315 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase type 2 (PADI2) deiminates (or citrullinates) arginine residues in protein to citrulline residues in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and is found in lymphocytes and macrophages. Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein and a well-known substrate of PADI2. Citrullinated vimentin is found in ionomycin-induced macrophage apoptosis. Citrullinated vimentin is the target of anti-Sa antibodies, which are specific to rheumatoid arthritis, and play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease. To investigate the role of PADI2 in apoptosis, we generated a Jurkat cell line that overexpressed the PADI2 transgene from a tetracycline-inducible promoter, and used a combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and ionomycin to activate Jurkat cells. We found that PADI2 overexpression reduced the cell viability of activated Jurkat cells in1a dose- and time-dependent manner. The PADI2-overexpressed and -activated Jurkat cells presented typical manifestations of apoptosis, and exhibited greater levels of citrullinated proteins, including citrullinated vimentin. Vimentin overexpression rescued a portion of the cells from apoptosis. In conclusion, PADI2 overexpression induces apoptosis in activated Jurkat cells. Vimentin is involved in PADI2-induced apoptosis. Moreover, PADI2-overexpressed Jurkat cells secreted greater levels of vimentin after activation, and expressed more vimentin on their cell surfaces when undergoing apoptosis. Through artificially highlighting PADI2 and vimentin, we demonstrated that PADI2 and vimentin participate in the apoptotic mechanisms of activated T lymphocytes. The secretion and surface expression of vimentin are possible ways of autoantigen presentation to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Da-Chien General Hospital, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fan Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Chin-Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
| | - Wen-Hao Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yaw Liu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, and Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
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Aggarwal A, Srivastava R, Agrawal S. T cell responses to citrullinated self-peptides in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:2359-63. [PMID: 23543349 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to citrullinated peptides(ACPA) have high specificity for diagnosis and prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ACPA are of IgG isotype and have an association with shared epitope-bearing HLA DR allele, suggesting that T cell help is needed for their generation. In mice models, T cell reactive to citrullinated self-peptide have been reported however, the human data is limited. Patients with RA satisfying ACR criteria were included and peripheral blood obtained for lymphoproliferative assay, antibody level and HLA typing. Citrullinated (Cit) and native peptides of Vimentin and Aggrecan were used for stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 5-day cultures. A SI value above >2.0 was taken as significant. HLA typing was done by SSCP and ACPA were tested by ELISA. A total of 50 patients (45 females; mean age 42 years; mean duration of disease 7 years) with RA were included in the study. A total of 90 % were RF positive and 78 % were ACPA positive. A total of 28 patients showed response to Agg peptide with 21 of them showing higher response to CitAgg as compared to native Agg peptide as well as the median SI was higher with CitAgg (6.07 Vs. 5.09; p = 0.009). A total of 31 patients showed response to Vim peptide with response to native peptide being higher than CitVim peptide in 22 of the patients. There was no association of T cell response with presence of shared epitope. Nearly half the patients with RA show T cell response to aggrecan and vimentin peptides; however, citrullination is not crucial for T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
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Cheng J, Zhang H, Zhuang C, Liu R. Peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 and methyl-CpG binding domain 4 polymorphisms in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:1159-65. [PMID: 22505706 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) and methyl-CpG binding domain 4 (MBD4) are closely related with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that PADI4 and MBD4 polymorphisms may contribute to RA susceptibility. METHODS We studied PADI4 rs2240340 G/A, PADI4 rs874881 C/G, MBD4 rs140693 G/A, and MBD4 rs2005618 T/C gene polymorphisms in 329 patients with RA and 697 controls in a Chinese population. Genotyping was done using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). RESULTS When the PADI4 rs2240340 GG homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the AA genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of RA. In the recessive model, when PADI4 rs2240340 GG/GA genotypes were used as the reference group, the AA homozygote genotype was associated with a significant increased susceptibility to RA. PADI4 rs874881 C/G was in complete linkage disequilibrium with PADI4 rs2240340 G/A. MBD4 rs140693 G/A and MBD4 rs2005618 T/C polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of RA. In stratification analyses, a significantly increased risk for RA associated with the PADI4 rs2240340 AA genotype was evident among older patients and patients who were anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive compared with the PADI4 rs2240340 GG/GA genotype. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the functional single-nucleotide polymorphism PADI4 rs2240340 G/A variant allele is associated with RA development, especially among older patients and ACPA-positive patients. However, our results were obtained from a moderate-sized sample, and therefore this is a preliminary conclusion. Validation by a larger study from a more diverse ethnic population is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinluo Cheng
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Department of Orthopedics, and Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
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Abd-Allah SH, El-Shal AS, Shalaby SM, Pasha HF, El-Saoud AMA, El-Najjar AR, El-Shahawy EE. PADI4 polymorphisms and related haplotype in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Joint Bone Spine 2012; 79:124-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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13
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Chen R, Wei Y, Cai Q, Duan S, Lin J, Fang M, Lv K, Cheng N, Sun S. PADI4 Gene Polymorphism is not Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis in Chinese Han Population. Scand J Immunol 2010; 72:449-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Mahler M, Fritzler MJ. Epitope specificity and significance in systemic autoimmune diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1183:267-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Mulligan-Kehoe MJ, Simons M. Current concepts in normal and defective angiogenesis: implications for systemic sclerosis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2007; 9:173-9. [PMID: 17502049 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-007-0013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascular abnormalities are a major component of systemic sclerosis, but little is known about the events or mechanisms that initiate vascular injury and prevent its repair. Early stages of systemic sclerosis are characterized by an exaggerated angiogenic response later replaced by defective wound healing and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the angiogenic imbalance in systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Mulligan-Kehoe
- Section of Cardiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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16
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of clarithromycin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a 6-month, monocenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A total of 81 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis were treated with either once-daily oral clarithromycin (500 mg) or daily oral placebo for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary efficacy variable was the percentage of patients who had a 20% improvement according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria (an ACR 20 response) at 6-months. Secondary outcome measures were 50% improvement and 70% improvement according to ACR criteria (an ACR 50 response and an ACR 70 response, respectively). RESULTS A significantly greater percentage of patients treated with 500 mg clarithromycin met the ACR 20 response at 6 months compared with patients who received placebo (59 vs. 33%; p < 0.001). Greater percentages of patients treated with 500 mg clarithromycin also achieved ACR 50 responses (34 vs. 10%; p < 0.001) and ACR 70 responses (20 vs. 3%; p = 0.003) compared with patients who received placebo, respectively. Clarithromycin was well tolerated. There were no dose-limiting toxic effects. CONCLUSIONS In patients with early active rheumatoid arthritis, treatment with clarithromycin significantly improved the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Clarithromycin has been shown to be effective against rheumatoid arthritis.
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfasalazine and tetracyclines are effective against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Levofloxacin, the bacteriologically active isomer of ofloxacin, is used in the treatment of infections caused by periodontopathic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of levofloxacin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS In a 6-month, double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 76 patients with persistently active rheumatoid arthritis despite at least 6 months of methotrexate therapy at a stable dose of 15 to 25 mg per week to receive either levofloxacin (500 mg) or placebo orally once daily while continuing to receive methotrexate. The change from baseline to six months in the swollen-joint count and tender-joint count was the primary measure of efficacy. Secondary endpoints included pain, quality of life, duration of morning stiffness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein level, and physician's and patient's global assessments. The data were also analyzed to determine the number of patients meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for 20, 50, and 70% improvement. RESULTS The levofloxacin plus methotrexate was associated with the greatest reduction in the number of swollen or tender joints (P < 0.001). The levofloxacin plus methotrexate group also had significant improvement in many of the secondary outcome measures (P < 0.001). Levofloxacin was well tolerated. There were no dose-limiting toxic effects. CONCLUSION In patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who received methotrexate, treatment with levofloxacin significantly improved the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Ogrendik
- Division of Rheumatology, Nazilli State Hospital, Nazilli, Turkey.
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18
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Lee YH, Rho YH, Choi SJ, Ji JD, Song GG. PADI4 polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int 2007; 27:827-33. [PMID: 17265154 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-007-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis with all available data on the association of allele and genotype of peptidylarginine deiminases 4 (PADI4) polymorphisms with RA overall and in each ethnic population to explore whether the PADI4 polymorphisms confer susceptibility to RA. Nine comparisons, three Asians and six Europeans, from eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall meta-analysis shows a significant association of PADI4_94, 104 and 90 with RA (OR = 1.20, 1.17, 1.35, P = 0.001, <0.0001, 0.006, respectively). There was a significant association with all of the PADI4 polymorphisms with RA in people of Asian descent. However, there was no significant association of PADI4 polymorphisms with RA in people of European descent, except for PADI_94. The presence of 2/2 genotype of the PADI4 significantly increased the risk for RA in European populations (OR = 2.10, 95% CI, 1.66-2.66, P < 0.0001) without between-study heterogeneity (I (2) = 44.3, P = 0.15). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that the PADI4 polymorphisms may represent a significant risk factor for RA in Asians and Europeans and may play a larger role in susceptibility to RA in Asian than in European populations. Further studies are needed to see if the PADI4 gene confers a risk of RA in other ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, 126-1 Ka, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Ku, Seoul, 136-705, Korea.
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19
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Yoshida M, Tsuji M, Kurosaka D, Kurosaka D, Yasuda J, Ito Y, Nishizawa T, Yamada A. Autoimmunity to citrullinated type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2007; 16:276-81. [PMID: 17039307 PMCID: PMC2780673 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-006-0498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The production of autoantibodies to citrullinated type II collagen and the citrullination of type II collagen were analyzed in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoantibodies to citrullinated type II collagen were detected in 78.5% of serum samples from 130 rheumatoid arthritis patients. Autoantibodies to native noncitrullinated type II collagen were detected in 14.6% of serum samples, all of which were positive for anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies. Serum samples were also positive for anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies in 1 of 31 systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 2 of 55 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. In contrast, sera samples from 24 systemic sclerosis patients, 21 dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients, 21 ankylosing spondylitis patients, and 18 psoriatic arthritis patients were all negative for anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies. Anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies and fragments of citrullinated type II collagen were found in the synovial fluid obtained from affected knee joints of 15 rheumatoid arthritis patients. Moreover, anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies were isolated from the synovium of affected knee joints in 8 rheumatoid arthritis patients using antigen/antibody immunocomplex dissociation buffer but not by using standard buffers. These findings indicate that autoantibodies that react with citrullinated type II collagen are specifically produced and that immunocomplexes composed of fragments of citrullinated type II collagen and autoantibodies are deposited in the inflamed articular synovium in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Assaying for the presence of anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies may therefore be useful for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis, and the deposition of these immunocomplexes in the articular synovium may be involved in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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20
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Ogrendik M. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ornidazole: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Rheumatol Int 2006; 26:1132-7. [PMID: 16770616 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-006-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ornidazole in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This was 3 months, randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled study. A total of 160 patients with active RA were randomly assigned to receive 1,000 mg ornidazole (n = 53), 500 mg ornidazole (n = 55), or placebo (n = 52). A significantly greater percentage of patients treated with 1,000 mg ornidazole met the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (achieved an ACR20 response) at 3 months compared with patients who received placebo (62.0 vs. 32.4%; P < 0.001). Greater percentages of patients treated with 1,000 mg ornidazole also achieved ACR50 responses (38.3 vs. 10.9%; P < 0.001) and ACR70 responses (19.6 vs. 1.2%; P < 0.001) compared with patients who received placebo. Ornidazole treatment was also associated with significant reductions in pain and duration of morning stiffness, significant improvement in the quality of life and both the physician's and patient's global assessments, and significant reductions in disease activity as assessed by objective laboratory measures (erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level). Ornidazole was well tolerated. There were no dose-limiting toxic effects. In this 3-month-trial ornidazole was safe, well tolerated, and associated with improvement in the inflammatory symptoms of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Ogrendik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nazilli State Hospital, Nazilli, Aydin, Turkey.
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21
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Akagawa M, Ito S, Toyoda K, Ishii Y, Tatsuda E, Shibata T, Yamaguchi S, Kawai Y, Ishino K, Kishi Y, Adachi T, Tsubata T, Takasaki Y, Hattori N, Matsuda T, Uchida K. Bispecific abs against modified protein and DNA with oxidized lipids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:6160-5. [PMID: 16603628 PMCID: PMC1458848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600865103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a racemic mixture of 4R- and 4S-enantiomers, is a major product of lipid peroxidation and is believed to be largely responsible for the cytopathological effects observed during oxidative stress. HNE reacts with histidine to form a stable HNE-histidine Michael addition-type adduct possessing three chiral centers in the cyclic hemiacetal structure. We have previously raised the mAbs, anti-R mAb 310 and anti-S mAb S412, that enantioselectively recognized the R-HNE-histidine and R-HNE-histidine adducts, respectively, and demonstrated the presence of both epitopes in vivo. In the present study, to further investigate the anti-HNE immune response, we analyzed the variable genes and primary structure of these Abs and found that the sequence of R310 was highly homologous to anti-DNA autoantibodies, the hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus. An x-ray crystallographic analysis of the R310 Fab fragment showed that the R-HNE-histidine adduct binds to a hydrophobic pocket in the antigen-binding site. Despite the structural identity to the anti-DNA autoantibodies, however, R310 showed only a slight crossreactivity with the native double-stranded DNA, whereas the Ab immunoreactivity was dramatically enhanced by the treatment of the DNA with 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE), an analog of HNE. Moreover, the 7-(2-oxo-heptyl)-substituted 1,N2-etheno-type ONE-2'-deoxynucleoside adducts were identified as alternative epitopes of R310. Molecular mimicry between the R-HNE-histidine configurational isomers and the ONE-DNA base adducts is proposed for the dual crossreactivity.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehydes/immunology
- Aldehydes/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/chemistry
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/genetics
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/chemistry
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Autoantibodies/chemistry
- Autoantibodies/genetics
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Cross Reactions
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/drug effects
- DNA/immunology
- DNA Adducts/immunology
- Deoxyribonucleosides/chemistry
- Deoxyribonucleosides/immunology
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology
- Lipid Peroxidation
- Lipids/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Mice
- Molecular Mimicry/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Proteins/chemistry
- Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsugu Akagawa
- *Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Toyoda
- *Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Ishii
- *Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Emi Tatsuda
- *Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- *Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamaguchi
- *Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Kawai
- *Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kousuke Ishino
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kishi
- Laboratory of Immunology, School of Biomedical Science, and
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Laboratory of Immunology, School of Biomedical Science, and
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo 102-8666, Japan; and
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Laboratory of Immunology, School of Biomedical Science, and
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo 102-8666, Japan; and
| | | | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- *Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- *Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Ogrendik M, Hakguder A, Keser N. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ornidazole. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:636-7. [PMID: 16436488 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Suri A, Lovitch SB, Unanue ER. The wide diversity and complexity of peptides bound to class II MHC molecules. Curr Opin Immunol 2005; 18:70-7. [PMID: 16316750 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The identification and quantitation of peptides selected by class II MHC molecules during natural processing of proteins is of key importance in understanding the repertoire and distribution of T cells. The examination of peptides selected by class II MHC molecules has depended greatly on mass spectrometry, a powerful technique that identifies and sequences peptides in complex mixtures with great sensitivity and precision. Such analysis has resulted in the identification of several factors, including the repertoire of peptides selected by MHC molecules during natural processing of proteins, motifs important for selection of processed peptides, conformational isomers of peptide-MHC complexes, and post-translational changes to the peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Suri
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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24
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Abstract
Proteomics is a fast-growing discipline in biomedicine that can be defined as the large-scale characterization of the entire protein complement of a cell, tissue or organism. Because protein levels and function may be critically dependent upon post-transcriptional mechanisms (e.g. post-translational modifications), there has been significant interest in directly examining protein structure and function. It is now clear that proteomics studies may unmask previously unknown functions of proteins or protein interactions. However, proteomics in the field of rheumatology is still in its infancy. This review guides the reader through the consecutive steps of a proteomics study and provides an outline of the applications in the field of rheumatology, which may range from proteome analyses of biological fluids of rheumatic diseases to identify possible new diagnostic tools, towards more pathophysiological studies on target tissues, such as synovial tissue or articular cartilage. Proteomics has great potential in the field of rheumatology and will no doubt have a great impact on our molecular understanding of these complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tilleman
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Barton A, Bowes J, Eyre S, Symmons D, Worthington J, Silman A. Investigation of polymorphisms in the PADI4 gene in determining severity of inflammatory polyarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64:1311-5. [PMID: 15731287 PMCID: PMC1755648 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.034173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A functional haplotype of the peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) gene has recently been identified as a rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility gene in a Japanese but not in a UK population. One possible explanation for this disparity is that the gene determines severity of rather than susceptibility to inflammatory polyarthritis (IP) and that the UK and Japanese cohorts differed in terms of outcome. AIM To examine the association between individual PADI4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes, with the development and severity of erosions by five years in patients with IP. METHODS 438 patients from the NOAR inception cohort of patients with IP were x rayed five years after presentation with early IP. Association with four exonic SNPs (padi4_89*G/A, padi4_90*T/C, padi4_92*G/C, and padi4_104*T/C), mapping to the PADI4 gene and defining a haplotype previously reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis, was investigated. Patients were compared for the presence, extent, and progression of erosions by five years and the presence of antibodies to citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP antibodies). RESULTS There was no association between individual PADI4 SNPs or haplotypes and the development or extent of erosions by five years. Restricting analysis to patients who satisfied ACR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis by five years did not alter the conclusions. No association with presence of anti-CCP antibodies was detected. CONCLUSIONS No evidence was found for association of the PADI4 gene with severity as assessed by erosive outcome at five years or with presence of anti-CCP antibodies in patients with IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barton
- ARC-EU, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Ikari K, Kuwahara M, Nakamura T, Momohara S, Hara M, Yamanaka H, Tomatsu T, Kamatani N. Association betweenPADI4 and rheumatoid arthritis: A replication study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:3054-7. [PMID: 16200584 DOI: 10.1002/art.21309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 gene (PADI4) was recently reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Japanese population. The presence of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in intron 3 of PADI4 provided the strongest evidence of this association. Moreover, functional haplotypes that affect stability of transcripts were identified. However, subsequent research failed to confirm the observed association in a UK population. The present study was undertaken to further investigate the association of PADI4 with RA, using a series of population-based samples from subjects with the same ethnic background as the subjects in the original study. METHODS DNA samples were obtained from 1,230 Japanese RA patients and 948 ethnically matched controls. Genotyping was performed using 5' allele discrimination assays. All samples were genotyped for 3 SNPs on PADI4 (padi4_94, padi4_104, and padi4_102), which comprised the reported haplotypes. Chi-square testing was performed for a case-control study and the PENHAPLO program was used for haplotype estimation. RESULTS All tested SNPs were found to show significant differences in frequency between cases and controls (P = 0.010-0.0008), which confirmed the association observed in the original study. Odds ratios calculated for allele frequencies were 1.23, 1.21, and 1.36 in padi4_94, padi4_104, and padi4_102 respectively. CONCLUSION Replication of association in individual samples strongly suggests that PADI4 is a true susceptibility gene for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Ikari
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kwada, Tokyo, Japan.
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27
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Meyer O. Is the celiac disease model relevant to rheumatoid arthritis? Joint Bone Spine 2004; 71:4-6. [PMID: 14769512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2003] [Accepted: 10/09/2003] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Barton A, Bowes J, Eyre S, Spreckley K, Hinks A, John S, Worthington J. A functional haplotype of the PADI4 gene associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a Japanese population is not associated in a United Kingdom population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:1117-21. [PMID: 15077293 DOI: 10.1002/art.20169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the era of postgenomic research, linkage- and association-based strategies are beginning to reveal novel complex disease genes. Using such an approach, a functional haplotype of the peptidylarginine deiminase 4 gene (PADI4) has recently been identified as a gene conferring susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Japanese population. In the present study, we investigated the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PADI4 gene with RA in a UK population. METHODS Association with 4 exonic SNPs (padi4_89*G/A, padi4_90*T/C, padi4_92*G/C, and padi4_104*T/C), mapping to the PADI4 gene and defining a haplotype previously reported to be associated with RA, was investigated. Genotyping was performed using 5' allelic discrimination assays. Estimated haplotypes were generated using the expectation-maximization algorithm, and frequencies of the SNPs and haplotypes were compared between unrelated Caucasian RA patients from the UK (n = 839) and population controls (n = 481). RESULTS Allele frequencies for the 4 SNPs in the UK population were similar to those reported in the Japanese control population, but none of these was associated with RA. As in the Japanese population, the SNPs in the UK population defined 2 major haplotypes, but neither was associated with RA (P = 0.79). CONCLUSION A PADI4 susceptibility haplotype associated with RA in a Japanese population is not associated with RA in a UK population. Other genes involved in the citrullinating pathway remain strong candidate RA-susceptibility genes and require further investigation.
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Lopez MF, Melov S, Johnson F, Nagulko N, Golenko E, Kuzdzal S, Ackloo S, Mikulskis A. Proteomic analysis of mitochondrial proteins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2004; 61:31-48. [PMID: 15482810 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(04)61002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Lopez
- PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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30
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Suzuki A, Yamada R, Chang X, Tokuhiro S, Sawada T, Suzuki M, Nagasaki M, Nakayama-Hamada M, Kawaida R, Ono M, Ohtsuki M, Furukawa H, Yoshino S, Yukioka M, Tohma S, Matsubara T, Wakitani S, Teshima R, Nishioka Y, Sekine A, Iida A, Takahashi A, Tsunoda T, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto K. Functional haplotypes of PADI4, encoding citrullinating enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase 4, are associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet 2003; 34:395-402. [PMID: 12833157 DOI: 10.1038/ng1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 802] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2003] [Accepted: 06/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis frequently have autoantibodies to citrullinated peptides, suggesting the involvement of the peptidylarginine deiminases citrullinating enzymes (encoded by PADI genes) in rheumatoid arthritis. Previous linkage studies have shown that a susceptibility locus for rheumatoid arthritis includes four PADI genes but did not establish which PADI gene confers susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. We used a case-control linkage disequilibrium study to show that PADI type 4 is a susceptibility locus for rheumatoid arthritis (P = 0.000008). PADI4 was expressed in hematological and rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues. We also identified a haplotype of PADI4 associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis that affected stability of transcripts and was associated with levels of antibody to citrullinated peptide in sera from individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Our results imply that the PADI4 haplotype associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis increases production of citrullinated peptides acting as autoantigens, resulting in heightened risk of developing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Suzuki
- Laboratory for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Hill JA, Southwood S, Sette A, Jevnikar AM, Bell DA, Cairns E. Cutting edge: the conversion of arginine to citrulline allows for a high-affinity peptide interaction with the rheumatoid arthritis-associated HLA-DRB1*0401 MHC class II molecule. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:538-41. [PMID: 12847215 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is genetically associated with MHC class II molecules that contain the shared epitope. These MHC molecules may participate in disease pathogenesis by selectively binding arthritogenic peptides for presentation to autoreactive CD4(+) T cells. The nature of the arthritogenic Ag is not known, but recent work has identified posttranslationally modified proteins containing citrulline (deiminated arginine) as specific targets of the IgG Ab response in RA patients. To understand how citrulline might evoke an autoimmune reaction, we have studied T cell responses to citrulline-containing peptides in HLA-DRB1*0401 transgenic (DR4-IE tg) mice. In this study, we demonstrate that the conversion of arginine to citrulline at the peptide side-chain position interacting with the shared epitope significantly increases peptide-MHC affinity and leads to the activation CD4(+) T cells in DR4-IE tg mice. These results reveal how DRB1 alleles with the shared epitope could initiate an autoimmune response to citrullinated self-Ags in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Hill
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
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Romijn EP, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJR. Recent liquid chromatographic-(tandem) mass spectrometric applications in proteomics. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1000:589-608. [PMID: 12877191 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Conventional proteomics makes use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometric analysis of typtic fragments derived from in-gel digestion of proteins. Although being a very strong technique capable of separating and visualizing hundreds of proteins, 2D-gel electrophoresis has some well-documented disadvantages as well. More recently, liquid chromatographic-(tandem) mass spectrometric techniques have been developed to overcome some of the shortcomings of 2D-gel electrophoresis. In this review we have described several recent applications of liquid chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry in the field of proteomics and especially in the field of membrane proteomics, quantitative proteomics and in the analysis of post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin P Romijn
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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