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Gulubova M, Tolekova A, Berbatov D, Aydogdu N. Development of pancreatic islet cells in the extrahepatic bile ducts of rats with experimentally-induced metabolic syndrome. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37651586 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2252205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is data about the existence of some endocrine cells in the epithelial layer of the bile duct in humans and rats. OBJECTIVE We evaluated Ghrelin-, Insulin-, Glucagon- and Somatostatin-positive cells in peribiliary glands, mast cells, and nerve fibres. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were used for dietary manipulation with a 15% fructose solution for 12 weeks. Tissue samples were elaborated with immunohistochemistry for Insulin, Glucagon, Ghrelin, and Somatostatin. Glucose and lipid parameters were studied. RESULTS In treated animals, Ghrelin+ and Insulin+ cells in perybiliary glands (PBGs) were significantly increased. In the male fructose group there was a significant increase of the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). CONCLUSIONS Stem/progenitor cells in extrahepatic bile tree (EHBT) could be a source of Insulin-producing cells in metabolic syndrome. Fructose treatment induces the increase of Ghrelin+ and Insulin+ cells in PBGs and the elevation of Insulin and Ghrelin plasma concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Gulubova
- Department of pathology, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Tolekova
- Medical College, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Singh RS, Chaudhary DK, Mohan A, Kumar P, Chaturvedi CP, Ecelbarger CM, Godbole MM, Tiwari S. Greater efficacy of atorvastatin versus a non-statin lipid-lowering agent against renal injury: potential role as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38034. [PMID: 27901066 PMCID: PMC5128790 DOI: 10.1038/srep38034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors have been shown to improve diabetic nephropathy. However, whether they provide protection via Histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibition is not clear. We conducted a comparative evaluation of Atorvastatin (AT) versus the non-statin cholesterol-lowering drug, Ezetimibe (EZT) on severity of diabetic nephropathy. Streptozotocin-treated male Wistar rats were fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet and gavaged daily with vehicle, AT or EZT. Control rats received normal diet and gavaged vehicle (n = 8-9/group). Diabetes increased blood glucose, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), kidney pathology and HDAC activity, and reduced renal E-cadherin levels. Both AT and EZT reduced circulating cholesterol, attenuated renal pathology, and did not lower blood glucose. However, AT was significantly more effective than EZT at reducing kidney pathology and HDAC activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed a significantly higher association of acetylated H3 and H4 with the E-cadherin promoter in kidneys from AT-, relative to EZT- or vehicle-treated rats. Moreover, we demonstrated a direct effect of AT, but not EZT, on HDAC-inhibition and, H3 and H4- acetylation in primary glomerular mesangial cells. Overall, both AT and EZT attenuated diabetic nephropathy; however, AT exhibited greater efficacy despite a similar reduction in circulating cholesterol. HDAC-inhibition may underlie greater efficacy of statins in attenuating kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar Singh
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Aradhana Mohan
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Madan M. Godbole
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Mohan A, Singh RS, Kumari M, Garg D, Upadhyay A, Ecelbarger CM, Tripathy S, Tiwari S. Urinary Exosomal microRNA-451-5p Is a Potential Early Biomarker of Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154055. [PMID: 27101382 PMCID: PMC4839711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive renal signatures can help in serial monitoring of diabetic patients. We tested whether urinary exosomal (UE) microRNA (miR) analysis could non-invasively predict renal pathology in diabetic rats during the course of diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg body weight). Non-diabetic control (CTRL) rats were injected with vehicle. Insulin (INS) treatment (5U/d, s.c.) was provided to 50% of the DM rats. Urine samples were collected at weeks 3, 6, and 9 following injections and UE prepared. An increase in miR-451-5p and miR-16, observed by pilot small RNA sequencing of UE RNA, was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and selected for further study. Subsets of rats were euthanized after 3, 6, and 9 weeks of diabetes for renal pathology analysis, including determination of the tubulointerstitial fibrotic index (TFI) and glomerulosclerotic index (GI) scores. qPCR showed a substantial rise in miR-451-5p in UE from DM rats during the course of diabetes, with a significant rise (median fold change >1000) between 3 and 6 weeks. Moreover, UE miR-451-5p at 6 weeks predicted urine albumin at 9 weeks (r = 0.76). A delayed but significant rise was also observed for miR-16. In contrast, mean urine albumin only increased 21% between 3 and 6 weeks (non-significant rise), and renal TFI and GI were unchanged till 9 weeks. Renal expression of miR-451-5p and miR-16 (at 10 weeks) did not correlate with urine levels, and moreover, was negatively associated with indices of renal pathology (r≥-0.70, p = 0.005 for TFI and r≥-0.6, p≤0.02 for GI). Overall, a relative elevation in renal miR-451-5p and miR-16 in diabetes appeared protective against diabetes-induced kidney fibrosis; while UE miR-451-5p may hold prognostic value as an early and sensitive non-invasive indicator of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Mohan
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Singh
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Kumari
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devika Garg
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Upadhyay
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Carolyn M. Ecelbarger
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Sucheta Tripathy
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Islets form in the pancreas after the first endocrine cells have arisen as either single cells or small cell clusters in the epithelial cords. These cords constitute the developing pancreas in one of its earliest recognizable stages. Islet formation begins at the time the cords transform into a branching ductal system, continues while the ductal system expands, and finally stops before the exocrine tissue of ducts and acini reaches its final expansion. Thus, islets continuously arise from founder cells located in the branching and ramifying ducts. Islets arising from proximal duct cells locate between the exocrine lobules, develop strong autonomic and sensory innervations, and pass their blood to efferent veins (insulo-venous efferent system). Islets arising from cells of more distal ducts locate within the exocrine lobules, respond to nerve impulses ending at neighbouring blood vessels, and pass their blood to the surrounding acini (insulo-acinar portal system). Consequently, the section of the ductal system from which an islet arises determines to a large extent its future neighbouring tissue, architecture, properties, and functions. We note that islets interlobular in position are frequently found in rodents (rats and mice), whereas intralobularly-located, peripheral duct islets prevail in humans and cattle. Also, we expound on bovine foetal Laguesse islets as a prominent foetal type of type 1 interlobular neuro-insular complexes, similar to neuro-insular associations frequently found in rodents. Finally, we consider the probable physiological and pathophysiological implications of the different islet positions within and between species.
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Possible role of Omega-3 on the pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in adult albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000431956.27366.8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Akbar DH, Hagras MM, Amin HA, Khorshid OA. Comparison between the effect of glibenclamide and captopril on experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 14:103-15. [PMID: 23077081 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312460881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to elucidate the role of glibenclamide in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy and to compare it with a reference drug captopril in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were two main groups of rats. Control group (I) was subdivided into four subgroups which received distilled water, vehicle of streptozotocin, glibenclamide or captopril. The streptozotocin-diabetic Group (II) was subdivided into three subgroups: untreated, glibenclamide or captopril treated. Measurement of arterial blood pressure, serum glucose and creatinine levels, 24 h urinary protein and albumin/creatinine ratio, kidney weight and its histological examination were done after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of treatment. RESULTS In treated diabetic rats captopril reduced blood pressure significantly, while no significant change in the mean arterial blood pressure or blood glucose level was recorded with glibenclamide treatment. Glibenclamide and captopril-treated diabetic rats showed significant decrease in serum creatinine level, urine volume, urinary protein excretion, albumin:creatinine ratio and kidney:body weight ratio compared with the diabetic non-treated group. Histological examination of diabetic kidneys treated with either glibenclamide or captopril showed reduced glomerular hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis, tubular degeneration and interstitial fibrosis compared with untreated diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Glibenclamide attenuated some biochemical and histological changes produced by diabetic nephropathy, despite persistent hyperglycemia and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daad H Akbar
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz, University, Saudi Arabia
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Chan YC, Leung PS. The Renin-angiotensin system and reactive oxygen species: implications in pancreatitis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2743-55. [PMID: 21644836 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a circulating hormonal system involved in the regulation of blood pressure and circulating fluid electrolytes. Recent findings have revealed that locally generated angiotensin (Ang) II plays a pivotal role in normal physiology as well as pathophysiology in various tissues and organs, including the pancreas. This review article summarizes current progress that has been made in elucidating the putative roles of Ang II in both acute and chronic pancreatitis. RECENT ADVANCES A convergence of evidence suggests that the underlying mechanism may involve reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating systems, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and subsequent elevation of proinflammatory and profibrogenic gene expression as well as protein activity. More importantly, Ang II-induced ROS interacts with other ROS-generating systems to positively feed-forward the ROS-induced signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Advances in basic research indicate that RAS blockers may provide potential therapeutic role for the management of pancreatic inflammation and, more importantly, pancreatitis-associated complications. Genetic alterations resulting from a malfunction in the epigenetic control of pancreatic RAS could be a causative factor in the development of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk Cheung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Teritories, Hong Kong, China
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Bertelli E, Bendayan M. Association between endocrine pancreas and ductal system. More than an epiphenomenon of endocrine differentiation and development? J Histochem Cytochem 2005; 53:1071-86. [PMID: 15956021 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5r6640.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional histological descriptions of the pancreas distinguish between the exocrine and the endocrine pancreas, as if they were two functionally distinct glands. This view has been proven incorrect and can be considered obsolete. Interactions between acinar and islet tissues have been well established through numerous studies that reveal the existence of anatomical and functional relationships between these compartments of the gland. Less attention, however, has traditionally been paid to the relationships occurring between the endocrine pancreas and the ductal system. Associations between islet tissue and ducts are considered by most researchers as only a transient epiphenomenon of endocrine development. This article reviews the evidence that has emerged in the last 10 years demonstrating the existence of stable, close, and systematic relationships between these two pancreatic compartments. Functional and pathophysiological implications are considered, and the existence of an "acinar-duct-islet" axis is put forward. The pancreas appears at present to be an integrated organ composed of three functionally related components of well-orchestrated endocrine and exocrine physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Bertelli
- Department of Pharmacology Giorgio Segre, Section of Morphology, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
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