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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) frequently coexist, significantly reducing the patient's quality of life (QoL) and increasing morbidity, disability and mortality. For both diseases, a multidisciplinary disease-management approach offers the best outcomes and reduces hospital readmissions. In both conditions, muscle dysfunction may dramatically influence symptoms, exercise tolerance/performance, health status and healthcare costs. The present review describes muscular abnormalities and mechanisms underlying these alterations. This review also discusses studies on training programs for patients with COPD, CHF and, where available, combined COPD-CHF diagnosis. Dyspnea, peripheral muscles and activities of daily living (ADL) represent a potential starting point for improving patients' functioning level and quality of life in COPD and CHF. A synergy of the combined diagnostic, pharmacological and rehabilitation treatment interventions is also essential. Integration between exercise training, drug therapy and nutritional care could be a valid, synergic and tailored approach for patients presenting with both diseases, and may have a positive impact on the exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vitacca
- a Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit , Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Lumezzane , Brescia , Italy
| | - Mara Paneroni
- a Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit , Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Lumezzane , Brescia , Italy
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2
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Kennel PJ, Mancini DM, Schulze PC. Skeletal Muscle Changes in Chronic Cardiac Disease and Failure. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1947-69. [PMID: 26426472 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Peak exercise performance in healthy man is limited not only by pulmonary or skeletal muscle function but also by cardiac function. Thus, abnormalities in cardiac function will have a major impact on exercise performance. Many cardiac diseases affect exercise performance and indeed for some cardiac conditions such as atherosclerotic heart disease, exercise testing is frequently used not only to measure functional capacity but also to make a diagnosis of heart disease, evaluate the efficacy of treatment, and predict prognosis. Early in the course of cardiac diseases, exercise performance will be minimally affected but with disease progression impairment in exercise capacity will become apparent. Ejection fraction, that is, the percent of blood volume ejected with each cardiac cycle is often used as a measure of cardiac performance but frequently there is a dissociation between the ejection fraction and exercise capacity in patients with heart disease. How abnormalities in cardiac function impacts the muscles, vasculature, and lungs to impact exercise performance will here be reviewed. The focus of this work will be on patients with systolic heart failure as the incidence and prevalence of heart failure is reaching epidemic proportions and heart failure is the end result of many other chronic cardiac diseases. The prognostic role of exercise and benefits of exercise training will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Kennel
- Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Division of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Donna M Mancini
- Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Division of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Division of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
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3
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Action potential-evoked calcium release is impaired in single skeletal muscle fibers from heart failure patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109309. [PMID: 25310188 PMCID: PMC4195605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure (HF) has been attributed to abnormalities of the skeletal muscles. Muscle function depends on intact excitation-contraction coupling (ECC), but ECC studies in HF models have been inconclusive, due to deficiencies in the animal models and tools used to measure calcium (Ca2+) release, mandating investigations in skeletal muscle from HF patients. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that Ca2+ release is significantly impaired in the skeletal muscle of HF patients in whom exercise capacity is severely diminished compared to age-matched healthy volunteers. METHODS AND FINDINGS Using state-of-the-art electrophysiological and optical techniques in single muscle fibers from biopsies of the locomotive vastus lateralis muscle, we measured the action potential (AP)-evoked Ca2+ release in 4 HF patients and 4 age-matched healthy controls. The mean peak Ca2+ release flux in fibers obtained from HF patients (10±1.2 µM/ms) was markedly (2.6-fold) and significantly (p<0.05) smaller than in fibers from healthy volunteers (28±3.3 µM/ms). This impairment in AP-evoked Ca2+ release was ubiquitous and was not explained by differences in the excitability mechanisms since single APs were indistinguishable between HF patients and healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS These findings prove the feasibility of performing electrophysiological experiments in single fibers from human skeletal muscle, and offer a new approach for investigations of myopathies due to HF and other diseases. Importantly, we have demonstrated that one step in the ECC process, AP-evoked Ca2+ release, is impaired in single muscle fibers in HF patients.
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4
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Abstract
Physiologic endurance exercise performance is primarily limited by cardiac function. In patients with heart failure, there is dissociation between cardiac performance and exercise capacity, suggesting a distinct role of abnormal peripheral organ function, including skeletal muscle function. The impact of heart failure upon skeletal muscle and exercise performance will be discussed with a focus on molecular, structural, and functional derangements in skeletal muscle of patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Zizola
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH 10, Room 203, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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5
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Chen DW, Jin YB, Liu W, Du WJ, Li HJ, Chen JW, Xu W. Factors Associated with Performance-based Physical Function of Older Veterans of the PLAAF: A Pilot Study. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:171-7. [PMID: 24648625 PMCID: PMC3944282 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study investigated the factors associated with performance-based physical
function of older veterans of the People’s Liberation Army Air Force of China (PLAAF).
[Subjects and Methods] A cross-sectional survey of 146 older veterans of the PLAAF was
carried out. Their physical function was measured using the Chinese Mini-Physical
Performance Testing (CM-PPT). The demographics and health status (including physical
measures, blood chemical tests, chronic diseases, and number of morbidities) were
collected from health examination reports and computer records of case history. Cognition
was measured using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). [Results] In multiple linear
regressions, age, MMSE, Parkinsonism, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were
independently associated with CM-PPT, while previous stroke and albumin level reached
borderline statistical significance. The association between the number of morbidities and
CM-PPT was significant after adjustment for MMSE and demographics. The CM-PPT of low (0 or
1), medium (2 to 4) and high count (5 or more) morbidities were 11.3±3.9, 10.2±4.1,
6.1±3.8 respectively, and the difference among these three groups was significant.
[Conclusion] Some modified conditions and the number of chronic diseases might be
associated with the physical function of older veterans of the PLAAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Institute, the General Hospital of the Air Force, PLA (the Chinese People's Liberation Army), China
| | - Yan-Bin Jin
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Institute, the General Hospital of the Air Force, PLA (the Chinese People's Liberation Army), China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Institute, the General Hospital of the Air Force, PLA (the Chinese People's Liberation Army), China
| | - Wen-Jin Du
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Institute, the General Hospital of the Air Force, PLA (the Chinese People's Liberation Army), China
| | - Hua-Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Institute, the General Hospital of the Air Force, PLA (the Chinese People's Liberation Army), China
| | - Jin-Wen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Institute, the General Hospital of the Air Force, PLA (the Chinese People's Liberation Army), China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Institute, the General Hospital of the Air Force, PLA (the Chinese People's Liberation Army), China
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Bates MGD, Newman JH, Jakovljevic DG, Hollingsworth KG, Alston CL, Zalewski P, Klawe JJ, Blamire AM, MacGowan GA, Keavney BD, Bourke JP, Schaefer A, McFarland R, Newton JL, Turnbull DM, Taylor RW, Trenell MI, Gorman GS. Defining cardiac adaptations and safety of endurance training in patients with m.3243A>G-related mitochondrial disease. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3599-608. [PMID: 23742928 PMCID: PMC3819621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiac hypertrophic remodelling and systolic dysfunction are common in patients with mitochondrial disease and independent predictors of morbidity and early mortality. Endurance exercise training improves symptoms and skeletal muscle function, yet cardiac adaptations are unknown. Methods and results Before and after 16-weeks of training, exercise capacity, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and phosphorus-31 spectroscopy, disease burden, fatigue, quality of life, heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) were assessed in 10 adult patients with m.3243A>G-related mitochondrial disease, and compared to age- and gender-matched sedentary control subjects. At baseline, patients had increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI, p < 0.05) and LV mass to end-diastolic volume ratio, and decreased longitudinal shortening and myocardial phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate ratio (all p < 0.01). Peak arterial–venous oxygen difference (p < 0.05), oxygen uptake (VO2) and power were decreased in patients (both p < 0.01) with no significant difference in cardiac power output. All patients remained stable and completed ≥ 80% sessions. With training, there were similar proportional increases in peak VO2, anaerobic threshold and work capacity in patients and controls. LVMI increased in both groups (p < 0.01), with no significant effect on myocardial function or bioenergetics. Pre- and post-exercise training, HRV and BPV demonstrated increased low frequency and decreased high frequency components in patients compared to controls (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with mitochondrial disease and controls achieved similar proportional benefits of exercise training, without evidence of disease progression, or deleterious effects on cardiac function. Reduced exercise capacity is largely mediated through skeletal muscle dysfunction at baseline and sympathetic over-activation may be important in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G D Bates
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
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7
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Mesure instantanée, aisée et non invasive de la pression artérielle, de la fréquence cardiaque et du débit cardiaque: application en kinésithérapie. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-012-0521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Green HJ, Batada A, Cole B, Burnett ME, Kollias H, McKay S, Roy B, Schertzer JD, Smith IC, Tupling S. Muscle cellular properties in the ice hockey player: a model for investigating overtraining? Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:567-78. [PMID: 22471993 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that athletes involved in 5-6 months of sprint-type training would display higher levels of proteins and processes involved in muscle energy supply and utilization. Tissue was sampled from the vastus lateralis of 13 elite ice hockey players (peak oxygen consumption = 51.8 ± 1.3 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1); mean ± standard error) at the end of a season (POST) and compared with samples from 8 controls (peak oxygen consumption = 45.5 ± 1.4 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) (CON). Compared with CON, higher activities were observed in POST (p < 0.05) only for succinic dehydrogenase (3.32 ± 0.16 mol·(mg protein)(-1)·min(-1) vs. 4.10 ± 0.11 mol·(mg protein)(-1)·min(-1)) and hexokinase (0.73 ± 0.05 mol·(mg protein)(-1)·min(-1) vs. 0.90 ± 0.05mol·(mg protein)(-1)·min(-1)) but not for phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, and creatine phosphokinase. No differences were found in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase concentration (β(max): 262 ± 36 pmol·(g wet weight)(-1) vs. 275 ± 27 pmol·(g wet weight)(-1)) and the maximal activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (98.1 ± 6.1 µmol·(g protein)(-1)·min(-1) vs. 102 ± 3.3 µmol·(g protein)(-1)·min(-1)). Cross-sectional area was lower (p < 0.05) in POST but only for the type IIA fibres (6312 ± 684 μm(2) vs. 5512 ± 335 μm(2)), while the number of capillary counts per fibre and the capillary to fibre area ratio were generally higher (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that elite trained ice hockey players display elevations only in support of glucose-based aerobic metabolism that occur in the absence of alterations in excitation-contraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Green
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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9
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Evans RA. Developing the model of pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic heart failure. Chron Respir Dis 2012; 8:259-69. [PMID: 22094450 DOI: 10.1177/1479972311423111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) commonly suffer from exertional symptoms of breathlessness and fatigue. The similar systemic manifestations of the conditions, including skeletal muscle dysfunction, are a major contributing factor to the limitation in exercise capacity. A period of exercise training has been shown to improve exercise performance and health-related quality of life for both conditions. Exercise training is a key component of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) which is now a standard of care for patients with COPD and is symptom based. Although it may be assumed that patients with CHF could be incorporated into cardiac rehabilitation, this is predominantly a secondary prevention programme for patients who are largely asymptomatic. It has been shown that patients with CHF can be successfully trained together with patients with COPD by the same therapists within PR. There are comparable outcome measures that can be used for both COPD and CHF. Many patients with CHF still do not have access to an exercise rehabilitation programme and incorporating them into the PR model of care could be one solution. This article reviews the (1) similar symptoms, mechanisms and consequences between COPD and CHF, (2) rationale and evidence for exercise training in CHF, (3) model of PR, (4) safety of exercise training in CHF, (5) evidence for combined exercise rehabilitation for CHF and COPD, (6) adaptations necessary to include patients with CHF into PR, (7) the chronic care model and (8) summary.
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Fowler RM, Jenkins SC, Maiorana AJ, Gain KR, O'Driscoll G, Gabbay E. Measurement properties of the 6-min walk test in individuals with exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Intern Med J 2011; 41:679-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2011.02501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Green HJ, Batada A, Cole B, Burnett ME, Kollias H, McKay S, Roy B, Schertzer J, Smith I, Tupling S. Cellular responses in skeletal muscle to a season of ice hockey. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35:657-70. [PMID: 20962922 DOI: 10.1139/h10-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that a season of ice hockey would result in extensive remodeling of muscle. Tissue sampled from the vastus lateralis of 15 players (age = 20.6 ± 0.4 years; mean ± SE) prior to (PRE) and following (POST) a season was used to characterize specific adaptations. Measurement of representative metabolic pathway enzymes indicated higher maximal activities in POST than in PRE (p < 0.05) for succinic dehydrogenase (3.26 ± 0.31 vs. 3.91 ± 0.11 mol mg protein(-1) min(-1)), citrate synthase (7.26 ± 0.70 vs. 8.70 ± 0.55 mol mg protein(-1) min(-1)), and phosphofructokinase (12.8 ± 1.3 vs. 14.4 ± 0.96 mol mg protein(-1) min(-1)) only. The season resulted in an increase in Na+-K+-ATPase concentration (253 ± 6.3 vs. 265 ± 6.0 pmol g(-1) wet weight), a decrease (p < 0.05) in maximal activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (107 ± 4.2 micromol g protein(-1) min(-1) vs. 92.0 ± 4.6 micromol g protein(-1) min(-1)), and no change in the distribution (%) of fibre types. A smaller (p < 0.05) cross-sectional area (CSA) for both type I (-11.7%) and type IIA (-18.2%) fibres and a higher (p < 0.05) capillary count/CSA for type I (+17.9%) and type IIA (+17.2%) were also found over the season. No changes were found in peak oxygen consumption (51.4 ± 1.2 mL kg(-1) min(-1) vs. 52.3 ± 1.3 mL kg(-1) min(-1)). The results suggest, based on the alterations in oxidative and perfusion potentials and muscle mass, that the dominant adaptations are in support of oxidative metabolism, which occurs at the expense of fibre CSA and possibly force-generating potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Green
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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12
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Middlekauff HR. Making the case for skeletal myopathy as the major limitation of exercise capacity in heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2010; 3:537-46. [PMID: 20647489 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.109.903773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Evans RA, Singh SJ, Collier R, Loke I, Steiner MC, Morgan MDL. Generic, symptom based, exercise rehabilitation; integrating patients with COPD and heart failure. Respir Med 2010; 104:1473-81. [PMID: 20650624 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) develop similar symptoms of exertional breathlessness and fatigue as patients with COPD. Although pulmonary (exercise based) rehabilitation (PR) is an integral part of the management of COPD, the potential for exercise rehabilitation (ER) to assist patients with CHF may not be as readily appreciated. We investigated whether combined ER for patients with CHF and COPD was feasible and effective using the model of PR. METHODS 57 patients with CHF were randomized 2:1 to 7 weeks ER (CHF-ER) or 7 weeks of usual care (CHF-UC). As a comparator 55 patients with COPD were simultaneously recruited to the same ER program (COPD-ER). The primary outcome measure was the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) and the secondary outcome measures were the Endurance Shuttle Walk Test (ESWT), isometric quadriceps strength and health status. RESULTS 27 CHF and 44 COPD patients completed ER and 17 patients with CHF completed UC. The CHF-ER group made significant improvements, compared to CHF-UC, in the mean (95%CI) ISWT distance; 62(35-89)m vs -6(-11 to 33)m p < 0.001. The CHF-ER group also made statistically significant improvements in health status. The improvements in exercise performance and health status were similar between patients with CHF and COPD, treated with ER. CONCLUSION Patients with CHF who undergo ER improve similarly in their exercise performance and health status to COPD. Combined training programs for COPD and CHF are effective and feasible, such that service provision could be targeted around common disability rather than the primary organ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Evans
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom.
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Lamotte M, Fleury F, Pirard M, Jamon A, Borne PVD. Acute cardiovascular response to resistance training during cardiac rehabilitation: effect of repetition speed and rest periods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 17:329-36. [DOI: 10.1097/hjr.0b013e328332efdd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lamotte
- Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussel, Belgium
| | - Fany Fleury
- Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussel, Belgium
| | - Melissa Pirard
- Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussel, Belgium
| | - Alexander Jamon
- Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussel, Belgium
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Green HJ, Bombardier E, Burnett ME, D'Arsigny CL, Iqbal S, Webb KA, Ouyang J, O'Donnell DE. Cellular assessment of muscle in COPD: case studies of two males. Int J Gen Med 2009; 2:227-42. [PMID: 20360908 PMCID: PMC2840564 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s5981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent developments in muscle physiology and biochemistry in general, and with respect to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) specifically. As a way of illustration, we have presented data on the remodeling that occurs in vastus lateralis in two patients with COPD (COPD #1, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity [FEV1/FVC] = 63%; COPD #2, FEV1/FVC = 41%) exhibiting differences in muscle wasting as compared to healthy controls (CON; FEV1/FVC = 111 ± 2.2%, n = 4). Type I fibers percentages were lower in both COPD #1 (16.7) and COPD #2 (24.9) compared to CON (57.3 ± 5.2). Cross sectional area of the type I fibers of the patients ranged between 65%–68% of CON and for the type II subtypes (IIA, IIAX, IIX) between 74% and 89% (COPD #1) and 17%–32% (COPD #2). A lower number of capillary contacts were observed for all fiber types in COPD #1 but not COPD #2. Lower concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (24%–26%) and phosphocreatine (18%–20%), but not lactate occurred in COPD. In contrast to COPD #1, who displayed normal glucose transporter content, GLUT1 and GLUT4 were only 71% and 54%, respectively of CON in COPD #2. Lower monocarboxylate contents were found for MCT1 in both COPD #1 (63%) and COPD #2 (41%) and for MCT4 (78%) in COPD #1. Maximal oxidative enzyme activities (Vmax) for COPD #2 ranged between 37% (succinic dehydrogenase) and 70% (cytochrome C oxidase) of CON. For the cytosolic enzymes, Vmax ranged between 89% (hexokinase) to 31% (pyruvate kinase) of CON. Depressions were also observed in Vmax of the Na+-K+-ATPase for COPD #1 (66% of CON) but not COPD #2 (92% of CON) while Vmax of the Ca2+-ATPase was near normal in COPD #1 (84% CON). It is concluded that disturbances can occur in muscle to a wide range of excitation, contraction and metabolic processes in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Green
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Puthucheary Z, Hart N. Intensive care unit acquired muscle weakness: when should we consider rehabilitation? CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2009; 13:167. [PMID: 19664190 PMCID: PMC2750140 DOI: 10.1186/cc7937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle weakness is highly prevalent during acute critical illness, with the poor exercise performance that occurs after critical illness being recognized as a consequence of skeletal muscles weakness. Advanced techniques to measure peripheral muscle strength are available, but they have limited use in the clinical setting. Simple volitional methods to assess strength are limited because they rely on patient motivation, which can be problematic in the critical care setting. At present, the mechanisms that underlie skeletal muscle wasting and weakness are poorly understood, but use of rehabilitation early in critical illness appears to have beneficial effects on outcome. The future direction will be to determine the underlying mechanisms as well as developing rehabilitation programmes during both the acute and the post critical illness stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zudin Puthucheary
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Department of Critical Care, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Swisher AK, Alway SE, Yeater R. The Effect of Exercise on Peripheral Muscle in Emphysema: A Preliminary Investigation. COPD 2009; 3:9-15. [PMID: 17175660 DOI: 10.1080/15412550500493287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Emphysema has been associated with loss of aerobic muscle fibers and decreased blood supply. However, when these changes begin and whether exercise can prevent these changes is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine peripheral muscle at different time points during the development of emphysema and to determine the additional effects of muscle activity. In a series of 3 experiments, emphysema was induced in hamsters. Exercise was simulated through surgical overload (OV) of the plantaris muscle of one leg. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 5 months following emphysema induction. Fiber type composition and capillary-to-fiber ratio (CFR) were determined. There were no significant changes in fiber type composition in the 1-month group. A significant increase in type IIA fiber composition (mean 72.0 vs. 54.5%) and decrease in type IIB fiber (mean 13.3 vs. 28.1%) was seen in the non-overloaded muscles following 3 months. In the 5-month group, there was a significant decrease in percentage of type I fibers (mean 14.7 vs. 28.0%). There were no significant differences in fiber type composition in the OV limb, regardless of duration. The CFR was significantly lower in the OV limb after 5-months of emphysema (mean 0.92 vs. 1.55 cap/fiber). Muscle overload prevented emphysema-associated changes in fiber type composition, but not in CFR. Peripheral muscle is affected early in the course of emphysema and chronic overload may play an important role in preserving normal muscle composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Swisher
- Division of Physical Therapy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9226, USA.
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Green HJ, Burnett ME, D'Arsigny CL, Webb KA, McBride I, Ouyang J, O'Donnell DE. Vastus lateralis NA+-K+-ATpase activity, protein, and isoform distribution in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Muscle Nerve 2009; 40:62-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Wilson RS, Leurgans S, Shah RC, Bennett DA. Respiratory muscle strength predicts decline in mobility in older persons. Neuroepidemiology 2008; 31:174-80. [PMID: 18784416 DOI: 10.1159/000154930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that respiratory muscle strength is associated with the rate of change in mobility even after controlling for leg strength and physical activity. METHODS Prospective study of 890 ambulatory older persons without dementia who underwent annual clinical evaluations to examine change in the rate of mobility over time. RESULTS In a linear mixed-effect model adjusted for age, sex, and education, mobility declined about 0.12 unit/year, and higher levels of respiratory muscle strength were associated with a slower rate of mobility decline (estimate 0.043, SE 0.012, p < 0.001). Respiratory muscle strength remained associated with the rate of change in mobility even after controlling for lower extremity strength (estimate 0.036, SE 0.012, p = 0.004). In a model that included terms for respiratory muscle strength, lower extremity strength and physical activity together, all three were independent predictors of mobility decline in older persons. These associations remained significant even after controlling for body composition, global cognition, the development of dementia, parkinsonian signs, possible pulmonary disease, smoking, joint pain and chronic diseases. CONCLUSION Respiratory muscle strength is associated with mobility decline in older persons independent of lower extremity strength and physical activity. Clinical interventions to improve respiratory muscle strength may decrease the burden of mobility impairment in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Green HJ, Burnett ME, D'Arsigny CL, O'Donnell DE, Ouyang J, Webb KA. Altered metabolic and transporter characteristics of vastus lateralis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 105:879-86. [PMID: 18635880 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90458.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate energy metabolic and transporter characteristics in resting muscle of patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD; forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) = 42 +/- 6.0% (mean +/- SE)], tissue was extracted from resting vastus lateralis (VL) of 9 COPD patients and compared with that of 12 healthy control subjects (FEV(1) = 114 +/- 3.4%). Compared with controls, lower (P < 0.05) concentrations (mmol/kg dry wt) of ATP (19.6 +/- 0.65 vs. 17.8 +/- 0.69) and phosphocreatine (81.3 +/- 2.3 vs. 69.1 +/- 4.2) were observed in COPD, which occurred in the absence of differences in the total adenine nucleotide and total creatine pools. Higher concentrations were observed in COPD for several glycolytic metabolites (glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, pyruvate) but not lactate. Glycogen storage was not affected by the disease (289 +/- 20 vs. 269 +/- 20 mmol glucosyl units/kg dry wt). Although no difference between groups was observed for the glucose transporter GLUT1, GLUT4 was reduced by 28% in COPD. For the monocarboxylate transporters, MCT4 was 35% lower in COPD, with no differences observed for MCT1. These results indicate that in resting VL, moderate to severe COPD results in a reduction in phosphorylation potential, an apparent elevation of glycolytic flux rate, and a potential defect in glucose and lactate transport as a result of reduced levels of the principal isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Green
- Dept. of Kinesiology, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
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Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of the Lower Limbs in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2008; 28:79-91. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hcr.0000314201.02053.a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mattson JP, Poole DC, Hahn SA, Musch TI, Hinkle RT, Isfort RJ. Maximal force is unaffected by emphysema-induced atrophy in extensor digitorium longus. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2008; 161:119-24. [PMID: 18314399 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) demonstrate a limited exercise capacity. It is unknown whether muscle fiber atrophy and subsequent decrease in force production contributes to this functional limitation. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether emphysema-induced muscle fiber atrophy leads to a reduction in locomotory muscle force production. Maximal muscle force production and fiber cross-sectional area were measured in the almost exclusively fast-twitch extensor digitorium longus muscles at 4 and 8 months following saline (control, n=8/time period) or elastase (emphysema, n=15/time period) instillation in the lungs of hamsters. Excised lung volume increased 145 and 161% with emphysema at 4 and 8 months, respectively (both P<0.01). Muscle mass, maximal force, and fiber cross-section were unaltered at 4 months. However, absolute mass (-15%) and fiber cross-sectional area (-18%) were reduced at 8 months (both P<0.01). Surprisingly, maximal force was preserved in emphysema animals. These data demonstrate that maximal muscle force may be preserved in the face of emphysema-induced fiber atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Mattson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 West College Avenue, St. Peter, MN 56082, USA.
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FEIEREISEN PATRICK, DELAGARDELLE CHARLES, VAILLANT MICHEL, LASAR YVES, BEISSEL JEAN. Is Strength Training the More Efficient Training Modality in Chronic Heart Failure? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39:1910-7. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31814fb545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Del Fabbro E, Dalal S, Bruera E. Symptom control in palliative care--Part II: cachexia/anorexia and fatigue. J Palliat Med 2006; 9:409-21. [PMID: 16629571 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2006.9.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Egidio Del Fabbro
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
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