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Su J, Wu C, Zou J, Wang X, Yang K, Liu J, Wu Z, Zhang W. Fine-tuning of liposome integrity for differentiated transcytosis and enhanced antitumor efficacy. J Control Release 2024; 372:69-84. [PMID: 38866244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Transcytosis-inducing nanomedicines have been developed to improve tumor extravasation. However, the fate during transcytosis across multicell layers and the structural integrity of the nanomedicines before reaching tumor cells could impact antitumor therapy. Here, a BAY 87-2243 (a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibitor)-loaded liposomal system (HA-P-LBAY) modified by low molecular weight protamine (LMWP) and crosslinked by hyaluronic acid (HA) was constructed. This system could accomplish differentiate cellular transport in endothelial and tumor cells by fine-tuning its structural integrity, i.e. transcytosis across the endothelial cells while preserving structural integrity, facilitating subsequent retention and drug release within tumor cells via degradation-induced aggregation. In vitro cellular uptake and transwell studies demonstrated that HA-P-LBAY were internalized by endothelial cells (bEnd.3) via an active, caveolin and heparin sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-mediated endocytosis, and subsequently achieved transcytosis mainly through the ER/Golgi pathway. Moreover, the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) study showed that HA-crosslinking maintained higher integrity of HA-P-LBAY after transcytosis, more efficiently than electrostatic coating of HA (HA/P-LBAY). In addition, more HA-P-LBAY was retained in tumor cells (4T1) compared to HA/P-LBAY corresponding to its enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity. This may be attributed to better integrity of HA-P-LBAY post endothelial transcytosis and more degradation of HA in tumor cells, leading to more liposome aggregation and inhibition of their transcytosis, which was inferred by both TEM images and the HAase responsiveness assay proved by FRET. In vivo, HA-P-LBAY exhibited more potency in tumor suppression than the other formulations in both low and high permeability tumor models. This highlighted that fine-tuning of structural integrity of nanocarriers played a key role no matter whether the transcytosis of nanocarriers contributed to cellular transport. Collectively, this study provides a promising strategy for antitumor therapies by fine-tuning liposome integrity to achieve active trans-endothelial transport with structural integrity and selective aggregation for prolonged tumor retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Xinqiuyue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Kaiyun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.
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Kulesskaya N, Mugantseva E, Minkeviciene R, Acosta N, Rouhiainen A, Kuja-Panula J, Kislin M, Piirainen S, Paveliev M, Rauvala H. Low-Molecular Weight Protamine Overcomes Chondroitin Sulfate Inhibition of Neural Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:865275. [PMID: 35547817 PMCID: PMC9084902 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.865275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protamine is an arginine-rich peptide that replaces histones in the DNA-protein complex during spermatogenesis. Protamine is clinically used in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery to neutralize the effects of heparin that is required during the treatment. Here we demonstrate that protamine and its 14–22 amino acid long fragments overcome the neurite outgrowth inhibition by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) that are generally regarded as major inhibitors of regenerative neurite growth after injuries of the adult central nervous system (CNS). Since the full-length protamine was found to have toxic effects on neuronal cells we used the in vitro neurite outgrowth assay to select a protamine fragment that retains the activity to overcome the neurite outgrowth inhibition on CSPG substrate and ended up in the 14 amino acid fragment, low-molecular weight protamine (LMWP). In contrast to the full-length protamine, LMWP displays very low or no toxicity in our assays in vitro and in vivo. We therefore started studies on LMWP as a possible drug lead in treatment of CNS injuries, such as the spinal cord injury (SCI). LMWP mimicks HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; pleiotrophin) in that it overcomes the CSPG inhibition on neurite outgrowth in primary CNS neurons in vitro and inhibits binding of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) sigma, an inhibitory receptor in neurite outgrowth, to its CSPG ligand. Furthermore, the chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains of the cell matrix even enhance the LMWP-induced neurite outgrowth on CSPG substrate. In vivo studies using the hemisection and hemicontusion SCI models in mice at the cervical level C5 revealed that LMWP enhances recovery when administered through intracerebroventricular or systemic route. We suggest that LMWP is a promising drug lead to develop therapies for CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kulesskaya
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Mugantseva
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rimante Minkeviciene
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia Acosta
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Rouhiainen
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kuja-Panula
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikhail Kislin
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Piirainen
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikhail Paveliev
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Rauvala
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Katana B, Rouster P, Varga G, Muráth S, Glinel K, Jonas AM, Szilagyi I. Self-Assembly of Protamine Biomacromolecule on Halloysite Nanotubes for Immobilization of Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 3:522-530. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Katana
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Paul Rouster
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Muráth
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karine Glinel
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Istvan Szilagyi
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Approaches to prevent bleeding associated with anticoagulants: current status and recent developments. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:928-944. [PMID: 28741113 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anticoagulants are widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders and to prevent blood clotting during surgeries. However, the major limitation associated with anticoagulant therapy is bleeding; all the current anticoagulants do have a bleeding risk. The propensity to bleed is much higher among the elderly population and patients with renal insufficiency. Therefore, there is an utmost and urgent clinical need for a highly efficient, nontoxic antidote with excellent anticoagulant reversal activity. This will significantly improve the safety of anticoagulation therapy. This review summarizes the current options and approaches to reverse anticoagulation activity of clinically used anticoagulants. We start with an introduction to thrombosis and then summarize the details of current clinically available anticoagulants and their mechanisms of action and limitations. This is followed by current practices in anticoagulant neutralization including the details of the only clinically approved unfractionated heparin antidote, protamine; recent advances in the development of antidotes against heparin-based drugs; and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
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Park J, Hwang SR, Choi JU, Alam F, Byun Y. Self-assembled nanocomplex of PEGylated protamine and heparin–suramin conjugate for accumulation at the tumor site. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rouster P, Pavlovic M, Horváth E, Forró L, Dey SK, Szilagyi I. Influence of Protamine Functionalization on the Colloidal Stability of 1D and 2D Titanium Oxide Nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9750-9758. [PMID: 28829607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The colloidal stability of titanium oxide nanosheets (TNS) and nanowires (TiONW) was studied in the presence of protamine (natural polyelectrolyte) in aqueous dispersions, where the nanostructures possessed negative net charge, and the protamine was positively charged. Regardless of their shape, similar charging and aggregation behaviors were observed for both TNS and TiONW. Electrophoretic experiments performed at different protamine loadings revealed that the adsorption of protamine led to charge neutralization and charge inversion depending on the polyelectrolyte dose applied. Light scattering measurements indicated unstable dispersions once the surface charge was close to zero or slow aggregation below and above the charge neutralization point with negatively or positively charged nanostructures, respectively. These stability regimes were confirmed by the electron microscopy images taken at different polyelectrolyte loadings. The protamine dose and salt-dependent colloidal stability confirmed the presence of DLVO-type interparticle forces, and no experimental evidence was found for additional interactions (e.g., patch-charge, hydrophobic, or steric forces), which are usually present in similar polyelectrolyte-particle systems. These findings indicate that the polyelectrolyte adsorbs on the TNS and TiONW surfaces in a flat and extended conformation giving rise to the absence of surface heterogeneities. Therefore, protamine is an excellent biocompatible candidate to form smooth surfaces, for instance in multilayers composed of polyelectrolytes and particles to be used in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rouster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marko Pavlovic
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Endre Horváth
- School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - László Forró
- School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandwip K Dey
- Materials Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Istvan Szilagyi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Nose-to-brain delivery of macromolecules mediated by cell-penetrating peptides. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:352-8. [PMID: 27471676 PMCID: PMC4951590 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain delivery of macromolecular therapeutics (e.g., proteins) remains an unsolved problem because of the formidable blood–brain barrier (BBB). Although a direct pathway of nose-to-brain transfer provides an answer to circumventing the BBB and has already been intensively investigated for brain delivery of small drugs, new challenges arise for intranasal delivery of proteins because of their larger size and hydrophilicity. In order to overcome the barriers and take advantage of available pathways (e.g., epithelial tight junctions, uptake by olfactory neurons, transport into brain tissues, and intra-brain diffusion), a low molecular weight protamine (LMWP) cell-penetrating peptide was utilized to facilitate nose-to-brain transport. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been widely used to mediate macromolecular delivery through many kinds of biobarriers. Our results show that conjugates of LMWP–proteins are able to effectively penetrate into the brain after intranasal administration. The CPP-based intranasal method highlights a promising solution for protein therapy of brain diseases.
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Low molecular weight protamine (LMWP): A nontoxic protamine substitute and an effective cell-penetrating peptide. J Control Release 2014; 193:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yao YD, Sun TM, Huang SY, Dou S, Lin L, Chen JN, Ruan JB, Mao CQ, Yu FY, Zeng MS, Zang JY, Liu Q, Su FX, Zhang P, Lieberman J, Wang J, Song E. Targeted delivery of PLK1-siRNA by ScFv suppresses Her2+ breast cancer growth and metastasis. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:130ra48. [PMID: 22517885 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle to developing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as cancer drugs is their intracellular delivery to disseminated cancer cells. Fusion proteins of single-chain fragmented antibodies (ScFvs) and positively charged peptides deliver siRNAs into specific target cells. However, the therapeutic potential of ScFv-mediated siRNA delivery has not been evaluated in cancer. Here, we tested whether Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) siRNAs complexed with a Her2-ScFv-protamine peptide fusion protein (F5-P) could suppress Her2(+) breast cancer cell lines and primary human cancers in orthotopic breast cancer models. PLK1-siRNAs transferred by F5-P inhibited target gene expression, reduced proliferation, and induced apoptosis of Her2(+) breast cancer cell lines and primary human cancer cells in vitro without triggering an interferon response. Intravenously injected F5-P/PLK1-siRNA complexes concentrated in orthotopic Her2(+) breast cancer xenografts and persisted for at least 72 hours, leading to suppressed PLK1 gene expression and tumor cell apoptosis. The intravenously injected siRNA complexes retarded Her2(+) breast tumor growth, reduced metastasis, and prolonged survival without evident toxicity. F5-P-mediated delivery of a cocktail of PLK1, CCND1, and AKT siRNAs was more effective than an equivalent dose of PLK1-siRNAs alone. These data suggest that F5-P could be used to deliver siRNAs to treat Her2(+) breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-dan Yao
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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David AE, Gong J, Chertok B, Domszy RC, Moon C, Park YS, Wang NS, Yang AJ, Yang VC. Immobilized thermolysin for highly efficient production of low-molecular-weight protamine-An attractive cell-penetrating peptide for macromolecular drug delivery applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:211-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Szabó G, Veres G, Radovits T, Haider H, Krieger N, Bährle S, Niklisch S, Miesel-Gröschel C, van de Locht A, Karck M. The novel synthetic serine protease inhibitor CU-2010 dose-dependently reduces postoperative blood loss and improves postischemic recovery after cardiac surgery in a canine model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 139:732-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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He H, Dong W, Gong J, Wang J, Yang VC. Developing macromolecular therapeutics: the future drug-of-choice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-009-0291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Surface coating of PLGA microparticles with protamine enhances their immunological performance through facilitated phagocytosis. J Control Release 2008; 130:161-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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