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Frankenberger R, Becker S, Beck-Broichsitter B, Albrecht-Hass S, Behrens CJ, Roggendorf MJ, Koch A. 40-Year Outcome of Old-School, Non-Surgical Endodontic Treatment: Practice-Based Retrospective Evaluation. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:90. [PMID: 38668002 PMCID: PMC11049336 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Non-surgical endodontic treatment has been shown to be clinically successful; however, clinical long-term data are scarce. This practice-based retrospective clinical investigation evaluated endodontic outcomes over 40 years and identified relevant clinical co-factors. (2) Methods: Two experienced dental practitioners in two different private dental practices treated 174 patients with 245 teeth from 1969 to 1993. After root canal obturation, either a new direct restoration (amalgam, resin composite, or glass-ionomer cement) or the re-cementation of a pre-existing prosthetic restoration or renewal of prosthetic restoration followed. Metal posts (operator A) or metal screws (operator B) were inserted when coronal substance loss was significant. The primary outcome (i.e., tooth survival) was achieved when the endodontically treated tooth was, in situ, painless and had full function at the end of the observation period. A secondary outcome, the impact of different prognostic factors on survival rate, was evaluated. (3) Results: The overall mean survival was 56.1% of all treated teeth after 40 years of clinical service, resulting in an annual failure rate of 1.1%. Most investigated clinical co-factors (jaw, tooth position, intracanal dressings, post/screw placement, and gender) showed no significant influence on survival. (4) Conclusions: Even with materials and techniques from the 1970s and 1980s, successful root canal treatment was achievable. Except for post-endodontic restorations, most of the evaluated factors had no significant influence on the clinical long-term survival of root canal-treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Frankenberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Center for Dentistry, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, 35392 Marburg, Germany; (M.J.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Stephan Becker
- Prof. Becker & Kollegen, Kehdenstrasse 2-10, 47803 Kiel, Germany; (S.B.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Benedicta Beck-Broichsitter
- Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stuttgart City Clinic, Kriegsbergerstr. 60, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | | | - Charlotte J. Behrens
- Prof. Becker & Kollegen, Kehdenstrasse 2-10, 47803 Kiel, Germany; (S.B.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Matthias J. Roggendorf
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Center for Dentistry, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, 35392 Marburg, Germany; (M.J.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Andreas Koch
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Center for Dentistry, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, 35392 Marburg, Germany; (M.J.R.); (A.K.)
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Samudrala A, Majeti C, Chowdary KH, Potru LB, Yaragani A, Kumar YP, Sidhu GK, Kathuria NS. A Comparative Study on the Shaping Ability and Cleaning Efficiency of Two Different Single-File Systems, Reciprocating Wave One Versus Continuous Rotation F360, Evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e37503. [PMID: 37187639 PMCID: PMC10181878 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In endodontics, the three processes of biomechanical preparation, disinfection, and obturation are each essential. The electron microprobe and scanning electron microscope (SEM) allowed for the detection and identification of the smear layer and debris. The purpose of the current investigation was to use a scanning electron microscope to evaluate the relative merits of two single-file systems, the reciprocating WaveOne and the continuous motion F360 files, in the cleaning and contouring of root canals in removed teeth. Materials and method: The 50 central maxillary permanent teeth Data was gathered from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Division at Sri Ganganagar's Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre for a number of reasons. Group A followed the manufacturer's guidelines for using the WaveOne instrument, whereas Group B utilised the F360. Reciprocating motion WaveOne system (group A) and continuous motion F360 system (group B) root canals were scored at three levels: coronal third, middle third, and apical third (group B). SPSS version 22 was used for the data analysis. The data were examined using the chi-square test and the one-way analysis of variance. Results: A greater quantity of smear layer was found in the apical third, whereas better results were achieved in the coronal and middle thirds. When compared to the F360 file system, the WaveOne file system is subpar when it comes to clearing the canal of debris. While both groups showed a large amount of debris in the apical third, outcomes were somewhat better in the coronal and middle thirds. Conclusion: The WaveOne and F360 file systems were both more effective in removing trash from the coronal and middle thirds of the disc than they were from the apical thirds. In comparison to the continuous motion F360 file system, WaveOne files demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the amount of debris cleared from root canals in all three root zone thirds (coronal, middle, and apical). The reciprocating action of the WaveOne file system, in contrast to the continuous motion of the F360 file system, resulted in more extensive cleaning of the root canal smear layer in the coronal and middle thirds and less thorough cleaning in the apical thirds of the canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Samudrala
- Conservative Dentistry, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sriganganagar, IND
| | - Chandrakanth Majeti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SB Patil Dental College and Hospital, Bidar, IND
| | - Kommineni Harika Chowdary
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Nizamabad, IND
| | - Lakshmi Bhavani Potru
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, IND
| | - Anusha Yaragani
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) Dental College, Amalapuram, IND
| | - Yata Prashanth Kumar
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Gagandeep K Sidhu
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sriganganagar, IND
| | - Navneet S Kathuria
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sriganganagar, IND
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Challagulla A, Chandrappa V, Akurathi R, N Mrudula KJ, Vemagiri CT, Thote K. Evaluation of root canal cleaning efficacy of selfadjusting files, protaper rotary, and manual K-Files in primary teeth - An In vitro Comparative study. Indian J Dent Res 2023; 34:65-68. [PMID: 37417060 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_66_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The success of pulpectomy depends on complete eradication of microbial load by cleaning and shaping the primary root canals that is difficult to achieve because of anatomical intricacy of primary pulp dentin complex. Numerous instruments were tried, however, they proved to be inadequate. Selfadjusting file (SAF) is a newer file system that facilitates less dentin removal with maximal cleansing of root canals. Aim To evaluate and compare the in vitro root canal cleaning efficacy with SAF, Protaper Universal, and Hand K-files in primary teeth. Materials and Methods Sixty extracted primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into three groups by lottery method. Access cavity was prepared, the canals were enlarged up to 20 K file, and an Indian ink was injected into each canal. Then the Group I (n = 20) was treated with SAF, Group II (n = 20) with Rotary Protaper Universal and Group III (n = 20) with Hand K-files and the root canal cleaning efficacy was evaluated based on the amount of Indian ink remaining in the canal walls under stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis one way ANOVA test and post hoc Tuckey test for intragroup and intergroup comparison, respectively. Results A statistically highly significant difference was observed with SAF (mean = 1.5), Protaper (mean = 2.5), and Hand K-files (mean = 2.9). However, there was no significant difference in root canal cleaning efficacy with Protaper Universal and Hand K-files. Conclusion The SAFs had shown superior cleaning efficacy compared with rotary Protaper Universal and manual K files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Challagulla
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Meghna Dental College, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vinay Chandrappa
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnaditya Akurathi
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K J N Mrudula
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. S&N Dental College, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Charan Teja Vemagiri
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, GSL Dental College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kiranmayi Thote
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Meghna Dental College, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
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Waleed D, Selivany BJ. Debridement Ability of TruNatomy, S-One Plus, and Other Single File Systems. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rotary nickel titanium instrument are an essential part of endodontic treatment, it is important to compare the root canal cleaning ability of these instruments.
AIM: This study aimed to compare the amount of smear and debris layer remained following the use of four rotary instruments with an irrigant solution: TruNatomy (TRN), Protaper Next (PTN), S-One Plus and Wave One Gold (WOG).
METHODS: A total of 80 extracted mandibular premolars were used and decoronated to the cemento-enamel junction. The roots were randomly divided into four groups of 20 specimens each. The roots were instrumented according to the manufacturer’s instructions of each file, the root canals were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Ethylene-diaminete-traacetic acid (EDTA) and Normal saline with each file use, two grooves were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces by disc to facilitate vertical splitting with a chisel. The presence of the smear layer and the debris layer were evaluated under Scanning Electron Microscope.
RESULTS: Trunatomy remove the smear layer substantially better than PTN and S-one Plus. Wave one gold significantly removes smear layer better PTN. The amount of debris remained in TruNatomy group was significantly lower than other groups, all experimental files significantly removes the smear layer and debris layer better in the middle and coronal thirds compared to apical third.
CONCLUSION: TruNatomy showed better cleaning capacity than all other experimental groups and all experimental groups demonstrated better cleanliness at the coronal and middle third of the roots.
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Jadhav G, Mittal P, Kalra D. Effect of two different volumes of sodium hypochlorite on endodontic treatment outcome following single-visit root canal treatment: A split-mouth, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. ENDODONTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_10_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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El-Kishawi M, Khalaf K. An Update on Root Canal Preparation Techniques and How to Avoid Procedural Errors in Endodontics. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Effective root canal treatment involves cleaning and shaping root canals using a range of instrumentation procedures and techniques. The aim of this review was to provide an update on root canal hand instrumentation techniques and how to overcome iatrogenic errors.
Methods:
A comprehensive search was carried out using multiple databases, PubMed, Medline, Google scholar, and Scopus, to identify relevant studies addressing the objective of this study and to summarize the current evidence to readers. Keywords, i.e., endodontics, root canal preparation, hand instrumentation, techniques and procedural errors, as well as, MeSH terms, i.e. “endodontics”, “instrumentation”, “root canal preparation” were used to conduct our comprehensive search.
Results:
The hybrid technique is a commonly-used approach that combines the benefits of both the crown-down and step-back techniques and was reported to be one of the best techniques to produce an optimal root canal preparation outcome. Hand-instrument manipulation using the balanced forced technique is also favoured as it rapidly and safely permits removal of canal contents allowing irrigants and medications to reach deep inside canal spaces.
Conclusion:
The use of hand files is still recommended for initial canal negotiation and preparation and is essential for the correction of procedural errors. This study provided an update on several hand instrumentation techniques commonly used in endodontics. The correct and safe application of these techniques can prevent iatrogenic procedural errors from occurring which optimizes the quality of treatment outcome.
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Babashahi E, Kartalaie MM, Basir L, Rakhshan V. Volumetric Assessment of Root Canal Obturation Using 3% Nano-Chitosan versus Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) and Iodoform-Calcium Hydroxide (Metapex), in Primary Root Canals Shaped with Rotary versus Manual Methods: A Preliminary In-Vitro Spiral CT Study. Front Dent 2019; 16:45-54. [PMID: 31608336 PMCID: PMC6778614 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v16i1.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, chitosan was introduced and used as a substitute for pulpectomy obturation against conventional materials: zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and iodoform-calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Efficacies of rotary versus manual instrumentations were also compared. Materials and Methods: This preliminary study was performed on 152 intact nonresorbed root canals of primary molars divided into rotary (n=78) versus hand-instrumentation (n=74) and into ZOE (n=53), iodoform-Ca(OH)2 (n=50), and 3% nano-chitosan (n=49). Canals were cleaned/shaped using hand or rotary files. Canal spaces were measured using spiral computed tomography and obturated using the three materials. The percentages of obturation volume (POV) were estimated. Rotary and manual instrumentations were compared in terms of canal spaces before and after obturation. Three obturation materials were also compared regarding canal spaces after obturation (α=0.05). Results: Average POVs of materials were 96.54% (ZOE), 97.87% (Metapex), and 74.74% (nano-chitosan; P=0.000). POV of chitosan differed from the other two (P<0.001) but the other two were similar (P=0.896). Average POVs were 91.46% (manual) and 88.51% (rotary); the difference was not significant (P=0.322). Preobturation spaces of canals for different methods were 3.89 mm
3
(manual) and 3.26 mm
3
(rotary); the difference was significant (P=0.013). Two-way ANCOVA showed a significant effect of materials (P<0.001) but not root length (P=0.585) or shaping methods (P=0.362) on POVs. Conclusion: Nano-chitosan showed a considerable success rate but it still needs reformulation as it was weaker than the extremely successful commercial competitors. Rotary instrumentation can provide results similar to hand-filing in terms of POV although it might yield smaller canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Babashahi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Basir
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Mehlawat R, Kapoor R, Gandhi K, Kumar D, Malhotra R, Ahuja S. Comparative evaluation of instrumentation timing and cleaning efficacy in extracted primary molars using manual and NiTi rotary technique - Invitro study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2019; 9:151-155. [PMID: 30963021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the timing of instrumentation and cleaning efficacy between manual K files and NiTi rotary files in extracted primary molars. Study design in-vitro study was conducted in 90 root canals of extracted primary molars which were subdivided in three groups viz. Control (No instrumentation), Manual (K files), Rotary (ProFiles) with 30 canals in each group. Mesiobuccal (MB) and Mesiolingual (ML) canals of mandibular molars, and MB and Distobuccal (DB) canals of maxillary molars were included in the test group whereas Distal canals in mandibular molars and Palatal canals in maxillary molars were included in the control group. Method Teeth were mounted and canals were injected with India ink to stain the canal walls. Canal preparation was done as per the group. After instrumentation, teeth were demounted, decalcified and cleared to make them transparent for scoring according to the extent of removal of India ink. Timing of instrumentation and cleaning efficacy of canals in coronal, middle and apical thirds were assessed in each sample. Results Mean timing of instrumentation in rotary group was 3.54 ± 1.14 min and 4.32 ± 1.04 min in manual group. Mean cleaning efficacy scores in manual and rotary groups were 2.03 and 1.66 in coronal third, 1.08 and 1.18 in middle third and 0.67 and 1.08 in apical third respectively. Inter-group comparisons showed no statistically significant difference in cleaning efficacy among test groups in all thirds of root canals. Conclusion NiTi rotary technique has comparable cleaning efficacy, with significantly less timing of instrumentation compared to manual K-files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachita Mehlawat
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Rishabh Kapoor
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Kapil Gandhi
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Dipanshu Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Ritika Malhotra
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Shilpa Ahuja
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
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Bedier MM, Hashem AAR, Hassan YM. Improved dentin disinfection by combining different-geometry rotary nickel-titanium files in preparing root canals. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e46. [PMID: 30483470 PMCID: PMC6237729 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of different instrumentation and irrigation techniques using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after root canal inoculation with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and Methods Mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of extracted mandibular molars were apically enlarged up to a size 25 hand K-file, then autoclaved and inoculated with E. faecalis. The samples were randomly divided into 4 main groups according to the system of instrumentation and irrigation: an XP-endo Shaper (XPS) combined with conventional irrigation (XPS/C) or an XP-endo Finisher (XPF) (XPS/XPF), and iRaCe combined with conventional irrigation (iRaCe/C) or combined with an XPF (iRaCe/XPF). A middle-third sample was taken from each group, and then the bacterial reduction was evaluated using CLSM at a depth of 50 µm inside the dentinal tubules. The ratio of red fluorescence (dead cells) to green-and-red fluorescence (live and dead cells) represented the percentage of bacterial reduction. The data were then statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons across the groups and the Dunn test was used for pairwise comparisons. Results The instrumentation and irrigation techniques had a significant effect on bacterial reduction (p < 0.05). The iRaCe/XPF group showed the strongest effect, followed by the XPS/XPF and XPS/C group, while the iRaCe/C group had the weakest effect. Conclusions Combining iRaCe with XPF improved its bacterial reduction effect, while combining XPS with XPF did not yield a significant improvement in its ability to reduce bacteria at a depth of 50 µm in the dentinal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Bedier
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Yosra M Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Siqueira Junior JF, Rôças IDN, Marceliano-Alves MF, Pérez AR, Ricucci D. Unprepared root canal surface areas: causes, clinical implications, and therapeutic strategies. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e65. [PMID: 30365606 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemomechanical preparation is intended to clean, disinfect, and shape the root canal. This step is of utmost importance during treatment of infected teeth with apical periodontitis, because treatment outcome depends on how effectively the clinician eliminates bacteria, their products, and necrotic tissue that would serve as substrate for bacterial regrowth. Nonetheless, curvatures and complex internal anatomical variations of the root canal system can pose a high degree of difficulty in reaching these goals. In infected teeth, bacteria may persist not only in difficult-to-reach areas such as isthmuses, ramifications, dentinal tubules, and recesses from C-shaped or oval/flattened canals, but also in areas of the main canal wall that remain untouched by instruments. If bacteria withstand chemomechanical procedures, there is an augmented risk for post-treatment apical periodontitis. This article discloses the reasons why some areas remain unprepared by instruments and discusses strategies to circumvent this issue and enhance infection control during endodontic treatment/retreatment of teeth with apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela das Neves Rôças
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Alejandro Ron Pérez
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Bighetti Trevisan RL, Scatolin RS, Castro Raucci LMSD, Raucci Neto W, Froner IC. Effects of EDTA gel and chlorhexidine gel on root dentin permeability. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 81:191-197. [PMID: 29083081 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 24% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel and 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) in dentin permeability and smear layer removal from root canals instrumented with NiTi rotary system using histochemical staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Overall, 43 premolars were classified into two experimental groups, EDTA (n = 20) and CHX (n = 20), and a negative control (NC) (n = 3). All specimens were instrumented and the irrigant solutions were used after each file change. The EDTA group received a final rinse with 5-ml 1% NaOCl followed by a 5-ml 0.9% saline solution; the CHX group received a final rinse with 10-ml 0.9% saline solution; and the negative control group received a final rinse with only 0.9% saline solution. Fifteen teeth from each group were prepared for histochemical staining and evaluation of dentin permeability using the image-scanning software Axion Vision (v.4.8.2). Five remaining teeth were prepared for analysis using SEM for morphological analysis. The study found that 24% EDTA gel increased the permeability of dentin in all thirds evaluated and also demonstrated an increased cleaning ability, with dentinal walls free of smear layer and open dentinal tubules, as compared to 2% CHX gel. It was concluded that EDTA was efficient in cleaning the dentinal tubules and increased dentin permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayana Longo Bighetti Trevisan
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Siqueira Scatolin
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Raucci Neto
- School of Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izabel Cristina Froner
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Castelo-Baz P, Varela-Patiño P, Ruíz-Piñón M, Abella F, Miguéns-Vila R, Martín-Biedma B. Continuous Apical Negative-Pressure Ultrasonic Irrigation (CANUI): A new concept for activating irrigants. J Clin Exp Dent 2017. [PMID: 28638557 PMCID: PMC5474336 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Irrigation of the root canal system is an essential step in the endodontic treatment. The aim of this article is to introduce continuous apical negative-pressure ultrasonic irrigation (CANUI), a new irrigation concept, and compare the characteristics of this new technique with current devices for activating the irrigant.
Material and Methods: CANUI is designed for cleaning and disinfecting the root canal system. The device consists of a tube inside another tube that allows the continuous ultrasonic exchange of fresh irrigant, as the irrigant is simultaneously aspirated apically. The coronal and apical tubes are 0.75 and 0.3 mm in diameter, respectively. It is composed of a nickel-titanium microcannula suitable for the working length of curved canals.
Results: The CANUI technique has the advantages of apical negative pressure (to avoid apical extrusion of the irrigant) and continuous ultrasonic irrigation (continuous refreshment of the irrigant and forced introduction into the canal ramifications).
Conclusions: The CANUI technique could improve the irrigation technique of dentists to reach more disinfection in endodontic treatments.
Key words:Apical negative pressure, continuous ultrasonic irrigation, irrigation in curved canals, irrigation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Castelo-Baz
- PhD, DDS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Odontología, Entrerríos Street, no number. 15702, Santiago de Compostela
| | - Purificación Varela-Patiño
- PhD, University of Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Odontología, Entrerríos Street, no number. 15702, Santiago de Compostela
| | - Manuel Ruíz-Piñón
- PhD, University of Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Odontología, Entrerríos Street, no number. 15702, Santiago de Compostela
| | | | - Ramón Miguéns-Vila
- DDS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Odontología, Entrerríos Street, no number. 15702, Santiago de Compostela
| | - Benjamín Martín-Biedma
- PhD, University of Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Odontología, Entrerríos Street, no number. 15702, Santiago de Compostela
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Malentacca A, Uccioli U, Mannocci F, Bhuva B, Zangari D, Pulella C, Lajolo C. The comparative effectiveness and safety of three activated irrigation techniques in the isthmus area using a transparent tooth model. Int Endod J 2017; 51 Suppl 1:e35-e41. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. Mannocci
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontology; Guy's Dental Hospital; King's College London Dental Institute; London UK
| | - B. Bhuva
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontology; Guy's Dental Hospital; King's College London Dental Institute; London UK
| | | | | | - C. Lajolo
- Oral Medicine and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Catholic University; Rome Italy
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Ramazani N, Mohammadi A, Amirabadi F, Ramazani M, Ehsani F. In vitro investigation of the cleaning efficacy, shaping ability, preparation time and file deformation of continuous rotary, reciprocating rotary and manual instrumentations in primary molars. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2016; 10:49-56. [PMID: 27092215 PMCID: PMC4831612 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2016.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Efficient canal preparation is the key to successful root canal treatment. This study aimed to assess the cleaning and shaping ability, preparation time and file deformation of rotary, reciprocating and manual instrumentation in canal preparation of primary molars. Methods. The mesiobuccal canals of 64 extracted primary mandibular second molars were injected with India ink. The samples were randomly divided into one control and three experimental groups. Experimental groups were instrumented with K-file, Mtwo in continuous rotation and Reciproc in reciprocating motion, respectively. The control group received no treatment. The files were discarded after four applications. Shaping ability was evaluated using CBCT. After clearing, ink removal was scored. Preparation time and file fracture or deformation was also recorded. Data were analyzed with SPSS 19 using chi-squared, Fisher’s exact test, Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results. Considering cleanliness, at coronal third Reciproc was better than K-file (P < 0.001), but not more effective than Mtwo (P = 0.080). Furthermore, Mtwo leaved the canal cleaner than K-file (P = 0.001). In the middle third, only Reciproc exhibited better cleaning efficacy than K-file (P = 0.005). In the apical third, no difference was detected between the groups (P = 0.794). Regarding shaping ability, no differences were found between Reciproc and Mtwo (P = 1.00). Meanwhile, both displayed better shaping efficacy than K-file (P < 0.05). Between each two groups, there were differences in preparation time (P < 0.05), with Reciproc being the fastest. No file failure occurred. Conclusion. Fast and sufficient cleaning and shaping could be achieved with Mtwo and especially with Reciproc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Ramazani
- Associate Professor, Children and Adolescents Health Research Center, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Assistant Professor, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Foroogh Amirabadi
- Assistant Professor, Children and Adolescents Health Research Center, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ramazani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzane Ehsani
- Dentist, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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15
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Grande NM, Ahmed HMA, Cohen S, Bukiet F, Plotino G. Current Assessment of Reciprocation in Endodontic Preparation: A Comprehensive Review—Part I: Historic Perspectives and Current Applications. J Endod 2015; 41:1778-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Singh N, Chandra A, Tikku AP, Verma P. A comparative evaluation of different irrigation activation systems on smear layer removal from root canal: An in-vitro scanning electron microscope study. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:159-63. [PMID: 24778514 PMCID: PMC4001274 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.128060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the following study is to compare the evaluation of different irrigation activation system-F-File, CanalBrush (CB) and EndoActivator (EA) in removing smear layer from root canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS Root canals of eighty single rooted decoronated premolar teeth were instrumented using crown-down technique and then equally divided into four groups on basis of irrigation activation methods used: Without irrigation - control group, irrigation with F-File, CB, EA into Group I, II, III respectively. Samples were then longitudinally sectioned and examined under scanning electron microscope by three qualified observers using score from 1 to 4. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago IL) at significance level of P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Minimum mean score was observed in Group II at coronal, apical locations. Group III had minimum score at middle third. Groups difference in score were found to be significant statistically for all three locations as well as for overall assessment (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CB remove smear layer more efficiently from the root canal than F-File and EA in coronal and apical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Chandra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aseem P Tikku
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Promila Verma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Metzger Z, Solomonov M, Kfir A. The role of mechanical instrumentation in the cleaning of root canals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Saghiri MA, Sheibani N, Garcia-Godoy F, Asatourian A, Mehriar P, Scarbecz M. Correlation between endodontic broken instrument and nickel level in urine. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 155:114-8. [PMID: 23861099 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the presences of separated endodontic instrument inside the dental canal and the nickel (Ni) level in the urine samples of subjected patients. Same-gendered and near-aged participants were selected and were instructed to collect their urine in sterile nickel-free plastic containers. The procedures were carried out in the office, and samples were stored in low-temperature cooler for 1 day and then they were transferred to the laboratory for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The level of Ni was measured and the correlation coefficient was calculated. Data were analyzed using t tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and linear regression analysis, at a level of significance P < 0.05. The statistical analysis has showed significant difference in Ni level between endodontic and control groups (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between Ni level in urine and the age or time period of broken instrument inside the canal; however, Ni level of urine and the age of participants in experimental group has demonstrated a positive correlation. The amount of Ni element can be increased in the urine of patients who have experienced broken endodontic instrument inside the dental canal. However, there is no positive correlation between the remaining pieces of instruments inside the canal and the elevation of nickel amount in urine during the tested time period. This issue suggested that the aging of remaining broken instrument inside the canal does not show any remarkable concern regarding the Ni elevation in the urine excreted by an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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Chandra V, Gandi P, Shivanna AK, Srinivas S, Himgiri S, Nischith KG. A scanning electron microscopic study to evaluate the efficacy of NaviTip FX in removing the canal debris during root canal preparation: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14:653-656. [PMID: 24309344 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of NaviTip FX in removing the canal debris during root canal preparation using scanning electron microscopic study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty single rooted teeth with completely formed apices were used in this study. Standard endodontic access cavity preparations were performed. Then the teeth were randomly divided into two groups: groups 1 and 2 of 15 teeth each group. For group 1, NaviTip FX (brush covered needle) was used to irrigate the canal with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite after each instrument use. For group 2, NaviTip (brushless needle) was used for irrigation following each instrument use. ProTaper rotary files were used for the canal preparation. The teeth were then cleaned and dried before splitting them into two halves. The half with most visible part of the apex was used for scanning electron microscopic evaluation. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test at significance level p < 0.005. RESULTS The mean values for coronal and middle third of group 1 showed lower debris scores than group 2 and this difference was statistically significant at a p-value 0.01 and 0.05 respectively, but no significance difference between them at the apical third at a p-value of < 0.05. CONCLUSION The NaviTip FX (brush covered needle) showed effectively better canal wall debris removal than the NaviTip (brushless needle).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Chandra
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Raja Rajeshwari Dental College and Hospital, Kumbalgodu, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
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Malentacca A, Uccioli U, Zangari D, Lajolo C, Fabiani C. Efficacy and Safety of Various Active Irrigation Devices When Used with Either Positive or Negative Pressure: An In Vitro Study. J Endod 2012; 38:1622-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Azar MR, Safi L, Nikaein A. Comparison of the cleaning capacity of Mtwo and Pro Taper rotary systems and manual instruments in primary teeth. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2012; 9:146-51. [PMID: 22623929 PMCID: PMC3353689 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.95227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Root canal cleaning is an important step in endodontic therapy. In order to develop better techniques, a new generation of endodontic instruments has been designed. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of manual K-files (Mani Co, Tokyo, Japan) and two rotary systems–Mtwo (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and ProTaper (VDW, Munich, Germany)–for root canal preparation in primary molars. Materials and Methods: India ink was injected to 160 mesiobuccal and distal root canals of mandibular primary molars. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group. In each experimental group, either manual instruments (K-files) or rotary instruments (Mtwo or ProTaper) were used to prepare root canals. After cleaning the canals and clearing the teeth, ink removal was evaluated with a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was done with Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman tests. Results: There were no significant differences in cleaning efficiency between manual and rotary instruments. Only ProTaper files performed significantly better in the coronal and middle thirds than in the apical third of the root canal. Conclusion: Manual K-files and the Mtwo and ProTaper rotary systems showed equally acceptable cleaning ability in primary molar root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Azar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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The effect of the NRT files instrumentation on the quality of the surface of the root canal wall. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2012; 10:136-40. [PMID: 22798244 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.2012.9268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze in vitro, trough scanning electron microscope (SEM), the shaping ability of NRT NiTi rotary system (Mani, Inc, Toshigi-Ken, Japan). METHODS Ten extracted human teeth were cut at the level of the CEJ and prepared with Gates-Glidden burs 4-3-2 and NRT rotary files up to size #35. Irrigation was performed with 7.5 mL of 5% NaOCl and 7.5 mL of 10% EDTA during each canal instrumentation. Following the shaping sequence, a final irrigation was performed with EDTA followed by NaOCl, each left in situ for three minutes. Teeth were then fractured longitudinally, and the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the canals were inspected with SEM. Three parameters, divided into four different levels (Alfa and Bravo, considered clinically acceptable; Charlie and Delta, considered clinically unacceptable), were used to score the canal morphology: presence and amount of smear layer; presence of organic and inorganic debris; surface profile. RESULTS SEM assessment revealed that in the coronal and middle third the majority of canals shaped with NRT rotary system presented a clinically acceptable surface. The apical third presented a higher amount of smear layer and dentinal debris instead, compared to the coronal and middle third. CONCLUSIONS NRT files demonstrated that they provided good instrumentation of the coronal and middle third, while being unable to obtain a defects-free surface in the apical third.
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Cleaning Efficacy Using Two Engine-driven Systems versus Manual Instrumentation in Curved Root Canals: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. J Endod 2011; 37:1279-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Interliche R, Marchesan MA, Silva SRCD, Pécora JD, Silva-Sousa YTC, Sousa-Neto MDD. Influence of Hero Apical instruments on cleaning ovoid-shaped root canals. Braz Oral Res 2011; 25:314-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242011000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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[Scanning electron microscopy investigation of canal cleaning after canal preparation with nickel titanium files]. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2010; 138:551-6. [PMID: 21180083 DOI: 10.2298/sarh1010551b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Root canal preparation is the most important phase of endodontic procedure and it consists of adequate canal space cleaning and shaping. In recent years, rotary instruments and techniques have gained importance because of the great efficacy, speed and safety of the preparation procedure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of different NiTi files on the canal wall cleaning quality, residual dentine debris and smear layer. METHODS The research was conducted on extracted human teeth in vitro conditions. Teeth were divided in 7 main groups depending on the kind of instruments used for root canal preparation: ProTaper, GT, ProFile, K-3, FlexMaster, hand ProTaper and hand GT. Root canal preparation was accomplished by crown-down technique. Prepared samples were assessed on scanning electron microscopy JEOL, JSM-6460 LV. The evaluation of dentine debris was done with 500x magnification, and the evaluation of smear layer with 1,000 times magnification. Quantitive assessment of dentine debris and smear layer was done according to the criteria of Hulsmann. RESULTS The least amount of debris and smear layer has been found in canals shaped with ProFile instruments, and the largest amount in canals shaped with FlexMaster instruments. Canal cleaning efficacy of hand GTand ProTaperfiles has been similar to cleaning efficacy of rotary NiTi files. Statistic analysis has shown a significant difference in amount of dentine debris and smear layer on the canal walls between sample groups. shaped with different instruments. CONCLUSION Completely clean canals have not been found in any tested group of instruments. The largest amount of debris and smear layer has been found in the apical third of all canals. The design and the type of endodontic instruments influence the efficacy of the canal cleaning.
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Pasqualini D, Cuffini AM, Scotti N, Mandras N, Scalas D, Pera F, Berutti E. Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of a 5% Sodium Hypochlorite Subsonic-activated Solution. J Endod 2010; 36:1358-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Venkateshbabu N, Emmanuel S, Santosh GK, Kandaswamy D. Comparison of the canal centring ability of K3, Liberator and EZ Fill Safesiders by using spiral computed tomography. AUST ENDOD J 2009; 38:55-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2009.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gu LS, Kim JR, Ling J, Choi KK, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Review of Contemporary Irrigant Agitation Techniques and Devices. J Endod 2009; 35:791-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arruda MPD, Carvalho Junior JRD, Miranda CES, Paschoalato C, Silva SRC. Cleaning of flattened root canals with different irrigating solutions and nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation. Braz Dent J 2009; 20:284-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402009000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cleaning capacity of Profile .04 files combined with different irrigating solutions in flattened root canals using histological, morphometrical and SEM analyses. Eighty human mandibular incisors were prepared with Profile .04 instruments and randomly divided into 4 groups according to the irrigating solutions used (n=20): G1: distilled water (control); G2: 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G3: 1% NaOCl alternated with 17% EDTA, and G4: 1% NaOCl with RCPrep cream. Ten teeth of each group were evaluated with an optical microscope to determine the percentage of root canal debris. The remaining teeth were evaluated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.01).There was a significant difference (p<0.001) among the groups regarding the percentage of debris left in the canals (distilled water: 18.82 ± 5.55; 1% NaOCl: 6.29 ± 5.55; 1% NaOCl + 17% EDTA: 12.47 ± 6.92; 1% NaOCl + RCPrep: 7.82 ± 1.91). The SEM analysis showed the best results for 1% NaOCl + 17% EDTA on smear layer removal. It may be concluded that the combination of Profile .04 rotary instrumentation and the tested solutions was not able to totally remove debris and smear layer from flattened root canals.
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Sabet NE, Lutfy RA. Ultrastructural morphologic evaluation of root canal walls prepared by two rotary nickel-titanium systems: a comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 106:e59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang G, Wu H, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Li H, Zhou X. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of debris and smear layer remaining following use of ProTaper and Hero Shaper instruments in combination with NaOCl and EDTA irrigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 106:e63-71. [PMID: 18701325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amounts of debris and smear layer remaining on canal walls after preparation with ProTaper and Hero Shaper instruments in combination with NaOCl and EDTA irrigation in curved root canals. STUDY DESIGN A total of 55 root canals were randomly divided into 2 instrumentation groups of 20 canals each and 1 negative control group of 15 canals. The canals in each of the 2 instrumentation groups were prepared with ProTaper or Hero Shaper instruments. Irrigation was performed with 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA solutions. The control group was not instrumented. The remaining debris and smear layer were evaluated from scanning electron photomicrographs at x200 and x1,000 magnification taken in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the canals at both inner and outer canal walls. A 5-category scoring system for debris and smear layer was used. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney rank sum tests. RESULTS Completely clean root canals were not found in either instrumentation group. In the coronal and middle thirds, the canal walls of both instrumentation groups were clean, with no or only small areas of debris and smear layer. In the apical region, there were higher scores in terms of debris and smear layer in both instrumentation groups. No significant difference was found at the inner wall of the 2 instrumentation groups in terms of debris mean score. However, the outer canal walls prepared with ProTaper showed lower debris score compared with those prepared with Hero Shaper (P < 0.001). Concerning the smear layer, both the inner and outer canal walls prepared with ProTaper showed lower mean scores compared with those prepared with Hero Shaper (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, both instruments in combination with NaOCl and EDTA irrigation produced a clean and debris-free canal surface in the coronal and middle thirds, but were unable to produce a canal surface free from debris and smear layer in the apical third. However, the canals prepared with ProTaper instruments showed smaller amounts of debris and smear layer remaining in the apical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Yang
- Teaching Assistant, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Soares F, Varella CH, Pileggi R, Adewumi A, Guelmann M. Impact of Er,Cr:YSGG laser therapy on the cleanliness of the root canal walls of primary teeth. J Endod 2008; 34:474-7. [PMID: 18358901 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Root canal therapy might be required for primary teeth displaying signs of pulpal inflammation or necrosis. Cleaning and shaping followed by obturation of the canal space with a resorbable paste have been widely performed with remarkable clinical success. However, lengthy endodontic procedures might be contraindicated when treating certain pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to compare the cleanliness of the root canal walls of primary teeth and the time required for the completion of the cleaning and shaping procedures performed by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser, manual or rotary instrumentation techniques. Thirty-five extracted, single-rooted, primary teeth were divided into 4 groups: I, canals were instrumented with Profile .04 rotary instruments to a master apical file size #35; II, the laser was used (parameters: 1.50 W, 20 pps, 30% water and 50% air) with a Z3 laser tip (0.32-mm diameter); III, canals were instrumented with stainless steel K-files; and IV, no instrumentation was performed (control). The teeth were split in 2 halves and prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis. Images from the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the roots were analyzed independently by 2 calibrated, blinded evaluators. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the groups (Kruskal-Wallis, P = .0001). The techniques were not capable of providing completely clean canals. Treatment with Er,Cr:YSGG laser provided similar cleanliness when compared with rotary instrumentation technique and was superior to manual instrumentation. The laser technique required less time for completion of the cleaning and shaping procedures when compared with both rotary or hand instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Soares
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0436, USA
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A comparative SEM investigation of the smear layer following preparation of root canals using nickel titanium rotary and hand instruments. J Oral Sci 2008; 49:47-52. [PMID: 17429182 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.49.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of NiTi flex K-file instruments and rotary FlexMaster and Race instruments (short for reamers with Alternating Cutting Edges) in root canal preparation. A total of 75 single rooted teeth with minimum curvature (< 5 degrees ) were selected and divided into three groups, each containing 25 teeth. Canals were prepared with NiTi flex K-file, FlexMaster and Race instruments using crown down preparation technique, up to size #40. After each instrument, the root canals were flushed with 5 ml of 0.5% NaOCl solution. The amount of debris and smear layer was quantified on the basis of Hulsmann method using a scanning electron microscope. Completely cleaned root canals were not found after instrumentation with any of the three instruments. In general, FlexMaster instruments left significantly less debris and smear layer than Race and NiTi flex K-file instruments (P < 0.05). NiTi flex K-files resulted in significantly more smear layer (P < 0.05) compared to Race and FlexMaster instruments only in the apical third of the canal.
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Cutting Efficiency of Five Different Types of Rotary Nickel–Titanium Instruments. J Endod 2008; 34:198-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Rödig T, Hülsmann M, Kahlmeier C. Comparison of root canal preparation with two rotary NiTi instruments: ProFile .04 and GT Rotary. Int Endod J 2007; 40:553-62. [PMID: 17511784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare root canal preparation using ProFile .04 and GT Rotary nickel-titanium instruments (both Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). METHODOLOGY Fifty extracted mandibular molars with mesial root canal curvatures between 20 and 40 degrees were randomly divided into two groups and embedded in a muffle system. All root canals were prepared to size 45 using ProFile .04 or GT rotary instruments. The following parameters were evaluated: straightening of root canal curvature, postoperative root canal cross-section, cleaning ability, safety issues and working time. RESULTS Both NiTi systems maintained curvature well; the mean degree of straightening was <1 degrees . The majority of the root canals prepared with ProFile .04 (80.8%) and GT (84.0%) postoperatively showed a round or oval cross-section. For debris, ProFile .04 and GT rotary achieved 67.1% and 71.6% scores of 1 and 2, respectively. Concerning the coronal region statistical analysis showed a better result for GT than for ProFile .04. For the middle and apical thirds of the root canals, results did not differ significantly. None of the two systems completely removed smear layer. Ten procedural incidents occurred with ProFile .04 compared with five with GT. Mean working time was shorter for ProFile .04 (131.8 s) than for GT (143.7 s); the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Both systems respected original root canal curvature well and were safe to use. Smear layer removal was not satisfactory with either systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rödig
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Göttingen, Germany
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36
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Di Fiore PM, Genov KA, Komaroff E, Li Y, Lin L. Nickel-titanium rotary instrument fracture: a clinical practice assessment. Int Endod J 2006; 39:700-8. [PMID: 16916359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To prospectively determine the incidence of nickel-titanium rotary instrument fracture in an endodontic clinical practice setting. METHODOLOGY Eleven second year endodontic residents, using four nickel-titanium rotary instrument systems (ProFile, ProTaper, GTRotary and K3Endo) according to the recommendations of the manufacturers, instrumented 3181 canals in 1403 teeth of 1235 patients, in a dental school post-graduate endodontic clinic, in 1 year. The incidence of instrument fracture was determined based on the number of instruments used. When fracture occurred, data were collected concerning the type, size, taper and prior use of the fractured instruments, the length and location of the fragment within the root canal and the curvature of the canal. RESULTS The overall incidence of instrument fracture was 0.39%. The incidence of fracture for ProFile, ProTaper, GTRotary and K3Endo files was 0.28%, 0.41%, 0.39% and 0.52%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between instrument systems. The percentage of teeth in which instruments fractured was 1.9% (0.28% for anterior teeth, 1.56% for pre-molars and 2.74% for molars). A total of 26 instruments fractured, of which 23 had tapers of 0.06 or greater. Most of the fragments were located in the apical third of the root canal, and both the median and mode amongst the fragment lengths were 2 mm. CONCLUSIONS The low incidence of nickel-titanium rotary instrument fracture supports the continued use of these instruments in root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Di Fiore
- Department of Endodontics, New York University, College of Dentistry, NY 10010, USA.
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Merrett SJ, Bryant ST, Dummer PMH. Comparison of the shaping ability of RaCe and FlexMaster rotary nickel-titanium systems in simulated canals. J Endod 2006; 32:960-2. [PMID: 16982273 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the shaping ability of RaCe and FlexMaster rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated canals. A total of 80 canals with four different shapes were prepared with either RaCe or FlexMaster instruments. Pre- and postoperative images of each canal were recorded and combined using image analysis software. The development of canal aberrations and transportation was assessed. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) between the systems for time of preparation to apical size 30, .06 taper; FlexMaster instruments took on average 1.86 min and RaCe 1.66 min. One RaCe and two FlexMaster instruments fractured. No zips, elbows, or danger zones were created. One perforation and eight outer widenings were created using FlexMaster instruments; RaCe instruments created two outer widenings. No differences were found between the instruments for direction of transportation. RaCe and FlexMaster nickel-titanium instruments prepared canals rapidly with few aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Merrett
- Division of Adult Dental Health, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Di Fiore PM, Genov KI, Komaroff E, Dasanayake AP, Lin L. Fracture of ProFile nickel-titanium rotary instruments: a laboratory simulation assessment. Int Endod J 2006; 39:502-9. [PMID: 16674746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the incidence of ProFile nickel-titanium rotary instrument fracture in an endodontic laboratory simulation. METHODOLOGY Three hundred and sixty dental students used 2880 ProFile nickel-titanium rotary instruments to prepare 1440 simulated root canals in 720 plastic teeth, and another 2880 ProFile nickel-titanium rotary instruments to prepare 1440 natural root canals in 720 extracted teeth. A standardized crown-down rotary instrumentation technique was used, which included measures to prevent fracture. Rotary instrument fracture was monitored during and after completion of the laboratory simulation exercises to determine the incidence of fracture. When fracture occurred, data were collected concerning the size of the instrument, the length of the instrument fragment, the location of the fragment in the canal and the curvature of the canal in which the instrument fractured. RESULTS The incidence of instrument fracture was 0.41% in plastic simulated canals and 0.31% in natural root canals. The overall incidence of instrument fracture was 0.36%. Of the instruments that fractured 67% were size 25, 0.04 taper; and 81% of the fragments were located in the apical third of the canal. The mean, median and mode of the fragment lengths were all 3 mm. CONCLUSIONS The low overall incidence of fracture in this study suggests that ProFile rotary instruments are safe for use by dental students in laboratory simulations and that if preventive measures are taken the incidence of instrument fracture can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Di Fiore
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Schirrmeister JF, Strohl C, Altenburger MJ, Wrbas KT, Hellwig E. Shaping ability and safety of five different rotary nickel-titanium instruments compared with stainless steel hand instrumentation in simulated curved root canals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 101:807-13. [PMID: 16731405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the shaping ability and safety of engine-driven FlexMaster, GT Rotary, ProFile, ProTaper, and RaCe rotary instrumentation and Hedström hand instrumentation in simulated root canals. STUDY DESIGN One hundred fifty simulated colored root canals with a curvature of 20 degrees and a radius of 10 mm were randomly distributed among 6 groups of 25 specimens each. After preparation to apical size 30 the area of remaining color on the canal wall indicating unprepared areas was measured in mm2 using image analyzer software. RESULTS Specimens treated with RaCe left least areas of remaining color compared to all other groups (P < .001), followed by ProTaper. Preparation with ProFile left behind the highest amount of unprepared areas. The ProFile group revealed significantly more remaining color than ProTaper, GT Rotary, and FlexMaster (P < .05). Four FlexMaster files separated. CONCLUSION RaCe rotary files were safe and more effective compared to the other instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg F Schirrmeister
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Kum KY, Kazemi RB, Cha BY, Zhu Q. Smear layer production of K3 and ProFile Ni-Ti rotary instruments in curved root canals: a comparative SEM study. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2006; 101:536-41. [PMID: 16545720 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2004] [Revised: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scanning electron microscopic study was to compare the quality and amounts of smear layer generated by 2 brands of nickel-titanium rotary instruments during canal preparation in the apical thirds of curved root canals. STUDY DESIGN Forty mandibular mesial root canals with intact apex and mean curvature between 30 and 35 degrees were selected for this study. The root canals were randomly divided into 2 instrumentation groups of 15 each. Automated preparation was performed with ProFile (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland; n = 15) and K3 (SybronEndo, Orange, Calif; n = 15) instrumentss using a crown-down technique. As a control group, barbed broaches (Mani; Matsutani Seisakusho, Takanezawa-Machi Tochibi-Ken, Japan; n = 10) were used to extirpate the necrotic pulp tissue from the root canals. All root canals were prepared to size #35. Glyde (File Prep, Dentsply Maillefer) was used as lubricant and 1% sodium hypochlorite solution as irrigant. At the conclusion of the experiments, all roots were split longitudinally and the root canal walls were examined at the apical third from 2 different perspectives using a scanning electron microscope. A 4-category scoring system for assessing the smear layer accumulation was used, and the resulting scores were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Less smear layer was obtained in the K3 group at the selected apical third of curved root canals (P < .05). However, all instruments left a smear layer. The surface texture of the smear layer, in addition to the depth and the frequency of packed materials into the dentinal tubules, varied with instrument type. CONCLUSIONS This finding may imply that, compared to ProFile, compression of the remaining smear layer is minimized when using the K3 rotary nickel-titanium system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Wagner MH, Barletta FB, Reis MDS, Mello LL, Ferreira R, Fernandes ALR. NSK reciprocating handpiece: in vitro comparative analysis of dentinal removal during root canal preparation by different operators. Braz Dent J 2006; 17:10-4. [PMID: 16721457 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402006000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess dentin removal during root canal preparation by different operators using a NSK reciprocating handpiece. Eighty-four human single-rooted mandibular premolars were hand instrumented using Triple-Flex stainless-steel files (Kerr) up to #30, weighed in analytical balance and randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=21). All specimens were mechanically prepared at the working length with #35 to #45 Triple-Flex files (Kerr) coupled to a NSK (TEP-E10R, Nakanishi Inc.) reciprocating handpiece powered by an electric motor (Endo Plus; VK Driller). Groups 1 to 4 were prepared by a professor of Endodontics, an endodontist, a third-year dental student and a general dentist, respectively. Teeth were reweighed after root canal preparation. The difference between weights was calculated and the means of dentin removal in each group were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5 % significance level. The greatest amount of dentin removal was found in group 4, followed by groups 2, 3 and 1. Group 4 differed statistically from the other groups regarding dentin removal means [p<0.001 (group 1); p=0.005 (group 2); and p=0.001 (group3)]. No statistically significant difference was found between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.608), 1 and 3 (p=0.914) and 2 and 3 (p=0.938). In conclusion, although the group prepared by a general dentist differed statistically from the other groups in terms of amount of dentin removal, this difference was clinically irrelevant. The NSK reciprocating handpiece powered by an electric engine was proved an effective auxiliary tool in root canal preparation, regardless of the operator's skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Helena Wagner
- Department of Endodontics, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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Sipert CR, Hussne RP, Nishiyama CK. Comparison of the cleaning efficacy of the FKG race system and hand instrument in molar root canal. J Appl Oral Sci 2006; 14:6-9. [PMID: 19089022 PMCID: PMC4327163 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572006000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2004] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of root canal cleaning of the RaCe rotary instrumentation system (FKG Dentaire – La-Cheaux-de Fonds – Switzerland), compared to manual filing with Stainless Steel K-files (Maillefer Instruments – Ballaigues – Switzerland). Material and Method: Twenty extracted human teeth (maxillary molars) were selected and their pulp tissue was removed after coronal access. The root canals were filled with a dye (India ink) and allowed to dry for 48 hours, followed by establishment of the working length of the mesiobuccal root; then, half of the specimens were instrumented by the modified Oregon technique and the other half were instrumented by crown-down sequence of the RaCe system. After preparation, the teeth were longitudinally sectioned and evaluated according to the amount of remaining dye. Results: Data obtained were registered as numerical scores, and the arithmetic means were compared between groups using the Mann Whitney test. Both techniques were unable to completely clean the interior of the root canals, with a better performance of the manual technique only at the middle third. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the RaCe system was able to provide satisfactory cleaning, similar to that obtained by the manual instrumentation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Renata Sipert
- Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais - USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Dearing GJ, Kazemi RB, Stevens RH. A comparison of the machining efficiency of two brands of stainless steel endodontic hand files. J Endod 2005; 31:873-6. [PMID: 16306821 DOI: 10.1097/01.don.0000164128.12631.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the machining efficiency of a flexible stainless steel K-type hand file recently introduced by Brasseler USA ("F-Style files"), with that of a well-studied Endodontic instrument ("Flex-o-files," Maillefer Dentsply), that has been on the market for more than 20 years. The comparison of machining efficiencies of these two brands of files was conducted on both dentin and plexiglas substrates, using an apparatus that allowed a constant force to be applied from each file being tested. The results indicated that the Brasseler instruments had poorer machining efficiency than those of the Maillefer files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Dearing
- Department of Endodontics, Temple University, School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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Schäfer E, Erler M, Dammaschke T. Influence of different types of automated devices on the shaping ability of rotary nickel-titanium FlexMaster instruments. Int Endod J 2005; 38:627-36. [PMID: 16104976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.00995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the shaping ability of rotary FlexMaster nickel-titanium instruments in simulated curved canals and in curved canals of extracted teeth when set into permanent rotation with three different torque-limited automated devices. METHODOLOGY Root canal instrumentation was performed with three different torque-limited automated devices (ENDOadvance, SIRONiTi and Endo IT motor) by FlexMaster nickel-titanium instruments up to size 35. Simulated canals: 28 degree and 35 degree curved canals in resin blocks (n = 20 canals in each group) were prepared. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were recorded and assessment of canal shape was completed with a computer image analysis program. Extracted teeth: A total of 60 curved root canals were divided into three groups, which were balanced with respect to the angle and the radius of canal curvature. Straightening of the canal curvatures was determined with a computer image analysis program. Incidence of canal aberrations, preparation time, changes of working length and instrument failures were recorded both in simulated and real canals. RESULTS In simulated and real canals, instrumentation with Endo IT was significantly faster than with SIRONiTi (P < 0.05). With respect to canal aberrations in simulated canals, there were no significant differences between the devices (P > 0.05), even though more aberrations were created with ENDOadvance and SIRONiTi. In real canals, the Endo IT motor resulted in significantly less straightening during instrumentation (P < 0.05) than SIRONiTi. A total of three instruments separated (one file in each group) during the enlargement of 35 degree curved simulated canals. All systems maintained working distance well. CONCLUSIONS All systems respected original root canal curvature well and were safe, indicating that torque-limited rotation handpieces are suitable for preparing curved root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schäfer
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Zmener O, Pameijer CH, Banegas G. Effectiveness in cleaning oval-shaped root canals using Anatomic Endodontic Technology, ProFile and manual instrumentation: a scanning electron microscopic study. Int Endod J 2005; 38:356-63. [PMID: 15910470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare in vitro the cleanliness of root canal walls in oval-shaped root canals following automated or manual instrumentation. METHODOLOGY Forty-five oval-shaped single-rooted maxillary and mandibular premolars with straight canals were divided into three groups of 15. Automated canal preparation was performed using Anatomic Endodontic Technology (AET, group 1) and the ProFile system (group 2). Manual instrumentation (group 3) was performed with K-Flexofiles. Irrigation was performed using alternately 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, followed by rinsing with saline. The roots were split longitudinally into halves and the canals examined at x200 and x400 in a scanning electron microscope. The presence of debris and smear layer was recorded at distances of 1, 5 and 10 mm from the working length using a three-step scoring scale and a 300 mum square grid. Mean scores for debris and smear layer were calculated and statistically analysed for significance (P < 0.05) between and within groups, using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric anova and Dunn's tests. RESULTS At 1, 5 and 10-mm levels the root canals prepared with AET had significantly less surface debris and smear layer on the canal walls compared with canals prepared with ProFile or manual instrumentation. For all three groups significantly lower mean smear layer scores (P < 0.05) were recorded at 5 and 10-mm levels compared with the 1 mm level. Significantly lower mean debris scores (P < 0.05) were also recorded at 5 and 10-mm levels for the AET group whereas no significant differences were found between the three levels for the ProFile and manual instrumentation groups. CONCLUSIONS Although better instrumentation scores were obtained in canals prepared with AET, complete cleanliness was not achieved by any of the techniques and instruments investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Zmener
- Department of Adult Dental Care, Section of Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rangel S, Cremonese R, Bryant S, Dummer P. Shaping Ability of RaCe Rotary Nickel-Titanium Instruments in Simulated Root Canals. J Endod 2005; 31:460-3. [PMID: 15917688 DOI: 10.1097/01.don.0000148144.79173.aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the shaping ability of RaCe rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated root canals. Forty simulated root canals consisting of four different shapes were prepared with RaCe rotary nickel-titanium instruments in a crowndown approach. Preoperative images were taken at the outset and postoperative images at various stages of preparation including at the conclusion of the shaping procedure. The combined images enabled assessment of aberrations and resin removal at various positions along the canal length. Overall, mean preparation time to size 40, .02 taper was 1.36 min. Thirty-three canals (83%) maintained the working length, three instruments deformed and no zips, perforations, or ledges were created. Under the conditions of this study RaCe rotary nickel-titanium instruments prepared simulated canals rapidly and successfully, with little change in working length and with few aberrations or instrument deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Rangel
- College of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Gutarts R, Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M. In vivo debridement efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation following hand-rotary instrumentation in human mandibular molars. J Endod 2005; 31:166-70. [PMID: 15735461 DOI: 10.1097/01.don.0000137651.01496.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study histologically compared the in vivo debridement efficacy of hand/rotary canal preparation versus a hand/rotary/ultrasound technique in mesial root canals of vital mandibular molars. Group 1 consisted of 16 teeth prepared with a hand/rotary technique whereas group 2 consisted of 15 teeth prepared in similar fashion but followed by 1 min of ultrasonic irrigation, per canal, utilizing an ultrasonic needle in a MiniEndo unit. Five uninstrumented mandibular molars served as histologic controls. After extraction and histologic preparation, 0.5 microm cross-sections, taken every 0.2 mm from the 1- to 3-mm apical levels, were evaluated for percentage of tissue removal. Nonparametric analysis revealed mean percent canal and isthmus cleanliness values to be significantly higher for group 2 at all levels evaluated, except one. In conclusion, the 1 min use of the ultrasonic needle after hand/rotary instrumentation resulted in significantly cleaner canals and isthmuses in the mesial roots of mandibular molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Gutarts
- Department of Endodontics and Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43218, USA
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Gulabivala K, Patel B, Evans G, Ng YL. Effects of mechanical and chemical procedures on root canal surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2005.00133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Foschi F, Nucci C, Montebugnoli L, Marchionni S, Breschi L, Malagnino VA, Prati C. SEM evaluation of canal wall dentine following use of Mtwo and ProTaper NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2004; 37:832-9. [PMID: 15548274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) root canal walls following instrumentation in vitro with two different rotary NiTi instruments. The hypothesis was that no difference should be observable between the experimental groups in terms of debris on canal walls and surface morphology. METHODOLOGY Twenty-four single-rooted human teeth were selected. Two types of NiTi instruments were used, Mtwo (Sweden & Martina, Padova, Italy) and ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Irrigation for both groups was performed after each instrument change with 5% NaOCl, 3% H2O2 and 17% EDTA solutions. Three different areas (coronal, middle and apical thirds) of the root canal were evaluated using SEM. The canal wall of each sample was assessed and compared using a predefined scale of four parameters, namely, smear layer, pulpal debris, inorganic dentine debris, surface profile. Data were analysed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test (anova). RESULTS A statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) was found between the apical third and the middle and coronal thirds for both groups. No difference was observable between instrumentation groups. In the apical third canal walls were often contaminated by inorganic debris and by smear layer. In the apical third, the surface profile was affected by uninstrumented regions, comprising dentine depressions and grooves in which predentine was still visible. CONCLUSION Both instruments produced a clean and debris-free dentine surfaces in the coronal and middle thirds, but were unable to produce a dentine surfaces free from smear layer and debris in the apical third. The presence of deep grooves and depression on dentine walls in the apical third may well explain the presence of less-instrumented areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Foschi
- Endodontic Unit, Department of Dental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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