1
|
Luchi TC, Coelho PM, Cordeiro JP, Assis ALEM, Nogueira BV, Marques VB, Dos Santos L, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Lunz W, Leopoldo AS. Chronic aerobic exercise associated to low-dose L-NAME improves contractility without changing calcium handling in rat cardiomyocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e8761. [PMID: 32159612 PMCID: PMC7076801 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) inhibition by high-dose NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) is associated with several detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. However, low-dose L-NAME increases NO synthesis, which in turn induces physiological cardiovascular benefits, probably by activating a protective negative feedback mechanism. Aerobic exercise, likewise, improves several cardiovascular functions in healthy hearts, but its effects are not known when chronically associated with low-dose L-NAME. Thus, we tested whether the association between low-dose L-NAME administration and chronic aerobic exercise promotes beneficial effects to the cardiovascular system, evaluating the cardiac remodeling process. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (C), L-NAME (L), chronic aerobic exercise (Ex), and chronic aerobic exercise associated to L-NAME (ExL). Aerobic training was performed with progressive intensity for 12 weeks; L-NAME (1.5 mg·kg-1·day-1) was administered by orogastric gavage. Low-dose L-NAME alone did not change systolic blood pressure (SBP), but ExL significantly increased SBP at week 8 with normalization after 12 weeks. Furthermore, ExL promoted the elevation of left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic pressure without the presence of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Time to 50% shortening and relaxation were reduced in ExL, suggesting a cardiomyocyte contractile improvement. In addition, the time to 50% Ca2+ peak was increased without alterations in Ca2+ amplitude and time to 50% Ca2+ decay. In conclusion, the association of chronic aerobic exercise and low-dose L-NAME prevented cardiac pathological remodeling and induced cardiomyocyte contractile function improvement; however, it did not alter myocyte affinity and sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+ handling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Luchi
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - P M Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - J P Cordeiro
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - A L E M Assis
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - B V Nogueira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - V B Marques
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - L Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - A P Lima-Leopoldo
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - W Lunz
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - A S Leopoldo
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walsh-Wilkinson É, Drolet MC, Le Houillier C, Roy ÈM, Arsenault M, Couet J. Sex differences in the response to angiotensin II receptor blockade in a rat model of eccentric cardiac hypertrophy. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7461. [PMID: 31404429 PMCID: PMC6686841 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Men and women differ in their susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, though the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Heart disease symptoms, evolution and response to treatment are often sex-specific. This has been studied in animal models of hypertension or myocardial infarction in the past but has received less attention in the context of heart valve regurgitation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the development of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) in response to left ventricle (LV) volume overload (VO) caused by chronic aortic valve regurgitation (AR) in male and female rats treated or not with angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), valsartan. We studied eight groups of Wistar rats: male or female, AR or sham-operated (sham) and treated or not with valsartan (30 mg/kg/day) for 9 weeks starting one week before AR surgical induction. Results. As expected, VO from AR resulted for both male and female rats in significant LV dilation (39% vs. 40% end-diastolic LV diameter increase, respectively; p < 0.0001) and CH (53% vs. 64% heart weight increase, respectively; p < 0.0001) compared to sham. Sex differences were observed in LV wall thickening in response to VO. In untreated AR males, relative LV wall thickness (a ratio of wall thickness to end-diastolic diameter) was reduced compared to sham, whereas this ratio in females remained unchanged. ARB treatment did not prevent LV dilation in both male and female animals but reversed LV wall thickening in females. Systolic and diastolic functions in AR animals were altered similarly for both sexes. ARB treatment did not improve systolic function but helped normalizing diastolic parameters such as left atrial mass and E wave slope in female AR rats. Increased LV gene expression of Anp and Bnp was normalized by ARB treatment in AR females but not in males. Other hypertrophy gene markers (Fos, Trpc6, Klf15, Myh6 and Myh7) were not modulated by ARB treatment. The same was true for genes related to LV extracellular matrix remodeling (Col1a1, Col3a1, Fn1, Mmp2, Timp1 and Lox). In summary, ARB treatment of rats with severe AR blocked the female-specific hypertrophic response characterized by LV chamber wall thickening. LV dilation, on the other hand, was not significantly decreased by ARB treatment. This also indicates that activation of the angiotensin II receptor is probably more involved in the early steps of LV remodeling caused by AR in females than in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Élisabeth Walsh-Wilkinson
- Université Laval, Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathies, Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Drolet
- Université Laval, Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathies, Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Charlie Le Houillier
- Université Laval, Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathies, Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Ève-Marie Roy
- Université Laval, Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathies, Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Arsenault
- Université Laval, Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathies, Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Couet
- Université Laval, Groupe de recherche sur les valvulopathies, Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Olabiyi AA, Carvalho FB, Bottari NB, Morsch VM, Morel AF, Oboh G, Schetinger MR. Tiger nut and walnut extracts modulate extracellular metabolism of ATP and adenosine through the NOS/cGMP/PKG signalling pathway in kidney slices. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 43:140-149. [PMID: 29747747 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) and walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum Müll. Arg.) have been reportedly used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, prevent heart attack and improve blood circulation, reduce serum cholesterol level as well as inhibit oxidation reactions. PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of tiger nut and walnut hydro-alcoholic extracts on extracellular metabolism of ATP through the NOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) in kidney slices. METHODS The plants were extracted for 24 h in 10 ml of 70% ethanol and 30% distilled water per gram milled material on a mechanical shaker and filtered using Whatman filter paper. The effect of the extracts on ecto-nucleotidases (NTPDase and 5' nucleotidase) and adenosine deaminase activities, nitrites and nitrates levels (NO, markers of NO production) as well as lipid and protein oxidation reactions in kidney slices were evaluated. Also, the phenolic components of the nut samples were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The results revealed a protective effect of tiger nut and walnut on co-incubation with L-NAME of the enzyme activities, increased NO significantly (P < 0.05) when compared to the vehicle. L-NAME also increased the thiobabituric reactive substances but co-incubation with the extracts caused a significant reduction while protein oxidation across groups showed no significant difference when compared to the vehicle group. HPLC finger printing revealed the presence of quercetin and kaempferol as the most abundant phenolic compounds in tiger nut and walnut respectively. CONCLUSION Tiger nut and walnut extracts showed a protective effect on L-NAME induced kidney slices by reducing the activities of NTPDase (ATP as substrate) and adenosine deaminase, increased NO levels as well as prevent oxidative damage. The effect observed may be attributed to the phenolic compounds present in both nuts as depicted by HPLC finger printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji A Olabiyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5454, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano B Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ademir F Morel
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria.
| | - Maria Rosa Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akinyemi AJ, Oboh G, Thomé GR, Morsch VM, Lopes TF, Schetinger MRC. Dietary ginger and turmeric rhizomes prevent oxidative stress and restore delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in L-NAME treated rats. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi
- Department of Biochemistry; Afe Babalola University, Private Mail Bag 5454; Ado-Ekiti Nigeria
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology, Akure, Private Mail Bag 704; Akure 340001 Nigeria
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology, Akure, Private Mail Bag 704; Akure 340001 Nigeria
| | - Gustavo Roberto Thomé
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Thauan Faccin Lopes
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akinyemi AJ, Thomé GR, Morsch VM, Bottari NB, Baldissarelli J, de Oliveira LS, Goularte JF, Belló-Klein A, Oboh G, Schetinger MRC. Dietary Supplementation of Ginger and Turmeric Rhizomes Modulates Platelets Ectonucleotidase and Adenosine Deaminase Activities in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1156-63. [PMID: 27151061 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with platelet alterations that could contribute to the development of cardiovascular complications. Several studies have reported antiplatelet aggregation properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) with limited scientific basis. Hence, this study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of these rhizomes on platelet ectonucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) induced hypertensive rats. Animals were divided into seven groups (n = 10): normotensive control rats; induced (l-NAME hypertensive) rats; hypertensive rats treated with atenolol (10 mg/kg/day); normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with 4% supplementation of turmeric or ginger, respectively. After 14 days of pre-treatment, the animals were induced with hypertension by oral administration of l-NAME (40 mg/kg/day). The results revealed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in platelet ADA activity and ATP hydrolysis with a concomitant decrease in ADP and AMP hydrolysis of l-NAME hypertensive rats when compared with the control. However, dietary supplementation with turmeric or ginger efficiently prevented these alterations by modulating the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and AMP with a concomitant decrease in ADA activity. Thus, these activities could suggest some possible mechanism of the rhizomes against hypertension-derived complications associated to platelet hyperactivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Private Mail Bag 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Private Mail Bag 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Roberto Thomé
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lizielle Souza de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Ferraz Goularte
- Health Basic Sciences Institute, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Health Basic Sciences Institute, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Private Mail Bag 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fontes MT, Silva TLBT, Mota MM, Barreto AS, Rossoni LV, Santos MRV. Resistance exercise acutely enhances mesenteric artery insulin-induced relaxation in healthy rats. Life Sci 2013; 94:24-9. [PMID: 24316143 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the mechanisms involved in insulin-induced vasodilatation after acute resistance exercise in healthy rats. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (CT), electrically stimulated (ES) and resistance exercise (RE). Immediately after acute RE (15 sets with 10 repetitions at 70% of maximal intensity), the animals were sacrificed and rings of mesenteric artery were mounted in an isometric system. After this, concentration-response curves to insulin were performed in control condition and in the presence of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), L-NAME (NOS inhibitor), L-NAME+TEA (K(+) channels inhibitor), LY294002+BQ123 (ET-A antagonist) or ouabain (Na(+)/K(+) ATPase inhibitor). KEY FINDINGS Acute RE increased insulin-induced vasorelaxation as compared to control (CT: Rmax=7.3 ± 0.4% and RE: Rmax=15.8 ± 0.8%; p<0.001). NOS inhibition reduced (p<0.001) this vasorelaxation from both groups (CT: Rmax=2.0 ± 0.3%, and RE: Rmax=-1.2 ± 0.1%), while PI3K inhibition abolished the vasorelaxation in CT (Rmax=-0.1±0.3%, p<0.001), and caused vasoconstriction in RE (Rmax=-6.5 ± 0.6%). That insulin-induced vasoconstriction on PI3K inhibition was abolished (p<0.001) by the ET-A antagonist (Rmax=2.9 ± 0.4%). Additionally, acute RE enhanced (p<0.001) the functional activity of the ouabain-sensitive Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity (Rmax=10.7 ± 0.4%) and of the K(+) channels (Rmax=-6.1±0.5%; p<0.001) in the insulin-induced vasorelaxation as compared to CT. SIGNIFICANCE Such results suggest that acute RE promotes enhanced insulin-induced vasodilatation, which could act as a fine tuning to vascular tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Fontes
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - T L B T Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - M M Mota
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - A S Barreto
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - L V Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M R V Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Downregulation of the cardiotrophin-1 gene expression by valsartan and spironolactone in hypertrophied heart rats in vivo and rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cell line in vitro: a novel mechanism of cardioprotection. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:337-44. [PMID: 23288202 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318283a565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence, prevalence, and hospitalization rates associated with heart failure (HF) are projected to increase substantially in the world. Among all medications used clinically to treat HF, valsartan (VAL) and spironolactone (SPL) have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality. Recently, a novel cardiac gene cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HF. However, the ability of VAL and SPL to modulate the expression of CT-1 has not been investigated yet. Therefore, healthy and isoproterenol (ISO)-induced hypertrophy adult male Wistar albino rats were treated with either VAL or SPL for 14 days. Thereafter, cardiac markers of cardiotoxicity and hypertrophy, creatine kinase, heart weight/body weight ratio, and atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA levels were measured. In addition, CT-1 mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Our results showed that the increases in all HF markers, creatine kinase, heart weight/body weight ratio, and atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA levels in ISO-treated rats were significantly restored to their normal levels by VAL and SPL. In addition, induction of cardiac hypertrophy by ISO caused remarkable induction in CT-1 mRNA and protein expression levels by approximately 3.5- and 3-fold, respectively. Importantly, VAL and SPL significantly decreased the induction of CT-1 gene at the mRNA and protein levels in heart hypertrophied rats. On the other hand, treatment of cardiac-derived rat myoblast H9c2 cells with VAL and SPL significantly decreased angiotensin II-induced CT-1 mRNA levels through transcriptional mechanism, as demonstrated by the effect of transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D. In conclusion, VAL and SPL exhibited their cardioprotective effect through inhibiting the expression of CT-1 gene in cardiac hypertrophied rats.
Collapse
|
8
|
El-Mosallamy AE, Sleem AA, Abdel-Salam OM, Shaffie N, Kenawy SA. Antihypertensive and Cardioprotective Effects of Pumpkin Seed Oil. J Med Food 2012; 15:180-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Shaffie
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A. Kenawy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Blaustein MP, Leenen FHH, Chen L, Golovina VA, Hamlyn JM, Pallone TL, Van Huysse JW, Zhang J, Wier WG. How NaCl raises blood pressure: a new paradigm for the pathogenesis of salt-dependent hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H1031-49. [PMID: 22058154 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00899.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excess dietary salt is a major cause of hypertension. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms by which salt increases arterial constriction and peripheral vascular resistance, and thereby raises blood pressure (BP), are poorly understood. Here we summarize recent evidence that defines specific molecular links between Na(+) and the elevated vascular resistance that directly produces high BP. In this new paradigm, high dietary salt raises cerebrospinal fluid [Na(+)]. This leads, via the Na(+)-sensing circumventricular organs of the brain, to increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), a major trigger of vasoconstriction. Plasma levels of endogenous ouabain (EO), the Na(+) pump ligand, also become elevated. Remarkably, high cerebrospinal fluid [Na(+)]-evoked, locally secreted (hypothalamic) EO participates in a pathway that mediates the sustained increase in SNA. This hypothalamic signaling chain includes aldosterone, epithelial Na(+) channels, EO, ouabain-sensitive α(2) Na(+) pumps, and angiotensin II (ANG II). The EO increases (e.g.) hypothalamic ANG-II type-1 receptor and NADPH oxidase and decreases neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein expression. The aldosterone-epithelial Na(+) channel-EO-α(2) Na(+) pump-ANG-II pathway modulates the activity of brain cardiovascular control centers that regulate the BP set point and induce sustained changes in SNA. In the periphery, the EO secreted by the adrenal cortex directly enhances vasoconstriction via an EO-α(2) Na(+) pump-Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger-Ca(2+) signaling pathway. Circulating EO also activates an EO-α(2) Na(+) pump-Src kinase signaling cascade. This increases the expression of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger-transient receptor potential cation channel Ca(2+) signaling pathway in arterial smooth muscle but decreases the expression of endothelial vasodilator mechanisms. Additionally, EO is a growth factor and may directly participate in the arterial structural remodeling and lumen narrowing that is frequently observed in established hypertension. These several central and peripheral mechanisms are coordinated, in part by EO, to effect and maintain the salt-induced elevation of BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mordecai P Blaustein
- Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Padilha A, Salaices M, Vassallo D, Batista P, Siman F. Hypertensive effects of the iv administration of picomoles of ouabain. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:933-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D.V. Vassallo
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brasil; Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Brasil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sukumaran V, Watanabe K, Veeraveedu PT, Thandavarayan RA, Gurusamy N, Ma M, Yamaguchi K, Suzuki K, Kodama M, Aizawa Y. Beneficial effects of olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist, in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:1338-46. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Favorable effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on patients with ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have already been suggested by several human trials, but their effects on DCM remain unknown. Hence, we investigated the effect of olmesartan on myocardial remodeling in a rat model in which myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) might develop into DCM. EAM was elicited in Lewis rats by immunization with cardiac myosin, and 28 d after immunization, the surviving Lewis rats were divided into two groups and treated with either olmesartan (10 mg/kg/d) or vehicle. Age-matched normal rats without immunizations were also used. After four weeks of treatment, we investigated the effects of olmesartan on cardiac function, inflammatory cytokines and cardiac remodeling in EAM rats. Myocardial functional parameters measured by hemodynamic and echocardiographic analyses were significantly improved by the treatment with olmesartan compared with those of vehicle-treated rats. Olmesartan significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis as well as hypertrophy and its molecular markers (left ventricular [LV] mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor beta1, collagen-I and -III, and atrial natriuretic peptide) compared with those of vehicle-treated rats. Increased myocardial mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9) were also suppressed by the treatment with olmesartan in rats with DCM. Further, the plasma level of angiotensin II was significantly increased in olmesartan-treated rats. These findings demonstrate that olmesartan treatment significantly improved LV function and ameliorated the progression of cardiac remodeling in rats with DCM after EAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Sukumaran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603
| | - Punniyakoti T Veeraveedu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603
- Department of Biomedical Optics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meilei Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603
| | | | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510
| | - Makoto Kodama
- First Department of Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshifusa Aizawa
- First Department of Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Time-dependent increases in ouabain-sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase activity in aortas from diabetic rats: The role of prostanoids and protein kinase C. Life Sci 2010; 87:302-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Chronic ouabain treatment exacerbates blood pressure elevation in spontaneously hypertensive rats: the role of vascular mechanisms. J Hypertens 2009; 27:1233-42. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32832a391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the endothelium-dependent antivasoconstriction of puerarin in rat aorta. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 379:587-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Fürstenau CR, Trentin DDS, Gossenheimer AN, Ramos DB, Casali EA, Barreto-Chaves MLM, Sarkis JJF. Ectonucleotidase activities are altered in serum and platelets of L-NAME-treated rats. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2008; 41:223-9. [PMID: 18559295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that hypertension is closely associated to the development of vascular diseases and that the inhibition of nitric oxide biosynthesis by administration of Nomega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(L-NAME) leads to arterial hypertension. In the vascular system, extracellular purines mediate several effects;thus, ADP is the most important platelet agonist and recruiting ag ent, while adenosine, an end product of nucleotide metabolism, is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet activation and recruitment. Members of several families of enzymes, known as ectonucleotidases, including E-NTPDases (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase), E-NPP (ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase) and 5'-nucleotidase are able to hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides until their respective nucleosides. We investigated the ectonucleotidase activities of serum and platelets from rats made hypertensive by oral administration of L-NAME (30 mg/kg/day for 14 days or 30 mg/kg/day for 14 days plus 7 days of L-NAME washout, in the drinking water) in comparison to normotensive control rats. L-NAME promoted a significant rise in systolic blood pressure from 112 +/- 9.8 to 158 +/- 23 mmHg. The left ventricle weight index (LVWI) was increased in rats treated with L-NAME for 14 days when compared to control animals. In serum samples, ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis were reduced by about 27%, 36% and 27%, respectively. In platelets, the decrease in ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis was approximately 27%, 24% and 32%, respectively. All parameters recovered after 7 days of L-NAME washout. HPLC demonstrated a reduction in ADP, AMP and hypoxanthine levels by about 64%, 69% and 87%,respectively. In this study, we showed that ectonucleotidase activities are decreased in serum and platelets from L-NAME-treated rats, which should represent an additional risk for the development of hypertension. The modulation of ectonucleotidase activities may represent an approach to antihypertensive therapy via inhibition of spontaneous platelet activation and recruitment, as well as thrombus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ribas Fürstenau
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim MJ, Kwon JS, Suh SH, Suh JK, Jung J, Lee SN, Kim YH, Cho MC, Oh GT, Lee K. Transgenic overexpression of translationally controlled tumor protein induces systemic hypertension via repression of Na+,K+-ATPase. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 44:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Kawano H, Tsuneto A, Koide Y, Tasaki H, Sueyoshi E, Sakamoto I, Hayashi T. Magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy. Intern Med 2008; 47:97-102. [PMID: 18195498 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of heart failure that affects women late in pregnancy or early in peripartum. The present report describes a case of a patient with PPCM demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with late gadolinium enhancement of the left ventricle (LV). The late gadolinium enhancement of MRI improved associated with recovery of cardiac function. Endomyocardial biopsy showed mild cell infiltration and fibrosis. Thus, MRI may be useful for the evaluation of myocardial damage and to predict the outcome of PPCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kawano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Javorková V, Vlkovicova J, Kunes J, Pechanova O, Zicha J, Vrbjar N. Effect of maturation on renal Na+/K+-atpase and its susceptibility to nitric oxide-deficient hypertension in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 34:617-23. [PMID: 17581218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. The present study deals with the effect of maturation on the kinetic properties of renal Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and its susceptibility to nitric oxide (NO)-deficient hypertension induced by the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). 2. Immature (4-week-old) and adult (12-week-old) male Wistar rats were administered L-NAME (40 mg/kg per day) in their drinking water for 4 weeks. 3. The properties of the ATP- and Na(+)-binding sites of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase were investigated by activation of the enzyme with increasing concentrations of the energy substrate ATP and/or cofactor Na(+). Unchanged values of K(m) suggest that energy utilization by the enzyme in the kidney of control rats remains unaffected during maturation. Conversely, the decrease in K(Na) values (the concentration of Na(+) necessary to achieve half-maximal reaction velocity) indicates improved affinity for Na(+) in the older group of control rats. 4. Application of L-NAME to all young animals had no significant effect on the functional properties of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. 5. In adult animals, the V(max) values remained unchanged after treatment with L-NAME, but the affinities of the ATP- and Na(+)-binding sites were decreased, as indicated by significant increase in K(m) and K(Na) values. 6. Maturation of control rats was accompanied by an increase in the Na(+) affinity of renal Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase without affecting ATP utilization. However, maturation increased the susceptibility of renal Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase to the harmful effects of L-NAME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Javorková
- Institute for Heart Research, Department of Biochemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schoner W, Scheiner-Bobis G. Endogenous and exogenous cardiac glycosides: their roles in hypertension, salt metabolism, and cell growth. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293:C509-36. [PMID: 17494630 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00098.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), long used to treat heart failure, are endogenously produced in mammals. Among them are the hydrophilic cardenolide ouabain and the more hydrophobic cardenolide digoxin, as well as the bufadienolides marinobufagenin and telecinobufagin. The physiological effects of endogenous ouabain on blood pressure and cardiac activity are consistent with the "Na(+)-lag" hypothesis. This hypothesis assumes that, in cardiac and arterial myocytes, a CTS-induced local increase of Na(+) concentration due to inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase leads to an increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) via a backward-running Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. The increase in [Ca(2+)](i) then activates muscle contraction. The Na(+)-lag hypothesis may best explain short-term and inotropic actions of CTS. Yet all data on the CTS-induced alteration of gene expression are consistent with another hypothesis, based on the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase "signalosome," that describes the interaction of cardiac glycosides with the Na(+) pump as machinery activating various signaling pathways via intramembrane and cytosolic protein-protein interactions. These pathways, which may be activated simultaneously or selectively, elevate [Ca(2+)](i), activate Src and the ERK1/2 kinase pathways, and activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B (Akt), NF-kappaB, and reactive oxygen species. A recent development indicates that new pharmaceuticals with antihypertensive and anticancer activities may be found among CTS and their derivatives: the antihypertensive rostafuroxin suppresses Na(+) resorption and the Src-epidermal growth factor receptor-ERK pathway in kidney tubule cells. It may be the parent compound of a new principle of antihypertensive therapy. Bufalin and oleandrin or the cardenolide analog UNBS-1450 block tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis at low concentrations in tumors with constitutive activation of NF-kappaB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Schoner
- Institut für Biochemie und Endokrinologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Str 100, Giessen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tubek S. Role of zinc in regulation of arterial blood pressure and in the etiopathogenesis of arterial hypertension. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 117:39-51. [PMID: 17873391 DOI: 10.1007/bf02698082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased gastrointestinal absorption and urinary excretion of zinc has been confirmed in experimental and clinical studies on primary arterial hypertension as a result from changes of intracellular and extracellular zinc content. In arterial hypertension, the levels of zinc in serum, lymphocyte, and bone decrease while increasing in heart, erythrocytes, kidney, liver, suprarenal glands and spleen. These changes result in the loss of zinc homeostasis that leads to various degrees of deficiency, not entirely compensated by nutritional factors or increased absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Loss of zinc homeostasis can be both cause and effect of high blood pressure. In the present review, the role of zinc metabolism changes and its mechanisms in arterial hypertension are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Tubek
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Institute of Technology, Opole, and Clinic of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Wrocław, Prószkowska Str. 70, Opole, 45-758, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tubek S. Zinc ions efflux from lymphocytes in vitro in the presence of a calcium and magnesium ionic environment and its changes following administration of verapamil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 117:15-21. [PMID: 17873389 DOI: 10.1007/bf02698080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The total and ouabain-dependent rate constants of efflux of zinc (Zn) ions from lymphocytes isolated from healthy subjects were measured in vitro in an environment containing calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions. Both the total (ERCt-Zn) and ouabain-dependent (ERCos-Zn) rate constants were higher in the presence of Mg2+, with the the oubain-dependent efflux significantly different 0.29+/-0.07 vs 0.13+/-0.02 with and without Mg2+, respectively (p<0.001). After the addition of verapamil, an increase of ERCE-Zn was observed in both ionic environments and was higher and statistically significant in the presence of Mg2+: 1.94+/-0.64 vs 2.97+/-1.16 (p<0.025). These results suggest that verapamil has an enhancing effect on Zn efflux from isolated lymphocytes, suggesting that calcium channel blockers might result in better Zn homeostatic regulation in diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Tubek
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Institute of Technology, and Clinic of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Wrocław, Prószkowska Street 76, Opole, 45-758, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides have been used for decades to treat congestive heart failure. The recent identification of cardiotonic steroids such as ouabain, digoxin, marinobufagenin, and telocinobufagin in blood plasma, adrenal glands, and hypothalamus of mammals led to exciting new perspectives in the pathology of heart failure and arterial hypertension. Biosynthesis of ouabain and digoxin occurs in adrenal glands and is under the control of angiotensin II, endothelin, and epinephrine released from cells of the midbrain upon stimulation of brain areas sensing cerebrospinal Na(+) concentration and, apparently, the body's K(+) content. Rapid changes of endogenous ouabain upon physical exercise may favor the economy of the heart by a rise of intracellular Ca(2)(+) levels in cardiac and atrial muscle cells. According to the sodium pump lag hypothesis, this may be accomplished by partial inhibition of the sodium pump and Ca(2+) influx via the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger working in reverse mode or via activation of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase signalosome complex, generating intracellular calcium oscillations, reactive oxygen species, and gene activation via nuclear factor-kappaB or extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. Elevated concentrations of endogenous ouabain and marinobufagenin in the subnanomolar concentration range were found to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of cardiac and smooth muscle cells. They may have a primary role in the development of cardiac dysfunction and failure because (i) offspring of hypertensive patients evidently inherit elevated plasma concentrations of endogenous ouabain; (ii) such elevated concentrations correlate positively with cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and arterial hypertension; (iii) about 40% of Europeans with uncomplicated essential hypertension show increased concentrations of endogenous ouabain associated with reduced heart rate and cardiac hypertrophy; (iv) in patients with advanced arterial hypertension, circulating levels of endogenous ouabain correlate with BP and total peripheral resistance; (v) among patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, high circulating levels of endogenous ouabain and marinobufagenin identify those individuals who are predisposed to progressing more rapidly to heart failure, suggesting that endogenous ouabain (and marinobufagenin) may contribute to toxicity upon digoxin therapy. In contrast to endogenous ouabain, endogenous marinobufagenin may act as a natriuretic substance as well. It shows a higher affinity for the ouabain-insensitive alpha(1) isoform of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase of rat kidney tubular cells and its levels are increased in volume expansion and pre-eclampsia. Digoxin, which is synthesized in adrenal glands, seems to counteract the hypertensinogenic action of ouabain in rats, as do antibodies against ouabain, for example, (Digibind) and rostafuroxin (PST 2238), a selective ouabain antagonist. It lowers BP in ouabain- and adducin-dependent hypertension in rats and is a promising new class of antihypertensive medication in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Schoner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Endocrinology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Valenzuela F, García-Saisó S, Lemini C, Ramírez-Solares R, Vidrio H, Mendoza-Fernández V. Metamizol acts as an ATP sensitive potassium channel opener to inhibit the contracting response induced by angiotensin II but not to norepinephrine in rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle. Vascul Pharmacol 2006; 43:120-7. [PMID: 15958287 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinically metamizol (MZ) has been related to alteration on haemodynamic parameters and modifications on blood pressure in humans when administered intravenously. These effects have been observed at MZ therapeutic doses. Experimentally, MZ is able to induce relaxation on several types of vascular smooth muscles and modulates the contraction induced by phenylephrine. However, the mechanism underlying the MZ effects on vascular reactivity is not clear. Potassium channels (K) present on vascular smooth muscle cells closely regulate the vascular reactivity and membrane potential. There are four described types of K in vascular tissue: K voltage sensitive (K(V)), K calcium sensitive (K(Ca)2+), K ATP sensitive (K(ATP) and K inward rectification (K(IR), voltage sensitive). The aim of this work was to investigate MZ effects on angiotensin II (AT II) and noradrenaline (NA) induced contraction and to evaluate the K participation on MZ modulating effect on vascular smooth muscle contraction, using isometric and patch clamp techniques. MZ induces relaxation in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, MZ strongly inhibits in a concentration dependent fashion the contraction induced by AT II. However, MZ inhibition on NA induced contraction was moderated compared with that observed on AT II. MZ effects on AT II induced contraction was blocked by glybenclamide (a specific K(ATP) blocker, 3 microM, *p < 0.01). In patch clamp experiments, MZ (3 mM) induces an increase on potassium current (K+) mediated by K(ATP) in similar way as diazoxide (a specific K(ATP) opener, 3 microM). Our results suggest that MZ induces relaxation and inhibits contraction induced by AT II acting as a K(ATP) opener.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fermín Valenzuela
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, México D.F., México
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kasselman LJ, Sideris A, Bruno C, Perez WR, Cai N, Nicoletti JN, Wiegand SJ, Croll SD. BDNF: a missing link between sympathetic dysfunction and inflammatory disease? J Neuroimmunol 2006; 175:118-27. [PMID: 16631934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 03/12/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a role in sympathetic neuron integrity and survival. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) also has trophic effects on sympathetic neurons. We report here the serendipitous finding that co-treatment of hippocampus with BDNF and the NGF antagonist TrkA-Fc leads to perivascular inflammation and marked vasoconstriction. This effect is not observed with either reagent alone or in combination with other control proteins. Because NGF supports sympathetic neuron health, we tested the hypothesis that BDNF combined with sympathetic compromise caused this effect. Superior cervical ganglia were removed bilaterally with concurrent BDNF infusion into hippocampus. Perivascular inflammation was observed at 3 days, but not 12 days post treatment, when sympathetic terminals had receded, suggesting that the presence of these terminals was necessary for inflammation. Since sympathetic dysfunction may lead to compensatory overactivity of norepinephrine (NE) signaling, we co-infused BDNF with NE in the hippocampus and observed perivascular inflammation. In humans, sympathetic overactivity has been reported in a variety of vascular diseases. Some of these diseases, e.g. primary Raynaud's, are not accompanied by serious inflammatory disease whereas others, such as scleroderma and systemic lupus, are. We speculate that BDNF may contribute to the transformation of sympathetic dysfunction to inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lora J Kasselman
- Neuropsychology Doctoral Subprogram, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Preti SC, da Cunha V, Vassallo DV, Stefanon I. The Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic, Tempol, Reduces the Bioavailability of Nitric Oxide and does not Alter L-NAME-Induced Hypertension in Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2005; 97:29-34. [PMID: 15943756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_97105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
L-NAME-induced hypertension is characterized by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. We have investigated if tempol, an agent mimicking superoxide dismutase might reduce hypertension and the increased vascular reactivity to pressor agents. Rats were divided into: Control, animals receiving L-NAME 50 mg kg(-1)day(-1), tempol 200 mg kg(-1)day(-1) and tempol plus L-NAME. Drugs were administrated in the drinking water for seven days. L-NAME increased mean arterial blood pressure (Control: 108+/-3 mmHg versus L-NAME 181+/-5 mmHg; P<0.05). Tempol did not change arterial pressure and heart rate in L-NAME and Control groups. The reactivity to phenylephrine increased in the L-NAME group (E(max) Control: 2.00+/-0.15 g versus L-NAME: 2.45+/-0.14 g); tempol+L-NAME (E(max): 2.55+/-0.15 g) and in the tempol group (E(max): 2.57+/-0.14 g). Maximal relaxation induced by acetylcholine was reduced in L-NAME group (60.9+/-3%) and tempol+L-NAME (37.4+/-6%) compared to Control (99.1+/-0.12%) and tempol groups (95.6+/-2.12%). All treated groups presented a reduction in the effects of L-NAME administration on basal vascular tone. Our results show that tempol, in the dose used in this study, did not change the effects of L-NAME on blood pressure which suggests that tempol reduces bioavailability of nitric oxide on aortic isolated ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio César Preti
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tachikawa H, Kodama M, Watanabe K, Takahashi T, Ma M, Kashimura T, Ito M, Hirono S, Okura Y, Kato K, Hanawa H, Aizawa Y. Amiodarone improves cardiac sympathetic nerve function to hold norepinephrine in the heart, prevents left ventricular remodeling, and improves cardiac function in rat dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2005; 111:894-9. [PMID: 15710769 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000155610.49706.d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear how amiodarone therapy exerts its effects on left ventricular remodeling and cardiac sympathetic nerve function in chronic heart failure. We investigated long-term effects of amiodarone on rat dilated cardiomyopathy after healing of cardiac myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were treated with oral amiodarone or vehicle for 6 weeks. We determined cardiac function, left ventricular remodeling, and cardiac sympathetic nerve function with iodine-125-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine ([I125]MIBG). Amiodarone treatment improved left ventricular pressure, central venous pressure, and rate of isovolumetric contraction and decreased ventricular weight (P<0.005). Expression of cytokine mRNA was unchanged; expression of atrial natriuretic peptide, collagen III, and transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA was decreased in amiodarone-treated rats (P<0.05). Phenotype of myosin heavy chain was moved toward that of normal rats by amiodarone. Initial myocardial uptake of MIBG decreased by 67% (P<0.001) and washout rate accelerated by 221% in rats with chronic heart failure compared with normal rats. Whereas amiodarone decreased the initial uptake by 71% in normal rats, amiodarone decelerated the early washout and the late washout and improved the late myocardial distribution of MIBG in rats with chronic heart failure (257% compared with vehicle-treated rats with chronic heart failure; P<0.01). In proportion to MIBG distributions, cardiac tissue catecholamines were increased by amiodarone treatment. CONCLUSIONS Long-term amiodarone treatment prevented left ventricular remodeling and improved cardiac function in rat dilated cardiomyopathy. Long-term amiodarone treatment also restored cardiac sympathetic tone to hold norepinephrine in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tachikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi 1-754, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Padilha AS, Rossoni LV, Xavier FE, Vassallo DV. Ouabain at Nanomolar Concentration Promotes Synthesis and Release of Angiotensin II from the Endothelium of the Tail Vascular Bed of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004; 44:372-80. [PMID: 15475836 DOI: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000138165.96364.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 1 nM ouabain (OUA) on the contractile actions of phenylephrine (PHE, 0.001-100 microg) and functional activity of the sodium pump (NKA) in isolated-perfused tail vascular beds from WKY and SHR were investigated. In preparations from SHR, perfusion with OUA in the presence of endothelium (E+) increased the sensitivity (pED50) of PHE (before: 2.14 +/- 0.06 versus after: 2.47 +/- 0.07; P < 0.05) without altering the maximal response (Emax). After endothelial damage, OUA reduced the Emax of PHE in SHR (before: 350 +/- 29 versus after: 293 +/- 25 mm Hg; P < 0.05). In SHR/E+, pretreatment with losartan (10 microM) or enalaprilat (1 microM) prevented the increased sensitivity to PHE induced by OUA. OUA increased NKA activity in SHR/E+ (before: 45 +/- 6 versus after: 58 +/- 5%, P < 0.05). Losartan (10 mg/Kg, i.v.) also abolished the increment in systolic and diastolic blood pressure induced by OUA (0.18 microg/Kg, i.v.) in anesthetized SHR. OUA did not alter the actions of PHE in either anesthetized WKY rats or vascular preparations. Results suggest that 1 nM OUA increased the vascular reactivity to PHE only in SHR/E+. This effect is mediated by OUA-induced activation of endothelial angiotensin converting enzyme that promotes the local formation of angiotensin II, which sensitizes the vascular smooth muscle to the actions of PHE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Simão Padilha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kodama M, Tachikawa H, Kashimura T, Hayashi M, Yoshida T, Hanawa H, Aizawa Y, Nakazawa M, Watanabe K. [Effects of humoral factors on left ventricular remodeling under chronic heart failure]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2004; 123:63-70. [PMID: 14745125 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.123.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a slowly progressive disease. Hemodynamic deterioration activates various neuro-humoral factors and increases stresses, such as catecholamine, angiotensin II (AII), cytokines, endothelin, wall stress, ischemia, tachycardia, and oxidative stress. These factors affect the myocardium to cause phenotype switching, leading to ventricular remodeling. We investigated the effects of pharmacological blocking for neuro-humoral factors in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) was elicited in Lewis rats by immunization with cardiac myosin. After acute inflammation healed, rats were treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), type 1 AII receptor blockers, and amiodarone. These agents had favorable effects on hemodynamics and myocardial contractility, prevented fibrosis, suppressed the expression of ANP, and reversed phenotypic change of cardiac myosin. AII receptor blockers were less effective than ACEI. In order to prevent ventricular remodeling in chronic heart failure, wide and complete blocking of neuro-humoral factors is important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kodama
- Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
dos Santos L, Xavier FE, Vassallo DV, Rossoni LV. Cyclooxygenase pathway is involved in the vascular reactivity and inhibition of the Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the tail artery from L-NAME-treated rats. Life Sci 2003; 74:613-27. [PMID: 14623032 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
L-NAME (LN) induces hypertension by blocking nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. It produces vascular hyperreactivity to phenylephrine (PHE) associated with a reduced vascular Na+, K+-ATPase activity. The aim of this work was to investigate whether products of the cyclooxygenase pathway are involved in alterations of vascular reactivity and Na+-pump activity in the tail artery from LN-induced hypertension rats. Four groups of rats were used: Control (CT, normotensive), LN (50 mg/kg/day, hypertensive), indomethacin (Indo-4 mg/kg/day, normotensive), and LN plus Indo (LN + Indo, partially prevented hypertension). All drugs were administered in drinking water during 7 days. In isolated rat tail vascular beds; the reactivity to PHE, acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the functional activity of the Na+, K+-ATPase (K+-induced relaxation) and the modulation of PHE-induced vasoconstriction by constitutively available NO were evaluated. LN increased vascular sensitivity (pD2) and reactivity (Emax) to PHE and Indo blocked the effect of LN on Emax without changing pD2. Emax and pD2 values for ACh were reduced by LN and partially reverted by Indo. SNP-induced vasodilatation was similar in all groups. LN reduced the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase and Indo prevented LN effects. LN also abolished NO ability to modulate PHE-induced contractions. This effect was partially prevented by Indo suggesting that products from the cyclooxygenase pathway might reduce NO actions. Indo itself did not affect vascular reactivity to PHE, ACh or SNP or the Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Results suggested that products from cyclooxygenase pathway are involved in the genesis or maintenance of LN-induced hypertension, playing a role in the increased vascular reactivity, in the reduction of the endothelium-dependent relaxation and in the inhibition of the functional activity of the Na+, K+-ATPase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|