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Azmandian J, Mohamadifar M, Rahmanian-Koshkaki S, Mehdipoor M, Nematollahi MH, Saburi A, Mandegary A. Study of the association between the donors and recipients angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and the acute renal allograft rejection. J Nephropathol 2015; 4:62-8. [PMID: 26311652 PMCID: PMC4544556 DOI: 10.12860/jnp.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is involved in various pathophysiological conditions including renal function. ACE levels are under genetic control.
Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the association between the donors and recipients ACE-I/D gene polymorphism and risk of acute rejection outcome in renal allograft recipients.
Patients and Methods: ACE-I/D polymorphism was determined in 200 donor-recipient pairs who had been referred to Afzalipour hospital in Kerman. ACE-I/D polymorphism was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Acute rejection (AR) during at least six months post-transplantation was defined as a 20% increase in creatinine level from the postoperative baseline in the absence of other causes of graft dysfunction which responded to antirejection therapy.
Results: The observed allele frequencies were II 9.8%, ID 35.6% and DD 44.4% in donors and II 9.8%, ID 35.1% and DD 52.7% in recipients. There were no significant association between ACE genotypes and AR episodes (ORID=0.96 [0.18-5.00] and ORDD: 1.24 [0.25-6.07] for the donors) and (ORID: 0.29 [0.06-1.45] and ORDD: 0.75 [0.19-2.90] for the recipients).
Conclusions: It seems that donor and recipient ACE-I/D genotype might not be a risk factor for acute renal allograft rejection. However, due to conflicting results from this and other studies, multicenter collaborative studies with more participants and concomitant evaluation of ACE polymorphism with other polymorphisms in renin–angiotensin system (RAS) are suggested to determine whether ACE genotypes are significant predictors of renal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Azmandian
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran ; Department of Nephrology, Urology and Renal Transplantation, Afzalipoor Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohamadamir Mohamadifar
- Department of Nephrology, Urology and Renal Transplantation, Afzalipoor Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Rahmanian-Koshkaki
- Department of Nephrology, Urology and Renal Transplantation, Afzalipoor Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdipoor
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohamad-Hadi Nematollahi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amin Saburi
- Birjand Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Jia M, Yang B, Li Z, Shen H, Song X, Gu W. Computational analysis of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the CYP11B2 gene. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104311. [PMID: 25102047 PMCID: PMC4125216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variations in humans and play a major role in the genetics of human phenotype variation and the genetic basis of human complex diseases. Recently, there is considerable interest in understanding the possible role of the CYP11B2 gene with corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency, primary aldosteronism, and cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases. Hence, the elucidation of the function and molecular dynamic behavior of CYP11B2 mutations is crucial in current genomics. In this study, we investigated the pathogenic effect of 51 nsSNPs and 26 UTR SNPs in the CYP11B2 gene through computational platforms. Using a combination of SIFT, PolyPhen, I-Mutant Suite, and ConSurf server, four nsSNPs (F487V, V129M, T498A, and V403E) were identified to potentially affect the structure, function, and activity of the CYP11B2 protein. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation and structure analyses also confirmed the impact of these nsSNPs on the stability and secondary properties of the CYP11B2 protein. Additionally, utilizing the UTRscan, MirSNP, PolymiRTS and miRNASNP, three SNPs in the 3'UTR region were predicted to exhibit a pattern change in the upstream open reading frames (uORF), and eight microRNA binding sites were found to be highly affected due to 3'UTR SNPs. This cataloguing of deleterious SNPs is essential for narrowing down the number of CYP11B2 mutations to be screened in genetic association studies and for a better understanding of the functional and structural aspects of the CYP11B2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boyun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital (Binjiang Branch) Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Binjiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Kujawa-Szewieczek A, Kolonko A, Kocierz M, Szotowska M, Trusolt W, Karkoszka H, Gumprecht J, Chudek J, Więcek A. Association Between Gene Polymorphisms of the Components of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron System, Graft Function, and the Prevalence of Hypertension, Anemia, and Erythrocytosis After Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:2957-63. [PMID: 21996200 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Krüger B, Schröppel B, Murphy BT. Genetic polymorphisms and the fate of the transplanted organ. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2008; 22:131-40. [PMID: 18631866 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There has been an abundance of publications describing genetic variability in molecules affecting innate and adaptive immunity, pharmacogenetics, and other nonimmunological factors like the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, coagulation, and fibrosis markers. Studies indicated some associations between polymorphisms in these candidate genes with outcomes in organ transplantation and underlined a potential role of genetic variability in transplantation. To be clinically applicable, large prospective studies must be performed to better define the potential benefits of genotyping on these genetic markers and clinical outcomes. The purposes of this review are to summarize recent data describing associations of polymorphisms in both immunological and nonimmunological molecules with transplant outcomes, with a particular emphasis on renal transplantation, and discuss limitations and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Krüger
- Division of Renal Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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5
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Angiotensinogen, angiotensine converting enzyme and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene polymorphism in chronic allograft dysfunction. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:909-15. [PMID: 18454324 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite dramatic improvements in first-year patient and graft survival rates, chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) remains the leading cause of late renal allograft loss, while current immunologic strategies have little effect on this condition. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in progression of chronic renal disease. It was shown that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) functions in the RAS. This study investigates the possible links between angiotensinogen (AGT M235T), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and PAI-1 genotypes with CAD. Assessments of polymorphism were performed in 127 renal allograft recipients (77 with CAD and 50 with normal renal function). Fifty healthy subjects were also considered for comparison. Genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-specific primers and PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Kidney recipients with CAD had significantly higher frequencies of the TT than the recipients without CAD (P < 0.05). The transplant recipients with CAD also had significantly higher frequencies of the DD genotype than those without CAD (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the allelic and genotypic distributions of PAI-1 polymorphisms. Therefore, determination of AGT M235T and ACE genotypes prior to transplantation may be useful to identify patients who are at risk for chronic renal transplant dysfunction.
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Ghorbanihaghjo A, Veisi P, Argani H, Aghaeishahsavari M, Noroozianavval M, Rashtchizadeh N, Mesgari M, Safa J, Babaei H. Prevention of DNA damage in renal transplantation by losartan and enalapril: the role of renin-angiotensin system polymorphisms. Clin Exp Nephrol 2008; 12:65-73. [PMID: 18175066 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-007-0001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study the effect of losartan and enalapril on the reduction of DNA damage was evaluated in regard to renin-angiotensin system (RAS) polymorphisms. METHODS After determination of genotypes of RAS polymorphism by PCR, 64 renal transplant recipients were randomly allocated to one of four groups: the first and second groups were treated with E (E+: 10 mg/day) and L (L+: 50 mg/day) alone, respectively. The third group received E+L (E+L+: 10 + 50 mg/day), and the forth group received no medication (E-L-). The subjects were followed for 8 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, the E group changed to L and vice versa as a cross-over design. They were followed for another 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, we checked 8-OHdG and malondialdehyde (MDA) as biomarkers of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively. RESULTS 8-OHdG levels were significantly decreased after treatment in the E+L+ and L+ groups (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Only the TT genotype of AGT had the most antioxidative role regarding the treatment (P = 0.01). We found a remarkable correlation between MDA and DNA damage levels before and after intervention (r = 0.48, P < 0.001; r = 0.35, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION The protective effects of L+ and E+L+ on DNA breaks are surprising regarding the RAS polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Drug Applied Research Center (DARC), Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Zhang G, Wang H, Wang F, Yu L, Yang X, Meng J, Qin W, Wu G, Li J, Yang A, Zhou Y, Zhang R. Gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and angiotensin II type 1-receptor activating antibodies in renal rejection. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2008; 213:203-14. [PMID: 17984617 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.213.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Steroid refractory acute rejection (SRAR) is a major vital factor in renal transplantation recipients. The pathogenesis of SRAR may involve both immune and non-immune mechanisms. A decreased renal allograft function has also been associated with increased activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS), which may be genetically determined. A total 206 renal transplant recipients, 116 males and 90 females, were included. The effects of gene polymorphisms of the four components of RAS including angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) were investigated in 19 cases of renal transplant patients with SRAR. The association between SRAR and the activating antibodies targeting the AT1R were also investigated. Genotyping was performed for the M235T-AGT, the I/D-ACE, the A1166C-AT1R, and the -344T/C-CYP11B2 gene polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that renal allograft recipients with SRAR had significantly higher occurrences of the DD genotype of ACE and CC genotype of AT1R than recipients without SRAR. The other genetic polymorphisms of the RAS were not associated with SRAR. Activating antibodies targeting the AT1R were detected in the sera from 14 SRAR victims with malignant hypertension and without anti-HLA antibodies. This study provides evidence that determination before transplantation of the polymorphism of the gene encoding components of RAS may help identify patients who are at risk for SRAR. The detection of the antibodies of AT1R may contribute to the prevention of SRAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, china.
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Biselli PM, Abbud-Filho M, Ferreira-Baptista MAS, de Alvarenga MPS, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Pavarino-Bertelli EC. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism in Chronic Allograft Nephropathy. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:1327-8. [PMID: 16797293 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin causes an increased activity of hypertrophic and fibrotic processes, which similarly develop in the walls of small vessels of a renal graft during chronic rejection. In this context, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, associated with increased angiotensin production, has been the subject of studies on renal diseases. The present study evaluated the influence of the ACE gene deletion polymorphism in chronic allograft nephropathy. We evaluated 240 renal transplant recipients including, 119 with normal renal function and 121 with chronic allograft nephropathy. The polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction and genotyping performed after electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. The frequency of the polymorphic allele was similar in both groups of patients. Furthermore, no significant effect of genotype was observed in chronic allograft nephropathy. Therefore, in this study, we observed no influence of the ACE gene polymorphism in chronic allograft nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Biselli
- Molecular Biology, Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Ayed K, Ayed-Jendoubi S, Ben Abdallah T, Bardi R, Gorgi Y, Sfar I, Dhrif B, Abderrahim E, Kheder A. Polymorphism of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with chronic allograft dysfunction. Transpl Immunol 2005; 15:303-9. [PMID: 16635753 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2005.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism of the gene encoding components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone synthase system (RAAS) represents an area of intense research of cardiovascular disease associations. Numerous studies have addressed the role of RAAS gene polymorphisms in the development and progression of renal disease. Also, it has been reported that patient with ACE (DD) and angiotensinogen AGT (TT) genotypes are associated with chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD). We investigated the effects of gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in renal transplant patients (81 males and 50 females; mean age 29.6+/-10.2 years). Genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction sequence specific primers and PCR followed by RFLP analysis. Renal allograft recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction had significantly higher frequencies of the MM genotype than those without CAD (P<0.05). The other genetic polymorphisms of the RAAS were not associated with CAD. This study proves that determination of AGT M235T genotype before transplantation may help identify patients who are at risk for chronic renal transplant dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kh Ayed
- Immunology Laboratory EPS. Ch. Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Fouladkou F, Alikhani-Koopaei R, Vogt B, Flores SY, Malbert-Colas L, Lecomte MC, Loffing J, Frey FJ, Frey BM, Staub O. A naturally occurring human Nedd4-2 variant displays impaired ENaC regulation in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 287:F550-61. [PMID: 15140763 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00353.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) is regulated by the ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4-2 via interaction with ENaC PY-motifs. These PY-motifs are mutated/deleted in Liddle's syndrome, resulting in elevated Na(+) reabsorption and hypertension explained partly by impaired ENaC-Nedd4-2 interaction. We hypothesized that Nedd4-2 is a susceptibility gene for hypertension and screened 856 renal patients and healthy controls for mutations in a subset of exons of the human Nedd4-2 gene that are relevant for ENaC regulation by PCR/single-strand conformational polymorphism. Several variants were identified, and one nonsynonymous mutation (Nedd4-2-P355L) was further characterized. This mutation next to the 3' donor site of exon 15 does not affect in vitro splicing of Nedd4-2 mRNA. However, in the Xenopus oocyte expression system, Nedd4-2-P355L-dependent ENaC inhibition was weaker compared with the wild type (Nedd4-2-WT), and this difference depended on the presence of intact PY-motifs on ENaC. This could not be explained by the amount of wild type or mutant Nedd4-2 coimmunoprecipitating with ENaC. When the phosphorylation level of human Nedd4-2 Ser(448) (known to be phosphorylated by the Sgk1 kinase) was determined with a specific anti-pSer(448) antibody, we observed stronger basal phosphorylation of Nedd4-2-P355L. Both the phosphorylation level and the accompanying amiloride-sensitive Na(+) currents could be further enhanced to approximately the same levels by coexpressing Sgk1. In addition, the role of the two other putative Sgk1 phosphorylation sites (S342 and T367) appears also to be affected by the P355L mutation. The differential phosphorylation status between wild-type and mutant Nedd4-2 provides an explanation for the different potential to inhibit ENaC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fouladkou
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern
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Akçay A, Ozdemir FN, Ataç FB, Sezer S, Verdi H, Arat Z, Haberal M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype is a predictive factor in the peak panel-reactive antibody response. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:35-7. [PMID: 15013293 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2003.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a high panel-reactive antibody (PRA) level represents an independent risk factor for early graft failure and chronic allograft dysfunction. It has also been reported that patients with the ACE-DD and AGT-AA genotypes display poorer chronic allograft function. We investigated the effects of gene polymorphisms of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) on anti-HLA antibody production among renal transplant candidates. Genotyping was performed on 133 dialysis patients for the ACE (I/D) and AGT (M235T) as well as the type 1 (A1166C) and type 2 (A1223G) angiotensin II receptor genes. Patients with a peak PRA >/= 30% were considered to be positive for anti-HLA antibody (40.6% of 133 patients). Genetic polymorphisms of the RAS were not associated with anti-HLA antibody production at this PRA level. Another analysis comparing the 29 patients with a peak PRA >/=50% with the 104 patients with a peak PRA <50% showed that previous transplants, the presence of ACE-DD genotype, history of blood transfusions, and dialysis duration were all associated with the high levels of antibody production by univariant analysis. A multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model revealed previous transplants, the presence of ACE-DD genotype, and history of blood transfusions to be predictors of anti-HLA antibody production. The ACE-DD genotype is an important risk factor for higher PRA levels. This study suggests that genetic control of RAS activity correlates with production of anti-HLA antibodies, possibly explaining the relationship to chronic allograft outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Akçay
- Department of Nephrology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Hypertension with hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and suppressed plasma renin activity defines mineralocorticoid hypertension. Mineralocorticoid hypertension is the consequence of an overactivity of the epithelial sodium channel expressed at the apical membrane of renal cells in the distal nephron. This is usually the case when the mineralocorticoid receptor is activated by its physiologic substrate aldosterone. The best known form of mineralocorticoid hypertension is an aldosterone-producing adrenal tumor leading to primary aldosteronism. Primary aldosteronism can also be caused by unilateral or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and rarely adrenal carcinoma. Interestingly, most of the inherited monogenic disorders associated with hypertension involve an excessive activation of the mineralocorticoid axis. In some of these disorders, mineralocorticoid hypertension results from activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor by other steroids (cortisol, deoxycorticosterone), by primary activation of the receptor itself, or by constitutive overactivity of the renal epithelial sodium channel. The present review addresses the physiology and significance of the key players of the mineralocorticoid axis, placing emphasis on the conditions leading to mineralocorticoid hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ferrari
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Berne, 3010 Berne, Switzerland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances within the area of genetic polymorphisms with a specific emphasis on renal transplantation, and to discuss the potential clinical applications. RECENT FINDINGS Due to recent advances in molecular techniques, there has been an abundance of publications describing genetic variability in molecules relevant to transplant outcome. Many studies are now demonstrating associations between polymorphisms in these candidate genes and outcomes in organ transplantation. SUMMARY These studies emphasize the potential role of genetic variability in transplantation, and provide the rationale for large prospective studies to clearly define the potential benefits of genotyping in the risk stratification of transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Marder
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
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