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Kameshima S, Nakamura Y, Uehara K, Kodama T, Yamawaki H, Nishi K, Okano S, Niijima R, Kimura Y, Itoh N. Effects of a Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator Riociguat on Contractility of Isolated Pulmonary Artery and Hemodynamics of U46619-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020159. [PMID: 36851463 PMCID: PMC9960282 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator riociguat is a relatively novel therapeutic agent for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in human medicine. Riociguat induces endothelium-independent pulmonary artery (PA) relaxation by directly activating the sGC-cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in muscle cells. Although riociguat may be effective in the treatment of dogs with refractory PH, basic studies on its clinical application in veterinary medicine are lacking. The present study aimed to explore the effects of riociguat on the contractility of an isolated canine PA and the hemodynamics of dogs with acute PH. In an isolated endothelium-denuded canine PA, the effects of riociguat on endothelin (ET)-1-induced contraction and cGMP levels were investigated using the Magnus method and ELISA, respectively. The effect of riociguat on the hemodynamics of the thromboxane A2 analog U46619-induced PH model dog was examined by invasive catheterization. Riociguat increased cGMP levels and reduced ET-1-induced contraction of the isolated PA. Riociguat inhibited the U46619-induced elevation of PA pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance and increased cardiac output, but it had no effect on basal systemic blood pressure. These results demonstrate for the first time that riociguat can inhibit the elevation of PA pressure through PA relaxation via an endothelium-independent increase in cGMP in dogs with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kameshima
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-176-23-4371
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kenji Uehara
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kodama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery 2, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shozo Okano
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery 2, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryo Niijima
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yuya Kimura
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Itoh
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
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Kellihan HB, Stepien RL. Pulmonary hypertension in canine degenerative mitral valve disease. J Vet Cardiol 2012; 14:149-64. [PMID: 22364721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease has been recognized clinically for many years in veterinary medicine, and clinical diagnosis of this syndrome in dogs has been enhanced greatly by widespread use of echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography. Medical therapy is now available to treat this clinical complication of mitral valve disease, making timely diagnosis even more important to patient longevity and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi B Kellihan
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Dai ZK, Wu BN, Chen IC, Chai CY, Wu JR, Chou SH, Yeh JL, Chen IJ, Tan MS. Attenuation of pulmonary hypertension secondary to left ventricular dysfunction in the rat by Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil. Pediatr Pulmonol 2011; 46:45-59. [PMID: 20717937 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in left ventricular dysfunction is attributable not only to backward failure of the left ventricle, but also to increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in some patients. Recently, Rho-kinase has been known as a potent growth stimulator and mediator of vasoconstriction, and Rho-kinase inhibitors could ameliorate PVR, little is known about the role of Rho-kinase in left ventricular dysfunction-induced PH. We utilized the ascending aortic-banded rat and assessed the effect of Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil on the development of PH secondary to left ventricular dysfunction. Subsequently, in rats subjected to aortic banding for 6 weeks, there were increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arteriolar medial thickness, active RhoA, Rho-kinase II, Rho-kinase activity, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelin-1(ET-1) concomitant with decreased levels in NO and cGMP in the lung. Treatment with fasudil at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day from days 1 to 28 or from days 29 to 42 decreased the mean pulmonary arterial pressure by 57% and 56%, right ventricular hypertrophy by 31% and 30%, pulmonary arteriolar medial thickness by 50% and 50%, and pulmonary expression of Rho-kinase II by 41% and 28%, respectively, as well as augmented pulmonary expression of eNOS by 16% and 31% and NO by 50% and 76%, respectively, when compared with the vehicle controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that inhibition of Rho-kinase may provide therapeutic potential for preventing and attenuating the development of PH in left ventricular dysfunction. Further translational study in human is needed to substantiate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Dai ZK, Hsieh CC, Chai CY, Wu JR, Jeng AY, Chou SH, Wu BN, Yeh JL, Chen IJ, Tan MS. Protective effects of a dual endothelin converting enzyme/neutral endopeptidase inhibitor on the development of pulmonary hypertension secondary to cardiac dysfunction in the rat. Pediatr Pulmonol 2010; 45:1076-85. [PMID: 20658482 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1 interact to regulate the vascular tone in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We investigated the protective effects of an orally active, dual endothelin converting enzyme (ECE)/neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor/CGS 26393 on pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary expressions of ET-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) during the development of PH secondary to cardiac dysfunction. Significant increases in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arteriolar medial thickness, and pulmonary expression of ET-1 were seen in rats subjected to aortic banding for 4 weeks, compared with sham-operated rats. Treatment with CGS 26393 (30 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o.) began on 1 day after aortic banding. CGS 26393 treated rats had lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure (15 ± 1 mmHg, mean ± SEM, P < 0.05) compared to vehicle-treated rats (37 ± 1 mmHg). It also normalized pulmonary arteriolar medial thickness and reduced the levels of pulmonary ET-1 and big ET-1 by 55% (P < 0.05) and 28% (P < 0.01), respectively, when compared with vehicle-treated animals. Meanwhile, the expressions of eNOS mRNA and eNOS protein and cGMP levels in the lung of CGS 26393-treated rats were increased by 62% (P < 0.05), 100% (P < 0.05), and 32% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the vehicle-treated rats. These results suggest that CGS 26393 could offer preventive effects on the development of PH by ameliorating pulmonary remodeling, decreasing ET-1 production, and up-regulating eNOS and cGMP in aorta-banded rats. However, the molecular mechanisms by which treatment with CGS 26393 results in altered expressions of eNOS and cGMP awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Tedford RJ, Hemnes AR, Russell SD, Wittstein IS, Mahmud M, Zaiman AL, Mathai SC, Thiemann DR, Hassoun PM, Girgis RE, Orens JB, Shah AS, Yuh D, Conte JV, Champion HC. PDE5A inhibitor treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension after mechanical circulatory support. Circ Heart Fail 2009; 1:213-9. [PMID: 19808294 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.108.796789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to left heart failure portends a poor prognosis and is a relative contraindication to heart transplantation at many centers. We tested the hypothesis that when PH persists after adequate left ventricle unloading via recent left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy, phosphodiesterase type 5A inhibition would decrease PH in this population. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed an open-label clinical trial using control patients not receiving therapy. Between 1999 and 2007, 138 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac transplantation evaluation with advanced left ventricular dysfunction, an elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and PH (defined by a pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) >3 Woods Units), were treated with LVAD therapy. Fifty-eight of these patients reduced their pulmonary capillary wedge pressure to a value <15 mm Hg (11.8+/-2.0 mm Hg from baseline 23.2+/-6.2 mm Hg) 1 to 2 weeks after LVAD implantation, but despite this improvement, the PVR of these patients was only minimally affected (5.65+/-3.00 to 5.39+/-1.78 Wood Units). Twenty-six consecutive patients from this group with persistently elevated PVR were started on oral phosphodiesterase type 5A inhibition with sildenafil and titrated to an average of dose of 51.9 mg by mouth 3 times per day. The average PVR in the sildenafil-treated group fell from 5.87+/-1.93 to 2.96+/-0.92 Wood Units (P<0.001) and the mean pulmonary artery pressure fell from 36.5+/-8.6 to 24.3+/-3.6 mm Hg (P<0.0001) and was significantly lower when compared with the 32 LVAD recipients not receiving sildenafil at weeks 12 to 15 after the initial post-LVAD hemodynamic measurements (13 to 17 weeks post-LVAD implantation). In addition, hemodynamic measurements of right ventricular function in sildenafil-treated patients was also improved compared with patients not receiving sildenafil. CONCLUSIONS In patients with persistent PH after recent LVAD placement, phosphodiesterase type 5A inhibition in this open-label trial resulted in a significant decrease in PVR when compared with control patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Tedford
- Divisions of Cardiology and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Stepien RL. Pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to chronic left-sided cardiac dysfunction in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2009; 50 Suppl 1:34-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Control of pulmonary vascular tone during exercise in health and pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 119:242-63. [PMID: 18586325 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of the pulmonary circulation as a determinant of exercise capacity in health and disease, studies into the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone in the healthy lung during exercise are scarce. This review describes the current knowledge of the role of various endogenous vasoactive mechanisms in the control of pulmonary vascular tone at rest and during exercise. Recent studies demonstrate an important role for endothelial factors (NO and endothelin) and neurohumoral factors (noradrenaline, acetylcholine). Moreover, there is evidence that natriuretic peptides, reactive oxygen species and phosphodiesterase activity can influence resting pulmonary vascular tone, but their role in the control of pulmonary vascular tone during exercise remains to be determined. K-channels are purported end-effectors in control of pulmonary vascular tone. However, K(ATP) channels do not contribute to regulation of pulmonary vascular tone, while the role of K(V) and K(Ca) channels at rest and during exercise remains to be determined. Pulmonary hypertension is associated with alterations in pulmonary vascular function and structure, resulting in blunted pulmonary vasodilatation during exercise and impaired exercise capacity. Although there is a paucity of studies pertaining to the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone during exercise in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, the few studies that have been performed in models of pulmonary hypertension secondary to left ventricular dysfunction suggest altered control of pulmonary vascular tone during exercise. Since the increased pulmonary vascular tone during exercise limits exercise capacity, future studies are needed to investigate the vasomotor mechanisms that are responsible for the blunted exercise-induced pulmonary vasodilatation in pulmonary hypertension.
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Stehlik J, Movsesian MA. Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3 and 5 as therapeutic agents in heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 15:733-42. [PMID: 16787138 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.7.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) 3 and 5 regulate cAMP and cGMP signalling in cardiac and smooth muscle myocytes. Important advances in the understanding of the roles of these enzymes have recently been made. PDE3 inhibitors have inotropic and vasodilatory properties, and although they acutely improve haemodynamics in patients with heart failure, they do not improve long-term morbidity and mortality. Although combination therapy with beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists or selective inhibition of specific PDE3 isoforms might result in a more favourable long-term outcome, more clinical data are needed to test this proposition. The role of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of cardiac disease is evolving. PDE5 inhibitors cause pulmonary and systemic vasodilation. How these drugs will compare with other vasodilators in terms of long-term outcomes in patients with heart failure is unknown. Recent studies also suggest that PDE5 inhibitors may have antihypertropic effects, exerted through increased myocardial cGMP signalling, that could be of additional benefit in patients with heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/antagonists & inhibitors
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/classification
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/physiology
- 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/antagonists & inhibitors
- 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/classification
- 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/physiology
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/drug therapy
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/enzymology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/prevention & control
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use
- Coronary Circulation/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Drugs, Investigational/pharmacology
- Drugs, Investigational/therapeutic use
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Forecasting
- Half-Life
- Heart Failure/complications
- Heart Failure/drug therapy
- Heart Failure/enzymology
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isoenzymes/physiology
- Multicenter Studies as Topic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Prospective Studies
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pulmonary Circulation/drug effects
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Rats
- Treatment Outcome
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
- Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Stehlik
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, 500 Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City, UT 84117, USA.
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Serres F, Nicolle AP, Tissier R, Gouni V, Pouchelon JL, Chetboul V. Efficacy of Oral Tadalafil, a New Long-acting Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor, for the Short-term Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in a Dog. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 53:129-33. [PMID: 16533328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Systolic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was diagnosed in a 15-year-old intact male Yorkshire terrier presented for progressive dyspnoea and coughing. Several examinations were performed (thoracic radiographs, faecal analysis, heartworm antigen test, tracheal fluoroscopy, abdominal ultrasound, complete blood cell count, urine and serum biochemistry) but the PAH remained of unknown origin. Despite medical treatment (diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor), cardiovascular and respiratory signs dramatically worsened over a 1-month period, with several daily syncope, cyanosis and tachypnoea at rest requiring permanent oxygen therapy. Oral tadalafil (Cialis), a new long-acting phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, belonging to the same family as sildenafil (Viagra), was added to the background therapy. The condition of the dog improved quickly (< 24 h), and short-term follow up (7 days) showed a decrease in systolic pulmonary arterial pressure up to 26 mmHg concomitant with the disappearance of all respiratory and cardiac signs of PAH (cyanosis, syncope and tachypnoea). This case is of interest because it concerns the first reported short-term use of tadalafil in canine PAH. However, long-term studies with a large number of diseased animals are now required before prescription by general practitioners could be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Serres
- Unité pédagogique de Médecine, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94 704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
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