1
|
Liu J, Yue Q, Zhang S, Xu J, Jiang X, Su Q, Sun L, Li B, Li K, Su L, Zhao L. A pilot study on oral microbiome in electronic cigarettes consumers versus traditional cigarettes smokers. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01185-w. [PMID: 38954243 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Oral microorganisms are closely related to oral health, the occurrence of some oral diseases is associated with changes in the oral microbiota, and many studies have demonstrated that traditional smoking can affect the oral microbial community. However, due to the short time since the emergence of e-cigarettes, fewer studies are comparing oral microorganisms for users of e-cigarettes versus cigarettes. We collected saliva from 40 non-smokers (NS), 46 traditional cigarette smokers (TS), and 27 e-cigarette consumers (EC), aged between 18 and 35 years. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the saliva samples collected to study the effects of e-cigarettes versus traditional cigarettes on the oral microbiome. The results showed that compared with the NS group, the alpha diversity of oral flora in saliva was altered in the TS group, with no significant change in the e-cigarette group. Compared with the NS and EC groups, the relative abundance of Actinomyces and Prevotella was increased in the TS group. However, compared with the NS and TS groups, the relative abundance of Veillonella was increased, and the relative abundance of Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus was decreased in the EC group. These results showed that both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes could alter the structure and composition of oral microbiota. The use of traditional cigarettes promotes the growth of some anaerobic bacteria, which may contribute to dental decay and bad breath over time. E-cigarettes have a different effect on the structure and composition of the oral microbial community compared to conventional cigarettes. In order to better understand the effects of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes on users' mouths, future studies will investigate the relationship between diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis and changes in oral microbial species levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- RELX Tech. Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingtao Jiang
- RELX Tech. Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Su
- Shandong Baoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- Shandong Baoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Li
- Shandong Danhe Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Shengshengxiangrong (Shandong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gambin DJ, Vitali FC, De Carli JP, Mazzon RR, Gomes BPFA, Duque TM, Trentin MS. Prevalence of red and orange microbial complexes in endodontic-periodontal lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6533-6546. [PMID: 34495401 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review assesses the prevalence of microbial complexes in endodontic-periodontal lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine databases were searched through August 2020. Experts were consulted to indicate additional studies. Studies were blindly selected by two reviewers based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Studies that evaluated the prevalence of microbial orange and red complexes among patients with endodontic-periodontal lesion were considered eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. RESULTS From 572 articles found on all databases, 11 clinical studies were finally included. The following microorganisms were investigated: P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, F. periodonticum, P. micra, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, S. constellatus, C. gracilis, C. rectus, C. showae and E. nodatum. Considering the orange complex, P. micra, E. nodatum and S. constellatus were prevalent in both root canal and periodontal pockets. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia belonging to the red complex were prevalent only in periodontal pockets. The red complex microorganisms were not found very frequently in root canal. CONCLUSIONS There is a similarity between the microbiome of root canal and periodontal pockets, with prevalence of the three microorganisms of the orange complex. Two microorganisms from the red complex were prevalent only in periodontal pockets. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of specific microorganisms in endodontic-periodontal lesion is important to understand the microbiological profile of the patients involved and to correlate it with possible clinical and repair conditions of this pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego José Gambin
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Av. Brasil Leste, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 28599052-900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Colombo Vitali
- Department of Dentistry, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Av. Delfino Conti, s/n-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo De Carli
- Department of Oral Medicine and Prosthodontics, University of Passo Fundo, Av. Brasil Leste, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 28599052-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ruiz Mazzon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Av. Delfino Conti, s/n-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. LimeiraPiracicaba, AreiãoSP, 90113414-903, Brazil
| | - Thais Mageste Duque
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Av. Delfino Conti, s/n-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Micheline Sandini Trentin
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Av. Brasil Leste, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 28599052-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Yang Z, Hou B. Diverse bacterial profile in extraradicular biofilms and periradicular lesions associated with persistent apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1425-1433. [PMID: 33711170 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the bacterial community present in the extraradicular biofilm and periradicular lesions associated with persistent apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY Eighteen adult patients who presented with persistent periradicular lesions after root canal treatment and scheduled for endodontic surgery were selected. During surgery, extraradicular samples of biofilms and periradicular lesions were collected. Ten pairs of periradicular lesions and extraradicular biofilm samples were randomly selected for ribosomal 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing. A Wilcoxon's rank-sum test was used to compare total bacterial counts and the levels of individual genera and species between the two groups (P < 0.05). RESULTS Overall, seventy-three phylotypes belonging to six different phyla were identified from 1000 sequenced clones. Mogibacterium timidum, Streptococcus intermedius and Enterococcus faecalis predominated in both extraradicular biofilm and periapical lesions. Propionibacterium propionicus, Abiotrophia adiacens, Peptostreptococcus prevotii, Campylobacter gracilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found in significantly higher levels in the extraradicular biofilm than periapical lesions, whilst Parvimonas micra and Atopobium rimae were more abundant in periapical lesions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The microbial profile of extraradicular biofilms differed from periapical lesions, indicating the presence of diverse bacterial populations in these regions. Several genera and species were significantly associated with the formation of extraradicular biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - B Hou
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ryan PM, Morrey BF. Parvimonas micra causing native hip joint septic arthritis. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2021; 34:486-488. [PMID: 34219932 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2021.1906827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvimonas micra is a bacterium normal to oral and gastrointestinal flora that has been implicated in cases of discitis, osteomyelitis, and prosthetic joint infections, often involving dental procedures or periodontal disease. It is an extremely rare cause of infection outside of these circumstances. We describe a case of septic arthritis of the native hip joint due to P. micra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Ryan
- Department of Orthopedics, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center - Temple, Temple, Texas
| | - Bernard F Morrey
- Department of Orthopedics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
High-Throughput Sequencing Analysis of Microbial Profiles in the Dry Socket. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 77:1548-1556. [PMID: 30946809 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore and describe the microbial profiles of dry socket (DS) and identify the key microbial population as a possible disease-related factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial samples were collected from patients who underwent surgical mandibular third molar extraction and were divided in 3 groups: the disease (D) group composed of patients who were diagnosed with DS; the treated (T) group composed of patients from the D group who received treatment; and the control (C) group composed of patients who did not have adverse reactions after tooth extraction. Bacterial DNA was extracted and the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were amplified and subjected to sequencing. Sequence data were analyzed using alpha and beta diversity indices. RESULTS In total, 772,169 high-quality sequences were detected from 31 samples. Using a 97% similarity level, 531 operational taxonomic units were detected. In addition, 10 phyla, 23 classes, 38 orders, 63 families, and 116 genera were found. Composition of the microbial community in the D group differed considerably from that of the T and C groups. Furthermore, a specific microbial pattern, which included Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Slackia, Oribacterium, and Solobacterium species, appeared abundantly in the D group compared with the T and C groups. Moreover, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium species had important roles in discriminating the D group from the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest differences in the microbial community composition among DSs, normal-healing sockets, and post-treated sockets. These results provide better insight into the development of DS and enhance the understanding of DS. Nonetheless, further studies are necessary to investigate and confirm how these differential bacteria contribute to the development of the disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Zou CG, Fu Y, Li Y, Zhou Q, Liu B, Zhang Z, Liu J. Oral microbial community typing of caries and pigment in primary dentition. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:558. [PMID: 27495902 PMCID: PMC4974685 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Black extrinsic discoloration in primary dentition is a common clinical and aesthetic problem that can co-occur with dental caries, the most common oral diseases in childhood. Although the role of bacteria in the formation of pigment and caries in primary dentition is important, their basic features still remain a further mystery. Methods Using targeted sequencing of the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, we obtained a dataset consisting of 831,381 sequences from 111 saliva samples and 110 supragingival plaque samples from 40 patients with pigment (black extrinsic stain), 20 with caries (obvious decay), and 25 with both pigment and caries and from 26 healthy individuals. We applied a Dirichlet multinomial mixture (DMM)-based community typing approach to investigate oral microbial community types. Results Our results revealed significant structural segregation of microbial communities, as indicated by the identification of two plaque community types (A and B) and three saliva community types (C-E). We found that the independent occurrence of the two plaque community types, A and B, was potentially associated with our oral diseases of interest. For type A, three co-occurring bacterial genus pairs could separately play a potential role in the formation of pigment (Leptotrichia and Fusobacterium), caries (unclassified Gemellales and Granulicatella), and mixed caries and pigment (Streptococcus and Mogibacterium). For type B, three co-occurring bacterial genera (unclassified Clostridiaceae, Peptostreptococcus, and Clostridium) were related to mixed pigment and caries. Three dominant bacterial genera (Selenomonas, Gemella, and Streptobacillus) were linked to the presence of caries. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that plaque-associated oral microbial communities could majorly contribute to the formation of pigment and caries in primary dentition and suggests potential clinical applications of monitoring oral microbiota as an indicator for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2891-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Department of Preventive & Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Preventive & Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Preventive & Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Preventive & Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Preventive & Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qi Z, Cao H, Jiang H, Zhao J, Tang Z. Combinations of bacterial species associated with symptomatic endodontic infections in a Chinese population. Int Endod J 2015; 49:17-25. [PMID: 25565631 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To use microarrays to detect 11 selected bacteria in infected root canals, revealing bacterial combinations that are associated with clinical symptoms and signs of primary endodontic infections in a Chinese population. METHODOLOGY DNA was extracted from 90 samples collected from the root canals of teeth with primary endodontic infections in a Chinese population, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were hybridized to microarrays containing specific oligonucleotide probes targeting 11 species, and the arrays were screened with a confocal laser scanner. Pearson's chi-squared test and cluster analysis were performed to investigate the associations between the bacterial combinations and clinical symptoms and signs using SAS 8.02. RESULTS Seventy-seven samples (86%) yielded at least one of the 11 target species. Parvimonas micra (56%), Porphyromonas endodontalis (51%), Tannerella forsythia (48%), Prevotella intermedia (44%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (37%) were the most prevalent taxa and were often concomitant. The following positive associations were found between the bacterial combinations and clinical features: P. endodontalis and T. forsythia with abscess; P. gingivalis and P. micra with sinus tract; P. gingivalis and P. endodontalis or P. micra and P. endodontalis with abscess and sinus tract; and the combination of P. endodontalis, P. micra, T. forsythia and P. gingivalis with sinus tract (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Various combinations of P. micra, P. endodontalis, T. forsythia and P. gingivalis may contribute to abscesses or sinus tracts of endodontic origin with bacterial synergism in a Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Qi
- Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - H Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - H Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Tang
- Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Identification of clinically important anaerobic bacteria by an oligonucleotide array. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:1283-90. [PMID: 20129959 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01620-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria can cause a wide variety of infections, and some of these infections can be serious. Conventional identification methods based on biochemical tests are often lengthy and can produce inconclusive results. An oligonucleotide array based on the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (ITS) sequences was developed to identify 28 species of anaerobic bacteria and Veillonella. The method consisted of PCR amplification of the ITS regions with universal primers, followed by hybridization of the digoxigenin-labeled PCR products to a panel of 35 oligonucleotide probes (17- to 30-mers) immobilized on a nylon membrane. The performance of the array was determined by testing 310 target strains (strains which we aimed to identify), including 122 reference strains and 188 clinical isolates. In addition, 98 nontarget strains were used for specificity testing. The sensitivity and the specificity of the array for the identification of pure cultures were 99.7 and 97.1%, respectively. The array was further assessed for its ability to detect anaerobic bacteria in 49 clinical specimens. Two species (Finegoldia magna and Bacteroides vulgatus) were detected in two specimens by the array, and the results were in accordance with those obtained by culture. The whole procedure of array hybridization took about 8 h, starting with the isolated colonies. The array can be used as an accurate alternative to conventional methods for the identification of clinically important anaerobes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Although fungi, archaea, and viruses contribute to the microbial diversity in endodontic infections, bacteria are the most common micro-organisms occurring in these infections. Datasets from culture and molecular studies, integrated here for the first time, showed that over 460 unique bacterial taxa belonging to 100 genera and 9 phyla have been identified in different types of endodontic infections. The phyla with the highest species richness were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Diversity varies significantly according to the type of infection. Overall, more taxa have been disclosed by molecular studies than by culture. Many cultivable and as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes have emerged as candidate pathogens based on detection in several studies and/or high prevalence. Now that a comprehensive inventory of the endodontic microbial taxa has been established, future research should focus on the association with different disease conditions, functional roles in the community, and susceptibility to antimicrobial treatment procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Av. Alfredo Baltazar da Silveira, 580/cobertura, Recreio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Athanassiadis B, Abbott PV, George N, Walsh LJ. Anin vitrostudy of the antimicrobial activity of some endodontic medicaments and their bases using an agar well diffusion assay. Aust Dent J 2009; 54:141-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
The acute dental abscess is frequently underestimated in terms of its morbidity and mortality. The risk of potential serious consequences arising from the spread of a dental abscess is still relevant today with many hospital admissions for dental sepsis. The acute dental abscess is usually polymicrobial comprising facultative anaerobes, such as viridans group streptococci and the Streptococcus anginosus group, with predominantly strict anaerobes, such as anaerobic cocci, Prevotella and Fusobacterium species. The use of non-culture techniques has expanded our insight into the microbial diversity of the causative agents, identifying such organisms as Treponema species and anaerobic Gram-positive rods such as Bulleidia extructa, Cryptobacterium curtum and Mogibacterium timidum. Despite some reports of increasing antimicrobial resistance in isolates from acute dental infection, the vast majority of localized dental abscesses respond to surgical treatment, with antimicrobials limited to spreading and severe infections. The microbiology and treatment of the acute localized abscess and severe spreading odontogenic infections are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Robertson
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Glasgow, Medical Faculty, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK
| | - A. J. Smith
- Infection and Immunity Section, University of Glasgow, Medical Faculty, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chu FCS, Tsang CSP, Chow TW, Samaranayake LP. Identification of Cultivable Microorganisms from Primary Endodontic Infections with Exposed and Unexposed Pulp Space. J Endod 2005; 31:424-9. [PMID: 15917680 DOI: 10.1097/01.don.0000148149.27636.9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at comparing the cultivable microorganisms in canals with periapical radiolucencies with exposed and unexposed pulp space. Microbiological samples were taken and analyzed from 45 canals with exposed pulp space, and 43 canals with unexposed pulp space. The canal contents were analyzed by aerobic/anaerobic culture, and conventional identification techniques. There were 211 isolates of bacteria belonging to 28 genera and 55 species recovered from exposed canals. In the unexposed group, 185 isolates of bacteria were recovered, of which 54 species of 28 genera were identified. Among the four most common genera, Prevotella was significantly more common in the exposed group (51/211 in the exposed group versus 30/185 in the unexposed group) (p = 0.049), while there were no differences in prevalence of Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus, and Campylobacter between two groups of canals. In addition, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Propionibacterium acne were significantly more common in the unexposed canals (p = 0.047 and p = 0.0051, respectively). Similarity in bacterial species in these two groups suggests that pulp space exposure may not be a significant factor in determining the type of bacteria present in infected canals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick C S Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Song Y. PCR-based diagnostics for anaerobic infections. Anaerobe 2005; 11:79-91. [PMID: 16701536 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods to identify anaerobic bacteria have often relied on unique clinical findings, isolation of organisms, and laboratory identification by morphology and biochemical tests (phenotypic tests). Although these methods are still fundamental, there is an increasing move toward molecular diagnostics of anaerobes. In this review, some of the molecular approaches to anaerobic diagnostics based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are discussed. This includes several technological advances in PCR-based methods for the detection, identification, and quantitation of anaerobes including real-time PCR which has been successfully used to provide rapid, quantitative data on anaerobic species on clinical samples. Since its introduction in the mid-1980s, PCR has provided many molecular diagnostic tools, some of which are discussed within this review. With the advances in micro-array technology and real-time PCR methods, the future is bright for the development of accurate, quantitative diagnostic tools that can provide information not only on individual anaerobic species but also on whole communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Song
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, West Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bartz H, Nonnenmacher CB, Bollmann C, Kuhl M, Zimmermann S, Heeg K, Mutters R. Micromonas (Peptostreptococcus) micros: unusual case of prosthetic joint infection associated with dental procedures. Int J Med Microbiol 2005; 294:465-70. [PMID: 15715175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Micromonas (Peptostreptococcus) micros is frequently associated with periodontal disease as well as respiratory, gastrointestinal and female genitourinary tract infections, but only rarely has been reported as a pathogenic agent of prosthetic joint infections. Here we describe a case of a 63-year-old woman with prosthetic joint infection of total hip arthroplasty caused by the anaerobic species Micromonas micros, associated with tooth extraction. Samples obtained intraoperatively and from the oral cavity were positive for the presence of M. micros by culture and by real-time PCR. This case report indicates that infections of prosthetic joints can be associated with dental procedures and that sensitive molecular techniques are necessary for their routine diagnostic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Bartz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Pilgrimstein 2, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Abstract
There have been major recent reorganizations among bacterial taxa as a result of phylogenetic taxonomic approaches. As a consequence, old species have been renamed and novel species have been proposed. The introduction of molecular technology for microbial identification has also allowed the detection of microbial taxa never previously found in endodontic infections. Therefore, the list of putative endodontic pathogens is frequently changing and expanding. The purpose of this review is twofold: to cover the taxonomic changes that the major putative endodontic pathogens have undergone in the recent years and to compile data from studies regarding the detection of known or novel bacterial species that had been only recently reported to occur in endodontic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|