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Loong D, Barnsley J, Aubry T, Dewa CS. Individual factors associated with recidivism among mental health court program clients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2021; 74:101651. [PMID: 33246232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that diversion to a mental health court program (MHC) can reduce recidivism rates and improve the quality of life of clients. However, there is less known about MHC client characteristics and factors associated with recidivism. Yet, this information would be useful to increase the effectiveness of these programs. Cross-sectional quantitative data were collected on MHC clients in three consecutive years. Of the 155 program clients that were successfully interviewed, only 154 were included in the analysis due to one non-consent to collect further data from their case manager. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine "What individual factors are associated with recidivism among MHC program clients?" This analysis specifically explored the association of sex, age, low functional ability, homelessness, court site, and criminal history. From the multiple logistic regression results, the increased risk of recidivism was found to be significantly associated with younger clients and a prior criminal history. The results of this study suggest programs tailored to young adults and repeat offenders may be areas that MHCs could potentially focus on to increase their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Loong
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada.
| | - Jan Barnsley
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M6, Canada.
| | - Tim Aubry
- Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services and School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques-Lussier Private #5002, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Carolyn S Dewa
- University of California, Davis, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2450 48(th) Street, Room 1355, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
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Finlay AK, Owens MD, Taylor E, Nash A, Capdarest-Arest N, Rosenthal J, Blue-Howells J, Clark S, Timko C. A scoping review of military veterans involved in the criminal justice system and their health and healthcare. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2019; 7:6. [PMID: 30963311 PMCID: PMC6718001 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-019-0086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the criminal justice system, special populations, such as older adults or patients with infectious diseases, have been identified as particularly vulnerable to poor health outcomes. Military veterans involved in the criminal justice system are also a vulnerable population warranting attention because of their unique healthcare needs. This review aims to provide an overview of existing literature on justice-involved veterans' health and healthcare to identify research gaps and inform policy and practice. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to identify research articles related to justice-involved veterans' health and healthcare that were published prior to December 2017. Study characteristics including healthcare category, study design, sample size, and funding source were extracted and summarized with the aim of providing an overview of extant literature. RESULTS The search strategy initially identified 1830 unique abstracts with 1387 abstracts then excluded. Full-text review of 443 articles was conducted with 252 excluded. There were 191 articles included, most related to veterans' mental health (130/191, 68%) or homelessness (24/191, 13%). Most studies used an observational design (173/191, 91%). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge gaps identified from the review provide guidance on future areas of research. Studies on different sociodemographic groups, medical conditions, and the management of multiple conditions and psychosocial challenges are needed. Developing and testing interventions, especially randomized trials, to address justice-involved veterans care needs will help to improve their health and healthcare. Finally, an integrated conceptual framework that draws from diverse disciplines, such as criminology, health services, psychology, and implementation science is needed to inform research, policy and practice focused on justice-involved veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K. Finlay
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Mandy D. Owens
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108 USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, Room H-680, Box 357660, Seattle, WA 98195-7660 USA
| | - Emmeline Taylor
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Amia Nash
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Nicole Capdarest-Arest
- Blaisdell Medical Library, University of California, Davis, 4610 X St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Veterans Justice Programs, Department of Veterans Affairs, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Jessica Blue-Howells
- Veterans Justice Programs, Department of Veterans Affairs, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA
| | - Sean Clark
- Veterans Justice Programs, Department of Veterans Affairs, 2250 Leestown Road, Lexington, KY 40511 USA
| | - Christine Timko
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5717 USA
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Crane CA, Schlauch RC, Easton CJ. Dual diagnosis among veterans in the United States. ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1108/add-09-2014-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– Over the course of their service, veterans are exposed to elevated levels of chronic stress that contribute to a greater prevalence of mental illness than observed in the general population. When mental illness is present, comorbidity is normative. Convergent evidence suggests that co-occurring substance use and mental illness is among the most prevalent forms of comorbidity within veteran samples. The purpose of this paper is to explore issues associated with dual diagnoses among veterans in the USA.
Design/methodology/approach
– Research on dual diagnoses among veterans was reviewed and consolidated for presentation into three substantive content areas consisting of prevalence, associated conditions, and treatment of dual diagnoses.
Findings
– Dually diagnosed veterans represent a group at particularly high risk for myriad adverse biopsychosocial and treatment outcomes, including poor health, suicidality, violence or aggressive behavior, arrest, homelessness, and unemployment. A comprehensive strategy has been implemented within the Veterans Health Administration to address dual diagnosis and related problems. Additional research is required to more readily identify co-occurring substance use and mental illness and to refine integrated intervention approaches to minimize burden while improving treatment outcomes for veterans and their families.
Originality/value
– The current review includes a wide range of research spanning more than two decades and describing dual diagnosis among combat veterans of all modern eras. Areas in need of further research (e.g. dual diagnosis among female veterans; early detection of psychopathology and fully integrated care among returning veterans) are identified and discussed.
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Wenzel SL, Koegel P, Gelberg L. Antecedents of physical and sexual victimization among homeless women: a comparison to homeless men. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2000; 28:367-390. [PMID: 10945122 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005157405618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Homeless women experience extensive health risks including physical and sexual victimization. Few studies that have gathered information on homeless persons have reported results separately for women or have compared them directly with men. Research that both investigates antecedents of victimization among homeless women and compares them to those for men is necessary to determine whether prevention efforts must be different for each group. We investigated potential antecedents of recent (past 30 days) physical and sexual victimization in a probability sample of 394 homeless women and compared findings to those for 1159 homeless men. As hypothesized, mental disorder, substance dependence, and engaging in economic survival strategies significantly predicted victimization among homeless women. With few dissimilarities, these characteristics also predicted victimization among homeless men. Although differences in the needs and experiences of homeless women and men must be recognized, both women and men require assistance to establish and maintain safe residences, treatment of any substance use and mental disorder, and alternatives to economic survival strategies that place them at risk for victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Wenzel
- RAND, Santa Monica, California 90407-2138, USA.
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