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Sheng X, Zhang C, Zhao J, Xu J, Zhang P, Ding Q, Zhang J. Microvascular destabilization and intricated network of the cytokines in diabetic retinopathy: from the perspective of cellular and molecular components. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:85. [PMID: 38937783 PMCID: PMC11212265 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microvascular destabilization is the primary cause of the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) breakdown and increased vascular leakage in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Microvascular destabilization results from the combinational effects of increased levels of growth factors and cytokines, involvement of inflammation, and the changed cell-to-cell interactions, especially the loss of endothelial cells and pericytes, due to hyperglycemia and hypoxia. As the manifestation of microvascular destabilization, the fluid transports via paracellular and transcellular routes increase due to the disruption of endothelial intercellular junctional complexes and/or the altered caveolar transcellular transport across the retinal vascular endothelium. With diabetes progression, the functional and the structural changes of the iBRB components, including the cellular and noncellular components, further facilitate and aggravate microvascular destabilization, resulting in macular edema, the neuroretinal damage and the dysfunction of retinal inner neurovascular unit (iNVU). Although there have been considerable recent advances towards a better understanding of the complex cellular and molecular network underlying the microvascular destabilization, some still remain to be fully elucidated. Recent data indicate that targeting the intricate signaling pathways may allow to against the microvascular destabilization. Therefore, efforts have been made to better clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in the microvascular destabilization in DR. In this review, we discuss: (1) the brief introduction of DR and microvascular destabilization; (2) the cellular and molecular components of iBRB and iNVU, and the breakdown of iBRB; (3) the matrix and cell-to-cell contacts to maintain microvascular stabilization, including the endothelial glycocalyx, basement membrane, and various cell-cell interactions; (4) the molecular mechanisms mediated cell-cell contacts and vascular cell death; (5) the altered cytokines and signaling pathways as well as the intricate network of the cytokines involved in microvascular destabilization. This comprehensive review aimed to provide the insights for microvascular destabilization by targeting the key molecules or specific iBRB cells, thus restoring the function and structure of iBRB and iNVU, to treat DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sheng
- People's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- People's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiwei Zhao
- People's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- People's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- People's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Quanju Ding
- People's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- The International Eye Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China.
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- C-MER International Eye Care Group, C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, Hong Kong, China.
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Percival KM, Paul V, Husseini GA. Recent Advancements in Bone Tissue Engineering: Integrating Smart Scaffold Technologies and Bio-Responsive Systems for Enhanced Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6012. [PMID: 38892199 PMCID: PMC11172494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In exploring the challenges of bone repair and regeneration, this review evaluates the potential of bone tissue engineering (BTE) as a viable alternative to traditional methods, such as autografts and allografts. Key developments in biomaterials and scaffold fabrication techniques, such as additive manufacturing and cell and bioactive molecule-laden scaffolds, are discussed, along with the integration of bio-responsive scaffolds, which can respond to physical and chemical stimuli. These advancements collectively aim to mimic the natural microenvironment of bone, thereby enhancing osteogenesis and facilitating the formation of new tissue. Through a comprehensive combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we scrutinize the biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, and osteoconductivity of these engineered scaffolds, as well as their interactions with critical cellular players in bone healing processes. Findings from scaffold fabrication techniques and bio-responsive scaffolds indicate that incorporating nanostructured materials and bioactive compounds is particularly effective in promoting the recruitment and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. The therapeutic potential of these advanced biomaterials in clinical settings is widely recognized and the paper advocates continued research into multi-responsive scaffold systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Percival
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Vinod Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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Yu X, Ma H, Wang Y, Hao J, Chen L, Gelinsky M, Wu C. Assembled/Disassembled Modular Scaffolds for Multicellular Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308126. [PMID: 38533956 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The behavior of tissue resident cells can be influenced by the spatial arrangement of cellular interactions. Therefore, it is of significance to precisely control the spatial organization of various cells within multicellular constructs. It remains challenging to construct a versatile multicellular scaffold with ordered spatial organization of multiple cell types. Herein, a modular multicellular tissue engineering scaffold with ordered spatial distribution of different cell types is constructed by assembling varying cell-laden modules. Interestingly, the modular scaffolds can be disassembled into individual modules to evaluate the specific contribution of each cell type in the system. Through assembling cell-laden modules, the macrophage-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), endothelial cell-MSC, and chondrocyte-MSC co-culture models are successfully established. The in vitro results indicate that the intercellular cross-talk can promote the proliferation and differentiation of each cell type in the system. Moreover, MSCs in the modular scaffolds may regulate the behavior of chondrocytes through the nuclear factor of activated T-Cells (NFAT) signaling pathway. Furthermore, the modular scaffolds loaded with co-cultured chondrocyte-MSC exhibit enhanced regeneration ability of osteochondral tissue, compared with other groups. Overall, this work offers a promising strategy to construct a multicellular tissue engineering scaffold for the systematic investigation of intercellular cross-talk and complex tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongshi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Lang A, Benn A, Collins JM, Wolter A, Balcaen T, Kerckhofs G, Zwijsen A, Boerckel JD. Endothelial SMAD1/5 signaling couples angiogenesis to osteogenesis in juvenile bone. Commun Biol 2024; 7:315. [PMID: 38480819 PMCID: PMC10937971 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development depends on coordinated angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Bone morphogenetic proteins direct bone formation in part by activating SMAD1/5 signaling in osteoblasts. However, the role of SMAD1/5 in skeletal endothelium is unknown. Here, we found that endothelial cell-conditional SMAD1/5 depletion in juvenile mice caused metaphyseal and diaphyseal hypervascularity, resulting in altered trabecular and cortical bone formation. SMAD1/5 depletion induced excessive sprouting and disrupting the morphology of the metaphyseal vessels, with impaired anastomotic loop formation at the chondro-osseous junction. Endothelial SMAD1/5 depletion impaired growth plate resorption and, upon long-term depletion, abrogated osteoprogenitor recruitment to the primary spongiosa. Finally, in the diaphysis, endothelial SMAD1/5 activity was necessary to maintain the sinusoidal phenotype, with SMAD1/5 depletion inducing formation of large vascular loops and elevated vascular permeability. Together, endothelial SMAD1/5 activity sustains skeletal vascular morphogenesis and function and coordinates growth plate remodeling and osteoprogenitor recruitment dynamics in juvenile mouse bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Lang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Andreas Benn
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Joseph M Collins
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Angelique Wolter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14163, Germany
| | - Tim Balcaen
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Biomechanics lab, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Morphology, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Biomechanics lab, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Morphology, UCLouvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Prometheus, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Linfeng L, Xiaowei Z, Xueqin C, Xianfeng Z. Simvastatin-loaded 3D aerogel scaffolds promote bone regeneration. Biomed Mater Eng 2024; 35:153-163. [PMID: 38363602 DOI: 10.3233/bme-230068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is imperative to design a suitable material for bone regeneration that emulates the microstructure and compositional framework of natural bone while mitigating the shortcomings of current repair materials. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to synthesize a 3D aerogel scaffold composed of PLCL/gelatin electro-spun nanofiber loaded with Simvastatin and investigate its biocompatibility as well as its performance in cell proliferation and ossification differentiation. METHODS PLCL/gelatin nanofibers were fabricated in coaxial electrospinning with simvastatin added. Fibers were fragmented, pipetted into molds, frozen, and dried. The morphology of fibers and contact angles in 4 groups of PLCL, PLCL@S, 3D-PLCL, and 3D-PLCL@S was observed and compared. MC3T3-E1 cells were planted at the four materials to observe cell growth status, and ALP and ARS tests were conducted to compare the ossification of cells. RESULTS TEM scanning showed the coaxial fiber of the inner PLCL and outer gelatin. The mean diameter of the PLCL/gelatin fibers is 561 ± 95 nm and 631 ± 103 nm after the drug loading. SEM showed the fibers in the 3D-PLCL@S group were more curled and loose with more space interlaced. The contact angle in this group was 27.1°, the smallest one. Drug release test demonstrated that simvastatin concentration in the 3D-PLCL@S could remain at a relatively high level compared to the control group. The cell proliferation test showed that MC3T3-EI cells could embed into the scaffold deeply and exhibit higher viability in the 3D-PLCL@S group than other groups. The ossification tests of ALP and ARS also inferred that the 3D-PLCL@S scaffold could offer a better osteogenic differentiation matrix. CONCLUSION The PLCL/gelatin aerogel scaffold, when loaded with Simvastatin, demonstrates a more pronounced potential in enhancing osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. We hypothesize that this scaffold could serve as a promising material for addressing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Linfeng
- Dingling Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhou Xiaowei
- Dingling Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Renmin Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Xueqin
- Dingling Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhu Xianfeng
- Dingling Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, China
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6
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Damle SR, Krzyzanowska AK, Korsun MK, Morse KW, Gilbert S, Kim HJ, Boachie-Adjei O, Rawlins BA, van der Meulen MCH, Greenblatt MB, Hidaka C, Cunningham ME. Inducing Angiogenesis in the Nucleus Pulposus. Cells 2023; 12:2488. [PMID: 37887332 PMCID: PMC10605635 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gene delivery to Lewis rat lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) drives bone formation anterior and external to the IVD, suggesting the IVD is inhospitable to osteogenesis. This study was designed to determine if IVD destruction with a proteoglycanase, and/or generating an IVD blood supply by gene delivery of an angiogenic growth factor, could render the IVD permissive to intra-discal BMP-driven osteogenesis and fusion. Surgical intra-discal delivery of naïve or gene-programmed cells (BMP2/BMP7 co-expressing or VEGF165 expressing) +/- purified chondroitinase-ABC (chABC) in all permutations was performed between lumbar 4/5 and L5/6 vertebrae, and radiographic, histology, and biomechanics endpoints were collected. Follow-up anti-sFlt Western blotting was performed. BMP and VEGF/BMP treatments had the highest stiffness, bone production and fusion. Bone was induced anterior to the IVD, and was not intra-discal from any treatment. chABC impaired BMP-driven osteogenesis, decreased histological staining for IVD proteoglycans, and made the IVD permissive to angiogenesis. A soluble fragment of VEGF Receptor-1 (sFlt) was liberated from the IVD matrix by incubation with chABC, suggesting dysregulation of the sFlt matrix attachment is a possible mechanism for the chABC-mediated IVD angiogenesis we observed. Based on these results, the IVD can be manipulated to foster vascular invasion, and by extension, possibly osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela R. Damle
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Agata K. Krzyzanowska
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Maximilian K. Korsun
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kyle W. Morse
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Susannah Gilbert
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Han Jo Kim
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Oheneba Boachie-Adjei
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bernard A. Rawlins
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Sibley School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Chisa Hidaka
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Belfer Gene Therapy Core Facility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew E. Cunningham
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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O'Donnell L, Buikstra JE, Hill EC, Anderson AS, O'Donnell MJ. Skeletal manifestations of disease experience: Length of illness and porous cranial lesion formation in a contemporary juvenile mortality sample. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23896. [PMID: 36974669 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Porous lesions of the orbit (cribra orbitalia [CO]) and cranial vault (porotic hyperostosis [PH]) are used as skeletal indicators of childhood stress. Because they are understudied in contemporary populations, their relationship to disease experience is poorly understood. This paper examines the relationship between length of childhood illness and CO/PH formation in a clinically documented sample. "Turning points," which identify the window for lesion formation for CO/PH, are defined, implications for hidden heterogeneity in frailty are considered. METHODS Data are from 333 (199 males; 134 females) pediatric postmortem computed tomography scans. Individuals died in New Mexico (2011-2019) and are 0.5 to 15.99 years (mean = 7.1). Length of illness was estimated using information from autopsy and field reports. Logistic regression was used to estimate predicted probabilities, odds ratios, and the temporal window for lesion formation. RESULTS Illness, single bouts, or cumulative episodes lasting over 1 month is associated with higher odds of CO; individuals who were never sick have lower odds of having PH. This relationship was consistent for fatal and incidental illnesses that did not cause death. The developmental window for CO formation appears to close at 8 years. CONCLUSIONS Those ill for over 1 month are more likely to have CO/PH than those with acute illnesses. Some individuals lived sufficiently long to form CO/PH but died of illness. Others with lesions died of circumstances unrelated to disease. This indicates hidden variation in robusticity even among ill individuals with CO/PH, which is vital in interpreting lesion frequencies in the archeological record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexi O'Donnell
- College of Population Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jane E Buikstra
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Ethan C Hill
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amy S Anderson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Michael J O'Donnell
- Bureau of Business & Economic Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Lang A, Benn A, Wolter A, Balcaen T, Collins J, Kerckhofs G, Zwijsen A, Boerckel JD. Endothelial SMAD1/5 signaling couples angiogenesis to osteogenesis during long bone growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.07.522994. [PMID: 36712097 PMCID: PMC9881901 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.07.522994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal development depends on coordinated angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Bone morphogenetic proteins direct bone development by activating SMAD1/5 signaling in osteoblasts. However, the role of SMAD1/5 in skeletal endothelium is unknown. Here, we found that endothelial cell-conditional SMAD1/5 depletion in juvenile mice caused metaphyseal and diaphyseal hypervascularity, resulting in altered cancellous and cortical bone formation. SMAD1/5 depletion induced excessive sprouting, disrupting the columnar structure of the metaphyseal vessels and impaired anastomotic loop morphogenesis at the chondro-osseous junction. Endothelial SMAD1/5 depletion impaired growth plate resorption and, upon long term depletion, abrogated osteoprogenitor recruitment to the primary spongiosa. Finally, in the diaphysis, endothelial SMAD1/5 activity was necessary to maintain the sinusoidal phenotype, with SMAD1/5 depletion inducing formation of large vascular loops, featuring elevated endomucin expression, ectopic tip cell formation, and hyperpermeability. Together, endothelial SMAD1/5 activity sustains skeletal vascular morphogenesis and function and coordinates growth plate remodeling and osteoprogenitor recruitment dynamics during bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Lang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Benn
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angelique Wolter
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Balcaen
- Biomechanics lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Collins
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joel D. Boerckel
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Mahapatra C, Kumar P, Paul MK, Kumar A. Angiogenic stimulation strategies in bone tissue regeneration. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Kida Y, Yamaguchi I. The vascular protective effect of matrix Gla protein during kidney injury. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 2:970744. [PMID: 39086959 PMCID: PMC11285670 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2022.970744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a small secreted protein and requires vitamin K dependent γ-carboxylation for its function. MGP has been identified as a local inhibitor of vascular calcification because MGP-deficient mice die due to severe arterial calcification and resulting arterial rupture. Clinical trials revealed that reduction in active MGP predicts poor prognosis in patients due to cardiovascular complications. However, recent studies showed that MGP controls angiogenesis during development. MGP-deficient mice demonstrated abnormal hypervascularization and arteriovenous malformations in kidneys and other organs. This abnormal angiogenesis is largely caused by excessive expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2). However, only a few studies have investigated the roles of MGP in tissue injury. We observed mesangial cell proliferation and mild interstitial fibrosis in addition to increased capillaries in kidneys of MGP-null mice even without injury. We also created a mouse model with kidney injury and found that kidney damage greatly increases MGP expression in peritubular capillary endothelial cells and tubular epithelial cells. Finally, our study showed that impairment of MGP expression aggravates peritubular capillary rarefaction and accumulation of collagen-producing myofibroblasts following kidney injury. Peritubular capillary damage induces capillary loss as well as trans-differentiation of vascular pericytes into myofibroblasts. These results indicate that MGP has the vascular protective effect in the injured kidney. Clinical trials have already started to test the efficacy of MGP activation to repair vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney diseases. In this "Hypothesis and Theory" article, we discuss possible mechanisms by which MGP protects against vascular damage during tissue injury based on our experimental results and previous results from other research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Kida
- Center for Tissue and Cell Sciences, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Nephrology, Takashimadaira Chūō General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Yamaguchi
- Center for Tissue and Cell Sciences, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Children’s Hospital, OU Health, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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11
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Jung S, Choi BH, Joo NS. Serum Homocysteine and Vascular Calcification: Advances in Mechanisms, Related Diseases, and Nutrition. Korean J Fam Med 2022; 43:277-289. [PMID: 36168899 PMCID: PMC9532189 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.21.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying and preventing modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease is very important. Vascular calcification has been studied clinically as an asymptomatic preclinical marker of atherosclerosis and a risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular disease. It is known that higher homocysteine levels are associated with calcified plaques and the higher the homocysteine level, the higher the prevalence and progression of vascular calcification. Homocysteine is a byproduct of methionine metabolism and is generally maintained at a physiological level. Moreover, it may increase if the patient has a genetic deficiency of metabolic enzymes, nutritional deficiencies of related cofactors (vitamins), chronic diseases, or a poor lifestyle. Homocysteine is an oxidative stress factor that can lead to calcified plaques and trigger vascular inflammation. Hyperhomocysteinemia causes endothelial dysfunction, transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and the induction of apoptosis. As a result of transdifferentiation and cell apoptosis, hydroxyapatite accumulates in the walls of blood vessels. Several studies have reported on the mechanisms of multiple cellular signaling pathways that cause inflammation and calcification in blood vessels. Therefore, in this review, we take a closer look at understanding the clinical consequences of hyperhomocysteinemia and apply clinical approaches to reduce its prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Jung
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Nam-Seok Joo
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Corresponding Author: Nam-Seok Joo Tel: +82-31-219-5324, Fax: +82-31-219-5218, E-mail:
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12
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Zhang C, Liu YW, Chen M, Min S, Mao J, Li Q, Chi Z. CoCl 2 -simulated hypoxia potentiates the osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts derived from tympanosclerosis by upregulating the expression of BMP-2. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1423-1432. [PMID: 35811437 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tympanosclerosis (TS) is a result of long-standing middle ear inflammation characterized by fibroblasts ossification. Fibrosis is the last revertible stage in the progress of middle ear inflammation to TS. It was hypothesized that chronic hypoxia could be modulating fibrosis, which in turn additionally further aggravated hypoxia via decreasing oxygen diffusion. However, the effects of hypoxia on osteoinductive activity of fibroblasts have not been explored. Herein, we purposed to explore the role of hypoxia in osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts derived from TS. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and Vimentin in the human surgical specimens of tympansclerosis was investigated by immunofluorescent staining. Furthermore, cultured fibroblasts were stratified into the following study groups: control, 25, 50, and 100 μM cobaltous chloride (CoCl2 ) group. BMP-2, as well as HIF-1α levels of expression were detected via western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. We found that the expression of BMP-2 and HIF-1α was significantly upregulated in TS tissues and these fibroblasts, which was vimentin positive surrounding sclerotic plaques, were also expressing HIF-1α positive. The results also demonstrated that CoCl2 treatment increased nuclear HIF-1α protein level in the fibroblast. Furthermore, treatment with CoCl2 significantly increased BMP-2 expression and remarkably elevated alkaline phosphatse activity and the mineralized nodules area. These data illustrate that hypoxia may play an osteogenic role in TS fibroblasts via the elevated expression of a possible osteogenic factor, BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Wenyi Liu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shiyao Min
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiabao Mao
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Stomatology Department, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangcai Chi
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Liang X, Xie L, Zhang Q, Wang G, Zhang S, Jiang M, Zhang R, Yang T, Hu X, Yang Z, Tian W. Gelatin methacryloyl-alginate core-shell microcapsules as efficient delivery platforms for prevascularized microtissues in endodontic regeneration. Acta Biomater 2022; 144:242-257. [PMID: 35364321 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Combined injectable cell-laden microspheres and angiogenesis approaches are promising for functional vascularized endodontic regeneration. However, advanced microsphere designs and production techniques that benefit practical applications are rarely developed. Herein, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-alginate core-shell microcapsules were fabricated to co-encapsulate human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) based on a coaxial electrostatic microdroplet technique. This technique enables high-throughput production, convenient collection, and minimal material waste. The average diameter of core-shell microcapsules was ∼359 µm, and that of GelMA cores was ∼278 µm. There were higher proliferation rates for hDPSCs and HUVECs co-encapsulated in the GelMA cores than for hDPSCs or HUVECs monoculture group. HUVECs assembled to form 3D capillary-like networks in co-culture microcapsules. Moreover, HUVECs promoted the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in microcapsules. After 14 days of cultivation, prevascularized microtissues formed in microcapsules that contained abundant deposited extracellular matrix (ECM); no microcapsule aggregation occurred. In vivo studies confirmed that better microvessel formation and pulp-like tissue regeneration occurred in the co-culture group than in hDPSCs group. Thus, an effective platform for prevascularization microtissue preparation was proposed and showed great promise in endodontic regeneration and tissue engineering applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell-laden microspheres combined with the proangiogenesis approach are promising in endodontic regeneration. We proposed GelMA-alginate core-shell microcapsules generated via the coaxial electrostatic microdroplet (CEM) method, which utilizes a double-lumen needle to allow for core-shell structures to form. The microcapsules were used for co-culturing hDPSCs and HUVECs to harvest large amounts of prevascularized microtissues, which further showed improved vascularization and pulp-like tissue regeneration in vivo. This CEM method and the microcapsule system have advantages of high-throughput generation, convenient collection, and avoid aggregation during long-term culturing. We proposed a high-effective platform for mass production of prevascularized microtissues, which exhibit great promise in the clinical transformation of endodontic regeneration and other applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xingyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziyang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Zhang CL, Song DJ, Zhang LD, Liu L, Zhu BL. Research on Mechanism of Nanometric Bone Pulp Activated with Double Gene as Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Improving the Strength of Centrum in Osteoporosis. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:1035-1043. [PMID: 35854465 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was assessing the mechanism of nanometric bone pulp activated with double gene as bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in improving the strength of centrum in osteoporosis (OP). The model of nanometric bone pulp activated with BMP-1 and VEGF double gene was established and validated. Under maximum condition of load and collapsed fragments, the model was analyzed through biomechanical test. The conditions for ALP, BGP, MLL and BMD in the model were also analyzed, and three-dimensional structural transformation was analyzed. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the effect of adding or not adding dual gene activated nano-bone stickers on OC-specific protein and mRNA; ELISA kits were used to detect the changes of RANKL pathway RANKL, OPG and TRACP5b. The maximum conformed quality and condensed intensity were strengthened with the nanometric bone pulp activated with BMP-1 and VEGF double gene. The maximum load in centrum was extremely elevated in the model, and the condition of ALP and its effect on bone was partly improved in the model. The precision and efficiency in the quality of BMD were continuously decreased. The BMD and MLF were strengthened notably in the model, and their effect on the bone was extremely improved. There was tight displayed model of trabecular in centrum and porosity was also continuously reduced. After adding the double-gene activated nano-bone stickers, the results from qRTPCR and Western blot showed that the changes of osteoclast-related genes and protein expressions were significantly down-regulated. The nanometric bone pulp activated with BMP-1 and VEGF double gene was one of ideal filled criterion. The BMD and bone strength were also elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province, 223600, China
| | - Da-Jiang Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province, 223600, China
| | - Li-Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province, 223600, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province, 223600, China
| | - Bao-Lin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province, 223600, China
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Bioactive gelatin cryogels with BMP‐2 biomimetic peptide and VEGF: A potential scaffold for synergistically induced osteogenesis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Zhu L, Liu Y, Wang A, Zhu Z, Li Y, Zhu C, Che Z, Liu T, Liu H, Huang L. Application of BMP in Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:810880. [PMID: 35433652 PMCID: PMC9008764 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.810880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, bone nonunion and delayed union are still difficult problems in orthopaedics. Since the discovery of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), it has been widely used in various studies due to its powerful role in promoting osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Current results show that BMPs can promote healing of bone defects and reduce the occurrence of complications. However, the mechanism of BMP in vivo still needs to be explored, and application of BMP alone to a bone defect site cannot achieve good therapeutic effects. It is particularly important to modify implants to carry BMP to achieve slow and sustained release effects by taking advantage of the nature of the implant. This review aims to explain the mechanism of BMP action in vivo, its biological function, and how BMP can be applied to orthopaedic implants to effectively stimulate bone healing in the long term. Notably, implantation of a system that allows sustained release of BMP can provide an effective method to treat bone nonunion and delayed bone healing in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengqing Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youbin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenjia Che
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tengyue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: He Liu, ; Lanfeng Huang,
| | - Lanfeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: He Liu, ; Lanfeng Huang,
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Kang F, Yi Q, Gu P, Dong Y, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Bai Y. Controlled growth factor delivery system with osteogenic-angiogenic coupling effect for bone regeneration. J Orthop Translat 2022; 31:110-125. [PMID: 34976731 PMCID: PMC8671819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Bone regeneration involves a coordinated cascade of events that are regulated by several cytokines and growth factors, among which bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) play important roles. In this study, we investigated the effects of dual release of the three growth factors on bone regeneration in femur defects. Methods A composite consisting of Gelatin microparticles loaded with VEGF/FGF-2 and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-carboxyl (PLGA-PEG-COOH) microparticles loaded with BMP-2 encapsulated in a nano hydroxyapatite-poly actic-co-glycolic acid (nHA-PLGA) scaffold was prepared for the dual release of the growth factors. Results On the 14th day, decreased release rate of BMP-2 compared with FGF-2 and VEGF was observed. However, after 14 days, compared to FGF-2 and VEGF, BMP-2 showed an increased release rate. Controlled dual release of BMP-2 and VEGF, FGF-2 resulted in a significant osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Moreover, effects of the composite scaffold on functional connection of osteoblast-vascular cells during bone development were evaluated. The synergistic effects of dual delivery of growth factors were shown to promote the expression of VEGF in BMSCs. Increased secretion of VEGF from BMSCs promoted the proliferation and angiogenic differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the co-culture system. At 12 weeks after implantation, blood vessel and bone formation were analyzed by micro-CT and histology. The composite scaffold significantly promoted the formation of blood vessels and new bone in femur defects. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that dual delivery of angiogenic factors and osteogenic factors from Gelatin and PLGA-PEG-COOH microparticles-based composite scaffolds exerted an osteogenic-angiogenic coupling effect on bone regeneration. This approach will inform on the development of appropriate designs of high-performance bioscaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiying Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Pengcheng Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuhan Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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杜 文, 杨 静, 姜 婷. [Early constant observation of the effect of deferoxamine mesylate on improvement of vascularized bone regeneration in SD rat skull critical size defect model]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2021; 53:1171-1177. [PMID: 34916700 PMCID: PMC8695137 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of local administration of deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) on vascularization and osteogenesis and its ability to maintain the activity of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), by constantly observing early changes of vessel-like structures and bone tissues during bone defects healing. METHODS Skull critical bone defect models were constructed on a total of thirty male SD rats (6-8 weeks old). The rats were randomly divided into experimental group (DFO group) or control group (normal saline group). 300 μL 200 μmol/L DFO solution or normal saline was locally injected on the 4th day after the defect was made. On the 5th, 7th, 10th, 14th, and 28th days after surgery, three rats in each group were sacrificed respectively. HE staining and Masson staining were performed to observe new bone formation and mineralization. HIF-1α immunohistochemistry staining was performed to examine relative expression of protein. Qualitative analysis and comparation were performed by t-tests on relative expression of HIF-1α, numbers of blood vessels and percentages of mineralization tissues of new bone areas. RESULTS On the 5th, 7th, 10th, 14th and 28th days after surgery, the average numbers of blood vessels were 30.40±12.15, 62.00±17.87, 73.43±15.63, 40.00±7.84, 48.71±11.64 in the DFO group, and 18.75±6.63, 19.13±2.80, 51.35±16.21, 27.18±7.32, 30.88±13.43 in the control group. The number of blood vessels in the DFO group was significantly higher than that of the control group at each time point (P < 0.05). The mass of new bone in the DFO group was higher than that in the control group on the 14th and 28th days after surgery. The percentage of mineralization tissues of new bone area on the 14th and 28th days after injection were (27.73±5.93)% and (46.53±3.66)% in the DFO group, and (11.99±2.02)% and (31.98±4.22)% in the control group. The percentage of mineralization tissues in the DFO group was significantly higher than that of the control group at each time point (P < 0.001). The relative expression of HIF-1α in the DFO group compared with the control group was 2.86±0.48, 1.32±0.26, 1.32±0.32, 1.28±0.38 and 1.05±0.34 on the 5th, 7th, 10th, 14th and 28th days, with significant expression difference on the 5th day (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Use of DFO in bone defects promotes vascularization and osteogenesis in the defect area, and maintains the protein activity of HIF-1α temporarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- 文瑜 杜
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 静文 杨
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 婷 姜
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Liu B, Ma Z, Li J, Xie H, Wei X, Wang B, Tian S, Yang J, Yang L, Cheng L, Li L, Zhao D. Experimental study of a 3D printed permanent implantable porous Ta-coated bone plate for fracture fixation. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:269-280. [PMID: 34901545 PMCID: PMC8636709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal plates have always been the gold standard in the clinic for internal fracture fixation due to their high strength advantages. However, high elastic modulus can cause stress shielding and lead to bone embrittlement. This study used an electron beam melting method to prepare personalized porous Ti6Al4V (pTi) bone plates. Then, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology coats tantalum (Ta) metal on the pTi bone plates. The prepared porous Ta-coated bone plate has an elastic modulus similar to cortical bone, and no stress shielding occurred. In vitro experiments showed that compared with pTi plates, Ta coating significantly enhances the attachment and proliferation of cells on the surface of the scaffold. To better evaluate the function of the Ta-coated bone plate, animal experiments were conducted using a coat tibia fracture model. Our results showed that the Ta-coated bone plate could effectively fix the fracture. Both imaging and histological analysis showed that the Ta-coated bone plate had prominent indirect binding of callus formation. Histological results showed that new bone grew at the interface and formed good osseointegration with the host bone. Therefore, this study provides an alternative to bio-functional Ta-coated bone plates with improved osseointegration and osteogenic functions for orthopaedic applications. Porous Ta coated bone plate has a low elastic modulus, which can avoid stress shielding. Porous Ta coated bone plate has excellent biocompatibility and can be permanently implanted in the body. Porous Ta coated bone plate has excellent osseointegration properties and can promote fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Liu
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Zhijie Ma
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Benjie Wang
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Simiao Tian
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Lu Li
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Orthopaedic of Department, Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
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20
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Li L, Li J, Zou Q, Zuo Y, Lin L, Cai B, Li Y. Lotus root and osteons-inspired channel structural scaffold mediate cell biomineralization and vascularized bone tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1178-1191. [PMID: 34905286 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The interconnectivity of porous scaffold is vital for cell and tissue infiltration, and vascular networks formation, determining the successful bone regeneration in large bone defects. Here, inspired by the lotus-root and Haversian system of natural bone, a nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane (n-HA/PU) lotus root-like scaffold inlaid with micro holes on the wall of the adjacent channel was utilized to mediate cell biomineralization and vascularized bone tissue regeneration. Such a particular lotus-type structure remarkably promoted cells to proliferate and infiltrate into the center of the entire scaffold, serving as a clue to account for regulating cell alignment and differentiation physically. In vitro studies suggested that apatite accumulated dramatically on the channel wall in the lotus-type scaffold, probably promoting specific osteogenic differentiation of cells by the orientated channels, even in the absence of osteogenic factors. In vivo creation of critical bone defects (15-mm segments) was done in the radius of rabbits and implanted with the scaffold of different geometry to assess the structural parameters on the efficacy of new bone regeneration. The more extensive positive staining of BMP-2, more considerable amount of infiltrated capillary, more robust new bone formation, particularly the biomechanical strength of lotus-type scaffold group could reach the level of the control group without surgery, indicating that the lotus-type scaffold was more favorable for new bone tissue formation along tube-like channels. These results highlighted the potential of this biomimetic scaffold for cell and tissue infiltration and thus repair large bony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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New Insights to the Crosstalk between Vascular and Bone Tissue in Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120849. [PMID: 34940607 PMCID: PMC8708186 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculature plays a key role in bone development and the maintenance of bone tissue throughout life. The two organ systems are not only linked in normal physiology, but also in pathophysiological conditions. The chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is still the most serious complication to CKD, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Current treatment therapies aimed at the phosphate retention and parathyroid hormone disturbances fail to reduce the high cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients, underlining the importance of other factors in the complex syndrome. This review will focus on vascular disease and its interplay with bone disorders in CKD. It will present the very late data showing a direct effect of vascular calcification on bone metabolism, indicating a vascular-bone tissue crosstalk in CKD. The calcified vasculature not only suffers from the systemic effects of CKD but seems to be an active player in the CKD-MBD syndrome impairing bone metabolism and might be a novel target for treatment and prevention.
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22
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Taohong Siwu-Containing Serum Enhances Angiogenesis in Rat Aortic Endothelial Cells by Regulating the VHL/HIF-1 α/VEGF Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6610116. [PMID: 34853600 PMCID: PMC8629617 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6610116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The incidence of bone fracture and bone-related diseases is increasing every year. Angiogenesis plays a vital role in fracture healing and bone repair. This study assessed the benefits of Taohong Siwu (TSW) decoction on angiogenesis in isolated rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC) treated with TSW-containing serum. Methods The components of TSW decoction were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). TSW-containing serum was prepared by gavage of TSW decoction to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The effects of TSW-containing serum on the viability, migration, wound healing, and angiogenesis of RAEC were detected by the MTT, transwell, wound healing, and Matrigel lumen formation assays, respectively. In addition, the effects of an HIF-1α inhibitor on TSW-containing serum-induced RAEC were also assessed. The effects of TSW-containing serum on the expression of the HIF-1α signaling pathway were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Results LC-MS revealed that TSW decoction primarily contained isomaltulose, choline, D-gluconic acid, L-pipecolic acid, hypotaurine, albiflorin, and tryptophan. TSW-containing serum significantly increased the viability, migration, wound healing, and angiogenesis of RAEC in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that HIF-1α and VEGF expressions were increased in the cells of TSW-containing serum groups, whereas VHL expression was decreased. The effects of TSW-containing serum were reversed by treatment with an HIF-1α inhibitor. Conclusion These results suggested that TSW decoction enhanced angiogenesis by regulating the VHL/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.
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Freeman FE, Burdis R, Kelly DJ. Printing New Bones: From Print-and-Implant Devices to Bioprinted Bone Organ Precursors. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:700-711. [PMID: 34090809 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regenerating large bone defects remains a significant clinical challenge, motivating increased interest in additive manufacturing and 3D bioprinting to engineer superior bone graft substitutes. 3D bioprinting enables different biomaterials, cell types, and growth factors to be combined to develop patient-specific implants capable of directing functional bone regeneration. Current approaches to bioprinting such implants fall into one of two categories, each with their own advantages and limitations. First are those that can be 3D bioprinted and then directly implanted into the body and second those that require further in vitro culture after bioprinting to engineer more mature tissues prior to implantation. This review covers the key concepts, challenges, and applications of both strategies to regenerate damaged and diseased bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ross Burdis
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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24
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Elmasry K, Habib S, Moustafa M, Al-Shabrawey M. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040593. [PMID: 33919531 PMCID: PMC8073699 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in bone formation and repair. Recent studies underscored their essential role in the normal development of several organs and vascular homeostasis in health and diseases. Elevated levels of BMPs have been linked to the development of cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. However, their particular role in the pathogenesis of microvascular dysfunction associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still under-investigated. Accumulated evidence from our and others’ studies suggests the involvement of BMP signaling in retinal inflammation, hyperpermeability and pathological neovascularization in DR and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Therefore, targeting BMP signaling in diabetes is proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy to halt the development of microvascular dysfunction in retinal diseases, particularly in DR. The goal of this review article is to discuss the biological functions of BMPs, their underlying mechanisms and their potential role in the pathogenesis of DR in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elmasry
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Culver Vision discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate 35516, Egypt
| | - Samar Habib
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate 35516, Egypt;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mohamed Moustafa
- Culver Vision discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Culver Vision discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(706)721-4278 or +1-(706)721-4279
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Kawecki F, Galbraith T, Clafshenkel WP, Fortin M, Auger FA, Fradette J. In Vitro Prevascularization of Self-Assembled Human Bone-Like Tissues and Preclinical Assessment Using a Rat Calvarial Bone Defect Model. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14082023. [PMID: 33920607 PMCID: PMC8073395 DOI: 10.3390/ma14082023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro prevascularization has the potential to address the challenge of maintaining cell viability at the core of engineered constructs, such as bone substitutes, and to improve the survival of tissue grafts by allowing quicker anastomosis to the host microvasculature. The self-assembly approach of tissue engineering allows the production of biomimetic bone-like tissue constructs including extracellular matrix and living human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) induced towards osteogenic differentiation. We hypothesized that the addition of endothelial cells could improve osteogenesis and biomineralization during the production of self-assembled human bone-like tissues using hASCs. Additionally, we postulated that these prevascularized constructs would consequently improve graft survival and bone repair of rat calvarial bone defects. This study shows that a dense capillary network spontaneously formed in vitro during tissue biofabrication after two weeks of maturation. Despite reductions in osteocalcin levels and hydroxyapatite formation in vitro in prevascularized bone-like tissues (35 days of culture), in vivo imaging of prevascularized constructs showed an improvement in cell survival without impeding bone healing after 12 weeks of implantation in a calvarial bone defect model (immunocompromised male rats), compared to their stromal counterparts. Globally, these findings establish our ability to engineer prevascularized bone-like tissues with improved functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Kawecki
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l′Université Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (F.K.); (T.G.); (W.P.C.); (M.F.); (F.A.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Todd Galbraith
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l′Université Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (F.K.); (T.G.); (W.P.C.); (M.F.); (F.A.A.)
| | - William P. Clafshenkel
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l′Université Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (F.K.); (T.G.); (W.P.C.); (M.F.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Michel Fortin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l′Université Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (F.K.); (T.G.); (W.P.C.); (M.F.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - François A. Auger
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l′Université Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (F.K.); (T.G.); (W.P.C.); (M.F.); (F.A.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l′Université Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (F.K.); (T.G.); (W.P.C.); (M.F.); (F.A.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Novais A, Chatzopoulou E, Chaussain C, Gorin C. The Potential of FGF-2 in Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040932. [PMID: 33920587 PMCID: PMC8073160 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a hard-vascularized tissue, which renews itself continuously to adapt to the mechanical and metabolic demands of the body. The craniofacial area is prone to trauma and pathologies that often result in large bone damage, these leading to both aesthetic and functional complications for patients. The "gold standard" for treating these large defects is autologous bone grafting, which has some drawbacks including the requirement for a second surgical site with quantity of bone limitations, pain and other surgical complications. Indeed, tissue engineering combining a biomaterial with the appropriate cells and molecules of interest would allow a new therapeutic approach to treat large bone defects while avoiding complications associated with a second surgical site. This review first outlines the current knowledge of bone remodeling and the different signaling pathways involved seeking to improve our understanding of the roles of each to be able to stimulate or inhibit them. Secondly, it highlights the interesting characteristics of one growth factor in particular, FGF-2, and its role in bone homeostasis, before then analyzing its potential usefulness in craniofacial bone tissue engineering because of its proliferative, pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic effects depending on its spatial-temporal use, dose and mode of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Novais
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Eirini Chatzopoulou
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
- Département de Parodontologie, Université de Paris, UFR Odontologie-Garancière, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Gorin
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +33-(0)1-5807-6724
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Mohd Roslan MR, Mohd Kamal NL, Abdul Khalid MF, Mohd Nasir NF, Cheng EM, Beh CY, Tan JS, Mohamed MS. The State of Starch/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffold in Bone Tissue Engineering with Consideration for Dielectric Measurement as an Alternative Characterization Technique. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081960. [PMID: 33919814 PMCID: PMC8070798 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as a scaffold in tissue engineering. HA possesses high mechanical stress and exhibits particularly excellent biocompatibility owing to its similarity to natural bone. Nonetheless, this ceramic scaffold has limited applications due to its apparent brittleness. Therefore, this had presented some difficulties when shaping implants out of HA and for sustaining a high mechanical load. Fortunately, these drawbacks can be improved by combining HA with other biomaterials. Starch was heavily considered for biomedical device applications in favor of its low cost, wide availability, and biocompatibility properties that complement HA. This review provides an insight into starch/HA composites used in the fabrication of bone tissue scaffolds and numerous factors that influence the scaffold properties. Moreover, an alternative characterization of scaffolds via dielectric and free space measurement as a potential contactless and nondestructive measurement method is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Riza Mohd Roslan
- Biomedical Electronic Engineering Program, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (M.R.M.R.); (N.F.M.N.); (E.M.C.); (C.Y.B.)
| | - Nadhiya Liyana Mohd Kamal
- Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Dengkil 43800, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Farid Abdul Khalid
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Microwave Research Institute (MRI), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nashrul Fazli Mohd Nasir
- Biomedical Electronic Engineering Program, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (M.R.M.R.); (N.F.M.N.); (E.M.C.); (C.Y.B.)
- Sports Engineering Research Centre (SERC), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Ee Meng Cheng
- Biomedical Electronic Engineering Program, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (M.R.M.R.); (N.F.M.N.); (E.M.C.); (C.Y.B.)
| | - Chong You Beh
- Biomedical Electronic Engineering Program, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (M.R.M.R.); (N.F.M.N.); (E.M.C.); (C.Y.B.)
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Skeleton-vasculature chain reaction: a novel insight into the mystery of homeostasis. Bone Res 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33753717 PMCID: PMC7985324 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are coupled. However, the cellular and molecular regulation of these processes remains to be further investigated. Both tissues have recently been recognized as endocrine organs, which has stimulated research interest in the screening and functional identification of novel paracrine factors from both tissues. This review aims to elaborate on the novelty and significance of endocrine regulatory loops between bone and the vasculature. In addition, research progress related to the bone vasculature, vessel-related skeletal diseases, pathological conditions, and angiogenesis-targeted therapeutic strategies are also summarized. With respect to future perspectives, new techniques such as single-cell sequencing, which can be used to show the cellular diversity and plasticity of both tissues, are facilitating progress in this field. Moreover, extracellular vesicle-mediated nuclear acid communication deserves further investigation. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular regulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling may offer an opportunity to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Sun Y, Long D. Preparation, Characterization and in vitro/in vivo Evaluation of Lovastatin-Loaded PLGA Microspheres by Local Administration for Femoral Head Necrosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:601-610. [PMID: 33623369 PMCID: PMC7896741 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s286306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present work is an effort to develop a novel locally injection LVTT-loaded PLGA microspheres (LVTT-PLGA-MS) on the treatment of rabbits with femoral head necrosis (FHN). Methods LVTT-loaded PLGA microspheres (LVTT-PLGA MS) were prepared by an emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The physicochemical properties of LVTT-PLGA-MS were investigated to ensure that they have good qualities and are suitable for local delivery. In vitro drug release behavior of MS was also studied compared with free LVTT. In vivo, we also studied the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of MS in rabbits with the optimized formulation. Results In this study, we used the emulsion-solvent evaporation method to prepare LVTT-PLGA MS. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the LVTT-PLGA MS were regular, round in shape and relatively unified size distributions were selected. The mean PS was 12.3±2.1 µm. The drug-loading rate (27.6% ± 2.9%) was calculated for three batches of MS. The thermogram of LVTT-PLGA MS showed an endothermic peak at 98.3°C, revealing that LVTT existed in MS in an uncrystallized rather than a crystallized form. In the release study, LVTT-PLGA MS is observed linear prolonging drug release rates for more than 21 days without initial burst release. The pharmacodynamic results confirmed that the LVTT-PLGA MS had a good and lasting improvement effect against femoral head necrosis. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that LVTT-PLGA MS has the potential for being a local delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Kulanthaivel S, Agarwal T, Sharan Rathnam VS, Pal K, Banerjee I. Cobalt doped nano-hydroxyapatite incorporated gum tragacanth-alginate beads as angiogenic-osteogenic cell encapsulation system for mesenchymal stem cell based bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:101-115. [PMID: 33621571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenic-osteogenic cell encapsulation system is a technical need for human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC)-based bone tissue engineering (BTE). Here, we have developed a highly efficient hMSC encapsulation system by incorporating bivalent cobalt doped nano-hydroxyapatite (HAN) and gum tragacanth (GT) as angiogenic-osteogenic components into the calcium alginate (CA) beads. Physico-chemical characterizations revealed that the swelling and degradation of HAN incorporated CA-GT beads (GT-HAN) were 1.34 folds and 2 folds higher than calcium alginate (CA) beads. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient of solute molecule was found 2.5-fold higher in GT-HAN with respect to CA bead. It is observed that GT-HAN supports the long-term viability of encapsulated hMSC and causes 50% less production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in comparison to CA beads. The expression of osteogenic differentiation markers was found 1.5-2.5 folds higher in the case of GT-HAN in comparison to CA. A similar trend was observed for hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The soluble secretome from hMSC encapsulated in the GT-HAN induced proliferation of endothelial cells and supported tube formation (2.5-fold higher than CA beads). These results corroborated that GT-HAN could be used as an angiogenic-osteogenic cell encapsulation matrix for hMSC encapsulation and BTE application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilguru Kulanthaivel
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - V S Sharan Rathnam
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India.
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Al-Shabrawey M, Hussein K, Wang F, Wan M, Elmasry K, Elsherbiny N, Saleh H, Yu PB, Tawfik A, Ibrahim AS. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Induces Non-Canonical Inflammatory and Oxidative Pathways in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:568795. [PMID: 33584642 PMCID: PMC7878387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR), are not yet fully understood. We previously demonstrated an upregulation of retinal bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in experimental diabetes and in retinas of diabetic human subjects. The purpose of current study was to investigate the role of non-canonical inflammatory pathway in BMP2-induced retinal endothelial cell (REC) barrier dysfunction. For this purpose, we used RT-PCR and western blotting to evaluate the levels of BMP2 signaling components (BMP2, BMP4, BMP receptors), VEGF, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NFκB, and oxidative stress markers in cultured human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) subjected to BMP2 (50ng/ml) for up to 24 h. Also, effect of high glucose (HG, 30mM D-glucose) on the expression of BMP2 and its downstream genes was examined in HRECs. H2-DCF is a fluorogenic dye that measures the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was used to measure the pro-oxidative effect of BMP2. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of inhibiting p38 and VEGF signaling on BMP2-induced HRECs barrier dysfunction by measuring the trans-endothelial cell electrical resistance (TER) using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). We also tested the effect of HG on the integrity of HRECs barrier in the presence or absence of inhibitors of BMP2 signaling. Our data reveals that BMP2 and high glucose upregulates BMP components of the BMP signaling pathway (SMAD effectors, BMP receptors, and TGFβ ligand itself) and induces phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NFκB with nuclear translocation of NFκB. Inhibition of p38 or NFκB attenuated BMP2-induced VEGF expression and barrier dysfunction in HRECs. Also, inhibition of VEGFR2 attenuated BMP2-induced barrier dysfunction. Moreover, BMP2 induces generation of ROS and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activity in HRECs. Finally, HG upregulated BMP2 and its downstream genes (SMAD, BMP4, ALKs, and TGF-β) in HRECs and BMP2 inhibitors attenuated HG-induced HRECs barrier dysfunction. Our results suggest that in addition to the regular canonical SMAD signaling BMP2 induces non-canonical inflammatory pathway in HRECs via activation of p38/NFκB pathway that causes the upregulation of VEGF and the disruption of HRECs. Inhibition of BMP2 signaling is a potential therapeutic intervention to preserve endothelial cell barrier function in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Hussein
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Wan
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Khaled Elmasry
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nehal Elsherbiny
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba Saleh
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Paul B. Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Najdanović JG, Cvetković VJ, Stojanović ST, Vukelić-Nikolić MĐ, Živković JM, Najman SJ. Vascularization and osteogenesis in ectopically implanted bone tissue-engineered constructs with endothelial and osteogenic differentiated adipose-derived stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:91-114. [PMID: 33584982 PMCID: PMC7859989 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major problem in the healing of bone defects is insufficient or absent blood supply within the defect. To overcome this challenging problem, a plethora of approaches within bone tissue engineering have been developed recently. Bearing in mind that the interplay of various diffusible factors released by endothelial cells (ECs) and osteoblasts (OBs) have a pivotal role in bone growth and regeneration and that adjacent ECs and OBs also communicate directly through gap junctions, we set the focus on the simultaneous application of these cell types together with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a growth factor reservoir within ectopic bone tissue engineering constructs.
AIM To vascularize and examine osteogenesis in bone tissue engineering constructs enriched with PRP and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) induced into ECs and OBs.
METHODS ASCs isolated from adipose tissue, induced in vitro into ECs, OBs or just expanded were used for implant construction as followed: BPEO, endothelial and osteogenic differentiated ASCs with PRP and bone mineral matrix; BPUI, uninduced ASCs with PRP and bone mineral matrix; BC (control), only bone mineral matrix. At 1, 2, 4 and 8 wk after subcutaneous implantation in mice, implants were extracted and endothelial-related and bone-related gene expression were analyzed, while histological analyses were performed after 2 and 8 wk.
RESULTS The percentage of vascularization was significantly higher in BC compared to BPUI and BPEO constructs 2 and 8 wk after implantation. BC had the lowest endothelial-related gene expression, weaker osteocalcin immunoexpression and Spp1 expression compared to BPUI and BPEO. Endothelial-related gene expression and osteocalcin immunoexpression were higher in BPUI compared to BC and BPEO. BPEO had a higher percentage of vascularization compared to BPUI and the highest CD31 immunoexpression among examined constructs. Except Vwf, endothelial-related gene expression in BPEO had a later onset and was upregulated and well-balanced during in vivo incubation that induced late onset of Spp1 expression and pronounced osteocalcin immunoexpression at 2 and 8 wk. Tissue regression was noticed in BPEO constructs after 8 wk.
CONCLUSION Ectopically implanted BPEO constructs had a favorable impact on vascularization and osteogenesis, but tissue regression imposed the need for discovering a more optimal EC/OB ratio prior to considerations for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena G Najdanović
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics; Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš 18108, Serbia
| | - Vladimir J Cvetković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš 18106, Serbia
| | - Sanja T Stojanović
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics; Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš 18108, Serbia
| | - Marija Đ Vukelić-Nikolić
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics; Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine; Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš 18108, Serbia
| | - Jelena M Živković
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics; Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine; Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš 18108, Serbia
| | - Stevo J Najman
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics; Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš 18108, Serbia
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Xu C, Liu H, He Y, Li Y, He X. Endothelial progenitor cells promote osteogenic differentiation in co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells via the MAPK-dependent pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:537. [PMID: 33308309 PMCID: PMC7731475 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of bone tissue engineering is to regenerate tissue using biomaterials and stem cell-based approaches. Combination of two or more cell types is one of the strategies to promote bone formation. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may enhance the osteogenic properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and promote bone healing; this study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of EPCs on promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. METHODS MSCs and EPCs were isolated and co-cultured in Transwell chambers, the effects of EPCs on the regulation of MSC biological properties were investigated. Real-time PCR array, and western blotting were performed to explore possible signaling pathways involved in osteogenesis. The expression of osteogenesis markers and calcium nodule formation was quantified by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and Alizarin Red staining. RESULTS Results showed that MSCs exhibited greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increased calcium mineral deposition significantly when co-cultured with EPCs. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was involved in this process. p38 gene expression and p38 protein phosphorylation levels showed significant upregulation in co-cultured MSCs. Silencing expression of p38 in co-cultured MSCs reduced osteogenic gene expression, protein synthesis, ALP activity, and calcium nodule formation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest paracrine signaling from EPCs influences the biological function and promotes MSCs osteogenic differentiation. Activation of the p38MAPK pathway may be the key to enhancing MSCs osteogenic differentiation via indirect interactions with EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Road, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.,Department of General Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Haijie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Road, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanjia He
- Department of Stomatology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Road, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- Department of Stomatology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Road, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoning He
- Department of Stomatology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Road, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
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Chen J, Hendriks M, Chatzis A, Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP. Bone Vasculature and Bone Marrow Vascular Niches in Health and Disease. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2103-2120. [PMID: 32845550 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone vasculature and bone marrow vascular niches supply oxygen, nutrients, and secrete angiocrine factors required for the survival, maintenance, and self-renewal of stem and progenitor cells. In the skeletal system, vasculature creates nurturing niches for bone and blood-forming stem cells. Blood vessels regulate hematopoiesis and drive bone formation during development, repair, and regeneration. Dysfunctional vascular niches induce skeletal aging, bone diseases, and hematological disorders. Recent cellular and molecular characterization of the bone marrow microenvironment has provided unprecedented insights into the complexity, heterogeneity, and functions of the bone vasculature and vascular niches. The bone vasculature is composed of distinct vessel subtypes that differentially regulate osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, and disease conditions in bones. Further, bone marrow vascular niches supporting stem cells are often complex microenvironments involving multiple different cell populations and vessel subtypes. This review provides an overview of the emerging vascular cell heterogeneity in bone and the new roles of the bone vasculature and associated vascular niches in health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle Hendriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Chatzis
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saravana K Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ding MH, Lozoya EG, Rico RN, Chew SA. The Role of Angiogenesis-Inducing microRNAs in Vascular Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1283-1302. [PMID: 32762306 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important process in tissue repair and regeneration as blood vessels are integral to supply nutrients to a functioning tissue. In this review, the application of microRNAs (miRNAs) or anti-miRNAs that can induce angiogenesis to aid in blood vessel formation for vascular tissue engineering in ischemic diseases such as peripheral arterial disease and stroke, cardiac diseases, and skin and bone tissue engineering is discussed. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the endothelium of the blood vessel and are recognized as the primary cell type that drives angiogenesis and studied in the applications that were reviewed. Besides ECs, mesenchymal stem cells can also play a pivotal role in these applications, specifically, by secreting growth factors or cytokines for paracrine signaling and/or as constituent cells in the new blood vessel formed. In addition to delivering miRNAs or cells transfected/transduced with miRNAs for angiogenesis and vascular tissue engineering, the utilization of extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, microvesicles, and EVs collectively, has been more recently explored. Proangiogenic miRNAs and anti-miRNAs contribute to angiogenesis by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of targets to upregulate proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and increase the transduction of VEGF signaling through the PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways such as phosphatase and tensin homolog or regulating the signaling of other pathways important for angiogenesis such as the Notch signaling pathway and the pathway to produce nitric oxide. In conclusion, angiogenesis-inducing miRNAs and anti-miRNAs are promising tools for vascular tissue engineering for several applications; however, future work should emphasize optimizing the delivery and usage of these therapies as miRNAs can also be associated with the negative implications of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Hui Ding
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Eloy G Lozoya
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Rene N Rico
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Sue Anne Chew
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
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Freeman FE, Pitacco P, van Dommelen LHA, Nulty J, Browe DC, Shin JY, Alsberg E, Kelly DJ. 3D bioprinting spatiotemporally defined patterns of growth factors to tightly control tissue regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb5093. [PMID: 32851179 PMCID: PMC7428335 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic growth factor delivery typically requires supraphysiological dosages, which can cause undesirable off-target effects. The aim of this study was to 3D bioprint implants containing spatiotemporally defined patterns of growth factors optimized for coupled angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Using nanoparticle functionalized bioinks, it was possible to print implants with distinct growth factor patterns and release profiles spanning from days to weeks. The extent of angiogenesis in vivo depended on the spatial presentation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Higher levels of vessel invasion were observed in implants containing a spatial gradient of VEGF compared to those homogenously loaded with the same total amount of protein. Printed implants containing a gradient of VEGF, coupled with spatially defined BMP-2 localization and release kinetics, accelerated large bone defect healing with little heterotopic bone formation. This demonstrates the potential of growth factor printing, a putative point of care therapy, for tightly controlled tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E. Freeman
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pierluca Pitacco
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lieke H. A. van Dommelen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Nulty
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C. Browe
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jung-Youn Shin
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, Orthopaedics, and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Junka R, Yu X. Polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds laden with cell-derived extracellular matrix for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 113:110981. [PMID: 32487395 PMCID: PMC7292471 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering aims to alleviate the shortage of available autograft material and the biological/mechanical incompatibility of allografts through fabrication of bioactive synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, these substitute grafting materials have insufficient biological potency that limits their clinical efficacy in regenerating large defects. Extracellular matrix, a natural tissue scaffold laden with biochemical and structural cues regulating cell adhesion and tissue morphogenesis, may be a versatile supplement that can extend its biological functionality to synthetic grafts. Embedding decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) into synthetic polymers offers a promising strategy to enhance cellular response to synthetic materials, mitigate physical and mechanical limitations of dECMs, and improve clinical utility of synthetic bone grafts. Enriched with dECM biochemical cues, synthetic polymers can be readily fabricated into complex biocomposite grafts that mimic bone structure and stimulate endogenous cells to regenerate bone. In this study, cell-derived dECMs from osteoblast and endothelial cells were incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) solutions for electrospinning dual-layer nanofibrous scaffolds with osteogenic and vascular cues. The study examined the bioactivity of dECM scaffolds in osteoblast cultures for cell number, mineral deposits, and osteogenic markers, as well as regeneration of cortical bone defect in a rat femur. Scaffolds with osteoblast dECM had a significantly robust osteoblast proliferation, Alizarin Red staining/concentration, and osteopontin-positive extracellular deposits. Implanted scaffolds increased bone growth in femoral defects, and constructs with both osteogenic and vascular cues significantly improved cortical width. These findings demonstrate the potential to fabricate tailored biomimetic grafts with dECM cues and fibrous architecture for bone applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Junka
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America.
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Peters J, Vest L, Schuelke M, Zustiak SP, Hall AF, McBride-Gagyi S. MicroCT vascular network analysis program: Development, validation, and comparison to manufacturer software. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1340-1350. [PMID: 31840849 PMCID: PMC7790441 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The dependence on angiogenesis for bone repair makes accurate measuring of vascular networks of great importance to orthopedic researchers. A three-dimensional imaging modality like microcomputed tomography (µCT) would better capture these networks than histology. There are commercially available programs to analyze vessel networks in three dimensions, but these may be too costly for laboratories. Alternatively, µCT trabecular software could be used but may not be appropriate. The goal of this project was to develop a vascular network analysis protocol based on freely or commonly available software and compare its performance to that of a µCT trabecular analysis software. The protocol developed, called vascular network analysis or VNA, relies on two modules in Fiji ImageJ and a custom MATLAB program. We validated the software and compared it to a µCT trabecular analysis program (MicroCT) using in silico models of increasing complexity and differing homogeneity. In general, VNA outcomes were significantly different from true values, but most were within an acceptable percent error (<10%). VNA and MicroCT performed almost identically for volume but significantly differently for average vessel diameter. For the homogenous models, the average diameters differed only slightly but were starkly different for the heterogeneous models. In the most heterogeneous system, the MicroCT software overestimated average diameter by about 650% from true. VNA was within 1% of true for the same model. In conclusion, we have developed a program to analyze vascular networks from MicroCT scans which is easily accessible, insensitive to network homogeneity, and of higher accuracy compared to a µCT trabecular analysis software.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Peters
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri,Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Luke Vest
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri,Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew Schuelke
- Office of the Vice President of Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Andrew F. Hall
- Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah McBride-Gagyi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Nagy A, Pethő D, Gáll T, Zavaczki E, Nyitrai M, Posta J, Zarjou A, Agarwal A, Balla G, Balla J. Zinc Inhibits HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor-Aggravated VSMC Calcification Induced by High Phosphate. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1584. [PMID: 32009983 PMCID: PMC6974455 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a life-threatening clinical condition in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with reduced zinc serum levels. Anemia is another frequent complication of CKD. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers, also known as HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHI), are promising candidates to treat CKD-associated anemia by increasing erythropoietin synthesis. Recent evidence suggests that HIFs play a pivotal role in vascular calcification. Our study explored feasible impacts of HIF PHI on phosphate (Pi)-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and tested whether zinc might inhibit this mineralization process. Treatment of VSMCs with PHI aggravated Pi-induced calcium deposition and Pi uptake. PHI promoted Pi-induced loss of smooth muscle cell markers (ACTA-2, MYH11, SM22α) and enhanced osteochondrogenic gene expression (Msx-2, BMP-2, Sp7) triggering osteochondrogenic phenotypic switch of VSMCs. These effects of PHI paralleled with increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) expression, decreased Runx2 Ser451 phosphorylation, and reduced cell viability. Zinc inhibited Pi-induced mineralization of VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner and also attenuated the pro-calcification effect of PHI in Pi-induced mineralization. Zinc inhibited osteochondrogenic phenotypic switch of VSMCs reflected by lowering Pi uptake, decreasing the expressions of Msx-2, BMP-2, and Sp7 as well as the loss of smooth muscle cell-specific markers. Zinc preserved phosphorylation state of Runx2 Ser451, decreased PDK4 level, and restored cell viability. PHI alone reduced the expression of smooth muscle markers without inducing mineralization, which was also inhibited by zinc. In addition, we observed a significantly lower serum zinc level in CKD as well as in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy compared to healthy individuals. Conclusion - PHI promoted the loss of smooth muscle markers and augmented Pi-induced osteochondrogenic phenotypic switch leading to VSMCs calcification. This mineralization process was attenuated by zinc. Enhanced vascular calcification is a potential risk factor during PHI therapy in CKD which necessitates the strict follow up of vascular calcification and zinc supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Pethő
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gáll
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Zavaczki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Nyitrai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Posta
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, UD Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
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Zhao C, Yu T, Dou Q, Guo Y, Yang X, Chen Y. Knockout of TLR4 promotes fracture healing by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152766. [PMID: 31796334 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on fracture healing. METHODS The open tibial fracture models in TLR4 knockout (TLR4-/-) and wild type (WT) C57BL-6 J mice were established. The radiological examination, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, Micro-CT scan and biological torsion test were performed on 7, 14 and 21 days after operation. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit was used to detect the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of β-catenin, Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4 and 5B (Wnt4 and Wnt5B), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) of the callus tissue obtained from mice. RESULTS TLR4 knockout promoted fracture healing, reduced the number of osteoclasts, increased bone callus volume (BV) and callus mineralized volume fraction (BV/TV%) (P < 0.05), increased the maximum torque and torsional stiffness of callus (P < 0.05), reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression (P < 0.01), and increased the expression levels of β-catenin, Wnt4, Wnt5B, PCNA and BMP-2 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION TLR4 knockout reduced inflammatory and promoted fracture healing by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunju Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of ShanDong University, No. 107, Cultural West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, China; Department Of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of ShanDong University, No. 107, Cultural West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, China; Department Of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Qingjun Dou
- Department Of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department Of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Department Of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Yunzhen Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of ShanDong University, No. 107, Cultural West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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Goring A, Sharma A, Javaheri B, Smith RC, Kanczler JM, Boyde A, Hesse E, Mahajan S, Olsen BR, Pitsillides AA, Schneider P, Oreffo RO, Clarkin CE. Regulation of the Bone Vascular Network is Sexually Dimorphic. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:2117-2132. [PMID: 31269275 PMCID: PMC6899569 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast (OB) lineage cells are an important source of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is critical for bone growth and repair. During bone development, pubertal differences in males and females exist, but little is known about whether VEGF signaling contributes to skeletal sexual dimorphism. We have found that in mice, conditional disruption of VEGF in osteocalcin-expressing cells (OcnVEGFKO) exerts a divergent influence on morphological, cellular, and whole bone properties between sexes. Furthermore, we describe an underlying sexual divergence in VEGF signaling in OB cultures in vitro independent of circulating sex hormones. High-resolution synchrotron computed tomography and backscattered scanning electron microscopy revealed, in males, extensive unmineralized osteoid encasing enlarged blood vessel canals and osteocyte lacunae in cortical bone after VEGF deletion, which contributed to increased porosity. VEGF was deleted in male and female long bone-derived OBs (OBVEGKO) in vitro and Raman spectroscopic analyses of mineral and matrix repertoires highlighted differences between male and female OBVEGFKO cells, with increased immature phosphate species prevalent in male OBVEGFKO cultures versus wild type (WT). Further sexual dimorphism was observed in bone marrow endothelial cell gene expression in vitro after VEGF deletion and in sclerostin protein expression, which was increased in male OcnVEGFKO bones versus WT. The impact of altered OB matrix composition after VEGF deletion on whole bone geometry was assessed between sexes, although significant differences between OcnVEGFKO and WT were identified only in females. Our results suggest that bone-derived VEGF regulates matrix mineralization and vascularization distinctly in males and females, which results in divergent physical bone traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Goring
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Aikta Sharma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Behzad Javaheri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Rosanna Cg Smith
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cell and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Janos M Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cell and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alan Boyde
- Dental Physical Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eric Hesse
- Institute of Molecular Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- Institute for Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Philipp Schneider
- Bioengineering Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Oc Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cell and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Claire E Clarkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Perera N, Ritchie RH, Tate M. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Diabetic Complications. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 3:11-20. [PMID: 32259084 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes has reached epidemic proportions and is placing a significant burden on healthcare systems globally. Diabetes has a detrimental impact on many organs in the human body, including accelerating the development of micro- and macrovascular complications. Current therapeutic options to treat diabetic complications have their limitations. Importantly, many slow but fail to reverse the progression of diabetic complications. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a highly conserved subgroup of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, signaling via serine/threonine kinase receptors, that have recently been implicated in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the setting of diabetes. Downstream of the receptors, the signal can be transduced via the canonical Smad-dependent pathway or the noncanonical Smad-independent pathways. BMPs are essential in organ development, tissue homeostasis, and, as expected, disease pathogenesis. In fact, deletion of BMPs can be embryonically lethal or result in severe organ abnormalities. This review outlines the BMP signaling pathway and its relevance to diabetic complications, namely, diabetic nephropathy, diabetes-associated cardiovascular diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. Understanding the complexities of BMP signaling and particularly its tissue-, cellular-, and time-dependent actions will help delineate the underlying pathogenesis of the disease and may ultimately be harnessed in the treatment of diabetes-induced complications. This would replicate progress made in numerous other diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimna Perera
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Sivan U, De Angelis J, Kusumbe AP. Role of angiocrine signals in bone development, homeostasis and disease. Open Biol 2019; 9:190144. [PMID: 31575330 PMCID: PMC6833221 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal vasculature plays a central role in the maintenance of microenvironments for osteogenesis and haematopoiesis. In addition to supplying oxygen and nutrients, vasculature provides a number of inductive factors termed as angiocrine signals. Blood vessels drive recruitment of osteoblast precursors and bone formation during development. Angiogenesis is indispensable for bone repair and regeneration. Dysregulation of the angiocrine crosstalk is a hallmark of ageing and pathobiological conditions in the skeletal system. The skeletal vascular bed is complex, heterogeneous and characterized by distinct capillary subtypes (type H and type L), which exhibit differential expression of angiocrine factors. Furthermore, distinct blood vessel subtypes with differential angiocrine profiles differentially regulate osteogenesis and haematopoiesis, and drive disease states in the skeletal system. This review provides an overview of the role of angiocrine signals in bone during homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnikrishnan Sivan
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jessica De Angelis
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
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Inhibiting expression of Cxcl9 promotes angiogenesis in MSCs-HUVECs co-culture. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 675:108108. [PMID: 31550444 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The insufficient vascularization is a major challenge in bone tissue engineering, leading to partial necrosis of the implant. Pre-vascularization is a promising way via in vitro cells co-culture strategies using osteogenic cells and vasculogenic cells, and the cross-talk of cells is essential. In the present study, the effect of rat bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on angiogenic capability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in growth medium (GM) and osteogenic induction medium (OIM) was investigated. It was demonstrated that cells co-cultured in OIM showed high efficiency in osteogenesis but failed to form capillary-like structure while the results of co-culture in GM were the opposite. By comparing the angiogenic capacity of co-cultures under GM and OIM, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (Cxcl9), secreted by BMSCs in OIM, was identified to be an angiostatic factor to counter-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prevent its binding to HUVECs, which abrogated angiogenesis of MSCs-ECs co-culture. Moreover, Cxcl9 was proved to suppress the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs monoculture. The molecular mechanism of Cxcl9 activation in BMSCs involved mTOR/STAT1 signaling pathway. Therefore, blocking this signaling pathway via rapamycin addition resulted in the inhibition of Cxcl9 and improvement of osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic capacity of co-culture in OIM. These results reveal that Cxcl9 is a negative modulator of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and its inhibition could promote pre-vascularization of bone tissue engineering.
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Böhm AM, Dirckx N, Tower RJ, Peredo N, Vanuytven S, Theunis K, Nefyodova E, Cardoen R, Lindner V, Voet T, Van Hul M, Maes C. Activation of Skeletal Stem and Progenitor Cells for Bone Regeneration Is Driven by PDGFRβ Signaling. Dev Cell 2019; 51:236-254.e12. [PMID: 31543445 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone repair and regeneration critically depend on the activation and recruitment of osteogenesis-competent skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs). Yet, the origin and triggering cues for SSPC propagation and migration remain largely elusive. Through bulk and single-cell transcriptome profiling of fetal osterix (Osx)-expressing cells, followed by lineage mapping, cell tracing, and conditional mouse mutagenesis, we here identified PDGF-PDGFRβ signaling as critical functional mediator of SSPC expansion, migration, and angiotropism during bone repair. Our data show that cells marked by a history of Osx expression, including those arising in fetal or early postnatal periods, represent or include SSPCs capable of delivering all the necessary differentiated progeny to repair acute skeletal injuries later in life, provided that they express functional PDGFRβ. Mechanistically, MMP-9 and VCAM-1 appear to be involved downstream of PDGF-PDGFRβ. Our results reveal considerable cellular dynamism in the skeletal system and show that activation and recruitment of SSPCs for bone repair require functional PDGFRβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marei Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naomi Dirckx
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert J Tower
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Peredo
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Vanuytven
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Theunis
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Nefyodova
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Cardoen
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christa Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Núñez-Toldrà R, Montori S, Bosch B, Hupa L, Atari M, Miettinen S. S53P4 Bioactive Glass Inorganic Ions for Vascularized Bone Tissue Engineering by Dental Pulp Pluripotent-Like Stem Cell Cocultures. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1213-1224. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Núñez-Toldrà
- Regenerative Medicine Research Institute, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheyla Montori
- Regenerative Medicine Research Institute, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Bosch
- Regenerative Medicine Research Institute, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leena Hupa
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Maher Atari
- Regenerative Medicine Research Institute, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Surgery and Oral Implantology Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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G F Tresguerres F, Cortes ARG, Hernandez Vallejo G, Cabrejos-Azama J, Tamimi F, Torres J. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of allogeneic block grafts for maxillary lateral ridge augmentation: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21:1087-1098. [PMID: 31419002 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A main drawback of bone block graft surgery is the resorption occurring in early stages of healing. To our knowledge, there are no studies comparing outcomes of freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) blocks with different architecture. PURPOSE The aim of this work was to investigate different factors that can affect graft resorption and to compare the resorption rates of two different types of allogeneic blocks, corticocancellous and cancellous. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized clinical trial was designed. Twenty-eight patients referred for onlay bone augmentation prior to implant placement were included in the study. Preoperative computerized tomography (CT) was taken for all patients. Patients received FDBA blocks of either cancellous or corticocancellous bone obtained from the iliac crest. After a 4-month follow-up, postoperative CT was taken. Then, another surgery was performed, with the purpose to place dental implants. The aforementioned groups were compared for bone resorption and implant outcome using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and repeated ANOVA measures, respectively. Demographic data, trabecular bone density, and graft sites were also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 93 implants were placed in the augmented bone sites over 28 patients. A 100% survival rate was achieved during a mean follow-up period of 24 months in both groups. Higher bone resorption rate was found with cancellous bone grafts (29.2% ± 2.6) compared with corticocancellous grafts (19.3% ± 2.3). Moreover, higher resorption rates in patients with lower bone density (<185 Hounsfield Units) (31.7% ± 3.1) and smokers (26.39% ± 2.3) were observed when compared with patients with higher bone density (>185 Hounsfield Units) (16.8% ± 2.1) and nonsmokers (22.1% ± 2.3), respectively. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, these findings indicate that both corticocancellous and cancellous FDBA grafts constitute a clinical acceptable alternative for bone reconstruction, although cancellous grafts present higher resorption rates. Moreover, host factors such as patient's low bone density and smoking habits may also increase graft resorption rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G F Tresguerres
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arthur R G Cortes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Hernandez Vallejo
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jatsue Cabrejos-Azama
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Jesusis Torres
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Hu C, Ashok D, Nisbet DR, Gautam V. Bioinspired surface modification of orthopedic implants for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2019; 219:119366. [PMID: 31374482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical implants have been widely used in various orthopedic treatments, including total hip arthroplasty, joint arthrodesis, fracture fixation, non-union, dental repair, etc. The modern research and development of orthopedic implants have gradually shifted from traditional mechanical support to a bioactive graft in order to endow them with better osteoinduction and osteoconduction. Inspired by structural and mechanical properties of natural bone, this review provides a panorama of current biological surface modifications for facilitating the interaction between medical implants and bone tissue and gives a future outlook for fabricating the next-generation multifunctional and smart implants by systematically biomimicking the physiological processes involved in formation and functioning of bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Deepu Ashok
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Vini Gautam
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Angiogenesis involvement by octacalcium phosphate-gelatin composite-driven bone regeneration in rat calvaria critical-sized defect. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:514-526. [PMID: 30776505 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Effect of octacalcium phosphate/gelatin composite (OCP/Gel) on angiogenesis was studied by its implantation in rat calvaria critical-sized defect in relation to bone regeneration for 2 and 4 weeks. The implantation of OCP/Gel disks was analyzed by radiomorphometry using a radiopaque material perfusion (Microfil®) method and histomorphometry by hematoxylin and eosin-staining before and after the decalcification. Effect of the OCP dose in the range up to 4 mg per well on the capillary-like tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was also examined in a transwell cell culture. The results showed that the blood vessels formation by OCP/Gel group was significantly higher at 2 weeks than other groups but decreased at 4 weeks during the advancement of new bone formation. The capillary-like tube formation was highest in an OCP dose of 1 mg per well while other OCP doses above or below 1 mg did not show such a stimulatory effect. The results established both in vivo and in vitro confirmed that OCP has a positive effect on angiogenesis during bone regeneration in a suitable dose ranges, suggesting that the angiogenesis stimulated by OCP could be involved in the OCP/Gel-enhanced bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We have reported that octacalcium phosphate (OCP) materials display stimulatory capacities on the bone tissue-related cells. However, the effect of OCP on the angiogenesis and its relation to the OCP-enhanced bone regeneration is unknown. This study confirmed the capacity of OCP on angiogenesis before increasing the new bone mass after the implantation of a composite of OCP and gelatin (OCP/Gel). The blood vessels formation took place associated with the area beginning of the new bone formation, which finally decreased together with development of bone formation. Because OCP was ascertained stimulating the capillary-like tube formation in HUVEC culture with a certain OCP dose, the present study is the first report showing the capacity of OCP on angiogenesis during the OCP/Gel-enhanced bone regeneration.
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Shi R, Huang Y, Ma C, Wu C, Tian W. Current advances for bone regeneration based on tissue engineering strategies. Front Med 2018; 13:160-188. [PMID: 30047029 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a rapidly developing strategy for repairing critical-sized bone defects to address the unmet need for bone augmentation and skeletal repair. Effective therapies for bone regeneration primarily require the coordinated combination of innovative scaffolds, seed cells, and biological factors. However, current techniques in bone tissue engineering have not yet reached valid translation into clinical applications because of several limitations, such as weaker osteogenic differentiation, inadequate vascularization of scaffolds, and inefficient growth factor delivery. Therefore, further standardized protocols and innovative measures are required to overcome these shortcomings and facilitate the clinical application of these techniques to enhance bone regeneration. Given the deficiency of comprehensive studies in the development in BTE, our review systematically introduces the new types of biomimetic and bifunctional scaffolds. We describe the cell sources, biology of seed cells, growth factors, vascular development, and the interactions of relevant molecules. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and perspectives that may propel the direction of future clinical delivery in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Yuelong Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Chengai Wu
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China. .,Department of Spine Surgery of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, 100035, China.
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