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Porto WF, Marques FA, Pogue HB, de Oliveira Cardoso MT, do Vale MGR, da Silva Pires Á, Franco OL, de Alencar SA, Pogue R. Computational Investigation of Growth Hormone Receptor Trp169Arg Heterozygous Mutation in a Child With Short Stature. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4762-4771. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Farias Porto
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasília – DFBrazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasília – DFBrazil
- Porto ReportsBrasília – DFBrazil
| | - Felipe Albuquerque Marques
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasília – DFBrazil
- Departamento de FarmáciaUniversidade CEUMASão‐Luis – MABrazil
- Departamento de BiomedicinaUniversidade CEUMASão‐Luis – MABrazil
| | - Huri Brito Pogue
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasília – DFBrazil
| | - Maria Teresinha de Oliveira Cardoso
- Curso de MedicinaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasília – DFBrazil
- Núcleo de Genética da Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito FederalBrasília – DFBrazil
| | | | - Állan da Silva Pires
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasília – DFBrazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasília – DFBrazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasília – DFBrazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasília – DFBrazil
- S‐Inova Biotech, Pós‐graduação em BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica Dom BoscoCampo GrandeMSBrazil
| | - Sérgio Amorim de Alencar
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasília – DFBrazil
| | - Robert Pogue
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasília – DFBrazil
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Kurtoğlu S, Hatipoglu N. Growth hormone insensitivity: diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:19-28. [PMID: 26062520 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth hormone resistance defines several genetic (primary) and acquired (secondary) pathologies that result in completely or partially interrupted activity of growth hormone. An archetypal disease of this group is the Laron-type dwarfism caused by mutations in growth hormone receptors. The diagnosis is based on high basal levels of growth hormone, low insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-1) level, unresponsiveness to IGF generation test and genetic testing. Recombinant IGF-1 preparations are used in the treatment CONCLUSION In this article, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapeutic approaches of the genetic and other diseases leading to growth hormone insensitivity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kurtoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - N Hatipoglu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Cardoso DF, Martinelli CE, Campos VC, Gomes ES, Rocha IES, Oliveira CRP, Vicente TAR, Pereira RMC, Pereira FA, Cartaxo CKA, Milani SLS, Oliveira MCP, Melo EV, Oliveira ALP, Aguiar-Oliveira MH. Comparison between the growth response to growth hormone (GH) therapy in children with partial GH insensitivity or mild GH deficiency. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE ENDOCRINOLOGIA E METABOLOGIA 2014; 58:23-9. [PMID: 24728160 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000002793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES GH therapy is still controversial, except in severe GH deficiency (SGHD). The objective of this study was to compare the response to growth hormone (GH) therapy in children with partial GH insensitivity (PGHIS) and mild GH deficiency (MGHD) with those with SGHD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifteen PGHIS, 11 MGHD, and 19 SGHD subjects, followed up for more than one year in the Brazilian public care service, were evaluated regarding anthropometric and laboratory data at the beginning of treatment, after one year (1st year) on treatment, and at the last assessment (up to ten years in SGHD, up to four years in MGHD, and up to eight years in PGHIS). RESULTS Initial height standard deviation score (SDS) in SGHD was lower than in MGHD and PGHIS. Although the increase in 1 st year height SDS in comparison to initial height SDS was not different among the groups, height-SDS after the first year of treatment remained lower in SGHD than in MGHD. There was no difference in height-SDS at the last assessment of the children among the three groups. GH therapy, in the entire period of observation, caused a trend towards lower increase in height SDS in PGHIS than SGHD but similar increases were observed in MGHD and SGHD. CONCLUSION GH therapy increases height in PGHIS and produces similar height effects in MGHD and SGHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Martinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane C Campos
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Elenilde S Gomes
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Ivina E S Rocha
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Carla R P Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Taisa A R Vicente
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Rossana M C Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Francisco A Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Carla K A Cartaxo
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Soraya L S Milani
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Mario C P Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Enaldo V Melo
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Andre L P Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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Moon JH, Chung WY. Analysis of cytosine adenine repeat polymorphism of the IGF-I promoter gene in children with idiopathic short stature. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2009. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2009.52.3.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Yeong Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Dempfle A, Wudy SA, Saar K, Hagemann S, Friedel S, Scherag A, Berthold LD, Alzen G, Gortner L, Blum WF, Hinney A, Nürnberg P, Schäfer H, Hebebrand J. Evidence for involvement of the vitamin D receptor gene in idiopathic short stature via a genome-wide linkage study and subsequent association studies. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:2772-83. [PMID: 16905557 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stature is a highly heritable trait under both polygenic and major gene control. We aimed to identify genetic regions linked to idiopathic short stature (ISS) in childhood, through a whole genome scan in 92 families each with two affected children with ISS, including constitutional delay of growth and puberty and familial short stature. Linkage analysis was performed for ISS, height and bone age retardation. Chromosome 12q11 showed significant evidence of linkage to ISS and height (maximum non-parametric multipoint LOD scores 3.18 and 2.31 at 55-58 cM, between D12S1301 and D12S1048), especially in sister-sister pairs (LOD score of 1.9 for ISS in 22 pairs). These traits were also linked to chromosomes 1q12 and 2q36. The region on chromosome 12q11 had previously shown significant linkage to adult stature in several genome scans and harbors the vitamin D receptor gene, which has been associated with variation in height. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs10735810, FokI), which leads to a functionally relevant alteration at the protein level, showed preferential transmission of the transcriptionally more active G-allele to affected children (P=0.04) and seems to be responsible for the observed linkage (P=0.05, GIST test). Bone age retardation showed moderate linkage to chromosomes 19p11-q11 and 7p14 (LOD scores 1.69 at 57 cM and 1.42 at 50 cM), but there was no clear overlap with linkage regions for stature. In conclusion, we identified significant linkage, which might be due to a functional SNP in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and could be responsible for up to 34% of ISS cases in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Völkl TMK, Haas B, Beier C, Simm D, Dörr HG. Catch-down growth during infancy of children born small (SGA) or appropriate (AGA) for gestational age with short-statured parents. J Pediatr 2006; 148:747-52. [PMID: 16769380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed postnatal growth in children with familial short stature (FSS) with regard to small (SGA) or appropriate (AGA) for gestational age status at birth. STUDY DESIGN We studied 96 otherwise healthy short-statured children (58 males; SGA: n = 41, AGA: n = 55). At least one of the parents was short-statured. Cross-sectional data for length/height and weight for the first 4 years of age were collected retrospectively. RESULTS AGA children had a mean length of 0.09 +/- 1.02 standard deviation score (SDS) at birth, -1.57 +/- 1.16 SDS after 1 year of age, and -2.36 +/- 0.72 SDS after 4 years. SGA children had a mean length of -2.04 +/- 1.06 SDS at birth, -2.70 +/- 1.12 SDS at 1 year of age, and -3.05+/-0.86 SDS at 4 years. The loss of length SDS within the first 2 years of life was greater in AGA than in SGA children. SGA children were significantly shorter than AGA children at all of the study points (p <.001). CONCLUSIONS Children with an FSS background born AGA show catch-down growth to their lower familial range during the first 2 years of life. SGA children did not catch up to their AGA peers at any time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M K Völkl
- From the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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Hanew K, Tachibana K, Yokoya S, Fujieda K, Tanaka T, Igarashi Y, Shimatsu A, Tanaka H, Tanizawa T, Teramoto A, Nishi Y, Hasegawa Y, Hizuka N, Hirano T, Fujita K. Clinical characteristics, etiologies and pathophysiology of patients with severe short stature with severe GH deficiency: questionnaire study on the data registered with the foundation for growth science, Japan. Endocr J 2006; 53:259-65. [PMID: 16618986 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.53.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sent questionnaires to doctors treating severe short stature with severe GH deficiency (GHD) (height SDS (HtSDS) below -4 and all peak GH to provocative stimuli below 2 micro/L) (abbreviated as Severe Case), and obtained effective replies of 51 cases. The clinical characteristics, etiologies, and pathophysiology of these patients were examined. Among the 51 Severe Cases no consanguinity was observed, 44 were IGHD (24 males and 20 females), 3 were GH-1 gene deletion, 2 were Pit-1 gene mutation, and 2 were achondroplasia. HtSDS in these Severe Cases was already remarkably low at 12 (-3.0) and 24 months old (-3.9), while their birth weight and birth length were within normal ranges. Among 44 patients with IGHD, 12 were isolated GHD, and the remaining 32 were combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). Pituitary MRI was undergone in 25 idiopathic GHD, and abnormal findings (pituitary atrophy, interruption of stalk, and ectopic posterior lobe) were observed in 21 patients with CPHD. More than half of these patients had the history of breech delivery. Three patients with GH-1 gene mutation showed normal pituitary MRI, whereas one of two patients with Pit-1 mutation showed pituitary atrophy and narrowing of pituitary stalk. In conclusion, Severe Cases tended to have CPHD, and the incidence of Severe Case was only 0.6% of total IGHD. Although GHD due to genetic disorders is considered to be extremely rare (0.06% of total IGHD), the incidence reaches high levels (9.8%) among Severe Cases. Growth disorders in these Severe Cases seem to occur soon after delivery. Much earlier diagnosis and hGH treatment are desirable to attain better final height in the Severe Cases. GH-1 and Pit-1 gene analyses are crucial, when genetic abnormalities other than achondroplasia are suspected.
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Abstract
The diagnostic term, idiopathic short stature, has emerged over the past 30 years and refers to children with short stature of unknown etiology. Controversy exists regarding the scope of the diagnosis and options for its treatment. This article reviews origins of the diagnosis idiopathic short stature and current diagnostic criteria, scientific advances in delineating etiologies of idiopathic short stature, management options, and implications of management decisions for child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A Gubitosi-Klug
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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10
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Hanew K, Tachibana K, Yokoya S, Fujieda K, Tanaka T, Igarashi Y, Shimatsu A, Tanaka H, Tanizawa T, Teramoto A, Nishi Y, Hasegawa Y, Hizuka N, Hirano T, Fujita K. Studies of very severe short stature with severe GH deficiency: from the data registered with the foundation for growth science. Endocr J 2005; 52:37-43. [PMID: 15758556 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.52.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ratio, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic efficacy of hGH treatment in patients with severe short stature (HtSDS below -4SD) with severe GHD (all peak GH values to provocation tests: below 2 mug/L) were studied. From March 1986 to January 1998, 23,110 patients with idiopathic GH deficiency (IGHD) were registered with the Foundation for Growth Science, Japan. These subjects were divided into 5 groups as follows: Group 1 (G1), all subjects; Group 2 (G2), at least one GH peak to provocative test > or = 5 microg/L; Group 3 (G3), 2 microg/L < or = GH peak<5 microg/L; Group 4 (G4), all GH peaks<2 microg/L and HtSDS>-4; Group 5 (G5), all GH peaks<2 microg/L and HtSDS< or = -4. The ratio of G5 was 139 patients (0.6%) out of 23,110 patients with IGHD. In G5, there were no significant differences in birth weight, birth length, gestational age and parental height between G2, G3 and G4. However, asphyxia at delivery was more frequent in G5 and G4 than G2 and G3. Chronological age (CA), bone age (BA) and BA/CA ratio at registration were significantly lower in G5 than G2, G3 and G4. Further, the IGF-I SD score in G5 was significantly lower than those in G2 and G3. After hGH treatment, the final height and final height SDS in G5 remained the lowest, while the DeltaHtSDS value in G5 was the greatest among G2 to G5 groups. In conclusion, the ratio of severe short stature with severe GH deficiency (G5) is only 0.6% of all IGHD cases. Growth failure in G5 seems to occur after birth, and its etiology in G5 seems to be different from that of patients with other forms of IGHD. Early diagnosis and hGH treatment are needed to attain better final height.
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Abstract
The application of the powerful tool molecular biology has made it possible to ask questions not only about hormone production and action but also to characterize many of the receptor molecules that initiate responses to the hormones. We are beginning to understand how cells may regulate the expression of genes and how hormones intervene in regulatory processes to adjust the expression of individual genes. In addition, great strides have been made in understanding how individual cells talk to each other through locally released factors to coordinate growth, differentiation, secretion, and other responses within a tissue. In this review I (1) focus on developmental aspects of the pituitary gland, (2) focus on the different components of the growth hormone axis and (3) examine the different altered genes and their related growth factors and/or regulatory systems that play an important physiological and pathophysiological role in growth. Further, as we have already entered the 'post-genomic' area, in which not only a defect at the molecular level becomes important but also its functional impact at the cellular level, I concentrate in the last part on some of the most important aspects of cell biology and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primus E Mullis
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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Martins RR, Ramos HI, Llerena Jr. JC, Almeida JC. Investigação clínica e genética em meninas com baixa estatura idiopática. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302003000600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Em 10 meninas com diagnóstico de baixa estatura idiopática (BEI), realizamos avaliação citogenética após revisão clínica. Dois cariótipos foram anormais: mos 45,X/46,XX; mos 45,X/46,X,der(Xp)/46,X,r(X), e para sua elucidação foram aplicadas técnicas de citogenética molecular e análise de microssatélites, incluindo SHOX CA repeat. Os resultados confirmaram a origem dos cromossomos anômalos e a identificação da haploinsuficiência do gene SHOX. Nos oito casos com cariótipo normal, a pesquisa de mosaicismos crípticos pela técnica FISH através da sonda centromérica (DXZ1) em células de mucosa oral (nuc ish) evidenciou a presença de dois mosaicos verdadeiros (DXZ1x2/DXZ1x1). A revisão clínica da paciente com anomalia estrutural de X e das 2 meninas com mosaicismo detectados pelo nuc ish, mostrou a presença de 3 ou mais sinais clínicos observados na síndrome de Turner (ST). Estes resultados reafirmam a importância da análise citogenética em meninas com diagnóstico de BEI e sinais clínicos da ST. Os resultados do estudo molecular para o gene SHOX confirmam sua relação com estigmas da ST. Sendo normal o cariótipo, a pesquisa de mosaicismos crípticos em outros tecidos deve ser considerada. O diagnóstico mais preciso poderá modificar a conduta terapêutica, como indicação do GH nessas meninas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa R.S. Martins
- Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Bellone S, Corneli G, Bellone J, Baffoni C, Rovere S, de Sanctis C, Bona G, Ghigo E, Aimaretti G. Short children with familial short stature show enhancement of somatotroph secretion but normal IGF-I levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2002; 25:426-30. [PMID: 12035938 DOI: 10.1007/bf03344032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the GH status in children with familial, idiopathic short stature (FSS). To this goal we evaluated the GH response to GHRH (1 microg/kg iv) + arginine (ARG) (0.5 g/kg iv) test which is one of the most potent and reproducible provocative tests of somatotroph secretion, in 67 children with FSS [50 boys and 17 girls, age 10.8+/-0.4 yr, pubertal stages I-III, height between -3.6 and -1.6 standard deviation score (SDS), target height <10 degrees centile, normality of both spontaneous and stimulated GH secretion as well as of IGF-I levels]. The results in FSS were compared with those in groups of children of normal height (NHC) (42 NHC, 35 boys and 7 girls, age 12.0+/-0.5 yr, pubertal stages I-III, height between -1.3 and 1.4 SDS, height velocity standard deviation score (HVSDS)>25 degrees centile, GH peak >20 microg/l after GHRH+ARG test, mean GH concentration [mGHc]>3 microg/l) and children with organic GH deficiency (GHD) (38 GHD, 29 boys and 9 girls, age 11.2+/-3.7 yr, pubertal stages I-III, height between -5.7 and -1.3 SDS, GH peak <20 microg/l after GHRH +ARG test, mGHc <3 mg/l). Basal IGF-I levels and mGHc were also evaluated in each group over 8 nocturnal hours. IGF-I levels in FSS (209.2+/-15.6 microg/l) were similar to those in NHC (237.2+/-17.2 microg/l) and both were higher (p<0.0001) than those in GHD (72.0+/-4.0 microg/l). The GH response to GHRH +ARG test in FSS (peak: 66.4+/-5.6 microg/l) was very marked and higher (p<0.01) than that in NHC (53.3+/-4.5 microg/l) which, in turn, was higher (p<0.01) than in GHD (8.2+/-0.8 microg/l). Similarly, the mGHc in FSS was higher than in NHC (6.7+/-0.5 microg/l vs 5.1+/-0.7 microg/l, p<0.05) which, in turn, was higher than in GHD (1.5+/-0.2 microg/l, p<0.0001). In conclusion, our present study demonstrates that short children with FSS show enhancement of both basal and stimulated GH secretion but normal IGF-I levels. These findings suggest that increased somatotroph function would be devoted to maintain normal IGF-I levels thus reflecting a slight impairment of peripheral GH sensitivity in FSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bellone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Goodyer CG, Figueiredo RM, Krackovitch S, De Souza Li L, Manalo JA, Zogopoulos G. Characterization of the growth hormone receptor in human dermal fibroblasts and liver during development. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001; 281:E1213-20. [PMID: 11701436 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.6.e1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human tissues express growth hormone receptors (hGHR) by the 3rd mo of gestation. We assessed developmental changes in hGHR function in fibroblasts and liver, testing binding and hormonal response. Fetal cells showed low but reproducible hGH binding. No age-related changes occurred in fibroblasts (9 wk-34 yr). In contrast, there was a fourfold increase in hGH binding in postnatal liver, with a sixfold increase in hGHR mRNA. Both full-length and truncated hGHR mRNAs were detected in all livers. Cross-linking revealed a larger hGH/receptor complex in fetal liver. Fetal hepatocytes produced 10 times more insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II than IGF-I, and responded to hGH (150 ng/ml) with a significant increase in IGF-II. Fetal hepatocytes secreted three IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), including IGFBP1, but not IGFBP3. hGH did not alter fetal hepatocyte IGFBPs but stimulated glucose uptake. Exposure of fibroblasts to hGH decreased hGH binding only in >1-yr postnatal fibroblasts, whereas treatment with dexamethasone (100-400 nM) increased binding only in postnatal cells. Thus, although fetal hepatocytes and fibroblasts possess functional hGHR, these receptors (and/or their signaling pathways) are immature or have adapted to the in utero environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Goodyer
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3Z 2Z3.
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Reinehr T, Jauch A, Zoll B, Engel U, Bartels I, Andler W. Short stature in a mother and daughter caused by familial der(X)t(X;X)(p22.1-3;q26). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 102:81-5. [PMID: 11471178 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010722)102:1<81::aid-ajmg1375>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Deletions of the terminal Xp regions, including the short-stature homeobox (SHOX) gene, were described in families with hereditary Turner syndrome and Léri-Weill syndrome. We report on a 10-2/12-year-old girl and her 37-year-old mother with short stature and no other phenotypic symptoms. In the daugther, additional chromosome material was detected in the pseudoautosomal region of one X chromosome (46,X,add(Xp.22.3)) by chromosome banding analysis. The elongation of the X chromosome consisted of Giemsa dark and bright bands with a length one-fifth of the size of Xp. The karyotype of the mother demonstrated chromosome mosaicism with three cell lines (46,X,add(X)(p22.3) [89]; 45,X [8]; and 47,X,add(X)(p22.3), add(X)(p22.3) [2]). In both daughter and mother, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), together with data from G banding, identified the breakpoints in Xp22.1-3 and Xq26, resulting in a partial trisomy of the terminal region of Xq (Xq26-qter) and a monosomy of the pseudoautosomal region (Xp22.3) with the SHOX gene and the proximal region Xp22.1-3, including the steroidsulfatase gene (STS) and the Kallmann syndrome region. The derivative X chromosome was defined as ish.der(X)t(X;X)(p22.1-3;q26)(yWXD2540-, F20cos-, STS-, 60C10-, 959D10-, 2771+, cos9++). In daughter and mother, the monosomy of region Xp22.1-3 is compatible with fertility and does not cause any other somatic stigmata of the Turner syndrome or Léri-Weill syndrome, except for short stature due to monosomy of the SHOX gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reinehr
- Vestische Kinderklinik, University of Witten-Herdecke, Datteln, Germany.
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Abstract
O hormônio de crescimento (GH, growth hormone), o fator de crescimento insulina símile-1 (IGF1, insulin-like growth factor-1) e uma enorme variedade de moléculas afins formam um eixo regulador do crescimento pré e pós-natal. Os permanentes avanços nas técnicas de biologia molecular têm facilitado a identificação de defeitos genéticos nos diferentes componentes do eixo GH-IGF1 em crianças com baixa estatura. Por outro lado, a aplicação de novos métodos de dosagens hormonais tem revelado a existência de formas inativas de GH ou quantidades aumentadas de formas com menor atividade biológica, cuja presença na circulação poderia justificar o retardo de crescimento em certas crianças com baixa estatura. Clinicamente, os defeitos genéticos no eixo GH-IGF1 podem se manifestar tanto em síndromes de deficiência como de resistência hormonal, enfatizando a importância de se avaliar não apenas a secreção de GH numa criança com baixa estatura, mas também marcadores periféricos de uma possível resistência tecidual ao hormônio. Neste artigo, os principais defeitos genéticos descritos até o presente momento no eixo GH/IGF1 são revisados, com enfoque sobre as repercussões clínicas destes defeitos e a importância da avaliação genética no diagnóstico diferencial da baixa estatura idiopática e da baixa estatura familiar. Na parte final, alguns breves comentários são feitos sobre defeitos genéticos encontrados em dois importantes fatores de transcrição da hipófise, que provocam um quadro clínico de deficiência combinada de hormônios pituitários, incluindo a deficiência de GH.
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