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Lopez-Garzon M, Canta A, Chiorazzi A, Alberti P. Gait analysis in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity rodent models. Brain Res Bull 2023; 203:110769. [PMID: 37748696 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Gait analysis could be used in animal models as an indicator of sensory ataxia due to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN). Over the years, gait analysis in in vivo studies has evolved from simple observations carried out by a trained operator to computerised systems with machine learning that allow the quantification of any variable of interest and the establishment of algorithms for behavioural classification. However, there is not a consensus on gait analysis use in CIPN animal models; therefore, we carried out a systematic review. Of 987 potentially relevant studies, 14 were included, in which different methods were analysed (observation, footprint and CatWalk™). We presented the state-of-the-art of possible approaches to analyse sensory ataxia in rodent models, addressing advantages and disadvantages of different methods available. Semi-automated methods may be of interest when preventive or therapeutic strategies are evaluated, also considering their methodological simplicity and automaticity; up to now, only CatWalk™ analysis has been tested. Future studies should expect that CIPN-affected animals tend to reduce hind paw support due to pain, allodynia or loss of sensation, and an increase in swing phase could or should be observed. Few available studies documented these impairments at the last time point, and only appeared later on respect to other earlier signs of CIPN (such as altered neurophysiological findings). For that reason, gait impairment could be interpreted as late repercussions of loss of sensory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopez-Garzon
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; A02-Cuídate, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Unit of Excellence On Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Center (IMUDs), Granada, Spain
| | - Annalisa Canta
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Chiorazzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Alberti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for neuroscience), Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
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Brenna CTA, Khan S, Katznelson R, Brull R. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of perioperative peripheral nerve injury: a scoping review of the literature. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2022:rapm-2022-104113. [PMID: 36418044 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background/importancePeripheral nerve injury is an uncommon but potentially catastrophic complication of anesthesia and surgery, for which there are limited effective treatment options. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a unique medical intervention which improves tissue oxygen delivery and reduces ischemia via exposure to oxygen at supra-atmospheric partial pressures. While the application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been evidenced for other medical conditions involving relative tissue ischemia, its role in the management of peripheral nerve injury remains unclear.ObjectiveThis scoping review seeks to characterize rehabilitative outcomes when hyperbaric oxygen therapy is applied as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of perioperative peripheral nerve injury.Evidence reviewThe review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines for scoping reviews, using a systematic screening and extraction process. The search included articles published from database inception until June 11, 2022, which reported clinical outcomes (in both human and non-human models) of peripheral nerve injury treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy.FindingsA total of 51 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. These consisted of animal (40) and human studies (11) treating peripheral nerve injury due to various physiological insults. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy protocols were highly heterogenous and applied at both early and late intervals relative to the time of peripheral nerve injury. Overall, hyperbaric oxygen therapy was reported as beneficial in 88% (45/51) of included studies (82% of human studies and 90% of animal studies), improving nerve regeneration and/or time to recovery with no reported major adverse events.ConclusionsExisting data suggest that hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a promising intervention in the management of perioperative peripheral nerve injury, in which tissue ischemia is the most common underlying mechanism of injury, neurological deficits are severe, and treatment options are sparse. This positive signal should be further investigated in prospective randomized clinical trials.
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BARROS THIAGOFELIPEDOSSANTOS, PAULOS RENATAGREGORIO, IWASE FERNANDADOCARMO, SANTOS GUSTAVOBISPODOS, REZENDE MARCELOROSADE, MATTAR JÚNIOR RAMES. EFFECT OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY ON NERVE REGENERATION IN RATS. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2022; 30:e191015. [PMID: 35765575 PMCID: PMC9210508 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220223002191015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate histological changes in peripheral nerves of rats after sciatic
nerve neurorrhaphy, according to the time of exposure to hyperbaric oxygen
chamber treatment. Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups according to the amount
of exposure to hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatment. Group 1 was the control
and there was no use of hyperbaric oxygen chamber; group 2 received one week
of therapy; group 3, two weeks; group 4, three weeks; and group 5, four
weeks. After the fourth postoperative week, the animals were submitted to
euthanasia and a sciatic nerve sample sent for histological analysis. Axons
proximal and distal to the neurorrhaphy were counted with axonal
regeneration index measurement. Results: We observed that the number of axons distal to neurorrhaphy increases with
the amount of hyperbaric oxygen chamber exposure, the results were more
expressive from the third week of treatment. However, the statistical
analysis found no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The descriptive analysis suggests benefit of using hyperbaric oxygen chamber
directly proportional to the time of therapy. The study, however, did not
present statistically relevant results, probably due to the reduced sample
size. Subsequent studies with more significant sampling would be of great
value. Level of Evidence II, Prospective Comparative Study.
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He X, An W, Liu J. Effects of hypoxia on stemness, survival and angiogenic capacity of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1977725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizheng An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Stecker MM, Stevenson M. Hyperbaric oxygen pre-treatment impairs anoxic tolerance but improves hyperglycemic tolerance in peripheral nerve. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:910-920. [PMID: 26112083 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has suggested that treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) may change energy metabolism in the peripheral nerve, potentially resulting in improved tolerance to hyperglycemia and anoxia. In this paper, the in vitro rat sciatic nerve model was used to explore the effects of a single 90 min treatment with either 1 or 3 atmospheres of: oxygen, nitrogen or air on the ability of the peripheral nerve to tolerate intermittent anoxia or hyperglycemia. After this treatment, the nerve was placed in a perfusion system where the nerve action potential (NAP) was continuously recorded over the duration of a 16 h experiment. The amplitude, paired pulse response, velocity and duration of the NAP were used as markers of peripheral nerve function. The perfusate contained either 5 mmol/L or 55 mmol/L glucose and was either continuously oxygenated or intermittently replaced by an oxygen free solution of identical composition. HBO treatment primarily affected the amplitude and duration of the NAP. HBO improved the NAP in continuously oxygenated nerves exposed to the 55 mmol/L glucose perfusate but not the 5 mmol/L. However, it worsened the NAP in nerves exposed to intermittent anoxia and increased the rate at which the amplitude of the NAP declined during anoxia. Pressure had an effect on the NAP only for oxygen but not nitrogen or air. The effect of the HBO treatment persisted more than 1 h after the end of the treatment.
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Isaacs J, Friebe I, Mallu S, Bachman K. Neurotrophic effects of perfluorocarbon emulsion gel: a pilot study. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2011; 6:11. [PMID: 22112536 PMCID: PMC3240824 DOI: 10.1186/1749-7221-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Positive neurotrophic effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment may be more easily achieved by applying a Perflourocarbon (PFC) emulsion gel to the repair site. PFCs are halogen substituted carbon oils with unique oxygen transport potentials that are capable of increasing oxygen availability in local tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine if the application of a PFC emulsion to a repaired nerve would improve recovery. Materials and methods The left tibial nerve of 21 immature female Sprague-Dawley rats was transected, immediately repaired, and then circumferentially coated with PFC gel (Group A, n = 7), PFC-less gel (Group B, n = 7), or nothing (suture only, Group C, n = 7). At eight weeks post surgery, electrophysiological testing and histological and morphological analysis was performed. Results No statistically significant differences between experimental groups were found for muscle size and weight, axon counts, or nerve conduction velocity. Group A had a significantly smaller G-ratio than Groups B and C (p < .0001). Conclusion Overall results do not indicate a functional benefit associated with application of a PFC emulsion gel to rodent tibial nerve repairs. A positive effect on myelination was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Isaacs
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems, 1200 East Broad Street, P,O, Box 980153, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Seery JM, Valosen JM, Phillips JH, Slade DL, Seery AB, Parham MA, Chasen AB, Cutting PJ, Pizarro JM. Effects of Metal Fragments on Nerve Healing in Extremity Injuries Using a Rat Peroneal Nerve Model. J Am Coll Surg 2009; 209:278-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells in combination with hyperbaric oxygen augment peripheral nerve regeneration. Neurochem Res 2009; 34:1304-16. [PMID: 19152028 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and associated inflammatory cell deposits rescues human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AFS) from apoptosis. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) suppressed stimulus-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in blood-derived monocyte-macrophages. Herein, we evaluate the beneficial effect of hyperbaric oxygen on transplanted AFS in a sciatic nerve injury model. METHODS Peripheral nerve injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by crushing the left sciatic nerve using a vessel clamp. The AFS were embedded in fibrin glue and delivered to the injured site. Hyperbaric oxygen (100% oxygen, 2 ATA, 60 min/day) was administered 12 h after operation for seven consecutive days. Transplanted cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory cell deposits and associated chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, motor function, and nerve regeneration were evaluated 7 and 28 days after injury. RESULTS Crush injury induced an inflammatory response, disrupted nerve integrity, and impaired nerve function in the sciatic nerve. However, crush injury-provoked inflammatory cytokines, deposits of inflammatory cytokines, and associated macrophage migration chemokines were attenuated in groups receiving hyperbaric oxygen but not in the AFS-only group. No significant increase in oxidative stress was observed after administration of HBO. In transplanted AFS, marked apoptosis was detected and this event was reduced by HBO treatment. Increased nerve myelination and improved motor function were observed in AFS-transplant, HBO-administrated, and AFS/HBO-combined treatment groups. Significantly, the AFS/HBO combined treatment showed the most beneficial effect. CONCLUSION AFS in combination with HBO augment peripheral nerve regeneration, which may involve the suppression of apoptotic death in implanted AFS and the attenuation of an inflammatory response detrimental to peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Salgado Alves Vilela D, Roberto Lazarini P, Ferreira Da Silva C. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on facial nerve regeneration. Acta Otolaryngol 2008; 128:1048-52. [PMID: 19086199 DOI: 10.1080/00016480701827525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) promoted an increase of the mean axonal diameter in the group evaluated 2 weeks after lesion induction, which suggests a more advanced regeneration process. However, the number of myelin nerve fibers of the facial nerve of the rabbits was similar when compared to the control and treatment groups, in both evaluation periods. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of HBOT on the histological pattern of the facial nerve in rabbits exposed to a nerve crush injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty rabbits were exposed to facial nerve crush injury. Ten rabbits received HBOT, 10 rabbits comprised the control group. The rabbits were sacrificed 2 and 4 weeks after the trauma. Qualitative morphological analysis, measurement of the external axonal diameters and myelin fiber count were carried out in an area of 185 000 microm2. RESULTS There was an increase in the area of the axons and thicker myelin in the 2 weeks treatment group in comparison with the control group. The mean diameter of the axons was of 2.34 microm in the control group and of 2.81 microm in the HBOT group, with statistically significant differences. The 2 week control group had a mean number of myelin fibers of 1865.2 +/- 664, and the HBOT group had a mean number of 2026.3 +/- 302; this was not statistically significant. The 4 week control group presented a mean of 2495.1 +/- 479 fibers and the HBOT group presented a mean of 2359.9 +/- 473; this was not statistically significant.
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Abstract
Peripheral nerves are essential connections between the central nervous system and muscles, autonomic structures and sensory organs. Their injury is one of the major causes for severe and longstanding impairment in limb function. Acute peripheral nerve lesion has an important inflammatory component and is considered as ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Surgical repair has been the standard of care in peripheral nerve lesion. It has reached optimal technical development but the end results still remain unpredictable and complete functional recovery is rare. Nevertheless, nerve repair is not primarily a mechanical problem and microsurgery is not the only key to success. Lately, there have been efforts to develop alternatives to nerve graft. Work has been carried out in basal lamina scaffolds, biologic and non-biologic structures in combination with neurotrophic factors and/or Schwann cells, tissues, immunosuppressive agents, growth factors, cell transplantation, principles of artificial sensory function, gene technology, gangliosides, implantation of microchips, hormones, electromagnetic fields and hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). HBO appears to be a beneficial adjunctive treatment for surgical repair in the acute peripheral nerve lesion, when used at lower pressures and in a timely fashion (<6 hours).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cuauhtemoc Sanchez
- Hyperbaric Medicine Department, Hospital Angeles del Pedregal, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
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Varejão AS, Melo-Pinto P, Meek MF, Filipe VM, Bulas-Cruz J. Methods for the experimental functional assessment of rat sciatic nerve regeneration. Neurol Res 2004; 26:186-94. [PMID: 15072638 DOI: 10.1179/016164104225013833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In experimental peripheral nerve studies, the rat sciatic nerve model is widely used to examine functional changes after different surgical repairs or pharmacological treatments, following nerve injury. The number and diversity of tests which have been used to assess functional recovery after experimental interventions often makes it difficult to recommend any particular indicator of nerve regeneration. Functional assessment after sciatic nerve lesion has long been focused on walking track analysis, therefore, this article describes in more detail the method to obtain and measure the walking tracks in order to calculate the sciatic functional index (SFI). However, it is important to note that the validity of the SFI has been questioned by several researchers. In addition, the present review includes other traditional tests described in the experimental peripheral nerve literature regarding the rate of return of motor function and sensation, such as the extensor postural thrust (EPT), nociceptive function, and the gastrocnemius-soleus weight parameters. In the last decade, several authors have designed a series of sensitive quantitative methods to assess the recovery of hind limb locomotor function using computerized rat gait analysis. This study aims to review kinematic measures that can be gathered with this technology, including calculation of sciatic functional index, gait-stance duration, ankle kinematics and toe out angle (TOA). A combination of tests, each examining particular components of recovered sensorimotor function is recommended for an overall assessment of rat sciatic nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur S Varejão
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, CETAV, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal.
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Santos PM. Evaluation of laryngeal function after implantation of the vagus nerve stimulation device. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003; 129:269-73. [PMID: 12958579 DOI: 10.1016/s0194-5998(03)00605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The vagus nerve stimulation device (VNS) is used for the management of seizures. This study evaluated what effect the diameter of the vagus nerve helical electrode might have on true vocal cord (TVC) mobility. The study was prompted after 2 cases of TVC immobility. Electrode nerve compression was suspect. METHODS Eighteen patients underwent intraoperative vagus nerve measurement and electrode placement with subsequent voice and TVC evaluation. Electrode selection was based on vagus nerve measurements. RESULTS Seven patients had vagus nerves measuring less than 2 mm diameter and received the 2-mm inner diameter electrode. Eleven patients had vagus nerves measuring more than 2 mm in diameter and received the 3-mm inner diameter electrode. No patients experienced transient or permanent hoarseness or paresis/paralysis. CONCLUSION Precise vagus nerve measurements and electrode selection appear to decrease the incidence of nerve compression injury and TVC immobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry M Santos
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Otologic Medical Clinic, Inc. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73112-4430, USA.
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Bajrović FF, Sketelj J, Jug M, Gril I, Mekjavić IB. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on early regeneration of sensory axons after nerve crush in the rat. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2002; 7:141-8. [PMID: 12365561 DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8027.2002.02020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) on sensory axon regeneration was examined in the rat. The sciatic nerve was crushed in both legs. In addition, the distal stump of the sural nerve on one side was made acellular and its blood perfusion was compromised by freezing and thawing. Two experimental groups received hyperbaric exposures (2.5 ATA) to either compressed air (pO2 = 0.5 ATA) or 100% oxygen (pO2 = 2.5 ATA) 90 minutes per day for 6 days. Sensory axon regeneration in the sural nerve was thereafter assessed by the nerve pinch test and immunohistochemical reaction to neurofilament. HBO treatment increased the distances reached by the fastest regenerating sensory axons by about 15% in the distal nerve segments with preserved and with compromised blood perfusion. There was no significant difference between the rats treated with different oxygen tensions. The total number of regenerated axons in the distal sural nerve segments after a simple crush injury was not affected, whereas in the nerve segments with compromised blood perfusion treated by the higher pO2, the axon number was about 30% lower than that in the control group. It is concluded that the beneficial effect of HBO on sensory axon regeneration is not dose-dependent between 0.5 and 2.5 ATA pO2. Although the exposure to 2.5 ATA of pO2 moderately enhanced early regeneration of the fastest sensory axons, it decreased the number of regenerating axons in the injured nerves with compromised blood perfusion of the distal nerve stump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajko F Bajrović
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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