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Role of some vasoactive mediators in scorpion envenomed children: Possible relation to envenoming outcome. Toxicon 2017; 127:77-84. [PMID: 28088475 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion envenomation causes an autonomic storm resulting in changes in the vasoactive mediators' levels which lead to myocardial damage, cardiovascular disturbances, peripheral circulatory failure, pulmonary edema, multi-system-organ-failure and death. The study aimed to determine the circulating levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin II (Ang II), kallikrein enzyme, nitric oxide (NO), aldosterone, and electrolytes Na+, K+ and Ca+2 in scorpion envenomed children and to evaluate the potential relation between these vasoactive mediators, the severity of scorpion envenoming and the clinical outcome of envenomed children. Forty envenomed children (22 mild and 18 severe cases) along with 10 healthy control children were enrolled in the study. The circulating levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, Ang II, ACE, kallikrein enzyme, and NO were determined by ELISA, and spectrophotometric assays on admission and 24 h later. On admission, serum aldosterone, and electrolytes; Na+, K+ and Ca+2 were determined by RIA, Flame photometer and Flame atomic absorption respectively. All envenomed children showed significant surge of adrenaline, noradrenaline, ACE, Ang II, aldosterone, NO and Na+, that concomitantly faced by significant reduction in kallikrein, K+ and Ca+2 on admission. Twenty four hours later, all envenomed children continued to show significant elevation of ACE, Ang II and NO. The severely envenomed children showed considerable reduction in circulating levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, ACE and Ang II, while dramatic increase in kallikrein activity was reported in comparison to mildly envenomed children after 24 h of medical care. Also, NO exhibited considerable accumulation in non survivors, on admission, that was persistent for the subsequent 24 h and was accompanied by high kallikrein, low catecholamines and Ang II levels compared to survivors. Finally, the hypertensive cases showed substantial higher levels of catecholamine, ACE and Ang II, 24 h after admission. These findings indicated that, disturbances of the studied vasoactive mediators were common in scorpion envenomed children and may account for several inflammatory manifestations and clinical outcome. ACE inhibitors could be considered as possible therapeutic agent in victims with prominent increase in ACE and Ang II while kallikrein inhibitor and antioxidants may be effective in the treatment of late hypotensive ones.
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Kruzliak P, Pechanova O, Kara T. New perspectives of nitric oxide donors in cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatment. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 19:383-90. [PMID: 23712508 PMCID: PMC3976759 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is often used to treat heart failure accompanied with pulmonary edema. According to present knowledge, however, NO donors are contraindicated when systolic blood pressure is less than 90 mmHg. Based on recent findings and our own clinical experience, we formulated a hypothesis about the new breakthrough complex lifesaving effects of NO donors in patients with cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation therapy. It includes a direct hemodynamic effect of NO donors mediated through vasodilation of coronary arteries in cooperation with improvement of cardiac function and cardiac output through reversible inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and mitochondrial NO synthase, followed by reduction in reactive oxygen species and correction of myocardial stunning. Simultaneously, an increase in vascular sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation could lead to an increase in diastolic blood pressure. Confirmation of this hypothesis in clinical practice would mean a milestone in the treatment for cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kruzliak
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology and Centre of Excellence for Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic,
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3
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Carbon monoxide: Mechanisms of action and potential clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:133-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Hashikawa-Hobara N, Chan NYK, Levi R. Histamine 3 receptor activation reduces the expression of neuronal angiotensin II type 1 receptors in the heart. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:185-91. [PMID: 22011436 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.187765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe myocardial ischemia, histamine 3 (H₃) receptor activation affords cardioprotection by preventing excessive norepinephrine release and arrhythmias; pivotal to this action is the inhibition of neuronal Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger (NHE). Conversely, angiotensin II, formed locally by mast cell-derived renin, stimulates NHE via angiotensin II type 1 (AT₁) receptors, facilitating norepinephrine release and arrhythmias. Thus, ischemic dysfunction may depend on a balance between the NHE-modulating effects of H₃ receptors and AT₁ receptors. The purpose of this investigation was therefore to elucidate the H₃/AT₁ receptor interaction in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. We found that H₃ receptor blockade with clobenpropit increased norepinephrine overflow and arrhythmias in Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. This coincided with increased neuronal AT₁ receptor expression. NHE inhibition with cariporide prevented both increases in norepinephrine release and AT₁ receptor expression. Moreover, norepinephrine release and AT₁ receptor expression were increased by the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(G)-methyl-L-arginine and the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate. H₃ receptor activation in differentiated sympathetic neuron-like PC12 cells permanently transfected with H₃ receptor cDNA caused a decrease in protein kinase C activity and AT₁ receptor protein abundance. Collectively, our findings suggest that neuronal H₃ receptor activation inhibits NHE by diminishing protein kinase C activity. Reduced NHE activity sequentially causes intracellular acidification, increased NO synthesis, and diminished AT₁ receptor expression. Thus, H₃ receptor-mediated NHE inhibition in ischemia/reperfusion not only opposes the angiotensin II-induced stimulation of NHE in cardiac sympathetic neurons, but also down-regulates AT₁ receptor expression. Cardioprotection ultimately results from the combined attenuation of angiotensin II and norepinephrine effects and alleviation of arrhythmias.
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Spasojević I. Free radicals and antioxidants at a glance using EPR spectroscopy. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2011; 48:114-42. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2011.591772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Timoshin AA, Tskitishvili OV, Drobotova DY, Studneva IM, Serebryakova LI, Ruuge EK, Pisarenko OI. Production of nitric oxide as related to cardiomyocyte injury upon regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350908040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Suzuki N, Motohashi N, Uezumi A, Fukada SI, Yoshimura T, Itoyama Y, Aoki M, Miyagoe-Suzuki Y, Takeda S. NO production results in suspension-induced muscle atrophy through dislocation of neuronal NOS. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:2468-76. [PMID: 17786240 PMCID: PMC1952622 DOI: 10.1172/jci30654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O (Foxo) transcription factors induce muscle atrophy by upregulating the muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF-1 and atrogin-1/MAFbx, but other than Akt, the upstream regulators of Foxos during muscle atrophy are largely unknown. To examine the involvement of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) in regulation of Foxo activities and muscle atrophy, we analyzed the expression of DGC members during tail suspension, a model of unloading-induced muscle atrophy. Among several DGC members, only neuronal NOS (nNOS) quickly dislocated from the sarcolemma to the cytoplasm during tail suspension. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry revealed production of NO in atrophying muscle. nNOS-null mice showed much milder muscle atrophy after tail suspension than did wild-type mice. Importantly, nuclear accumulation of dephosphorylated Foxo3a was not evident in nNOS-null muscle, and neither MuRF-1 nor atrogin-1/MAFbx were upregulated during tail suspension. Furthermore, an nNOS-specific inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole, significantly prevented suspension-induced muscle atrophy. The NF-kappaB pathway was activated in both wild-type and nNOS-null muscle during tail suspension. We also show that nNOS was involved in the mechanism of denervation-induced atrophy. We conclude that nNOS/NO mediates muscle atrophy via regulation of Foxo transcription factors and is a new therapeutic target for disuse-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
Project of Biofunctional Reactive Species, Yamagata Promotional Organization of Industrial Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Norio Motohashi
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
Project of Biofunctional Reactive Species, Yamagata Promotional Organization of Industrial Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
Project of Biofunctional Reactive Species, Yamagata Promotional Organization of Industrial Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata, Japan
| | - So-ichiro Fukada
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
Project of Biofunctional Reactive Species, Yamagata Promotional Organization of Industrial Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Yoshimura
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
Project of Biofunctional Reactive Species, Yamagata Promotional Organization of Industrial Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasuto Itoyama
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
Project of Biofunctional Reactive Species, Yamagata Promotional Organization of Industrial Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
Project of Biofunctional Reactive Species, Yamagata Promotional Organization of Industrial Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyagoe-Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
Project of Biofunctional Reactive Species, Yamagata Promotional Organization of Industrial Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shin’ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
Project of Biofunctional Reactive Species, Yamagata Promotional Organization of Industrial Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata, Japan
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Parlakpinar H, Ozer MK, Acet A. Effect of aminoguanidine on ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial injury in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 277:137-42. [PMID: 16132725 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-5779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) has been implicated in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that leads to increase production of nitric oxide (NO). Recently, excessive production of NO has been involved in causing myocardial injury. In our in vivo model, we examined the effects of aminoguanidine (AMG), a known iNOS inhibitor, on percentage infarct size in anaesthetized rats. A total of 14 rats were equally divided into two groups (n = 7 in each group). To produce myocardial necrosis, the left main coronary artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by 120 min of reperfusion, in anesthetized rats. AMG (200 mg kg(-1)) was given intravenously 10 min before occlusion. The volume of infarct size and the risk zone were determined by planimentry of each tracing and multiplying by the slice thickness. Infarct size was normalized by expressing it as a percentage of the area at risk. Hemodynamic parameters were measured via the left carotid artery. Compared to MI/R group, whereas AMG administration elevated mean arterial blood pressure, statistically reduced the myocardial infarct size (21+/- 1 and 14+/- 4%, respectively) and infract size/risk zone (53+/- 3 and 37+/- 5%, respectively) in rat model of ischemia-reperfusion. In conclusion, this study indicates that iNOS inhibitor, AMG, show reduction in NO's side effect in I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Clermont G, Lecour S, Vergely C, Zeller M, Perrin C, Maupoil V, Bouchot O, Rochette L. Direct demonstration of nitric oxide formation in organs of rabbits treated by transdermal glyceryl trinitrate using an in vivo spin trapping technique. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2004; 17:709-15. [PMID: 15015716 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-8206.2003.00199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is commonly delivered by a patch for the treatment of angina pectoris. The idea is now generally accepted that GTN requires a biotransformation process that activates the drug, in particular through nitric oxide (NO) generation. However, the pharmacokinetics of NO delivery from GTN still remains obscure. The objective of this study was to assess GTN-derived NO formation in vascular tissues and organs in rabbit given GTN patches. NO levels were evaluated in rabbits after 3 h of treatment with a 10 mg GTN patch (GTN group; n = 7) or a placebo patch (CTL; n = 7). Nitrosylhaemoglobin (HbNO) was evaluated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in red cell suspension. In vivo spin trapping technique using FeMGD as a spin trap, associated with ESR was used to quantify NO in tissues. The NO-spin trap complex, which is a relatively stable product, has been measured in several tissues. The ESR spectrum corresponding to HbNO was not found in red cell of GTN or CTL rabbits. The spectrum corresponding to the NO-spin trap complex was observed in all analysed tissues of CTL rabbits. The signal was significantly increased in liver, renal medulla, heart left ventricle and spleen of GTN-treated rabbits, and to a lesser extent in right ventricle and lung. No difference was shown between NO-spin trap levels measured in aorta or inferior vena cava from GTN or CTL rabbits. These data suggest that GTN patch treatment induced NO release, and that tissue-specific differences in transdermal GTN-derived NO exist. The GTN-NO pathway appears to be largely involved in organs such as the liver, kidney and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Clermont
- LPPCE, Faculty of Medicine, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon Cedex--IFR Santé no. 100, France
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10
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Lecour S, Clermont G, du Toit E, Gilson L, Maupoil V, Lowe S, Dupuis P, Girard C, Rochette L. Evidence for the extrapulmonary localization of inhaled nitric oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 5:372-7. [PMID: 14633318 DOI: 10.1097/01.hdx.0000098613.53486.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a promising pulmonary vasodilator to treat pulmonary hypertension associated with heart disease and ventilation/perfusion mismatching. However, the pharmacokinetics of inhaled NO still remains obscure and its cardiopulmonary selectivity appears to be increasingly under debate. In the present study measured NO content and levels of cyclic guanosine 3',5'monophosphate (cGMP), a mediator of NO-induced vasodilation, in a variety of organs from rats subjected to NO inhalation. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy associated to a spin trapping technique using N-methyl D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (FeMGD) was used to directly quantify NO levels in the lung, kidney, liver, aorta, and heart from anesthetized Wistar rats subjected to various doses (0, 20, 50, 100, or 200 ppm) and various times (0, 30, 45, or 75 minutes) of inhaled NO. Inhaled NO at a dose of 100 and 200 ppm significantly increased the NO-FeMGD complex in all organs studied. An increase of cGMP was detected in the lung and the aorta after inhaled NO for 45 minutes at the dose of 50 ppm. No changes in NO levels and its metabolites were shown between 30 and 75 minutes of inhaled NO. The results show that inhaled NO at a dose of 100 ppm or more increases NO levels in other organs beside the lung, strongly suggesting that inhaled NO would be more than a pulmonary vasodilator and its selectivity remains to be reconsidered when used for therapeutic purposes.
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Tiravanti E, Samouilov A, Zweier JL. Nitrosyl-heme complexes are formed in the ischemic heart: evidence of nitrite-derived nitric oxide formation, storage, and signaling in post-ischemic tissues. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:11065-73. [PMID: 14704151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311908200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the generation from specific nitric-oxide (NO) synthases, NO formation from nitrite occurs in ischemic tissues, such as the heart. Although NO binding to heme-centers is the basis for NO-mediated signaling as occurs through guanylate cyclase, it is not known if this process is triggered with physiologically relevant periods of sublethal ischemia and if nitrite serves as a critical substrate. Therefore electron paramagnetic resonance studies were performed to measure nitrosylheme formation during the time course of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion and the role of nitrite in this process. Rat hearts were either partially nitrite-depleted by nitrite-free buffer perfusion or nitrite-enriched by preinfusion with 50 microm nitrite. Ischemic hearts loaded with nitrite showed prominent spectra of six-coordinate nitrosyl-heme complexes, primarily NO-myoglobin, that increased as a function of ischemic duration, whereas in nonischemic-controls these signals were not seen. Total nitrosyl-heme concentrations within the heart were 6.6 +/- 0.7 microm after 30 min of ischemia. Nitrite-depleted hearts also gave rise to NO-heme signals during ischemia, but levels were 8-fold lower. Nitrite-mediated NO-heme complex formation during ischemia was associated with activation of guanylate cyclase. Upon reperfusion, the levels of NO-heme complexes decreased 3-fold by the first 15 min but remained elevated for over 45 min. The decrease in NO-heme complex levels was paralleled by the formation of nitrate, suggesting the oxidation of heme-bound NO upon reperfusion. Thus, nitrite-mediated NO-heme formation occurs progressively during ischemia, with these complexes serving as a store of NO with concordant activation of NO signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edy Tiravanti
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Vergely C, Maupoil V, Clermont G, Bril A, Rochette L. Identification and quantification of free radicals during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 420:209-16. [PMID: 14654059 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is general agreement that free radicals are involved in reperfusion injury. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy can be considered as the more suitable technique to directly measure and characterize free radical generation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. There are essentially two approaches used in the detection of unstable reactive species: freezing technique and spin traps. The detection of secondary free radicals or ascorbyl free radicals during reperfusion might provide an index of oxidative stress. Spin trapping can also characterize nitric oxide. EPR spectroscopy can provide important data regarding redox state and free radical metabolism but ideally, the spin traps must not interfere with cell or organism function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Vergely
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaires Expérimentales, IFR no 100-Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc-87900, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
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13
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Takahashi SS, Omori Y, Miyazaki H, Yoshino F, Shoji H, Lee MCI, Todoki K, Kamibayashi M, Murakami E. Real-time monitoring of nitric oxide in ischemic myocardium using an NO-selective electrode calibrated by electron spin resonance. Life Sci 2003; 74:75-85. [PMID: 14575814 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using a Langendorff-perfused rat heart preparation and selective electrodes, we determined nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen levels in cardiac tissue. An NO-selective electrode that was calibrated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was inserted into the middle of the myocardium in the left ventricle. Simultaneously, we used an O2-selective electrode to measure the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the perfusate, Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution, that was ejected from the heart. After 30 min of aerobic control perfusion, hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Under ischemic conditions, with a gradually decreasing pO2, NO detected by an NO-sensitive electrode within the myocardium was gradually increased. The maximum concentration increases in NO and decreases in pO2 during global ischemia were +10.200 +/- 1.223 microM and -58.608 +/- 4.123 mmHg, respectively. NO and pO2 levels both recovered to pre-ischemia baseline values when perfusion was restarted after global ischemia (reperfusion). The presence of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mM), a NOS inhibitor, prevented ischemia/reperfusion-induced changes in NO. This study shows that an NO-selective electrode that is calibrated by ESR can provide accurate, real-time monitoring of cardiac NO in normal and ischemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-suke Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology and ESR Laboratory, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.
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Fernández N, Martínez MA, Climent B, García-Villalón AL, Monge L, Sanz E, Diéguez G. Coronary reactivity to endothelin-1 during partial ischemia and reperfusion in anesthetized goats. Role of nitric oxide and prostanoids. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 457:161-8. [PMID: 12464362 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To examine the coronary reactivity to endothelin-1 and its interaction with nitric oxide or prostanoids during partial coronary ischemia and reperfusion, left circumflex coronary artery flow was electromagnetically measured, and partial occlusion of this artery was induced for 60 min, followed by reperfusion in anesthetized goats (eight non-treated, six treated with N(w)-nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME) and five treated with meclofenamate). During partial occlusion, coronary vascular conductance was reduced by 24-37% (P<0.01), and the coronary vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine (3-100 ng) and sodium nitroprusside (1-10 microg) was much decreased in every case; the vasoconstriction in response to endothelin-1 (1-10 microg) was depressed in non-treated animals, and this depression was reversed by L-NAME and was accentuated by meclofenamate. At 30 min of reperfusion coronary vascular conductance remained decreased by 22-27% (P<0.01), and the vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine (3-100 ng) and sodium nitroprusside (1-10 microg), as well as the vasoconstriction with endothelin-1 (1-10 microg), were as in the control and comparable in the three groups of animals. These results suggest: (a) that during ischemia, the coronary vasodilator reserve is greatly reduced, and the vasoconstriction with endothelin-1 is blunted, with preservation of the modulatory role of nitric oxide and involvement of vasoconstrictor prostanoids in this vasoconstriction, and (2) that during reperfusion, the coronary vasodilator reserve and the coronary reactivity to acetylcholine and endothelin-1 recover, but the modulatory role of nitric oxide in this reactivity may be attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Vergely C, Rochette L. [Nitric oxide synthases and peripheral cardiovascular system]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2002; 51:109-16. [PMID: 12471692 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3928(02)00080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) is catalysed by nitric oxide synthases which exist in at least three distinct isoforms. These enzymes catalyse the oxidation of the amino acid L-arginine to give rise to L-citrulline and NO. The different cell types comprising cardiac muscle express one or more of the three isoforms (neuronal, inductible, endothelial) of NO synthases. Recently, a mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase has been isolated. A complexity of NO synthase exists with distinct domains and multitude of cofactors. NO synthases are able to produce not only NO but also superoxide O2-. (uncoupled reaction). These two products can react together extremely rapidly to form the potent oxidant peroxynitrite. The formation of peroxynitrite has been implicated in the pathology of a large number of conditions involving oxidative stress such as atherosclerosis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vergely
- Laboratoire de physiopathologie et pharmacologie cardiovasculaires expérimentales, facultés de médecine et de pharmacie, 7, boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon, France
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Rakhit
- Waller Department of Cardiology, St Marys Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK.
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