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Chen Y, Li Y, Sun J, Han D, Feng S, Zhang X. The Effect of Maternal Voice on Venipuncture Induced Pain in Neonates: A Randomized Study. Pain Manag Nurs 2021; 22:668-673. [PMID: 33674242 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venipuncture is a common procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and causes significant pain for neonates. AIM To evaluate the effect of maternal voice on pain caused by venipuncture (including peripheral venipuncture and femoral venipuncture) in neonates hospitalized in the NICU. DESIGN Experimental, randomized controlled study. SETTING The study was conducted in the NICU of two hospitals in China from November 2017 to January 2019. METHODS One hundred and sixteen neonates were randomly assigned to the maternal voice or routine care groups. The maternal voice group received recorded maternal voice intervention before, during, and after venipuncture. Three phases of procedures were videotaped. Neonatal Infant Acute Pain Assessment Scale (NIAPAS) was assessed by the same evaluator at different phases. RESULTS The study showed that NIAPAS scores, behavioral indicator scores, and physiological indicator scores in the maternal voice group were significantly lower compared with those in the routine care group. CONCLUSION Recorded maternal voice can improve pain caused by venipuncture in neonates. These are simple, rapid, and cost-effective methods that nurses can implement during venipuncture in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongren Han
- Department of Neonate, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuju Feng
- Department of Neonate, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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The clinical, operational, and financial worlds of neonatal palliative care: A focused ethnography. Palliat Support Care 2013; 13:179-86. [PMID: 24168724 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951513000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to multiple issues, integrated interdisciplinary palliative care teams in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may be difficult to access, sometimes fail to be implemented, or provide inconsistent or poorly coordinated care. When implementing an effective institution-specific neonatal palliative care program, it is critical to include stakeholders from the clinical, operational, and financial worlds of healthcare. In this study, researchers sought to gain a multidisciplinary perspective into issues that may impact the implementation of a formal neonatal palliative care program at a tertiary regional academic medical center. METHOD In this focused ethnography, the primary researcher conducted semistructured interviews that explored the perspectives of healthcare administrators, finance officers, and clinicians about neonatal palliative care. The perspectives of 39 study participants informed the identification of institutional, financial, and clinical issues that impact the implementation of neonatal palliative care services at the medical center and the planning process for a formal palliative care program on behalf of neonates and their families. RESULTS Healthcare professionals described experiences that influenced their views on neonatal palliative care. Key themes included: (a) uniqueness of neonatal palliative care, (b) communication and conflict among providers, (c) policy and protocol discrepancies, and (d) lack of administrative support. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS The present study highlighted several areas that are challenging in the provision of neonatal palliative care. Our findings underscored the importance of recognizing and procuring resources needed simultaneously from the clinical, operational, and financial worlds in order to implement and sustain a successful neonatal palliative care program.
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Kostandy R, Anderson GC, Good M. Skin-to-skin contact diminishes pain from hepatitis B vaccine injection in healthy full-term neonates. Neonatal Netw 2013; 32:274-280. [PMID: 23835546 DOI: 10.1891/0730-0832.32.4.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that skin-to-skin contact (SSC) would reduce hepatitis B vaccine injection pain in full-term neonates. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial (RCT). SAMPLE Thirty-six mother-;neonate dyads were randomly assigned to SSC or control groups. MAIN OUTCOMES Cry time (CT ), behavioral state (BSt), and heart rate (HR ) were measured throughout the 16-minute protocol. HR and BSt were measured every 30 seconds; CT was recorded continuously. RESULTS SSC neonates cried less compared with controls (23 vs 32 seconds during injection; 16 vs 72 seconds during recovery), reached calmer BSts sooner (M = 2.8 vs M = 6.5 time points), and trended toward more rapid HR decrease. SSC as described was safe and effective and merits further testing.
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Ou-Yang MC, Chen IL, Chen CC, Chung MY, Chen FS, Huang HC. Expressed breast milk for procedural pain in preterm neonates: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Acta Paediatr 2013; 102:15-21. [PMID: 23057434 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether expressed breast milk (milk) reduces procedural pain associated with heel lancing in preterm neonates. METHODS In this placebo-controlled trial, preterm neonates received 5 mL of distilled water as placebo (water, n = 44), 25% glucose water (glucose, n = 39) or milk (n = 40). Heel lancing was performed 2 min later. The primary outcome was the duration of first cry after lancing. RESULTS Participants had similar baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. There was a significant difference in the median duration of first cry among the groups: water = 70.5 sec [interquartile range (IQR) = 5.5-104.5]; glucose = 2.0 sec (IQR = 0.0-45.0); milk = 29.5 sec (IQR = 0.0-65.0). Specifically, the duration of first cry was significantly shorter in the glucose group compared with the water group (Bonferroni adjustment, p = 0.011). Pain scores were significantly lower in the glucose and milk groups compared with the water group 1, 2 and 3 min after heel lancing (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although milk did not significantly reduce crying time, our finding that pain scores were significantly lower in the milk group suggests that milk may reduce pain associated with heel lancing in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Ou-Yang
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Chen
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yung Chung
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Feng-Shun Chen
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chun Huang
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
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Lee SY, Wu CL, Kuo LK, Lai CT, Hsu CP, Hwung HY, Chen YW, Ho YH, Hsu HC, Sun FJ, Yuan PF, Pan I, Chang WH. The Effects of Xylocaine Spray for Pain Control Caused by Endotracheal Tube in Critical Care. INT J GERONTOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ferguson SA, Ward WL, Paule MG, Hall RW, Anand K. A pilot study of preemptive morphine analgesia in preterm neonates: Effects on head circumference, social behavior, and response latencies in early childhood. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012; 34:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abouelfettoh A, Ludington-Hoe SM, Burant CJ, Visscher MO. Effect of skin-to-skin contact on preterm infant skin barrier function and hospital-acquired infection. J Clin Med Res 2011; 3:36-46. [PMID: 22043270 PMCID: PMC3194024 DOI: 10.4021/jocmr479w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The preterm infants' skin is structurally and functionally immature at birth because of immature stratum corneum barrier function, leading to problems with fluid loses, thermoregulation, and infection. Two parameters of barrier function can be non-invasively assessed: Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) and Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL). Skin-to-Skin Care (SSC) is the proposed independent variable that might affect barrier function by decreasing TEWL and increasing SCH, thereby improving stratum corneum barrier function and consequently decreasing the rate of infection. No study of SSC's effects on TEWL and SCH of preterm infants could be found. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of 5 daily Skin-to-Skin Contact sessions on infant skin hydration (SCH), transepidermal evaporated water loss (TEWL), and on SCH when TEWL was controlled, and on the presence of hospital acquired infection. Methods A one-group pretest-test-posttest design with 10 preterm infants (28 - 30 wks GA < 32 wks postmenstrual age, and no infection at entry). Test = 90 minutes of SSC; pre-test and post-test = 30 minutes each of prone positioning in an incubator. SCH and TEWL were taken on Days 1 and 5 at the beginning, middle and end of each period using Multi-Probe Adaptor. A 3 X 3 X 2 Repeated Measures Mixed Models Design, including a covariate, was used to analyze level of Skin Hydration. Specifically, the model tested comparisons in SCH made across repetitions, time, and days, as well as all possible interactions while controlling for TEWL. Descriptive statistics described the number of positive blood cultures during hospitalization and the presence of infections four weeks post-discharge. Results Significant differences in skin hydration were found across TIME (Pre-SSC, SSC, Post-SSC) (F = 21.86; p < 0.001). One infant had a positive blood culture during hospitalization; no infants had signs of infection by 4 weeks post-discharge. Conclusions The study has begun fulfilling the recommendation that SSC be tested as a strategy to improve skin hydration, but reveals that evaporative loss may be higher during SSC than during incubator care, and that the higher transepidermal evaporated water loss values may not necessarily be detrimental because few infections occurred even in its presence. A definitive randomized controlled trial is recommended. Keywords Skin-to-skin contact; Skin hydration; Transepidermal water loss; Infection; Preterm
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Czarnecki ML, Turner HN, Collins PM, Doellman D, Wrona S, Reynolds J. Procedural pain management: a position statement with clinical practice recommendations. Pain Manag Nurs 2011; 12:95-111. [PMID: 21620311 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The American Society for Pain Management Nursing (ASPMN) has developed a position statement and clinical practice recommendations related to procedural preparation and comfort management. Procedures potentially produce pain and anxiety, both of which should be assessed and addressed before the procedure begins. This position statement refers to "comfort management" as incorporating the management of pain, anxiety, and any other discomforts that may occur with procedures. It is the position of ASPMN that nurses and other health care professionals advocate and intervene based on the needs of the patient, setting, and situation, to provide optimal comfort management before, during, and after procedures. Furthermore, ASPMN does not condone procedures being performed without the implementation of planned comfort assessment and management. In addition to outlining this position with supporting evidence, this paper reviews the ethical considerations regarding procedural comfort management and provides recommendations for nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management during all phases of the procedure. An appendix provides a summary of this position statement and clinical practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Czarnecki
- Jane B. Pettit Pain and Palliative Care Center, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA.
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Olsson E, Eriksson M. Oral glucose for pain relief during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20:1054-9. [PMID: 21309874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine whether oral glucose could have a pain-relieving effect during the eye examinations that premature neonates undergo in the screening for retinopathy of prematurity. BACKGROUND Studies have shown that orally administered sweet-tasting solutions reduce signs of pain during painful procedures such as venepuncture and heel sticks on premature and full-term infants. This effect has not yet been proven during the eye examinations for the screening of retinopathy of prematurity. Design. Randomised, controlled, double-blind study. METHOD Thirty infants born before 32 weeks of gestation and/or weighing <1500 g at birth were randomised to receive 1 ml of either 30% glucose or sterile water before the eye examination. Examinations were videotaped, and the observer was blinded to the intervention. Pain responses were scored using the premature infant pain profile. Heart rate and crying time were also recorded. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups, neither in premature infant pain profile score, heart rate changes nor crying time. CONCLUSION This study does not support the pain-relieving effect of orally administered glucose during eye examinations in preterm infants. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Oral glucose should not be used as single measure for pain relief during eye examinations of preterm infants. Other comforting and pain-relieving measures should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Olsson
- Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
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Relationship between feeding schedules and gastric distress during retinopathy of prematurity screening eye examinations. J AAPOS 2010; 14:334-9. [PMID: 20736125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether a relationship exists between the timing of feeding before retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) eye examinations and gastric side effects or distress associated with this examination. METHODS A prospective, randomized, single-masked study was conducted involving infants in the neonatal intensive care unit who required an ROP eye examination and who received normal or full enteral feeding over a 1 year period. Infants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study arms: feeding 1 hour before examination (arm 1) or feeding schedule adjusted to ensure no feeding within 2 hours before examination (arm 2). Physiological data, including blood pressure and pulse rate, before, during and after examination, crying time during the examination, presence of vomiting and gastric aspirates, and gastric aspirates volume 24 hours after the examination, were recorded. RESULTS A total of 34 infants were enrolled, with 57 separate eye examinations conducted. There was 19% less crying (p = 0.016) in arm 1 versus arm 2. Vomiting was 3-fold less in arm 1 versus arm 2 (4.2% vs 12.5%, p = 0.38). Gastric aspirates was less in arm 1 versus arm 2 (p = 0.18). Diastolic blood pressure was lower and respiratory rate greater during the examination in arm 1 (p < 0.05), whereas pulse rate was greater at the start of the examination in arm 1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Feeding neonatal intensive care unit infants 1 hour before compared with withholding feeding 2 or more hours before ROP examinations may reduce stress during the examination, as measured by percentage crying during the examination, with no increased incidence of vomiting or gastric aspirates.
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Kostandy RR, Ludington-Hoe SM, Cong X, Abouelfettoh A, Bronson C, Stankus A, Jarrell JR. Kangaroo Care (skin contact) reduces crying response to pain in preterm neonates: pilot results. Pain Manag Nurs 2008; 9:55-65. [PMID: 18513662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Crying commonly occurs in response to heel stick and adversely affects the infant's physiologic stability. Minimal crying in response to pain is desired. "Kangaroo Care," skin contact between mother and infant, reduces pain and may reduce crying in response to pain. The purpose of this pilot study was to test Kangaroo Care's effect on the preterm infant's audible and inaudible crying response to heel stick. Inaudible crying has not been previously studied. A prospective randomized cross-over study with 10 preterm infants 2-9 days old (30-32 weeks' postmenstrual age) was conducted. Infants were randomly assigned to two sequences (sequence A: day 1 heel stick in Kangaroo Care [after 30 min of prone skin contact upright between maternal breasts] and day 2 heel stick in incubator [inclined, nested and prone]; or sequence B: opposite of sequence A) was conducted. Videotapes of baseline, heel warming, heel stick, and recovery phases were scored for audible and inaudible crying times. Audible and inaudible crying times for each subject in each phase were summed and analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Subject characteristics did not differ between those in the two sequences. Crying time differed between the study phases on both days (p <or= .001). When in Kangaroo Care compared with the incubator, crying time was less during the heel stick (p = .001) and recovery (p = .01) phases, regardless of sequence. Because Kangaroo Care reduced crying in response to heel stick in medically stable preterm infants, a definitive study is merited before making recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raouth R Kostandy
- College of Nursing, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3701, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fitzgerald
- London Pain Consortium, UCL Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK Portex Department of Anaesthesia, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Abstract
While advances in neonatal medicine have increased the possibility of sustaining life for many infants, more infants still die in the neonatal period (birth to 27 days of life) than those in any other time in childhood. Despite this statistic, there still remains much that is unknown about both the needs and the care of these critically ill babies. Palliative care is a viable option for many of these infants and their families. However, palliative care is rarely provided as an option for families. To provide healthcare providers with an overview of palliative and end-of-life care for infants in the neonatal period, we conducted an integrative review of the current research literature. A total of 10 articles were selected for the review. Findings from these studies were summarized in 1 of 4 categories: practices of withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment, pain management during ventilator withdrawal, parents and the decision-making process, and the dying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Moro
- University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration, IL 60612, USA.
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