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Wu Y, Li Y, Jin XM, Dai GH, Chen X, Tong YL, Ren ZM, Chen Y, Xue XM, Wu RZ. Effects of Granule Dendrobii on chronic atrophic gastritis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4668-4680. [PMID: 36157922 PMCID: PMC9476874 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i32.4668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendrobium officinale is an herb of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) commonly used for treating stomach diseases. One formula of Granule Dendrobii (GD) consists of Dendrobium officinale and American Ginseng (Radix Panacis quinquefolii), and is a potent TCM product in China. Whether treatment with GD can promote gastric acid secretion and alleviate gastric gland atrophy in chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) requires verification.
AIM To determine the effect of GD treatment on CAG and its potential cellular mechanism.
METHODS A CAG model was induced by feeding rats N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) for 12 wk. After oral administration of low, moderate, and high doses of GD in CAG rats for 8 wk, its effects on body weight, gastric mucosa histology, mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and B-cell lymphoma-2, and hemoglobin and red blood cells were examined.
RESULTS The body weights of MNNG-induced CAG model rats before treatment (143.5 ± 14.26 g) were significantly lower than that of healthy rats (220.2 ± 31.20 g, P < 0.01). At the 8th week of treatment, the body weights of rats in the low-, moderate-, and high-dose groups of GD (220.1 ± 36.62 g) were significantly higher than those in the untreated group (173.3 ± 28.09 g, all P < 0.01). The level of inflammation in gastric tissue of the high-dose group (1.68 ± 0.54) was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) compared with that of the untreated group (3.00 ± 0.00, P < 0.05). The number and thickness of gastric glands in the high-dose group (31.50 ± 6.07/mm, 306.4 ± 49.32 µm) were significantly higher than those in the untreated group (26.86 ± 6.41/mm, 244.3 ± 51.82 µm, respectively, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), indicating improved atrophy of gastric mucosa. The areas of intestinal metaplasia were significantly lower in the high-dose group (1.74% ± 1.13%), medium-dose group (1.81% ± 0.66%) and low-dose group (2.36% ± 1.08%) than in the untreated group (3.91% ± 0.96%, all P < 0.01). The expression of PCNA in high-dose group was significantly reduced compared with that in untreated group (P < 0.01). Hemoglobin level in the high-dose group (145.3 ± 5.90 g/L), medium-dose group (139.3 ± 5.71 g/L) and low-dose group (137.5 ± 7.56 g/L) was markedly increased compared with the untreated group (132.1 ± 7.76 g/L; P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Treatment with GD for 8 wk demonstrate that GD is effective in the treatment of CAG in the MNNG model by improving the histopathology of gastric mucosa, reversing gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, and alleviating gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Jin
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Guan-Hai Dai
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ye-Ling Tong
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ze-Ming Ren
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Experimental Animals, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Min Xue
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ren-Zhao Wu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
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Duan X, Lian H, Li J, Wu B, Wang W, Wu T, Wang C, Dou Y, Zhou Z, Wang B, Xue L, Wang G. Expression of GCRG213p, LINE-1 endonuclease variant, significantly different in gastric complete and incomplete intestinal metaplasia. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:61. [PMID: 31221180 PMCID: PMC6587291 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the gastric mucosa is classified as complete (Type I) and incomplete IM (Type II and III) subtypes, which showed significantly different risk for developing to gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). GCRG213, a variant of L1-endonuclease (L1-EN), first identified in our lab, was upregulated in GAC tissue. However, the relationship between GCRG213 and IM subtypes is not clear. Our study explored the association of GCRG213 protein (GCRG213p) with IM subtypes. Methods Gastric cancer and/or para-tumor tissue samples were collected from 123 patients who underwent gastrectomy for intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma. The subtypes of IM were characterized with Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff and High Iron Diamine-Alcian blue staining methods. Immunohistochemistry of GCRG213p was performed, and its expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and para-tumor tissue including dysplasia, IM, and normal mucosa were analyzed. Results GCRG213p was expressed in 48.94% IM, 57.14% dysplasia and 55.32% GAC, respectively. GCRG213p expression was higher in well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (P = 0.037). In IM glands, GCRG213p expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of absorptive enterocytes with defined brush borders, but not in goblet cells. The expression of GCRG213p in type I IM (90.00%) was significantly higher than that in type II (36.36%) and type III (25.00%) (P < 0.001). In normal gastric mucosa, GCRG213p was exclusively positive in the cytoplasm of gastric chief cells. Conclusions The expression of GCRG213p in complete IM was significantly higher than in incomplete IM, which implies that GCRG213p may play a role on the developing of IM to adenocarcinoma. GCRG213p was exclusively expressed in chief cells, suggesting that it might be involved in cell differentiation from the chief cells to IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hongwei Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Benyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Changzheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Dou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhongren Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bingzhi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Resident Training Base, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology and Resident Training Base, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Gangshi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Shimizu T, Choi E, Petersen CP, Noto JM, Romero-Gallo J, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Peek RM, Goldenring JR. Characterization of progressive metaplasia in the gastric corpus mucosa of Mongolian gerbils infected with Helicobacter pylori. J Pathol 2016; 239:399-410. [PMID: 27125972 PMCID: PMC4958595 DOI: 10.1002/path.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) and intestinal metaplasia are considered neoplastic precursors of gastric adenocarcinoma in humans. Loss of parietal cells causes the development of SPEM in the gastric corpus and then chronic inflammation drives SPEM toward a more proliferative lineage. Mongolian gerbils infected with Helicobacter pylori develop chronic gastritis and metaplasia, mimicking aspects of human gastritis with H. pylori infection. We therefore examined metaplastic lineages in the gastric corpus mucosa of gerbils infected by H. pylori strain 7.13, which produces rapid onset of severe inflammation. Six weeks following H. pylori infection, Griffonia simplicifolia lectin II (GSII)-positive SPEM developed in the base of oxyntic glands in association with parietal cell loss and inflammation. In association with severe inflammation, SPEM glands evolved into aberrant phenotypes, including branched lesions, dilated lesions, and penetrating invasive glands. Mucin 4 (MUC4) was up-regulated in SPEM and progressive SPEM. Clusterin was expressed in the tips of branched and dilated lesions and throughout regions of invasive glands. Intriguingly, clusterin-positive regions in these lesions expressed Ki67 and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7). These same regions were also positive for expression of phospho-IkBα, suggestive of activated NFkB signalling. These findings suggest that clusterin-positive regions in progressive phenotypes of SPEM have invasive characteristics. Thus, H. pylori infection in gerbils induces SPEM, which then can progress to further aberrant and invasive metaplastic phenotypes. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimizu
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine P. Petersen
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer M. Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Maria B. Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Lim JH, Kim N, Lee HS, Choe G, Jo SY, Chon I, Choi C, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Lee DH, Jung HC. Correlation between Endoscopic and Histological Diagnoses of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia. Gut Liver 2013; 7:41-50. [PMID: 23423616 PMCID: PMC3572319 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a premalignant condition. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between endoscopic and histological findings of IM. METHODS The cases of IM were graded by conventional endoscopy, and biopsies were taken from the antrum and body of 1,333 subjects for histological IM diagnosis. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors that affect the sensitivity of endoscopic IM diagnosis. RESULTS The sensitivity/specificity of endoscopic IM diagnosis based on histology was 24.0%/91.9% for the antrum and 24.2%/88.0% for the body. As indicated by multivariate analysis, the presence of endoscopic atrophic gastritis (AG) (odds ratio [OR], 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.07 to 10.79) and the activity of mucosal inflammation (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.08 to 4.54) were associated with the sensitivity of endoscopic IM diagnosis in the antrum, while the presence of endoscopic AG (OR, 8.02; 95% CI, 4.55 to 14.15), dysplasia (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.07 to 5.39), and benign gastric ulcers (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.081) were associated with the sensitivity of endoscopic IM diagnosis in the body. CONCLUSIONS As the sensitivity of endoscopic IM diagnosis was low, a high index of suspicion for IM is necessary in the presence of atrophy, and confirmation by histology is also necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - So Young Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ilyoung Chon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chiun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Chae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Pachman DR, Morrison TB, Szostek JH. 84-year-old man with respiratory distress and abdominal distention. Mayo Clin Proc 2011; 86:e10-3. [PMID: 21282479 PMCID: PMC3031441 DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre R. Pachman
- Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Thomas B. Morrison
- Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jason H. Szostek
- Adviser to residents and Consultant in General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Address correspondence to Jason H. Szostek, MD, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 ()
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Goldenring JR, Nam KT, Wang TC, Mills JC, Wright NA. Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia: time for reevaluation of metaplasias and the origins of gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:2207-10, 2210.e1. [PMID: 20450866 PMCID: PMC3769643 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Goldenring
- Nashville VA Medical Center and the Epithelial Biology Center and Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee,To Whom Correspondence Should Be Addressed: James R. Goldenring, M.D. Ph.D, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Epithelial Biology Center, 10435G MRBIV, 2213 Garland Ave., Nashville, TN 37232-2733, USA, TEL: (615) 936-3726, FAX: (615) 343-1591,
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Nashville VA Medical Center and the Epithelial Biology Center and Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Irving Cancer Research Center and Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jason C. Mills
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicholas A. Wright
- Barts and The London Medical School, Histopathology Unit, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK
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7
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Jang JS, Choi SR, Han SY, Roh MH, Lee JH, Lee SW, Jeung JS, Kim MC, Son YK, Baek YH. [Predictive significance of serum IL-6, VEGF, and CRP in gastric adenoma and mucosal carcinoma before endoscopic submucosal dissection]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2009; 54:99-107. [PMID: 19696537 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2009.54.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is commonly used for radical resection of gastric adenoma and mucosal cancer, but there is about 30% of discrepancy rate between the histology of the endoscopic biopsy and that of the resected specimen obtained from the same lesion by ESD. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of IL-6, VEGF, CRP before ESD. METHODS We investigated the correlation between serum IL-6, VEGF, CRP level and discrepancy rate of gastric neoplastic lesions (10 low-grade dysplasias, 18 high-grade dysplasias, and 25 early gastic cancers). RESULTS Serum levels of IL-6 in gastric adenoma and mucosal cancer patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls (p<0.05). Especially, serum IL-6 level of high-grade dysplasia patient was significantly higher than low-grade dysplasia and mucosal cancer patients, and the positive rate, sensitivity, and negative predictive value of serum IL-6 levels were higher in high-grade dysplasia patient compared to low-grade dysplasia patient and mucosal cancer patient. Serum levels of VEGF in patients with gastric adenoma and mucosal cancer were significantly higher than healthy controls (p<0.01). Serum levels of CRP in patients with mucosal cancer were significantly higher than in the controls (p<0.05), and the positive rate, sensitivity, and positive predictive value of serum CRP levels were higher in high-grade dysplasia and mucosal cancer patients compared to low-grade dysplasia patient. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of IL-6, VEGF, and CRP in patients with gastric neoplastic lesions were significantly higher than healthy controls, especially, serum IL-6 level of high grade dysplasia patient was significantly higher than low-grade dysplasia and mucosal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok Jang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Tang X, Liu G, Wang P, Wu T. Chinese herbal medicine alone or combined with vitamins for gastric precancerous lesions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Tang
- XiYuan Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of TCM; Gastrointestinal Department; XiYuan Beijing HaiDian China 100091
| | - Geng Liu
- Guang AnMen Hospital; Gastroenterology Department; BeiXianGe Beijing XuanWu China 100053
| | - Ping Wang
- Guang AnMen Hospital; Gastroenterology Department; BeiXianGe Beijing XuanWu China 100053
| | - Taixiang Wu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chinese Cochrane Centre, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, INCLEN Resource and Training Centre; No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of digestive tract disorders, such as chronic active gastritis, peptic ulceration, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Disease outcome is dependent on many factors, including bacterial genotype, host physiology and genetics, and environmental factors such as diet. Researchers continue to explore the complexities of H. pylori infection, seeking to explain why some individuals have asymptomatic infection, whereas others experience clinical disease. The importance of treating H. pylori infection in patients with gastrointestinal problems has been confirmed in recent years, with clinical trials showing that cure of infection can prevent duodenal ulcer and, to a lesser extent, gastric ulcer recurrence; cure early stage mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma; and reduce the chances of developing gastric cancer in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diklar Makola
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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10
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Abstract
The association between chronic inflammation and cancer is now well established. This association has recently received renewed interest with the recognition that microbial pathogens can be responsible for the chronic inflammation observed in many cancers, particularly those originating in the gastrointestinal system. A prime example is Helicobacter pylori, which infects 50% of the world's population and is now known to be responsible for inducing chronic gastric inflammation that progresses to atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and gastric cancer. This Review provides an overview of recent progress in elucidating the bacterial properties responsible for colonization of the stomach, persistence in the stomach, and triggering of inflammation, as well as the host factors that have a role in determining whether gastritis progresses to gastric cancer. We also discuss how the increased understanding of the relationship between inflammation and gastric cancer still leaves many questions unanswered regarding recommendations for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Stenström B, Løseth K, Bevanger L, Sturegård E, Wadström T, Chen D. Gastric bypass surgery does not increase susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach of rat or mouse. Inflammopharmacology 2005; 13:229-34. [PMID: 16259742 DOI: 10.1163/156856005774423791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric bypass is a clinical option for obesity surgery. An increased susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection in the bypassed stomach has been speculated. The aim of the present study was to examine the susceptibility of the bypassed stomach to H. pylori infection in rats and mice. Adult Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats and NMRI mice were subjected to either gastric bypass or laparotomy only as control. The animals were inoculated with the CagA- and VacA- positive H. pylori strain 67/21 (not mouse-adapted) in the first experiment and with 9 additional isolates in the second, by injection into the bypassed stomach or the control stomach during surgery. The stomach of each animal was collected for H. pylori culture 2-3 weeks later. While all the rats were H. pylori negative, 54% of gastric bypassed mice and 75% of controls were positive (P = 0.4). We conclude that susceptibility to H. pylori infection in the stomach is not increased by gastric bypass surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Stenström
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Trondheim, Olav Kyrres gate 17, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major worldwide problem in developing and developed countries. It contributes substantially to the economic medical resource burden and population mortality in many countries. The absolute numbers of new cases of death are expected to increase significantly over the next decades because of the enlarging and aging of the world population. The putative factors are better understood today, and control of these factors, together with screening can help prevent this cancer from becoming an increasing burden to society.
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13
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New tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducing protein released from Helicobacter pylori for gastric cancer progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2004. [PMID: 15616827 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and its inflammatory reaction in gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer, a new tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-inducing protein of H. pylori was studied. METHODS The HP0596 gene of H. pylori was identified as the TNF-alpha-inducing protein (Tipalpha) gene from genome sequence of H. pylori strain 26695. Using recombinant Tipalpha (rTipalpha) and deleted Tipalpha (rdel-Tipalpha) proteins, the latter of which lacks six amino acids containing two cysteines in the N-terminal domain, we examined their activities in TNF-alpha gene expression and NF-kappaB activation in both Bhas 42 (v-H-ras transfected BALB/3T3) cells and mouse gastric epithelial cell line MGT-40, and in vitro transformation of Bhas 42 cells. RESULTS Tipalpha protein as a homodimer form (38 kDa) was found in both extracts and culture medium of various H. pylori strains. rTipalpha significantly induced TNF-alpha gene expression and NF-kappaB activation in both Bhas 42 cells and MGT-40, and induced in vitro transformation of Bhas 42 cells. However, rdel-Tipalpha did not. Treatment with MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, inhibited translocation of NF-kappaB p65, and abrogated TNF-alpha induction induced by Tipalpha protein. CONCLUSION Tipalpha is a new carcinogenic factor released from H. pylori mediated through NF-kappaB activation.
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Suganuma M, Kurusu M, Suzuki K, Nishizono A, Murakami K, Fujioka T, Fujiki H. New tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducing protein released from Helicobacter pylori for gastric cancer progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2004; 131:305-13. [PMID: 15616827 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-004-0652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and its inflammatory reaction in gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer, a new tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-inducing protein of H. pylori was studied. METHODS The HP0596 gene of H. pylori was identified as the TNF-alpha-inducing protein (Tipalpha) gene from genome sequence of H. pylori strain 26695. Using recombinant Tipalpha (rTipalpha) and deleted Tipalpha (rdel-Tipalpha) proteins, the latter of which lacks six amino acids containing two cysteines in the N-terminal domain, we examined their activities in TNF-alpha gene expression and NF-kappaB activation in both Bhas 42 (v-H-ras transfected BALB/3T3) cells and mouse gastric epithelial cell line MGT-40, and in vitro transformation of Bhas 42 cells. RESULTS Tipalpha protein as a homodimer form (38 kDa) was found in both extracts and culture medium of various H. pylori strains. rTipalpha significantly induced TNF-alpha gene expression and NF-kappaB activation in both Bhas 42 cells and MGT-40, and induced in vitro transformation of Bhas 42 cells. However, rdel-Tipalpha did not. Treatment with MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, inhibited translocation of NF-kappaB p65, and abrogated TNF-alpha induction induced by Tipalpha protein. CONCLUSION Tipalpha is a new carcinogenic factor released from H. pylori mediated through NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Suganuma
- Saitama Cancer Center, Ina Kitaadachi-gun, 362-0806 Saitama, Japan.
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15
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Ang KL, Shi DL, Keong WW, Epstein RJ. Upregulated Akt signaling adjacent to gastric cancers: implications for screening and chemoprevention. Cancer Lett 2004; 225:53-9. [PMID: 15922857 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Revised: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/11/2004] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most gastric adenocarcinomas arise as a longterm complication of Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach, but the high prevalence of this infection limits the cost-effectiveness of antibiotic eradication as a cancer prevention strategy. Here we have used phosphorylation-specific antibodies against the Akt kinase consensus sequence to detect downstream substrates of this oncogenic signaling pathway in normal and malignant gastric tissues. In vitro studies confirm that phosphorylation of Akt and its substrates is inducible by epithelial mitogens such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), which is implicated in the pathogenesis of H. pylori gastritis. Control clinical studies confirm far stronger Akt substrate phosphorylation in primary human breast cancers than in matched adjacent normal breast tissues; unexpectedly, however, increased Akt signaling is apparent in both primary stomach cancers and adjacent normal gastric tissues. These findings raise the possibility of a preneoplastic field defect induced in morphologically normal tissues, and suggest that immunoassays of mucosal Akt activity could guide preventive surveillance and/or intervention in patients at risk of gastric cancer. Moreover, since recent reports confirm Akt inhibition by COX-2 inhibitors, these data support the chemopreventive efficacy of such drugs for at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Long Ang
- Laboratory of Tumor Phosphoproteomics, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
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16
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Ilhan N, Ilhan N, Ilhan Y, Akbulut H, Kucuksu M. C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor and oxidative metabolites in diagnosis of infection and staging in patients with gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:1115-20. [PMID: 15069709 PMCID: PMC4656344 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i8.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The current study was to determine the serum/plasma levels of VEGF, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), PCT and CRP in gastric carcinoma and correlation with the stages of the disease and accompanying infection.
METHODS: We examined the levels of serum VEGF, IL-6, PCT, CRP and plasma MDA, NO in 42 preoperative gastric cancer patients and 23 healthy subjects. There were infection anamneses that had no definite origin in 19 cancer patients.
RESULTS: The VEGF levels (mean ± SD; pg/mL) were 478.05 ± 178.29 and 473.85 ± 131.24 in gastric cancer patients with and without infection, respectively, and these values were not significantly different (P>0.05). The levels of VEGF, CRP, PCT, IL-6, MDA and NO in cancer patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls and the levels of CRP, PCT, IL-6, MDA and NO were statistically increased in infection group when compared with non-infection group (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Although serum VEGF concentrations were increased in gastric cancer, this increase might not be related to infection. CRP, PCT, IL-6, MDA and NO have obvious drawbacks in the diagnosis of infections in cancer patients. These markers may not help to identify infections in the primary evaluation of cancer patients and hence to avoid unnecessary antibiotic treatments as well as hospitalization. According to the results of this study, IL-6, MDA, NO and especially VEGF can be used as useful parameters to diagnose and grade gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Ilhan
- Flrat Universitesi, Flrat Tlp Merkezi, Biyokimya ve Klinik Biyokimya AD, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Jon Spechler
- Dallas Department ofVeterans Affairs Medical Center, and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75216, USA.
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18
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Mégraud F, Lehours P. Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer prevention is possible. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 28:392-8. [PMID: 15582262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdp.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2004] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data gathered during the past few years have shown an association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma. This association is considered to be causal because of its biological plausibility and the existence of an animal model, even though the positive consequences of eradication on cancer prevention have not yet been definitely proven. The limited proportion of H. pylori infected subjects who develop a gastric cancer can be explained by host factors (certain alleles of IL-1beta) and bacterial factors (cag positive strains), and to a lesser extent by environmental factors (diet). Arguments in favor of the prevention of gastric carcinoma by eradicating H. pylori are now stronger than before, given the availability of simple and accurate diagnostic tests (serology) and treatment follow-up (urea breath test), as well as a 7-day treatment which is usually sufficient for eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Mégraud
- Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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Li H, Stoicov C, Cai X, Wang TC, Houghton J. Helicobacter and gastric cancer disease mechanisms: host response and disease susceptibility. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2003; 5:459-67. [PMID: 14602053 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-003-0034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter infection is the single most common cause of gastric cancer worldwide. Although infection prevention and eradication of established infection offer the potential for cure, these strategies are neither feasible nor practical for widespread implementation. Patients most at risk need to be identified and targeted for treatment. For disease to occur, bacterial, environmental, and nutritional factors require a genetically susceptible host. Consequently, it is important to understand how the organism interacts with the host to cause disease. Only through an understanding of what places a patient at risk can we hope to identify susceptible patients early enough in disease to have an impact on their outcome. The immune response is the single most important determinant of disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter region of several critical proinflammatory genes dramatically increase the risk of Helicobacter-associated gastric cancer. Additionally, environmental and dietary factors may modulate the immune response or directly influence key apoptotic and proliferative signaling cascades to alter disease presentation. Lastly, concurrent disease states may have a dramatic impact on the host response to Helicobacter infection and influence disease. An understanding of the immune signaling pathways responsible for disease and the ways in which environmental risk factors influence these pathways will allow identification of populations that are most at risk and targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB Second Floor, Room 209, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester MA 01605, USA.
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