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Ameloot P, Declercq W, Fiers W, Vandenabeele P, Brouckaert P. Heterotrimers Formed by Tumor Necrosis Factors of Different Species or Muteins. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:27098-103. [PMID: 11371574 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104486200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Incubation of murine tumor necrosis factor (mTNF) at subnanomolar concentrations results in partial dissociation of the trimers, coinciding with a decrease in bioactivity. Using size-exclusion chromatography, we observed that the conversion of labeled mTNF to monomers is not only prevented by coincubation with an excess of unlabeled mTNF but also with unlabeled human TNF (hTNF). Moreover, after coincubation of mTNF and hTNF four different TNF complexes were revealed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, viz. homotrimeric mTNF and hTNF, as well as two complexes with an intermediate migration pattern. Analytical gel filtration in combination with native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot immunodetection indicated that these new complexes consisted of heterotrimeric TNF molecules. We conclude that an exchange of monomers takes place during coincubation of two different species of TNF, which results in homotrimeric and heterotrimeric TNF. To assess receptor interaction in vitro, TNF heterotrimeric molecules were used as obtained after incubation of mTNF with labeled hTNF (which only binds to mTNF receptor I) or with labeled mutein mTNF75 (specific for mTNF receptor II). These heterotrimers were retained by both mTNF receptors, which means that the mTNF subunits incorporated in heterotrimeric complexes still can bind to both types of TNF receptor. In addition, the gradual decrease in mTNF bioactivity during preincubation at subnanomolar concentrations was prevented by the presence of mutein mTNF75, which is inactive in an L929 cytotoxicity assay, indicating that heterotrimerization can influence the overall bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ameloot
- Department of Molecular Biology, Unit of Molecular Pathophysiology and Experimental Therapy, and Unit of Molecular Signaling and Cell Death, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Nicolaidou E, Okada Y, Zuo XJ, Toyoda M, Marchevsky A, Matloff J, Jordan SC. Prolongation of skin allograft survival is associated with reduced Th1 cytokine responses in the WKY-->F344 rat model. Transplantation 1999; 68:1393-401. [PMID: 10573081 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199911150-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported previously that F344 rats develop a spontaneous tolerance to WKY lung allografts and show long-term retention of donor-specific skin grafts placed 35 days after lung transplantation. In this study, we investigated the immunologic mechanisms that may be responsible for the prolonged skin graft survival in animals tolerized with lung allografts. METHODS In the rejection group, WKY skin grafts were placed on normal F344 rats, whereas, in the tolerance group, the skin grafts were placed on F344 rats that had received a WKY lung transplant 35 days before skin grafting. Th1 (interleukin [IL]-2 and interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine as well as transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA expression in skin grafts and in draining lymph nodes were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration in skin grafts and the number of Langerhans cells in epidermal sheets of the grafts were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression was significantly decreased in both the skin grafts and the draining lymph nodes of the tolerance group, compared to the rejection group, whereas IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA expression was similar in both groups and IL-4 mRNA was rarely detected. Decreased and delayed CD8+, macrophage, and natural killer cell infiltration in the skin grafts from the tolerance group was also detected. Similar reduction in the number of Langerhans cells in the epidermis of the grafts from both groups was seen on day 1 after skin grafting, and thereafter the number remained stable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Reduced expression of Th1 cytokines and decreased infiltration of CD8+ cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells in the skin grafts may be responsible for prolongation of skin graft survival in the tolerance group.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nicolaidou
- Steven Spielberg Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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Josien R, Cuturi MC, Douillard P, Heslan M, Heslan JM, Soulillou JP. Recombinant IFN-gamma abrogates allograft tolerance induced by donor-specific blood transfusion by restoring alloantibody production. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:317-26. [PMID: 9933114 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199901)29:01<317::aid-immu317>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Donor-specific tolerance to heart allograft was induced in adult Lewis rats by pregraft donor-specific blood transfusion (DST). We previously showed that this tolerant state is characterized by a dramatic inhibition of T cell and macrophage activation. In addition, tolerant animals could not mount an efficient anti-donor humoral response whereas transfer of sera from rejecting animals triggered rejection in tolerant animals. This tolerance can be abrogated by daily post-graft administration of recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma). To elucidate the mechanisms of action of rIFN-gamma, T cell, macrophage and B cell functions were assessed in allograft recipients. IFN-gamma did not restore the expression of Th1-related cytokine mRNA or the activated macrophage product inducible nitric oxide synthase in allografts. Importantly, rIFN-gamma treatment promptly restored the anti-donor humoral response in DST-treated recipients. We conclude that rIFN-gamma treatment in DST-treated allograft recipients cannot reverse the unresponsive state of Th1 cells and macrophages infiltrating the graft, but can provide B cell help for IgG alloantibody production which is lacking in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Josien
- INSERM Unité 437 and Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, Nantes, France
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4
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Benizri E, Gugenheim J, Lasfar A, Eid P, Blanchard B, Lallemand C, Tovey MG. Prolonged allograft survival in cynomolgus monkeys treated with a monoclonal antibody to the human type I interferon receptor and low doses of cyclosporine. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1998; 18:273-84. [PMID: 9568730 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1998.18.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the extracellular domain of the IFNAR1 chain of the human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) receptor (IFN-alphaR), which inhibits activation of the Jak-Stat signal transduction pathway, administered together with a subeffective dose of cyclosporine induced prolonged survival of skin allografts in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) divergent cynomolgus monkeys. Skin biopsies from animals treated with anti-IFN-alphaR mAb and cyclosporine revealed very low levels of MHC class I and class II antigen expression and the absence of histologic signs of rejection. Monkey antibodies (IgG) to the mouse antihuman IFN-alphaR mAb were not detected in the serum of any of the animals treated with the anti-IFN-alphaR mAb either alone or together with cyclosporine. The anti-IFN-alphaR mAb abrogated activation of the Jak-Stat signal transduction pathway in IFN-treated cells. These results, which show that selective and long-lasting immunosuppression can be obtained by short-term administration of an IFN-alpha antagonist together with a subeffective dose of cyclosporine, may have important implications for the therapy of human allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Benizri
- Laboratoire de Recherches Chirurgicales, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France
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5
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Konieczny BT, Dai Z, Elwood ET, Saleem S, Linsley PS, Baddoura FK, Larsen CP, Pearson TC, Lakkis FG. IFN-γ Is Critical for Long-Term Allograft Survival Induced by Blocking the CD28 and CD40 Ligand T Cell Costimulation Pathways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.5.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
It is postulated that IFN-γ production hinders long-term acceptance of transplanted organs. To test this hypothesis, we compared survival of skin and heart allografts in wild-type (IFN-γ+/+) mice to that in IFN-γ gene knockout (IFN-γ−/−) mice. We found that perioperative blockade of the CD28 and/or CD40 ligand T cell costimulation pathways induces long-term skin and heart allograft survival in IFN-γ+/+ recipients but fails to do so in IFN-γ−/− mice or in wild-type mice treated with IFN-γ-neutralizing Ab at the time of transplantation. In vitro studies showed that endogenously produced IFN-γ down-regulates T cell proliferation and CTL generation in MLCs. These actions of IFN-γ were not mediated by TNF-α production or Fas-Fas ligand interactions. In vivo studies revealed exaggerated expansion and, subsequently, impaired deletion of superantigen-reactive T lymphocytes in IFN-γ−/− mice injected with staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Taken together, our findings indicate that IFN-γ does not hinder but instead facilitates induction of long-term allograft survival possibly by limiting expansion of activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumila T. Konieczny
- *Renal Division, Department of Medicine and
- The Carlos and Marguerite Mason Transplantation Research Center,
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- *Renal Division, Department of Medicine and
- The Carlos and Marguerite Mason Transplantation Research Center,
| | - Eric T. Elwood
- †Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30033
- The Carlos and Marguerite Mason Transplantation Research Center,
| | - Sohail Saleem
- *Renal Division, Department of Medicine and
- The Carlos and Marguerite Mason Transplantation Research Center,
| | - Peter S. Linsley
- ‡Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98121; and
- The Carlos and Marguerite Mason Transplantation Research Center,
| | - Fady K. Baddoura
- §Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14215
- The Carlos and Marguerite Mason Transplantation Research Center,
| | - Christian P. Larsen
- †Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30033
- The Carlos and Marguerite Mason Transplantation Research Center,
| | - Thomas C. Pearson
- †Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30033
- The Carlos and Marguerite Mason Transplantation Research Center,
| | - Fadi G. Lakkis
- *Renal Division, Department of Medicine and
- The Carlos and Marguerite Mason Transplantation Research Center,
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Sabatine MS, Laufer T, Glimcher LH, Widmer M, Winn H, Auchincloss H. Delayed rejection of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-secreting tumor allografts. Transplantation 1998; 65:113-20. [PMID: 9448155 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199801150-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exogenous soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) has been shown to be an effective immunosuppressant. It has yet to be tested whether tissues secreting soluble TNFR, when transplanted into a foreign host, could locally generate immunosuppression and therefore manifest prolonged survival. METHODS A murine tumor line was transfected with the gene encoding a chimeric protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the human 75-kDa TNFR fused to the Fc region of the human IgG1 heavy chain. This tumor line was then injected into allogeneic recipients. RESULTS Transfected tumor cells were shown to secrete soluble TNFR. When transplanted into minor histocompatibility antigen-disparate allogeneic recipients, these tumor cells grew as a solid tumor and resisted rejection, whereas untransfected tumors and interleukin-4 receptor transfectant controls were rejected within 4 weeks. The resistance to rejection could be reversed by coadministration of an anti-TNFR monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSIONS Prolongation of graft survival can be achieved by genetically altering transplanted tissue to secrete soluble cytokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Sabatine
- Transplantation Unit of the General Surgical Service, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
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7
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Blancho G, Gianello PR, Lorf T, Germana S, Giangrande I, Mourad G, Colvin RB, Sachs DH, LeGuern C. Molecular and cellular events implicated in local tolerance to kidney allografts in miniature swine. Transplantation 1997; 63:26-33. [PMID: 9000656 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199701150-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-term tolerance to class I-mismatched renal allografts can be induced in miniature swine by treatment with a short course of cyclosporine (CsA). Kidney recipients treated with CsA and untreated control kidney recipients both demonstrated infiltration of the transplanted kidney by mononuclear cells, which reached a maximum between postoperative days 8 and 11. Recipients that did not receive the tolerizing regimen rejected their grafts between postoperative days 8 and 12 in this model. The kinetics of cytokine gene expression, including interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), within the grafted kidney of rejector and acceptor animals, were determined using Northern blot hybridization. A strong correlation between rejection and up-regulation of the IFN-gamma gene was observed, whereas animals with long-term tolerance showed low levels of IFN-gamma, but high levels of IL-10 gene transcription. None of the other cytokine genes demonstrated a reproducible pattern of expression that correlated with acceptance/rejection of allografts. Analysis of transcription patterns of cytokine genes in mononuclear cells purified from renal grafts confirmed the initial observations made on biopsies. The phenotype of graft-infiltrating cells (GIC) showed a dominance of CD8+ cells, with an average of 66% single-positive cells and 19% CD4/CD8 double-positive cells, compared with 30% and 14%, respectively, for peripheral cells. Predominance of CD8+ GIC was dictated neither by the MHC antigen disparity nor the rejector/acceptor status. These results, therefore, suggest that GIC represent a regulated combination of mononuclear cells producing local immune mediators that, in part, control the fate of allografts in this large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Blancho
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02129, USA
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8
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Saleem S, Konieczny BT, Lowry RP, Baddoura FK, Lakkis FG. Acute rejection of vascularized heart allografts in the absence of IFNgamma. Transplantation 1996; 62:1908-11. [PMID: 8990385 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199612270-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that IFNgamma plays a central role in acute allograft rejection. To test this hypothesis, we transplanted fully allogeneic (MHC class I and II incompatible) C3H/HeJ (H2k) murine hearts to IFNgamma-/- (IFNgamma gene-knockout) and IFNgamma+/+ BALB/c (H2d) mice. The phenotype of IFNgamma-/- mice was confirmed by demonstrating absent IFNgamma protein production by Con A stimulated IFNgamma-/- splenocytes. Both IFNgamma-/- and IFNgamma+/+ strains rejected transplanted hearts acutely: graft survival (mean +/- SD) was 5.2+/-0.4 and 6.0+/-0.0 days, respectively. Histologic examination revealed similar patterns of acute cellular rejection in both mouse groups. IFNgamma mRNA was present in hearts rejected by IFNgamma+/+ mice but was absent in those rejected by IFNgamma-/- mice. IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and TNFalpha mRNA expression, on the other hand, was similar in grafts rejected by either strain. We also observed that hapten-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was significantly reduced but not absent in IFNgamma-/- mice. Our results demonstrate that IFNgamma is not required for acute cellular rejection of fully allogeneic murine hearts. We propose that non-DTH mechanisms of allograft destruction could be enhanced in the absence of IFNgamma and thus lead to robust acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saleem
- Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30033, USA
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9
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Lee PP, Ramanathan M, Hunt CA, Garovoy MR. An oligonucleotide blocks interferon-gamma signal transduction. Transplantation 1996; 62:1297-301. [PMID: 8932275 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199611150-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-gamma is an important mediator of transplant graft rejection. It induces endothelial cell expression of HLA-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, which render transplant grafts more susceptible to rejection by the host. Oligonucleotide 5'-GGG GTT GGT TGT GTT GGG TGT TGT GT-RNH2 (oligo I) blocks multiple IFN-gamma effects in human K562 cell cultures. A systematic approach revealed that oligo I has a novel, and potentially important, mode of action--it blocks the binding of IFN-gamma to its receptor, thus preventing activation of the IFN-gamma signal transduction pathway. The results are consistent with an aptamer mechanism of action, because oligo I exerts its inhibitory effects by interacting with protein, not intracellular nucleic acid targets, such as mRNA or genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Lee
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0446, USA
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10
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Schmitt DA, Sonnenfeld G, Husson D, Tkaczuk J, André E, Schaffar L. In vitro interleukin-1 and 2 production and interleukin 2 receptor expression in the rhesus monkey. Life Sci 1996; 59:931-7. [PMID: 8795704 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Anti-human monoclonal antibodies were used to detect and quantify interleukins-1 and 2 and interleukin-2 receptor expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a rhesus monkey. Interleukin-1 production could be induced by phorbol esters (PMA) and was potentiated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Interleukin-2 secretion could also be induced by the combination of PHA and PMA, but only weakly with PHA alone. Interleukin-2 receptor expression was present in a subpopulation of unstimulated lymphocytes and could be enhanced by PHA or PMA. These data show once again that the rhesus monkey immune system is cross-reactive with the human one and that rhesus macaque could be a good model to study interleukin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Schmitt
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine et CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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11
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Masroor S, Schroeder TJ, Michler RE, Alexander JW, First MR. Monoclonal antibodies in organ transplantation: an overview. Transpl Immunol 1994; 2:176-89. [PMID: 8000847 DOI: 10.1016/0966-3274(94)90059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Masroor
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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12
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Dallman MJ. The cytokine network and regulation of the immune response to organ transplants. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0955-470x(10)80006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Stevens HP, Kwast TH, Timmermans A, Stouten N, Jonker M. Monoclonal antibodies for immunohistochemical labeling of immunocompetent cells in frozen sections of rhesus monkey tissues. J Med Primatol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1991.tb00557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hieronymus P.J.D. Stevens
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital DijkzigtRotterdam
- Department of ImmunologyITRI and Primate Center TNORijswijk
| | | | | | - Nel Stouten
- Department of PathologyErasmus University RotterdamThe Netherlands
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Dallman
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
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