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Lee ES, de Josselin de Jong E, Kim E, Kim BI. Real-time optical detection of endodontic infection using bacterial autofluorescence. J Dent 2023; 136:104600. [PMID: 37392816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For successful root canal treatment (RCT), it is essential to objectively assess the presence and activity of bacteria in the root canal system. However, current methods rely on subjective observations of root canal exudates. This study aimed to confirm whether real-time optical detection using bacterial autofluorescence can evaluate endodontic infection status by assessing the red fluorescence (RF) detected from root canal exudates. METHODS During RCT, endodontic paper points were used to collect root canal exudates scored using conventional organoleptic tests to assess the severity of root canal infections. RF on the paper points was assessed using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology. RF intensity and area from the paper points were quantified, and their correlations with infection severity were assessed using their organoleptic scores. The oral microbiome composition of RF samples was compared with non-red fluorescent (non-RF) samples. RESULTS The RF detection rate was nil and >98% in the non-infectious and severe groups. The RF intensity and area significantly increased with infection severity (p<0.001) and showed strong correlations with organoleptic scores (r=0.72, 0.82, respectively). The diagnostic accuracy for detecting root canal infection using RF intensity was good to excellent (AUC = 0.81-0.95) and increased with infection severity. The microbial diversity of the RF samples was significantly lower than that of the non-RF samples. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria such as Prevotella and Porphyromonas were more predominant in RF samples. CONCLUSIONS Optical detection using bacterial autofluorescence can objectively evaluate endodontic infection status in real-time by assessing the RF of endodontic root canal exudates. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This real-time optical technology can be utilised to detect endodontic bacterial infection without conventional incubation, allowing clinicians to determine the endpoint of chemomechanical debridement and increase the positive outcomes of RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Song Lee
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Elbert de Josselin de Jong
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Inspektor Research Systems BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea; Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University College of Engineering, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baek-Il Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the reduction of bacteria and virulence factors in teeth with primary endodontic infection. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 41:103292. [PMID: 36681260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of supplemental photodynamic therapy for improving the bacterial removal and the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) by conducting a clinical trial. METHODOLOGY Twenty-four root canals with pulp necrosis and periapical lesion were selected and randomly divided into conventional group using endodontic treatment with chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP) alone (n = 12) and a group using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) after CMP (n = 12). The samples were collected before and after CMP (conventional group) and after photodynamic therapy (aPDT group). A photosensitizer (0.005% methylene blue) was applied to the root canal for 3 minutes after CMP, whereas aPDT was performed by using a red laser with a power of 30Mw and energy density of 9J/cm2 for 90 s per root canal. Culture technique was performed to determine the bacterial colony forming units. LPS and LTA levels were quantified by using limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. RESULTS All samples showed growth of viable bacteria on Fastidious Anaerobe Agar (FAA), with an average of 5.19 × 105 CFU/ mL. CMP was effective in decreasing viable bacteria (p < 0.05), whereas there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the samples treated with aPDT compared to those submitted to CMP. LPS and LTA were detected in all initial samples, with mean values of 20.561 EU/mL and 430.91 pg/mL, respectively. Both CMP and aPDT groups significantly decreased the levels of LPS and LTA (p < 0.05), with a statistical difference between the groups regarding aPDT (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to CMP proved to be effective in improving root canal disinfection and reducing the LPS and LTA levels in teeth with primary endodontic infection.
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Astorga J, Hernández M, Bravo D, Hoare A. Evaluation of PCR primers to identify Porphyromonas endodontalis in apical periodontitis clinical samples. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:652. [PMID: 36173466 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether two commonly used PCR primers are effective to identify P. endodontalis and discriminate from other prevalent black-pigmented bacteria in apical periodontitis (AP). Endodontic canal samples from patients with asymptomatic AP (n = 20) were collected and cultured in anaerobiosis. Two primer sets to detect P. endodontalis were selected from the literature and first analyzed for their specificity in silico; and then tested on clinical isolates in vitro and finally, in apical exudates ex vivo. The identity of P. endodontalis was verified by PCR and Sanger sequencing with universal primers for bacterial V3-V6 regions 16S rDNA. Only one primer set showed specificity only for P. endodontalis clones in silico and also was specific for P. endodontalis in vitro and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Astorga
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, 8380492, Independencia, 8380000, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, 8380492, Independencia, 8380000, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, 8380492, Independencia, 8380000, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Bravo
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Olivos 943, 8380492, Independencia, 8380000, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Hoare
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Olivos 943, 8380492, Independencia, 8380000, Santiago, Chile.
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Salgado-Peralvo AO, Peña-Cardelles JF, Kewalramani N, Mateos-Moreno MV, Jiménez-Guerra Á, Velasco-Ortega E, Uribarri A, Moreno-Muñoz J, Ortiz-García I, Núñez-Márquez E, Monsalve-Guil L. Preventive Antibiotic Therapy in the Placement of Immediate Implants: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010005. [PMID: 35052882 PMCID: PMC8773177 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immediate implants present a high risk of early failure. To avoid this, preventive antibiotics (PAs) are prescribed; however, their inappropriate administration leads to antimicrobial resistance. The present study aims to clarify whether the prescription of PAs reduces the rate of early failure of immediate implants and to establish guidelines to avoid the overprescription of these drugs. An electronic search of the MEDLINE database (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS and OpenGrey was carried out. The criteria described in the PRISMA® statement were used. The search was temporarily restricted from 2010 to 2021. The risk of bias was analysed using the SIGN Methodological Assessment Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the JBI Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool. After searching, eight studies were included that met the established criteria. With the limitations of this study, it can be stated that antibiotic prescription in immediate implants reduces the early failure rate. Preoperative administration of 2–3 g amoxicillin one hour before surgery followed by 500 mg/8 h for five to seven days is recommended. It is considered prudent to avoid the use of clindamycin in favour of azithromycin, clarithromycin or metronidazole in penicillin allergy patients until further studies are conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel-Orión Salgado-Peralvo
- Department of Stomatology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (Á.J.-G.); (E.V.-O.); (J.M.-M.); (I.O.-G.); (E.N.-M.); (L.M.-G.)
- Science Committee for Antibiotic Research of Spanish Society of Implants (SEI—Sociedad Española de Implantes), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.-F.P.-C.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan-Francisco Peña-Cardelles
- Science Committee for Antibiotic Research of Spanish Society of Implants (SEI—Sociedad Española de Implantes), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.-F.P.-C.); (N.K.)
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Naresh Kewalramani
- Science Committee for Antibiotic Research of Spanish Society of Implants (SEI—Sociedad Española de Implantes), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.-F.P.-C.); (N.K.)
- Department of Nursery and Stomatology, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Victoria Mateos-Moreno
- Department of Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Jiménez-Guerra
- Department of Stomatology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (Á.J.-G.); (E.V.-O.); (J.M.-M.); (I.O.-G.); (E.N.-M.); (L.M.-G.)
- Science Committee for Antibiotic Research of Spanish Society of Implants (SEI—Sociedad Española de Implantes), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.-F.P.-C.); (N.K.)
| | - Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Department of Stomatology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (Á.J.-G.); (E.V.-O.); (J.M.-M.); (I.O.-G.); (E.N.-M.); (L.M.-G.)
- Science Committee for Antibiotic Research of Spanish Society of Implants (SEI—Sociedad Española de Implantes), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.-F.P.-C.); (N.K.)
| | - Andrea Uribarri
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Moreno-Muñoz
- Department of Stomatology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (Á.J.-G.); (E.V.-O.); (J.M.-M.); (I.O.-G.); (E.N.-M.); (L.M.-G.)
- Science Committee for Antibiotic Research of Spanish Society of Implants (SEI—Sociedad Española de Implantes), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.-F.P.-C.); (N.K.)
| | - Iván Ortiz-García
- Department of Stomatology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (Á.J.-G.); (E.V.-O.); (J.M.-M.); (I.O.-G.); (E.N.-M.); (L.M.-G.)
- Science Committee for Antibiotic Research of Spanish Society of Implants (SEI—Sociedad Española de Implantes), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.-F.P.-C.); (N.K.)
| | - Enrique Núñez-Márquez
- Department of Stomatology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (Á.J.-G.); (E.V.-O.); (J.M.-M.); (I.O.-G.); (E.N.-M.); (L.M.-G.)
- Science Committee for Antibiotic Research of Spanish Society of Implants (SEI—Sociedad Española de Implantes), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.-F.P.-C.); (N.K.)
| | - Loreto Monsalve-Guil
- Department of Stomatology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (Á.J.-G.); (E.V.-O.); (J.M.-M.); (I.O.-G.); (E.N.-M.); (L.M.-G.)
- Science Committee for Antibiotic Research of Spanish Society of Implants (SEI—Sociedad Española de Implantes), 28020 Madrid, Spain; (J.-F.P.-C.); (N.K.)
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the root canal microbiome. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 1:46-71. [PMID: 34714548 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic microbiology deals with the study of the microbial aetiology and pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular inflammatory diseases. Research in endodontic microbiology started almost 130 years ago and since then has mostly focussed on establishing and confirming the infectious aetiology of apical periodontitis, identifying the microbial species associated with the different types of endodontic infections and determining the efficacy of treatment procedures in eradicating or controlling infection. Diverse analytical methods have been used over the years, each one with their own advantages and limitations. In this review, the main features and applications of the most used technologies are discussed, and advice is provided to improve study designs in order to properly address the scientific questions and avoid setbacks that can compromise the results. Finally, areas of future research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
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Quek A, Mohd Zaini H, Kassim NK, Sulaiman F, Rukayadi Y, Ismail A, Zainal Abidin Z, Awang K. Oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and antibacterial properties of Melicope glabra bark extracts and isolated compounds. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251534. [PMID: 33970960 PMCID: PMC8109830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melicope glabra (Blume) T. G. Hartley from the Rutaceae family is one of the richest sources of plant secondary metabolites, including coumarins and flavanoids. This study investigates the free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of M. glabra and its isolated compounds. M. glabra ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were prepared using the cold maceration technique. The isolation of compounds was performed with column chromatography. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated based on their oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) activities. The extracts and compounds were also subjected to antibacterial evaluation using bio-autographic and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques against two oral pathogens, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. Isolation of phytoconstituents from ethyl acetate extract successfully yielded quercetin 3, 5, 3’-trimethyl ether (1) and kumatakenin (2), while the isolation of the methanol extract resulted in scoparone (3), 6, 7, 8-trimethoxycoumarin (4), marmesin (5), glabranin (6), umbelliferone (7), scopoletin (8), and sesamin (9). The study is the first to isolate compound (1) from Rutaceae plants, and also the first to report the isolation of compounds (2–5) from M. glabra. The ORAC evaluation showed that the methanol extract is stronger than the ethyl acetate extract, while umbelliferone (7) exhibited the highest ORAC value of 24 965 μmolTE/g followed by glabranin (6), sesamin (9) and scopoletin (8). Ethyl acetate extract showed stronger antibacterial activity towards E. faecalis and S. mutans than the methanol extract with MIC values of 4166.7 ± 1443.4 μg/ml and 8303.3 ± 360.8 μg/ml respectively. Ethyl acetate extract inhibited E. faecalis growth, as shown by the lowest optical density value of 0.046 at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL with a percentage inhibition of 95%. Among the isolated compounds tested, umbelliferone (7) and sesamin (9) exhibited promising antibacterial activity against S. mutans with both exhibiting MIC values of 208.3 ± 90.6 μg/ml. Findings from this study suggests M. glabra as a natural source of potent antioxidant and antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Quek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hafizah Mohd Zaini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Kartinee Kassim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysic Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Fadzil Sulaiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zamirah Zainal Abidin
- Department of Oral Clinical Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Aveiro E, Chiarelli‐Neto VM, de‐Jesus‐Soares A, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, Almeida JFA, Marciano MA, Feres M, Gomes BPFA. Efficacy of reciprocating and ultrasonic activation of 6% sodium hypochlorite in the reduction of microbial content and virulence factors in teeth with primary endodontic infection. Int Endod J 2020; 53:604-618. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Aveiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Division of Endodontics Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas‐UNICAMPPiracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - V. M. Chiarelli‐Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Division of Endodontics Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas‐UNICAMPPiracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - A. de‐Jesus‐Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Division of Endodontics Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas‐UNICAMPPiracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - A. A. Zaia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Division of Endodontics Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas‐UNICAMPPiracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - C. C. R. Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Division of Endodontics Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas‐UNICAMPPiracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - J. F. A. Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Division of Endodontics Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas‐UNICAMPPiracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. A. Marciano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Division of Endodontics Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas‐UNICAMPPiracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Feres
- Department of Periodontology Guarulhos University‐UnG Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
| | - B. P. F. A. Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Division of Endodontics Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas‐UNICAMPPiracicaba São Paulo Brazil
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Crippa R, Aiuto R, Guardincerri M, Peñarrocha Diago M, Angiero F. Effect of Laser Radiation on Infected Sites for the Immediate Placement of Dental Implants. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 38:186-192. [PMID: 31429669 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of erbium-chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (ErCr:YSGG 2780 nm) laser irradiation on infected and/or inflamed post-extraction sites for the immediate placement, and when possible, immediate loading, of endosseous implants. Background: Post-extraction site infection is a serious complication. Surgical and nonsurgical options are available to treat such event, together with various decontamination methods. However, there is still no consensus on which treatment is the most effective. Materials and methods: Sixty-six patients were included in the study for a total of 94 post-extraction implants, inserted in the maxilla and mandible. All patients were eligible for implant therapy, having at least one compromised tooth requiring extraction, along with sign of inflammation and/or infection. Surgery and socket decontamination were performed using an ErCr:YSGG laser. To improve bone healing, Bio-Oss® and resorbable membrane were used in 57 patients. Eleven implants were immediately loaded, whereas 83 were loaded within 3-6 months, depending on the extraction site. Intraoral radiographs were taken at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months from the implant placement to assess the alveolar bone level and treatment's outcome. Albrektsson criteria were chosen to evaluate the treatment success rate. Results: Follow-up went from 6 months to 4 years. Success rate was 94.6% (89/94): three implants failed to integrate due to poor patient compliance, being expelled during the second week, whereas two implants presented factory defects (abutment). No sockets presented signs of residual infection during follow-up. Conclusions: The combination of mechanical, chemical, and laser treatment was proven to be highly effective for the disinfection of post-extraction sites. The ErCr:YSGG laser is a useful tool, not only for his practicality as a surgical device but also as a disinfection tool, granting optimal results after implant surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Crippa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Italian Stomatological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aiuto
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Marco Guardincerri
- Department of Medical Sciences and Diagnostic Integrated, S. Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Angiero
- Department of Medical Sciences and Diagnostic Integrated, S. Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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Katalinić I, Budimir A, Bošnjak Z, Jakovljević S, Anić I. The photo-activated and photo-thermal effect of the 445/970 nm diode laser on the mixed biofilm inside root canals of human teeth in vitro: A pilot study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:277-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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AgCa-PLGA submicron particles inhibit the growth and colonization of E. Faecalis and P. Gingivalis on dentin through infiltration into dentinal tubules. Int J Pharm 2018; 552:206-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shahi S, Zununi Vahed S, Fathi N, Sharifi S. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods: Promising molecular tools in dentistry. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:983-992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Modern day endodontics is undergoing a massive change with the introduction of new molecular based techniques for microbial identification. This review focuses on the microbiota in untreated and root-filled canals. It will also describe briefly the recent developments in microbial identification and the mechanisms by which certain species of microbes are able to invade and establish themselves in the root canal.
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Frequency and levels of candidate endodontic pathogens in acute apical abscesses as compared to asymptomatic apical periodontitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190469. [PMID: 29293651 PMCID: PMC5749828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute apical abscess is caused by bacteria that leave the infected dental root canal to invade the periodontal tissues. Most species occurring in abscesses are also found in asymptomatic infections; therefore, the possibility exists that not only the presence of certain species but also their specific counts influence the appearance of symptoms. This molecular study compared the frequency and levels of several candidate endodontic pathogens in teeth with acute apical abscesses and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Methods Samples were taken from the root canals of teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (n = 73) and by aspiration of purulent exudate from acute abscesses (n = 55). DNA was extracted from samples and bacterial identifications were performed by a closed-ended semi-quantitative reverse-capture checkerboard approach targeting 40 bacterial species/phylotypes. Results Bacterial DNA was detected in all cases. In abscesses, the most prevalent taxa were Fusobacterium nucleatum (60%), Porphyromonas endodontalis (53%), Parvimonas micra (51%), and Streptococcus species (45%). The most frequently detected taxa in asymptomatic teeth were P. endodontalis (63%), Dialister invisus (58%), Olsenella uli (56%), and F. nucleatum (51%). None of the targeted taxa were significantly associated with abscesses when only mere presence was evaluated (p>0.05). However, semi-quantitative data demonstrated that P. endodontalis, Prevotella baroniae, Treponema denticola and Streptococcus species were significantly more frequent at levels >105 in abscesses than in asymptomatic cases (p<0.05). Conclusion None of the target species/phylotypes were associated with abscesses in terms of frequency. However, some taxa were significantly found in higher levels in abscesses. Presence of a potentially virulent pathogen in high counts may increase the collective pathogenicity of the bacterial community and give rise to symptoms.
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Grgurević J, Ivanišević Malčić A, Tambić Andrašević A, Prpić Mehičić G, Kuzmac S, Jukić S. Frequency of bacetrial content finding in persistant periapical lesions. Acta Stomatol Croat 2017; 51:217-226. [PMID: 29225362 PMCID: PMC5708328 DOI: 10.15644/asc51/3/5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the percentage of persistant apical lesions positive for bacterial nucleic acids, to detect microorganisms difficult to cultivate in persistant apical lesions by PCR and relate them to endodontic failure, clinical symptoms and diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods The samples of persistent apical lesions were collected during apicoectomy. Bacterial ubiquitous primer 16S rRNA was used to detect 16S ribosomal RNA in 36 samples. A species–specific PCR was performed with primers targeted to the bacterial 16S rRNA genes of Prevotella Nigrescens, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, and Propionobacterium propionicum. Results Six samples (16.67%) were positive for bacterial ribosomal RNA. Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus was detected in three samples. Propionibacterium propionicum and Prevotella nigrescens were detected in one sample each. The prevalence of infection of such lesions with P. intermedia, P. propionicum and P. alactolyticus is low. Conslusion The study we conducted gave insufficient data about extraradicular infection and its connection with diabetes mellitus and clinical symptoms. Conclusions Apical lesions persisting after endodontic treatment could harbor microorganisms other than Actinomyces and Propionicum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joško Grgurević
- Department of Oral Surgery, Zagreb Dental Policlinic, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Ivanišević Malčić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,University Clinical Hospital Center, Dental Clinic
| | | | - Goranka Prpić Mehičić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,University Clinical Hospital Center, Dental Clinic
| | - Sania Kuzmac
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvana Jukić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,University Clinical Hospital Center, Dental Clinic
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Dalopoulou A, Economides N, Evangelidis V. Extrusion of Root Canal Sealer in Periapical Tissues - Report of Two Cases with Different Treatment Management and Literature Review. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/bjdm-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Background: Extrusion of root canal sealers may cause damage to the surrounding anatomic structures. Clinical symptoms like pain, swelling and paresthesia or anesthesia may be present. The purpose of this presentation is to describe two cases of root canal sealer penetration into periapical tissues. A different treatment management was followed in each case.
Case reports: A 55 year-old man underwent root canal retreatment of the right mandibular first molar tooth due to a periapical lesion. Postoperative periapical radiographs revealed the presence of root canal sealer (AH26) beyond the apex in the distal root in proximity to the mandibular canal. The patient reported pain for the next 7 days. Radiographic examination after 1 year showed complete healing of the periapical area and a small absorption of the root canal sealer. A 42 year-old woman was referred complained of swelling and pain in the area of the right maxillary first incisor. Radiographic examination showed extrusion of root canal sealer in the periapical area associated with a periapical lesion. Surgical intervention was decided upon, which included removal of the sealer, apicoectomy of the tooth and retrograde filling with MTA. After 1 year, complete healing of the area was observed.
Conclusion: In conclusion, cases of root canal sealer extrusion, surgical treatment should be decided on only in association with clinical symptoms or with radiographic evidence of increasing periapical lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Dalopoulou
- Undergraduate student, Aristotle University, Dental School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Economides
- Associate Professor, Aristotle University, Dental School, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Sarmast ND, Wang HH, Soldatos NK, Angelov N, Dorn S, Yukna R, Iacono VJ. A Novel Treatment Decision Tree and Literature Review of Retrograde Peri-Implantitis. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1458-1467. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Crespi R, Capparé P, Crespi G, Lo Giudice G, Gastaldi G, Gherlone E. Dental Implants Placed in Periodontally Infected Sites in Humans. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2016; 19:131-139. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Crespi
- Dental School, Vita-Salute University; Milan Italy
- Department of Dentistry; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Paolo Capparé
- Dental School, Vita-Salute University; Milan Italy
- Department of Dentistry; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital; Milan Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Lo Giudice
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Experimental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- “G.Martino” Hospital, V. Cons. Valeria Gazzi; Messina Italy
| | - Giorgio Gastaldi
- Dental School, Vita-Salute University; Milan Italy
- San Rocco Clinical Institute; Ome Italy
| | - Enrico Gherlone
- Dental School, Vita-Salute University; Milan Italy
- Department of Dentistry; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital; Milan Italy
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Crespi R, Capparé P, Crespi G, Lo Giudice G, Gastaldi G, Gherlone E. Immediate Implant Placement in Sockets with Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2016; 19:20-27. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Crespi
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Dentistry; Vita Salute University, San Raffaele Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Paolo Capparé
- Researcher, Department of Dentistry; Vita Salute University, San Raffaele Hospital; Milan Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Lo Giudice
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sperimental Sciences; University of Messina, Messina, Italy, “G.Martino” Hospital, V. Cons. Valeria Gazzi; Messina Italy
| | - Giorgio Gastaldi
- Associate Professor, Dental School; Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy and San Rocco Hospital; Brescia Italy
| | - Enrico Gherlone
- Full Professor and Chairmen, Department of Dentistry; Vita Salute University, San Raffaele Hospital; Milan Italy
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Łysakowska ME, Ciebiada-Adamiec A, Sienkiewicz M, Sokołowski J, Banaszek K. The cultivable microbiota of primary and secondary infected root canals, their susceptibility to antibiotics and association with the signs and symptoms of infection. Int Endod J 2015; 49:422-30. [PMID: 26011084 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the presence of microbial species in primary and secondary infections and identify the signs and symptoms associated with them. METHODOLOGY A total number of 37 root canals from 33 patients undergoing root canal treatment were selected. Samples were taken using a sterile paper point following chemomechanical canal instrumentation. Microbiological identification was performed by macromorphological, micromorphological and commercial biochemical tests (ATB system). The antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolated Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Propionibacterium spp. was evaluated. RESULTS A total number of 54 species were isolated. The most common was E. faecalis followed by Propionibacterium acnes and Streptococcus spp. Five multidrug-resistant enterococcal strains were isolated. However, resistance to linezolid or glycopeptides was not found. Radiolucency was observed significantly more often in symptomatic infections (P = 0.0061) caused by Actinomyces spp. than in asymptomatic ones. CONCLUSIONS Enterococci and streptococci were the most commonly isolated bacteria from root canals. The resistance of enterococci to many antimicrobials may pose a problem in their eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Łysakowska
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Laboratory Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Ciebiada-Adamiec
- Medical Diagnostic Laboratory Center, Polish Mother's Memory Institute, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Sienkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - J Sokołowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - K Banaszek
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Park HW, Choi KD, Shin IS. Antimicrobial activity of isothiocyanates (ITCs) extracted from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) root against oral microorganisms. Biocontrol Sci 2014; 18:163-8. [PMID: 24077540 DOI: 10.4265/bio.18.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of isothiocyanates (ITCs) extracted from horseradish root was investigated against oral microorganisms: 6 strains of facultative anaerobic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; one strain of yeast, Candida albicans, and 3 strains of anaerobic bacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella nigrescens, and Clostridium perfringens. The ITCs extracted from horseradish root showed antimicrobial activity against all oral microorganisms by the paper disk method. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the ITCs extracted from horseradish root ranged from 1.25 to 5.00 mg/ml against 6 strains of facultative anaerobic bacteria and one strain of yeast, and 4.17 to 16.67 mg/ml against 3 strains of anaerobic bacteria. The ITCs extracted from horseradish root showed the strongest antimicrobial activity, with a MBC of 1.25 mg/ml, against C. albicans among facultative microorganisms, and 4.17 mg/ml against F. nucleatum among anaerobic bacteria. These results suggest that the ITCs extracted from horseradish root may be a candidate for use as an antimicrobial agent against oral microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Won Park
- Department of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University
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21
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Montagner F, Jacinto RC, Correa Signoretti FG, Scheffer de Mattos V, Grecca FS, Gomes BPFDA. Beta-lactamic resistance profiles in Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Parvimonas species isolated from acute endodontic infections. J Endod 2013; 40:339-44. [PMID: 24565649 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Susceptibility to beta-lactamic agents has changed among anaerobic isolates from acute endodontic infections. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the cfxA/cfxA2 gene in Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp., and Parviomonas micra strains and show its phenotypic expression. METHODS Root canal samples from teeth with acute endodontic infections were collected and Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Parvimonas micra strains were isolated and microbiologically identified with conventional culture techniques. The susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration of benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin + clavulanate using the E-test method (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden). The presence of the cfxA/cfxA2 gene was determined through primer-specific polymerase chain reaction. The nitrocefin test was used to determine the expression of the lactamase enzyme. RESULTS Prevotella disiens, Prevotella oralis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and P. micra strains were susceptible to benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin + clavulanate. The cfxA/cfxA2 gene was detected in 2 of 29 isolates (6.9%). Simultaneous detection of the cfxA/cfxA2 gene and lactamase production was observed for 1 Prevotella buccalis strain. The gene was in 1 P. micra strain but was not expressed. Three strains were positive for lactamase production, but the cfxA/cfxA2 gene was not detected through polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS There is a low prevalence of the cfxA/cfxA2 gene and its expression in Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., and P. micra strains isolated from acute endodontic infections. Genetic and phenotypic screening must be performed simultaneously to best describe additional mechanisms involved in lactamic resistance for strict anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Montagner
- Endodontic Division, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Castilho Jacinto
- Endodontic Division, Department of Semiology and Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Scheffer de Mattos
- Endodontic Division, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Soares Grecca
- Endodontic Division, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Abstract
Acute apical abscess is the most common form of dental abscess and is caused by infection of the root canal of the tooth. It is usually localized intraorally, but in some cases the apical abscess may spread and result in severe complications or even mortality. The reasons why dental root canal infections can become symptomatic and evolve to severe spreading and sometimes life-threatening abscesses remain elusive. Studies using culture and advanced molecular microbiology methods for microbial identification in apical abscesses have demonstrated a multispecies community conspicuously dominated by anaerobic bacteria. Species/phylotypes commonly found in these infections belong to the genera Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Dialister, Streptococcus, and Treponema. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies and computational biology have substantially enhanced the knowledge of the microbiota associated with acute apical abscesses and shed some light on the etiopathogeny of this disease. Species richness and abundance and the resulting network of interactions among community members may affect the collective pathogenicity and contribute to the development of acute infections. Disease modifiers, including transient or permanent host-related factors, may also influence the development and severity of acute abscesses. This review focuses on the current evidence about the etiology and treatment of acute apical abscesses and how the process is influenced by host-related factors and proposes future directions in research, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches to deal with this disease.
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Chrcanovic BR, Martins MD, Wennerberg A. Immediate Placement of Implants into Infected Sites: A Systematic Review. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2013; 17 Suppl 1:e1-e16. [PMID: 23815434 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximiliano Delany Martins
- Laboratório de Nanoscopia - LabNano; Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear - CDTN; Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear - CNEN; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
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Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Activates Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin and p38 MAPK Signalling in Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla. Inflammation 2013; 36:1393-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cao H, Qi Z, Jiang H, Zhao J, Liu Z, Tang Z. Detection of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in primary endodontic infections in a Chinese population. Int Endod J 2012; 45:773-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dumani A, Yoldas O, Yilmaz S, Koksal F, Kayar B, Akcimen B, Seydaoglu G. Polymerase chain reaction of enterococcus faecalis and candida albicans in apical periodontitis from Turkish patients. J Clin Exp Dent 2012; 4:e34-9. [PMID: 24558522 PMCID: PMC3908807 DOI: 10.4317/jced.50669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of two important pathogenic microorganisms associated with endodontic infections, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, in root canal samples from patients with necrotic pulps or failed canal therapy by polymerase chain reaction method.
Method: Microbial samples were obtained from 117 teeth with necrotic pulp tissues and 114 teeth with failed endodontic treatment.
Results: E.faecalis were identified in 16% of the necrotic and 10% of the retreated root canal infections by PCR. C.albicans genome were identified in 20% and 11% of the necrotic and retreated root canal infections, respectively, by PCR. The frequencies of microbiota were not statistically different between necrotic and retreatment groups (p > 0.05, chi squared test).
Conclusions: PCR analysis of teeth with periapical lesions revealed that E.faecalis was found in fewer patients than in previous studies. The C.albicans prevelance was consistent with previous reports. No statistical difference was found between primary and secondary root canal infections for C.albicans or E.faecalis.
Key words:Primary root canal infection, secondary root canal infection, E.faecalis, C.albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysin Dumani
- DDS, PhD. Assistant Professor, Cukurova University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics
| | - Oguz Yoldas
- DDS, PhD. Professor, Cukurova University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics
| | - Sehnaz Yilmaz
- DDS, PhD. Assistant Professor, Cukurova University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics
| | - Fatih Koksal
- MD, PhD. Professor, Cukurova University, Department of Microbiology
| | - Begum Kayar
- DDS, PhD. Research Asistant, Cukurova University, Department of Microbiology
| | - Beril Akcimen
- DDS, PhD. Research Asistant, Cukurova University, Department of Microbiology
| | - Gulsah Seydaoglu
- MD, PhD. Associated Professor, Cukurova University, Department of Biostatistic
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Analysis of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Primary Root Canal Infections in Adult Norwegian Patients. J Endod 2011; 37:1206-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kusek ER. Immediate Implant Placement Into Infected Sites: Bacterial Studies of the Hydroacoustic Effects of the YSGG Laser. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2011; 37 Spec No:205-11. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the use of an erbium laser to use photoacoustics to reduce the bacteria in osteotomy sites that were infected by apical pathology. The author shows reduced bacterial counts by performing bacterial cultures following laser treatment. Swabs were taken after the extraction of the tooth and then after the laser was placed into the osteotomy site. The results showed a noticeable reduction of bacteria and no traces of virulent bacteria.
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FIGDOR DAVID, GULABIVALA KISHOR. Survival against the odds: microbiology of root canals associated with post-treatment disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2011.00259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ozbek SM, Ozbek A. Real-time polymerase chain reaction of "red complex" (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) in periradicular abscesses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 110:670-4. [PMID: 20955954 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) have been implicated, either singly or in combination, in the development of various forms of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of "red complex" in acute periradicular abscesses by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. STUDY DESIGN Microbial samples were collected by aspiration from 32 cases diagnosed as acute periradicular abscess. DNA was extracted from the samples by using a QIAamp DNA mini-kit and analyzed with real-time PCR. RESULTS At least 1 member of the red complex was found in 84% of the cases. In general T. denticola, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia were detected in 65.6%, 43.7%, and 40.6% of the cases, respectively. Red complex was detected in 15.6% of samples taken from acute periradicular abscesses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that "red complex" can participate in the pathogenesis of acute periradicular abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcuk M Ozbek
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in primary endodontic infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:474-8. [PMID: 20219603 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long fimbriae (FimA) are important virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Based on the diversity of the fimA gene, this species is classified into 6 genotypes. This study surveyed samples from primary endodontic infections for the presence of these P. gingivalis fimA variants. STUDY DESIGN Genomic DNA isolated from samples taken from 25 root canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis and 25 aspirates from acute apical abscess was used as template in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays directed toward the detection of the different P. gingivalis fimA genotypes. RESULTS Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected by a 16S rRNA gene-based PCR in 36% of the total number of cases sampled (44% of chronic apical periodontitis and 28% of abscess aspirates). In cases of chronic apical periodontitis, P. gingivalis variant type IV was the most prevalent (24%), followed by types I (20%), II (16%), and III (8%). In acute abscess samples, variant type II was the most prevalent (12%), followed by types III and IV (8% of each) and type I (4%). Combinations of up to 3 different genotypes were detected in a few cases. No single fimA genotype variant or combination thereof was significantly associated with symptoms. Overall, fimA types IV (16%), II (14%), and I (12%) were the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrated that different P. gingivalis fimA genotypes can be present in primary endodontic infections.
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Flanagan D. Calcium hydroxide paste as a surface detoxifying agent for infected dental implants: two case reports. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2009; 35:204-9. [PMID: 19813427 DOI: 10.1563/1548-1336-35.4.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dental implant treatment is successful; however, an implant can become infected during or after osseointegration. The two case reports presented here demonstrate, anecdotally, the effectiveness of endodontic calcium hydroxide paste for the surface treatment of infected, healing, or osseointegrated dental implants. Calcium hydroxide may be an appropriate surface detoxifying agent for local dental implant infections. A sequence of calcium hydroxide and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate surface treatment may provide a broad range of antimicrobial action for detoxifying recalcitrant infections. Calcium hydroxide should not be left in the surgical site.
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Abstract
Although fungi, archaea, and viruses contribute to the microbial diversity in endodontic infections, bacteria are the most common micro-organisms occurring in these infections. Datasets from culture and molecular studies, integrated here for the first time, showed that over 460 unique bacterial taxa belonging to 100 genera and 9 phyla have been identified in different types of endodontic infections. The phyla with the highest species richness were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Diversity varies significantly according to the type of infection. Overall, more taxa have been disclosed by molecular studies than by culture. Many cultivable and as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes have emerged as candidate pathogens based on detection in several studies and/or high prevalence. Now that a comprehensive inventory of the endodontic microbial taxa has been established, future research should focus on the association with different disease conditions, functional roles in the community, and susceptibility to antimicrobial treatment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Av. Alfredo Baltazar da Silveira, 580/cobertura, Recreio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Chen SC, Huang FM, Lee SS, Li MZ, Chang YC. The upregulation of receptor activator NF-κB ligand expression by interleukin-1α andPorphyromonas endodontalisin human osteoblastic cells. Int Endod J 2009; 42:375-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The acute dental abscess is frequently underestimated in terms of its morbidity and mortality. The risk of potential serious consequences arising from the spread of a dental abscess is still relevant today with many hospital admissions for dental sepsis. The acute dental abscess is usually polymicrobial comprising facultative anaerobes, such as viridans group streptococci and the Streptococcus anginosus group, with predominantly strict anaerobes, such as anaerobic cocci, Prevotella and Fusobacterium species. The use of non-culture techniques has expanded our insight into the microbial diversity of the causative agents, identifying such organisms as Treponema species and anaerobic Gram-positive rods such as Bulleidia extructa, Cryptobacterium curtum and Mogibacterium timidum. Despite some reports of increasing antimicrobial resistance in isolates from acute dental infection, the vast majority of localized dental abscesses respond to surgical treatment, with antimicrobials limited to spreading and severe infections. The microbiology and treatment of the acute localized abscess and severe spreading odontogenic infections are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Robertson
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Glasgow, Medical Faculty, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK
| | - A. J. Smith
- Infection and Immunity Section, University of Glasgow, Medical Faculty, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN, Debelian GJ, Carmo FL, Paiva SSM, Alves FRF, Rosado AS. Profiling of root canal bacterial communities associated with chronic apical periodontitis from Brazilian and Norwegian subjects. J Endod 2008; 34:1457-61. [PMID: 19026873 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the bacterial community profiles of the root canal microbiota associated with chronic apical periodontitis from Brazilian and Norwegian patients using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and the ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) approaches. DNA extracted from root canal samples was subjected to polymerase chain reaction using primers appropriate for further DGGE or RISA analysis. The resulting banding patterns representative of the bacterial community structures in samples from the two locations were compared. DGGE and RISA fingerprints showed a great interindividual variability in the bacterial community profiles, irrespective of the geographic location of the patient. However, similarities among the bacterial community DGGE profiles revealed the existence of a geography-related pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN, Silva MG. Prevalence and clonal analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis in primary endodontic infections. J Endod 2008; 34:1332-1336. [PMID: 18928841 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in 62 teeth with primary endodontic infections by using a species-specific 16S rRNA gene-based nested polymerase chain reaction assay. P. gingivalis isolates recovered from 2 infected root canals were also analyzed for clonal diversity by using arbitrarily primed PCR. Overall, P. gingivalis was found in 48% of the samples. This species was specifically detected in 36% of canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis, in 46% of the cases of acute apical periodontitis, and in 67% of acute apical abscesses. P. gingivalis was significantly more frequent in abscess aspirates than in canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis (P < .05). Typing of colonies retrieved from 2 infected canals revealed 2 clones per individual. These findings confirmed that P. gingivalis can be an important endodontic pathogen, mostly associated with acute abscesses, and demonstrated that different clonal types of this species can colonize the root canal in the same individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marlei G Silva
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
Samples from infected root canals of 43 teeth with chronic apical periodontitis were analyzed for the presence and relative levels of 83 oral bacterial species and/or phylotypes using a reverse-capture checkerboard hybridization assay. Associations between the most frequently detected taxa were also recorded. The most prevalent taxa were Olsenella uli (74%), Eikenella corrodens (63%), Porphyromonas endodontalis (56%), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (54%), and Bacteroidetes oral clone X083 (51%). When prevalence was considered only for bacteria present at levels >10(5), Bacteroidetes clone X083 was the most frequently isolated bacterium (37%), followed by Parvimonas micra (28%), E. corrodens (23%), and Tannerella forsythia (19%). The number of target taxa per canal was directly proportional to the size of the apical periodontitis lesion, with lesions >10 mm in diameter harboring a mean number of approximately 20 taxa. Several positive associations for the most prevalent taxa were disclosed for the first time and may have important ecological and pathogenic implications. In addition to strengthening the association of several cultivable named species with chronic apical periodontitis, the present findings using a large-scale analysis allowed the inclusion of some newly named species and as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes in the set of candidate pathogens associated with this disease.
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Sassone LM, Fidel R, Faveri M, Fidel S, Figueiredo L, Feres M. Microbiological evaluation of primary endodontic infections in teeth with and without sinus tract. Int Endod J 2008; 41:508-15. [PMID: 18422583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the microbiological status of primary endodontic infections in teeth with and without a sinus tract. METHODOLOGY Samples were collected by means of a size 15 H-type file and two sterile paper points from 30 cases of primary endodontic infections with (n = 15) or without (n = 15) a sinus tract. The presence of 40 bacterial species was determined by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. RESULTS The species found at the highest levels and prevalence were Fusobacterium nucleatum sp. vincentii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Veillonella parvula, Enterococcus faecalis, Campylobacter gracilis and Neisseria mucosa. Total bacterial counts were similar between teeth with (44 x 10(5)) and without (50 x 10(5)) a sinus tract (t-test: P > 0.05). E. faecalis, Streptococcus anginosus, Capnocytophaga sputigena and Capnocytophaga gingivalis had significantly higher counts in the absence of sinus tract (Mann-Whitney test, P < 0.05). Higher levels of P. gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum sp. nucleatum were observed in cases with a sinus tract. Leptotrichia buccalis (OR = 1.83; CI 95%) and Porphyromonas endodontalis (OR = 2.15; CI 95%) were associated with an increased chance of subjects having a sinus tract. CONCLUSIONS Primary endodontic infections were associated with a large variety of bacterial species. Specific differences between the composition of the microbiota of primary root canal infections were observed in cases with or without a sinus tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sassone
- Proclin Department, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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40
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Sassone L, Fidel R, Figueiredo L, Fidel S, Faveri M, Feres M. Evaluation of the microbiota of primary endodontic infections using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 22:390-7. [PMID: 17949342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the microbiota of primary endodontic infections in 111 selected cases of single-rooted teeth with necrotic pulp. METHODS Samples were collected from the root canals using #15 Hedströen-type files and two sterile paper points, which were introduced 1 mm short of the apical foramen. The presence, levels, and proportions of 40 different bacterial species in each sample were determined using DNA probes and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization techniques. RESULTS The mean number of species per sample was 22. Enterococcus faecalis (89.3%), Campylobacter gracilis (89.3%), Leptotrichia buccalis (89.3%), Neisseria mucosa (87.5%), Prevotella melaninogenica (86.6%), Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. vincentii (85.7%), Eubacterium saburreum (75.9%), Streptococcus anginosus (75%), and Veillonella parvula (74.1%) were the most prevalent species. The species found in highest mean counts (over 10(5)) were F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii (13.14 x 10(5)), E. saburreum (5.67 x 10(5)), E. faecalis (5.38 x 10(5)), N. mucosa (4.19 x 10(5)), V. parvula (3.63 x 10(5)), C. gracilis (3.46 x 10(5)), Treponema socranskii (3.34 x 10(5)), Porphyromonas endodontalis (2.96 x 10(5)), Porphyromonas gingivalis (2.85 x 10(5)), Micromonas micros (2.81 x 10(5)), Prevotella nigrescens (2.68 x 10(5)) and Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. nucleatum (2.64 x 10(5)). Most of these species were also found in high proportions. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that several bacterial species considered to be oral pathogens seem to be implicated in the etiology of primary endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sassone
- Proclin Department, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.
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41
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Brito LCN, Teles FR, Teles RP, França EC, Ribeiro-Sobrinho AP, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Use of multiple-displacement amplification and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization to examine the microbiota of endodontic infections. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3039-49. [PMID: 17634304 PMCID: PMC2045303 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02618-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple-displacement amplification (MDA) has been used to uniformly amplify bacterial genomes present in small samples, providing abundant targets for molecular analysis. The purpose of this investigation was to combine MDA and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization to examine the microbiota of endodontic infections. Sixty-six samples were collected from teeth with endodontic infections. Nonamplified and amplified samples were analyzed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization for levels and proportions of 77 bacterial taxa. Counts, percentages of DNA probe counts, and percentages of teeth colonized for each species in amplified and nonamplified samples were computed. Significance of differences for each species between amplified and nonamplified samples was sought with Wilcoxon signed-rank test and adjusted for multiple comparisons. The amount of DNA in the samples ranged from 6.80 (+/- 5.2) ng before to 6.26 (+/- 1.73) mug after MDA. Seventy of the 77 DNA probes hybridized with one or more of the nonamplified samples. All probes hybridized with at least one sample after amplification. Most commonly detected species at levels of >10(4) in both amplified and nonamplified samples were Prevotella tannerae and Acinetobacter baumannii at frequencies between 89 and 100% of samples. The mean number of species at counts of >10(4) in amplified samples was 51.2 +/- 2.2 and in nonamplified samples was 14.5 +/- 1.7. The endodontic microbiota was far more complex than previously shown, although microbial profiles at teeth with or without periradicular lesions did not differ significantly. Species commonly detected in endodontic samples included P. tannerae, Prevotella oris, and A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C N Brito
- Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Machado de Oliveira JC, Siqueira JF, Rôças IN, Baumgartner JC, Xia T, Peixoto RS, Rosado AS. Bacterial community profiles of endodontic abscesses from Brazilian and USA subjects as compared by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 22:14-8. [PMID: 17241165 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the bacterial community profiles of the microbiota associated with acute apical abscesses from Brazilian and USA patients using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). DNA was extracted from purulent exudate aspirates and part of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and separated by DGGE. The resulting banding patterns, which were representative of the bacterial community structures in samples from the two locations, were then compared. Distinct DGGE banding patterns were observed from different samples. Ninety-nine bands with distinct positions in the gels were detected, of which 27 were found only in the USA samples and 13 were exclusive to Brazilian samples. Four of the 59 shared bands showed very discrepant findings with regard to prevalence in the two locations. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding profiles showed a great variability in the bacterial populations associated with teeth with abscesses regardless of the geographical location. Two big clusters, one for each location, were observed. Other clusters contained a mixture of samples from the two locations. The results of the present study demonstrated a great variability in the bacterial community profiles among samples. This indicates that the bacterial communities of abscesses are unique for each individual in terms of diversity. The composition of the microbiota in some samples showed a geography-related pattern. Furthermore, several bands were exclusive for each location and others were shared by the two locations and showed great differences in prevalence.
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Tomazinho LF, Avila-Campos MJ. Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens in chronic endodontic infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 103:285-8. [PMID: 17234549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Black-pigmented anaerobic rods such as Prevotella spp. and Porphyromonas spp. are involved in the etiology and perpetuation of endodontic infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of these species in chronic endodontic infections by using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Samples of 100 patients with root canals displaying chronic endodontic infections were obtained by sterilized paper points. Bacterial identification was performed by using culture and PCR techniques. By culture, in 33% of the samples, P. intermedia-P. nigrescens (75.8%), P. gingivalis (27.3%), and P. endodontalis (9.1%) were identified, and by PCR 60% of the samples harbored P. nigrescens (43.3%), P. gingivalis (43.3%), P. intermedia (31.7%), and P. endodontalis (23.3%). The presence of these black-pigmented anaerobic rods alone or in association in chronic endodontic infections seems to be frequent. PCR is a very sensitive technique for detecting DNA from bacterial cells. Culturing is only able to reveal living bacteria and is less sensitive for the identification of low numbers of bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Tomazinho
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
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44
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Sakamoto M, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF, Benno Y. Molecular analysis of bacteria in asymptomatic and symptomatic endodontic infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 21:112-22. [PMID: 16476021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2006.00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to use terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and the 16S rRNA gene clone library to investigate the diversity of the microbiota associated with asymptomatic and symptomatic endodontic infections and to compare the bacterial community structure in these two clinical conditions. Samples were taken from asymptomatic endodontic infections associated with chronic periradicular lesions and from symptomatic infections clinically diagnosed as acute abscesses. 16S rRNA genes from DNA isolated from clinical samples were used to construct clone libraries or were subjected to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Sequence analysis of 186 clones revealed 42 taxa; 23 (55%) were uncultivated phylotypes, of which seven were unique to endodontic infections. Clone sequencing and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that the most commonly detected taxa were Fusobacterium nucleatum (including terminal restriction fragment types 1 and 2), Peptostreptococcus micros/Peptostreptococcus sp. oral clone AJ062/BS044/FG014, Prevotella species, Dialister species, Mogibacterium species, Lachnospiraceae oral clone 55A-34, Filifactor alocis, Megasphaera sp. oral clone CS025/BS073, and Veillonella sp. oral clone BP1-85/Veillonella dispar/V. parvula. Bacteroides-like sp. oral clone X083/Bacteroidales oral clone MCE7_20 and Dialister sp. oral clone BS016/MCE7_134 were detected only in asymptomatic teeth. On the other hand, F. nucleatum terminal restriction fragment type 2, Prevotella intermedia, Dialister pneumosintes, and some phylotypes were exclusively detected in symptomatic samples. Bacterial profiles of symptomatic endodontic infections generated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were clearly different from those of asymptomatic infections. Overall, the average number of terminal restriction fragments in symptomatic samples was significantly larger than in asymptomatic samples. Molecular analysis of the microbiota associated with symptomatic or asymptomatic endodontic infections indicates that the endodontic bacterial diversity is greater than previously described by culture methods and that the structure of the microbiota differ significantly between asymptomatic and symptomatic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakamoto
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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45
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Foschi F, Cavrini F, Montebugnoli L, Stashenko P, Sambri V, Prati C. Detection of bacteria in endodontic samples by polymerase chain reaction assays and association with defined clinical signs in Italian patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 20:289-95. [PMID: 16101964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2005.00227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The presence of selected bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, Treponema denticola) in infected root canals was studied using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and the association of bacteria with clinical signs of endodontic disease was assessed. The null hypothesis, that no difference could be observed between clinical signs of apical periodontitis and a specific bacterial strain, was tested. METHODS Microbial samples were obtained from 62 teeth in 54 patients with endodontic disease. For each tooth, clinical data including patient symptoms were collected. Teeth were categorized by diagnosis as having acute apical periodontitis (AAP, teeth with clinical symptoms but no periapical radiolucency, n=22), chronic apical periodontitis (CAP, teeth with radiolucency but no clinical symptoms, n=15) or exacerbated apical periodontitis (EAP, teeth with symptoms and radiolucency, n=25). Seventy-one percent of cases were primary endodontic infections, and 29% were recurrent ('secondary') endodontic infections (failing cases). PCR assays were used to detect the presence of the selected bacteria. RESULTS T. denticola and E. faecalis were each detected in 15 of 62 samples (24%), P. gingivalis in 8 samples (13%), P. intermedia in 5 samples (8%), and T. forsythensis in 4 samples (7%). T. denticola was detected in 56% of teeth with EAP. E. faecalis was found in 60% of teeth with CAP and in 72% of teeth with secondary infection. Statistical analysis demonstrated an association of CAP and secondary endodontic infection with the presence of E. faecalis. (P<0.01). EAP was associated with the presence of T. denticola (P<0.01). CONCLUSION T. denticola was associated with symptomatic endodontic disease in the presence of apical bone resorption. E. faecalis was associated with treatment failures. We suggest that these species may play critical roles in endodontic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Foschi
- Endodontics Unit, Department of Dental Science, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorium, Italy.
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Imai M, Murakami Y, Nagano K, Nakamura H, Yoshimura F. Major outer membrane proteins from Porphyromonas gingivalis: strain variation, distribution, and clinical significance in periradicular lesions. Eur J Oral Sci 2005; 113:391-9. [PMID: 16202026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2005.00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated in both marginal periodontitis and periapical infection. This study examined the major outer membrane proteins, from P. gingivalis, which related to periradicular lesions. Outer membrane protein profiles of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and W83 were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and N-terminal amino acid analysis. Most outer membrane proteins, such as RagA, gingipains, and OmpA-like proteins, were found in both strains in a similar distribution pattern; however, the migration positions of Lys-gingipain and RagB were inverted in SDS-PAGE. Western blot analysis showed that RagA, RagB, and OmpA-like proteins were found in all of the P. gingivalis strains tested. The antiserum of W83 against RagB reacted poorly to some strains, such as ATCC 33277. When strains phylogenetically related to P. gingivalis were examined, RagA and OmpA homologs were immunologically detected in several strains. However, none of the RagB homologs were detected in any strain analyzed, suggesting that RagB is unique to P. gingivalis. To examine immunoreactive antigens in P. gingivalis, sera from patients with periradicular lesions were used. More than half of the sera showed strong reactions to P. gingivalis cell components, especially RagB. Our results indicate that a major outer membrane protein, RagB, is a possible virulence factor in periradicular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Gomes BPFA, Jacinto RC, Pinheiro ET, Sousa ELR, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, Souza-Filho FJ. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in endodontic lesions detected by culture and by PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 20:211-5. [PMID: 15943764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2005.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
he aim of this study was to investigate the presence of four black-pigmented bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens, in endodontic infections by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Microbial samples were obtained from 50 teeth with untreated necrotic pulps (primary infection) and from 50 teeth with failing endodontic treatment (secondary infection). Microbiological strict anaerobic techniques were used for serial dilution, plating, incubation, and identification. For PCR detection, the samples were analyzed using species-specific primers of 16S rDNA and the downstream intergenic spacer region. Culture and PCR detected the test species in 13/100 and 50/100 of the study teeth, respectively. The organisms were cultured from 11/50 (22%) of primarily infected root canal samples and from 2/50 (4%) of secondary root canal samples. PCR detection identified the target species in 32/50 (64%) and 18/50 (36%) of primary and secondary infections, respectively. P. gingivalis was rarely isolated by culture methods (1%), but was the most frequently identified test species by PCR (38%). Similarly, P. endodontalis was not recovered by culture from any tooth studied, but was detected by PCR in 25% of the sampled teeth. PCR-based identification also showed higher detection rates of P. intermedia (33%) and P. nigrescens (22%) than culture (13%). In conclusion, P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis, P. intermedia, and P. nigrescens were identified more frequently in teeth with necrotic pulp than in teeth with failing endodontic treatment. Also, a higher frequency of black-pigmented species was detected by PCR than by culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P F A Gomes
- Endodontic Area, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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48
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Tancharoen S, Sarker KP, Imamura T, Biswas KK, Matsushita K, Tatsuyama S, Travis J, Potempa J, Torii M, Maruyama I. Neuropeptide release from dental pulp cells by RgpB via proteinase-activated receptor-2 signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:5796-804. [PMID: 15843583 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp inflammation often results from dissemination of periodontitis caused mostly by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. Calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P are proinflammatory neuropeptides that increase in inflamed pulp tissue. To study an involvement of the periodontitis pathogen and neuropeptides in pulp inflammation, we investigated human dental pulp cell neuropeptide release by arginine-specific cysteine protease (RgpB), a cysteine proteinase of P. gingivalis, and participating signaling pathways. RgpB induced neuropeptide release from cultured human pulp cells (HPCs) in a proteolytic activity-dependent manner at a range of 12.5-200 nM. HPCs expressed both mRNA and the products of calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, and proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) that were also found in dental pulp fibroblast-like cells. The PAR-2 agonists, SLIGKV and trypsin, also induced neuropeptide release from HPCs, and HPC PAR-2 gene knockout by transfection of PAR-2 antisense oligonucleotides inhibited significantly the RgpB-elicited neuropeptide release. These results indicated that RgpB-induced neuropeptide release was dependent on PAR-2 activation. The kinase inhibitor profile on the RgpB-neuropeptide release from HPC revealed a new PAR-2 signaling pathway that was mediated by p38 MAPK and activated transcription factor-2 activation, in addition to the PAR-2-p44/42 p38MAPK and -AP-1 pathway. This new RgpB activity suggests a possible link between periodontitis and pulp inflammation, which may be modulated by neuropeptides released in the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salunya Tancharoen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Japan
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49
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Siqueira JF, Jung IY, Rôças IN, Lee CY. Differences in prevalence of selected bacterial species in primary endodontic infections from two distinct geographic locations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 99:641-7. [PMID: 15829891 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study intended to compare the prevalence of 7 putative endodontic pathogens in samples of primary endodontic infections taken from patients of 2 distant geographic locations. STUDY DESIGN Samples from infected root canals associated with asymptomatic periradicular lesions or from pus aspirated from acute periradicular abscesses were collected from patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Seoul, South Korea. South Korean samples were frozen and delivered to Brazil, where all steps in the molecular analysis were performed. DNA was extracted and a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect 7 target bacterial species. RESULTS The most prevalent species detected in Brazilian samples were Porphyromonas endodontalis (79% of the cases) , Treponema denticola (79%), and Dialister pneumosintes (76%). The most prevalent species found in South Korean samples were Fusobacterium nucleatum (38% of the cases) , Tannerella forsythia (26%), and Treponema maltophilum (24%). Overall, P endodontalis, D pneumosintes, Filifactor alocis, T denticola, and T forsythia were significantly more detected in Brazilian samples than in South Korean samples ( P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicated that the prevalence of some species in infections of endodontic origin may significantly differ from one geographic location to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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50
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN, Rosado AS. Investigation of bacterial communities associated with asymptomatic and symptomatic endodontic infections by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:363-70. [PMID: 15491461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2004.00170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the bacterial communities associated with asymptomatic and symptomatic endodontic infections and to compare denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting patterns of these two clinical conditions. The root canal microbiota of teeth associated with asymptomatic or symptomatic periradicular lesions was profiled by the PCR-DGGE method and then compared, taking into consideration the banding patterns. Bacteria were present in all examined cases. Comparative analysis of the two clinical conditions revealed bands that were common to both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, but most DGGE bands appeared to be unique for each clinical condition. No single band occurred in all profiles. The mean number of bands detected in the 16S rDNA community profiles were 12.1 +/- 9.4 (range 2-29) for symptomatic samples and 6.7 +/- 2.7 (range 2-11) for asymptomatic ones. Clustering methods and principal component analysis of DGGE banding pattern placed the samples according to the presence or absence of symptoms. Four intense bands that were excised from the gel and sequenced showed similarities to species of the Campylobacter genus (found in 5/12 asymptomatic and in 3/11 symptomatic cases), Fusobacterium genus (4/11 symptomatic cases), Acinetobacter genus (5/12 asymptomatic cases), and Enterobacteriaceae family (11/12 asymptomatic and 2/11 symptomatic cases). The profiles of the predominant bacterial community appeared to be unique for each individual. These findings confirm that endodontic infections are polymicrobial and showed that there are significant differences in the predominant bacterial composition between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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