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Chao JK, Yang MC, Chen CS, Wang IC, Kao WT, Shi MD. A gender-specific COMT haplotype contributes to risk modulation rather than disease severity of major depressive disorder in a Chinese population. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:376-386. [PMID: 30597299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COMT rs4680 Val158 allele is associated with high MB-COMT protein expression and elevated activity compared to the Met158 allele in post-mortem brains. A meta-analysis study suggested the link between COMT SNPs and MDD risk; in addition, MB membrane-bound (MB-COMT) specific genetic variation was reported that influences predisposition to depression amongst females. METHODS Four tagSNPs, including rs4680, were genotyped. 268 MDD subjects and 223 controls were enrolled. MDD severity was rated by HDRS. Total-COMT and MB-COMT mRNA were detected by quantitative PCR. COMT protein and activity were assayed by western blot and methyltransferase assay, respectively. RESULTS Haplotype TG of rs4633-rs4680, rs4646312 C, and rs4633 T allele might be linked to MDD vulnerability. Haplotype TG may interact with gender and affect MDD risk, since female haplotype TG carriers were estimated for a 9.17-fold higher risk than counterparts. COMT SNPs were not associated with HDRS scores. Haplotype TG female controls had higher MB-COMT protein, whereas non-TG female controls had higher soluble cytoplasmic (S-COMT) protein than other groups. COMT activity was much higher in controls than in MDD subjects. LIMITATIONS Restricted numbers of homozygous TG carriers were recruited and analyzed for COMT mRNA, protein and activity. Only peripheral blood samples were used. CONCLUSIONS A female-specific haplotype (haplotype TG)-MDD vulnerability association was found. TG female controls had higher MB-COMT protein and S-COMT. Altogether, high COMT protein and activity in female TG controls may be predisposing factors for enhanced MDD risk, though not correlated to MDD severity as rated by HDRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kang Chao
- Department of Psychiatry, Pingtung Branch, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung 91245, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Yuli Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hualien 98142, Taiwan; Department of Social Work, National Pingtung University of Science & Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Yang
- Laboratories of Medical Research, Center for Education and Faculty Development, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Sheng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - I-Chou Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Kao
- Laboratories of Medical Research, Center for Education and Faculty Development, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Der Shi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperhomocysteineamia (HHcy) has long been suggested as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, the association between HHcy and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is still controversial. There is a lack of research on this topic in the Chinese population. This study aims to provide further results. METHODS 240 PAD patients and 240 control subjects were evaluated for both serum total homocysteine levels and ankle brachial indexes (ABIs). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between HHcy and the risk of developing PAD. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted according to age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, and histories of chronic disease. RESULTS The multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the risk of PAD was significantly associated with serum homocysteine levels. The interaction analysis showed no interactive role in the association between HHcy and PAD, indicating that homocysteine was associated with PAD independently of classical vascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, HHcy is an independent risk factor for PAD in the Chinese Han population. A prospective and randomized clinical trial of homocysteine lowering therapy in the Chinese population is needed to assess the causal nature of the relationship.
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Costa DDS, Bechara A, de Paula JJ, Romano-Silva MA, Correa H, Lage GM, Miranda DMD, Malloy-Diniz LF. Influence of COMT Val 158Met polymorphism on emotional decision-making: A sex-dependent relationship? Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:650-655. [PMID: 27836240 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The biological underpinnings of sex-related differences in decision-making are still under-explored. The COMT gene is related to sexual dimorphism and with different choices made under uncertainty, albeit no study has specifically investigated a moderation effect of sex on the association between the COMT gene and the performance on decision-making paradigms. In this study, we investigated the influence of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance depending on sex in a healthy adult sample. Participants were 192 healthy adults (84 men and 108 women). The first 40 choices in the IGT were considered decisions under ambiguity and the last 60 choices decisions under risk. To test our moderation hypothesis we used a separate regressions approach. The results revealed a sex-dependent effect of COMT Va l158Met polymorphism on decision-making as measured by the IGT. Val/Val women showed the best performance in the last trials of the IGT. Therefore, the COMT Val158Met polymorphism may be considered a genetic marker underlying sex differences in decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle de Souza Costa
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular Medicine (INCT-MM), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonas Jardim de Paula
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular Medicine (INCT-MM), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Psychology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular Medicine (INCT-MM), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Humberto Correa
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular Medicine (INCT-MM), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Menezes Lage
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular Medicine (INCT-MM), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora Marques de Miranda
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular Medicine (INCT-MM), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular Medicine (INCT-MM), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Naushad SM, Janaki Ramaiah M, Pavithrakumari M, Jayapriya J, Hussain T, Alrokayan SA, Gottumukkala SR, Digumarti R, Kutala VK. Artificial neural network-based exploration of gene-nutrient interactions in folate and xenobiotic metabolic pathways that modulate susceptibility to breast cancer. Gene 2016; 580:159-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Korhonen P, Kuoppamäki M, Prami T, Hoti F, Christopher S, Ellmén J, Aho V, Vahteristo M, Pukkala E, Haukka J. Entacapone and prostate cancer risk in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2015; 30:724-8. [PMID: 25639262 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and prostate cancer, both common in elderly men, is disputable. In the STRIDE-PD study, prostate cancer developed in 9 patients (3.7%) receiving levodopa/carbidopa with entacapone, a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, versus 2 cases (0.9%) without entacapone. The current pharmacoepidemiological study aimed to determine whether entacapone increases prostate cancer incidence or mortality in PD patients and whether cumulative exposure affects these rates. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using population-wide health care registers with patient-level linkage. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality were modeled by Cox's proportional hazards models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Use of entacapone with l-dopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor caused no increased risk of prostate cancer incidence (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.05; 95% confidence interval: 0.76-1.44) or mortality (0.93; 0.43-1.98). The HR for cumulative entacapone use of >360 days versus never-use was 0.82 (0.56-1.18) for prostate cancer incidence and 1.27 (0.60-2.72) for prostate cancer mortality.
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Wan GX, Cao YW, Li WQ, Li YC, Li F. The Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Val158Met Polymorphism Contributes to the Risk of Breast Cancer in the Chinese Population: An Updated Meta-Analysis. J Breast Cancer 2014; 17:149-56. [PMID: 25013436 PMCID: PMC4090317 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2014.17.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme plays a central role in estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. Emerging evidence from association studies has revealed that the functional Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680 G>A) of the Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) has been implicated in susceptibility to breast cancer in the Chinese population, while results of individual published studies remain inconclusive and inconsistent. To assess this association in the Chinese population, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS Eligible studies were searched on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Chinese Biomedicine Database. Odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to assess the association between COMT polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer using RevMan 5.2 and Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 14 eligible studies, with a total of 4,626 breast cancer cases and 5,637 controls. Overall, the COMT Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680 G>A) was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in several genetic models (A/A vs. G/G: OR, 1.59, 95% CI, 1.12-2.27; A/A vs. G/A+G/G: OR, 1.62, 95% CI, 1.14-2.29; A vs. G: OR, 1.15, 95% CI, 1.00-1.32), and a subgroup analysis according to menopausal status showed that this association was especially evident among premenopausal Chinese women (A/A vs. G/G: OR, 1.87, 95% CI, 0.99-3.54; A/A vs. G/A+G/G: OR, 1.94, 95% CI, 1.03-3.63). CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis indicated that COMT Val158Met variants contribute to breast cancer susceptibility in the Chinese population, particularly among premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xing Wan
- Department of Pathology and the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yu-Wen Cao
- Department of Pathology and the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Wen-Qin Li
- Department of Pathology and the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yu-Cong Li
- Department of Pathology and the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
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Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism and breast cancer risk in Asian population. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2343-50. [PMID: 24146281 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between the polymorphism of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met and breast cancer risk is still inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. A total of 18 studies including 5,175 cases and 6,463 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. When all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, no significantly elevated breast cancer risk was associated with all genetic models (for additive model: OR = 1.273, 95% CI = 0.947-1.711, P heterogeneity = 0.000; P = 0.110; for dominant model: OR = 1.080, 95% CI = 0.945-1.234, P heterogeneity = 0.001; P = 0.259; for recessive model: OR = 1.242, 95% CI = 0.941-1.641, P heterogeneity = 0.000; P = 0.126; for allele comparison model: OR = 1.096, 95% CI = 0.976-1.230, P heterogeneity = 0.000; P = 0.121). In the subgroup analysis by controls source, the same results were found in all genetic models. In summary, this meta-analysis suggests that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism is not a risk factor for breast cancer development. However, large sample and representative population-based studies with homogeneous breast cancer patients and well-matched controls are warranted to confirm this finding.
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Bräuner EV, Loft S, Wellejus A, Autrup H, Tjønneland A, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Adipose tissue PCB levels and CYP1B1 and COMT genotypes in relation to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal Danish women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2013; 24:256-268. [PMID: 23869875 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2013.809703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to PCBs may be an etiologic factor for breast cancer. The cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzymes are involved in estrogen metabolism and PCB metabolism, both of which may relate to breast cancer susceptibility. Polymorphisms in genes regulating these enzymes control efficiency. Our objective was to assess whether CYP1B1 and COMT gene polymorphisms modulate the effect of PCBs in breast cancer risk, among postmenopausal Danish women. Neither CYP1B1 Leu432Val polymorphisms nor adipose tissue PCBs were independently associated with breast cancer risk. When assessing the independent effect of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism, we observed reduced risk for breast cancer amongst hormone replacement therapy using women who were homozygous carriers of the variant allele compared with those carrying the wild-type variant (RR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.29-0.89). We found no statistically significant interactions between any of the PCB groups and CYP1B1 or COMT polymorphisms on the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira V Bräuner
- a Danish Building Research Institute, Construction and Health, Aalborg University , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Guo T, Wang W, Liu B, Chen H, Yang C. Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism and risk of autism spectrum disorders. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:725-34. [PMID: 23613504 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513479871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a family of childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders with complex genetic mechanisms underlying their aetiology. The aim of this case–control study was to evaluate the effect of the catechol-O-methyltransferase ( COMT) gene Val158Met polymorphism on ASD risk in a Chinese Han population. Methods The COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism in children (≤18 years old) with ASD and healthy control subjects. Results The frequency of the Val158/Val158 genotype in children with ASD (22/186; 11.8%) was significantly lower than in controls (38/186; 20.4%). When stratifying by select-item scores on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised protocol, it was found that children with ‘current overactivity’ and ‘ever overactivity’ had a significantly lower frequency of the Val158/Val158 genotype than those without. There were no significant associations between the COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism and ASD subtypes. Conclusions The COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism may be a biomarker for phenotypic variation in ASD, but these preliminary findings remain tentative, pending replication in larger, independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Guo
- Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiqian Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical College, WenZhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Psychology, WenZhou Medical College, WenZhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical College, WenZhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical College, WenZhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zou LW, Xu XJ, Liu T, Wang HY, Fan WJ, Wang XH, Zhang ZX, Zhai JX. No Association Between COMT Val158Met Polymorphism and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:78-84. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-wei Zou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-juan Xu
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Administration, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Han-yong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-jing Fan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xing-hua Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhao-xiang Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin-xia Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Qin X, Peng Q, Qin A, Chen Z, Lin L, Deng Y, Xie L, Xu J, Li H, Li T, Li S, Zhao J. Association of COMT Val158Met polymorphism and breast cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:136. [PMID: 23039364 PMCID: PMC3543196 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is one of the most important enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism and its functional genetic polymorphisms may be associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. Many epidemiological studies have been conducted to explore the association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and breast cancer risk. However, the results remain inconclusive. In order to derive a more precise estimation of this relationship, a large meta-analysis was performed in this study. METHODS Systematic searches of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were performed. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. RESULTS A total of 56 studies including 34,358 breast cancer cases and 45,429 controls were included. Overall, no significant associations between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and breast cancer risk were found for LL versus HH, HL versus HH, LL versus HL, recessive model LL versus HL+HH, and dominant model LL+HL versus HH. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, source of controls, and menopausal status, there was still no significant association detected in any of the genetic models. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis results suggest that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism may not contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slides(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs4806123577708417.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
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Abstract
Considerable support exists for the roles of metabolism in modulating the carcinogenic properties of chemicals. In particular, many of these compounds are pro-carcinogens that require activation to electrophilic forms to exert genotoxic effects. We systematically analyzed the existing literature on the metabolism of carcinogens by human enzymes, which has been developed largely in the past 25 years. The metabolism and especially bioactivation of carcinogens are dominated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (66% of bioactivations). Within this group, six P450s--1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2E1, and 3A4--accounted for 77% of the P450 activation reactions. The roles of these P450s can be compared with those estimated for drug metabolism and should be considered in issues involving enzyme induction, chemoprevention, molecular epidemiology, interindividual variations, and risk assessment.
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Yager JD. Catechol- O-methyltransferase: characteristics, polymorphisms and role in breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9:e41-e46. [PMID: 23734165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmec.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Catechol estrogens are carcinogenic, probably because of their estrogenicity and potential for further oxidative metabolism to reactive quinones. Estrogenic quinones cause oxidative DNA damage as well as form mutagenic depurinating adenine and guanine adducts. O-Methylation by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) blocks their estrogenicity and prevents their oxidation to quinones. A single gene encodes both membrane bound (MB) and soluble (S) forms of COMT. The COMT gene contains 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The valine108 (S-COMT)/158 (MB-COMT) SNP encodes a low activity form of COMT and has been widely studied as a putative risk factor for breast cancer, with inconsistent results. Investigations of two other SNPs in the promoter of MB-COMT that may affect its expression have also provided mixed results. Future studies on the role of COMT in breast cancer should incorporate measurement of biomarkers that reflect COMT activity and its protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Yager
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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Association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 30,199 cases and 38,922 controls. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6811-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zhang L, Jin Y, Chen M, Huang M, Harvey RG, Blair IA, Penning TM. Detoxication of structurally diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) o-quinones by human recombinant catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) via O-methylation of PAH catechols. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25644-54. [PMID: 21622560 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.240739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are environmental and tobacco carcinogens. Metabolic activation of intermediate PAH trans-dihydrodiols by aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) leads to the formation of electrophilic and redox-active o-quinones. We investigated whether O-methylation by human recombinant soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase (S-COMT) is a feasible detoxication step for a panel of structurally diverse PAH-catechols produced during the redox-cycling process. Classes of PAH non-K-region o-quinones (bay region, methylated bay region, and fjord region o-quinones) produced by AKRs were employed in the studies. PAH o-quinones were reduced to the corresponding catechols by dithiothreitol under anaerobic conditions and then further O-methylated by human S-COMT in the presence of S-[³H]adenosyl-l-methionine as a methyl group donor. The formation of the O-methylated catechols was detected by HPLC-UV coupled with in-line radiometric detection, and unlabeled products were also characterized by LC-MS/MS. Human S-COMT was able to catalyze O-methylation of all of the PAH-catechols and generated two isomeric metabolites in different proportions. LC-MS/MS showed that each isomer was a mono-O-methylated metabolite. ¹H NMR was used to assign the predominant positional isomer of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-catechol as the O-8-monomethylated catechol. The catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) varied among different classes of PAH-catechols by 500-fold. The ability of S-COMT to produce two isomeric products from PAH-catechols was rationalized using the crystal structure of the enzyme. We provide evidence that O-8-monomethylated benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-catechol is formed in three different human lung cell lines. It is concluded that human S-COMT may play a critical role in the detoxication of PAH o-quinones generated by AKRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Landis-Piwowar K, Chen D, Chan TH, Dou QP. Inhibition of catechol-Omicron-methyltransferase activity in human breast cancer cells enhances the biological effect of the green tea polyphenol (-)-EGCG. Oncol Rep 2010; 24:563-9. [PMID: 20596647 DOI: 10.3892/or_00000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world and has been studied extensively as a health-promoting beverage that may act to prevent a number of chronic diseases and cancers. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate [(-)-EGCG], a major component in green tea, is unstable under physiological conditions and methylation of (-)-EGCG by catechol-Omicron-methyltransferase (COMT) is a modification that reduces the biological activity of (-)-EGCG. In the current study, we hypothesized that suppression of COMT activity in human breast cancer cells could increase the proteasome-inhibitory potency of (-)-EGCG and therefore enhance its tumor cell growth-inhibitory activity. We first determined the COMT genotype and basal levels of COMT activity in various human breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, when breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells containing high COMT activity were tested, the diminished COMT activity apparently increased the effectiveness of (-)-EGCG via augmented proteasome inhibition and apoptosis induction. This study supplements the previous findings that methylated (-)-EGCG is less bioactive and supports the notion that COMT inhibition may increase the anti-cancer properties of tea polyphenols and the combination may serve as a novel approach or supplemental treatment for breast cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Landis-Piwowar
- Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Zhu BT, Wu KY, Wang P, Cai MX, Conney AH. O-methylation of catechol estrogens by human placental catechol-o-methyltransferase: interindividual differences in sensitivity to heat inactivation and to inhibition by dietary polyphenols. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1892-9. [PMID: 20606002 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.033548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a polymorphic enzyme that catalyzes the O-methylation of catechol estrogens. Recent animal studies showed that placental COMT is involved in the development of placentas and embryos, probably via the formation of 2-methoxyestradiol. In this study, we analyzed a total of 36 human term placentas to determine their cytosolic COMT activity for the O-methylation of catechol estrogens as well as their sensitivity to inhibition by heat and dietary compounds. Large variations (up to 4-fold) in the COMT activity for the formation of methoxyestrogens were noted with different human placental samples. The cytosolic COMTs in different human placentas also displayed considerable differences in their sensitivity to heat inactivation. This differential sensitivity was not associated with the overall catalytic activity for the O-methylation of catechol estrogen substrates. It was observed that there was a positive correlation (r = 0.760) between the sensitivity of the human placental COMT to heat inactivation and its sensitivity to inhibition by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (a well known tea polyphenol with COMT-inhibiting activity) but an inverse correlation (r = 0.544) between heat inactivation and inhibition by quercetin (another dietary COMT inhibitor). The differences in inhibition by these two dietary compounds are due to different mechanisms of COMT inhibition involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Ting Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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18
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COMT Val158Met polymorphism and breast cancer risk: evidence from 26 case–control studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 123:265-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Nissinen E, Männistö PT. Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2010; 95:73-118. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381326-8.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Importance of the COMT gene for sex differences in brain function and predisposition to psychiatric disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2010; 8:119-40. [PMID: 21769726 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2010_97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As outlined elsewhere in this volume, sex differences can affect brain function and its dysfunction in psychiatric disorders. It is known that genetic factors contribute to these sex dimorphisms, but the individual genes have rarely been identified. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, which encodes an enzyme that metabolises catechol compounds, including dopamine, is a leading candidate in this regard. COMT's enzyme activity, and the neurochemistry and behaviour of COMT knockout mice are both markedly sexually dimorphic. Furthermore, genetic associations between COMT and psychiatric phenotypes frequently show differences between men and women. Although many of these differences are unconfirmed or minor, some appear to be of reasonable robustness and magnitude and are reviewed in this chapter. Sexually dimorphic effects of COMT are usually attributed to transcriptional regulation by oestrogens; however, a careful examination of the literature suggests that additional mechanisms are likely to be at least as important. Here, we review the evidence for a sexually dimorphic influence of COMT upon psychiatric phenotypes and brain function, and discuss potential mechanisms by which this may occur. We conclude that despite the evidence being incomplete, there are accumulating and in places compelling data showing that COMT has markedly sexually dimorphic effects on brain function and its dysfunction in psychiatric disorders. Although oestrogenic regulation of COMT is probably partially responsible for these sex differences, other mechanisms are likely also involved. Since sex differences in the genetic architecture of brain function and psychiatric disorders are the rule not the exception, we anticipate that additional evidence will emerge for sexual dimorphisms, not only in COMT but also in many other autosomal genes.
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Udler MS, Azzato EM, Healey CS, Ahmed S, Pooley KA, Greenberg D, Shah M, Teschendorff AE, Caldas C, Dunning AM, Ostrander EA, Caporaso NE, Easton D, Pharoah PD. Common germline polymorphisms in COMT, CYP19A1, ESR1, PGR, SULT1E1 and STS and survival after a diagnosis of breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2687-96. [PMID: 19551860 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although preliminary evidence suggests that germline variation in genes involved in steroid hormone metabolism may alter breast cancer prognosis, this has not been systematically evaluated. We examined associations between germline polymorphisms in 6 genes involved in the steroid hormone metabolism and signaling pathway (COMT, CYP19A1, ESR1, PGR, SULT1E1, STS) and survival among women with breast cancer participating in SEARCH, a population-based case-control study. Blood samples from up to 4,470 women were genotyped for 4 possible functional SNPs in CYP19A1 and 106 SNPs tagging the common variation in the remainder of the genes. The genotypes of each polymorphism were tested for association with survival after breast cancer diagnosis using Cox regression analysis. Significant evidence of an association was observed for a COMT polymorphism (rs4818 p = 0.016) under the codominant model. This SNP appeared to fit a dominant model better (HR = 0.80 95% CI: 0.69-0.95, p = 0.009); however, the result was only marginally significant after permutation analysis adjustment for multiple hypothesis tests (p = 0.047). To further evaluate this finding, somatic expression microarray data from 8 publicly available datasets were used to test the association between survival and tumor COMT gene expression; no statistically significant associations were observed. A correlated SNP in COMT, rs4860, has recently been associated with breast cancer prognosis in Chinese women in a dominant model. These results suggest that COMT rs4818, or a variant it tags, is associated with breast cancer prognosis. Further study of COMT and its putative association with breast cancer prognosis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Udler
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Departments of Public Health and Primary Care and Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
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22
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Eichenbaum G, Johnson M, Kirkland D, O’Neill P, Stellar S, Bielawne J, DeWire R, Areia D, Bryant S, Weiner S, Desai-Krieger D, Guzzie-Peck P, Evans DC, Tonelli A. Assessment of the genotoxic and carcinogenic risks of p-nitrophenol when it is present as an impurity in a drug product. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 55:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Fuhrman BJ, Pfeiffer R, Xu X, Wu AH, Korde L, Gail MH, Keefer LK, Veenstra TD, Hoover RN, Ziegler RG. Soy intake is associated with increased 2-hydroxylation and decreased 16alpha-hydroxylation of estrogens in Asian-American women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2751-60. [PMID: 19789363 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Asian and Asian-American women, soy consumption is associated with reduced breast cancer risk, perhaps due to its effects on estrogen production or metabolism. In a sample of Asian-American women, we investigated the associations of usual adult soy intake with the urinary concentrations of 15 estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EM) measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. METHODS Participants included 430 Chinese-American, Japanese-American, and Filipino-American women, ages 20 to 55 years, and living in San Francisco-Oakland (California), Los Angeles (California), or Oahu (Hawaii). They were postmenopausal (n = 167) or premenopausal in luteal phase (n = 263) when 12-hour urine samples were collected. Robust linear regression was used to assess soy tertiles as predictors of log-transformed EM measures. Individual and grouped EM were considered as concentrations (pmol/mg creatinine) and as percentages of total EM (%EM). RESULTS Factor analysis confirmed that EM groups defined by metabolic pathways appropriately captured covariation in EM profiles. Total EM concentrations were not significantly associated with soy in premenopausal or postmenopausal women. Among all women, %2-hydroxylated EM and %4-hydroxylation pathway EM were 16% higher (P(trend) = 0.02) and 19% higher (P(trend) = 0.03) in the highest versus lowest soy tertiles, respectively. In contrast, 16% hydroxylated EM were 11% lower (P(trend) < 0.01). Results were consistent across ethnic and menopausal groups and after adjustment for westernization measured by birthplace (Asia or United States). DISCUSSION Findings suggest that regular soy intake is associated with increased ratios of 2:16-pathway EM and with higher relative levels of 4-hydroxylated EM. The observed variations in estrogen metabolism might modify breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Fuhrman
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Room 5003, Rockville, MD 20852-7246, USA.
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24
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Rutherford K, Daggett V. A hotspot of inactivation: The A22S and V108M polymorphisms individually destabilize the active site structure of catechol O-methyltransferase. Biochemistry 2009; 48:6450-60. [PMID: 19435324 DOI: 10.1021/bi900174v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) contains three common polymorphisms (A22S, A52T, and V108M), two of which (A22S and V108M) render the protein susceptible to deactivation by temperature or oxidation. We have performed multiple molecular dynamics simulations of the wild-type, A22S, A52T, and V108M COMT proteins to explore the structural consequences of these mutations. In total, we have amassed more than 1.4 micros of simulation time, representing the largest set of simulations detailing the effects of polymorphisms on a protein system to date. The A52T mutation had no significant effect on COMT structure in accord with experiment, thereby serving as a good negative control for the simulation set. Residues 22 (alpha2) and 108 (alpha5) interact with each other throughout the simulations and are located in a polymorphic hotspot approximately 20 A from the active site. Introduction of either the larger Ser (22) or Met (108) tightens this interaction, pulling alpha2 and alpha5 toward each other and away from the protein core. The V108M polymorphism rearranges active-site residues in alpha5, beta3, and alpha6, increasing the S-adenosylmethionine site solvent exposure. The A22S mutation reorients alpha2, moving critical catechol-binding residues away from the substrate-binding pocket. The A22S and V108M polymorphisms evolved independently in Northern European and Asian populations. While the decreased activities of both A22S and V108M COMT are associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia, the V108M-induced destabilization is also linked with improved cognitive function. These results suggest that polymorphisms within this hotspot may have evolved to regulate COMT activity and that heterozygosity for either mutation may be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rutherford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5013, USA
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25
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Parl FF, Egan KM, Li C, Crooke PS. Estrogen exposure, metabolism, and enzyme variants in a model for breast cancer risk prediction. Cancer Inform 2009; 7:109-21. [PMID: 19718449 PMCID: PMC2730178 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a well-known risk factor for breast cancer. Current models of breast cancer risk prediction are based on cumulative estrogen exposure but do not directly reflect mammary estrogen metabolism or address genetic variability between women in exposure to carcinogenic estrogen metabolites. We are proposing a mathematical model that forecasts breast cancer risk for a woman based on three factors: (1) estimated estrogen exposure, (2) kinetic analysis of the oxidative estrogen metabolism pathway in the breast, and (3) enzyme genotypes responsible for inherited differences in the production of carcinogenic metabolites. The model incorporates the main components of mammary estrogen metabolism, i.e. the conversion of 17β-estradiol (E2) by the phase I and II enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) into reactive metabolites, including catechol estrogens and estrogen quinones, such as E2-3,4-Q which can damage DNA. Each of the four genes is genotyped and the SNP data used to derive the haplotype configuration for each subject. The model then utilizes the kinetic and genotypic data to calculate the amount of E2-3,4-Q carcinogen as ultimate risk factor for each woman. The proposed model extends existing models by combining the traditional “phenotypic” measures of estrogen exposure with genotypic data associated with the metabolic fate of E2 as determined by critical phase I and II enzymes. Instead of providing a general risk estimate our model would predict the risk for each individual woman based on her age, reproductive experiences as well as her genotypic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz F Parl
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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26
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Parl FF, Dawling S, Roodi N, Crooke PS. Estrogen metabolism and breast cancer: a risk model. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1155:68-75. [PMID: 19250193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative metabolites of estrogens have been implicated in the development of breast cancer, yet relatively little is known about the metabolism of estrogens in the normal breast. We developed an experimental in vitro model of mammary estrogen metabolism in which we combined purified, recombinant phase I enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 with the phase II enzymes COMT and GSTP1 to determine how 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) is metabolized. We employed both gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry to measure the parent hormone E(2) as well as eight metabolites, that is, the catechol estrogens, methoxyestrogens, and estrogen-GSH conjugates. We used these experimental data to develop an in silico model, which allowed the kinetic simulation of converting E(2) into eight metabolites. The simulations showed excellent agreement with experimental results and provided a quantitative assessment of the metabolic interactions. Using rate constants of genetic variants of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT, the model further allowed examination of the kinetic impact of enzyme polymorphisms on the entire metabolic pathway, including the identification of those haplotypes producing the largest amounts of catechols and quinones. Application of the model to a breast cancer case-control population defined the estrogen quinone E(2)-3,4-Q as a potential risk factor and identified a subset of women with an increased risk of breast cancer based on their enzyme haplotypes and consequent E(2)-3,4-Q production. Our in silico model integrates diverse types of data and offers the exciting opportunity for researchers to combine metabolic and genetic data in assessing estrogenic exposure in relation to breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz F Parl
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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27
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Identification of a novel haplotype of the human catechol-O-methyltransferase gene. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2009; 19:87-9. [PMID: 19077667 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32830fbde4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; EC 2.1.1.6) catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group to a variety of endogenous and exogenous catechol substrates using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. This enzymatic O-methylation plays an important role in the inactivation of biologically active and toxic catechols. A number of studies in recent years have sought to characterize the polymorphism of human COMTs and also to determine the catalytic activity of polymorphic enzymes. We report here the identification of a new haplotype of the human COMT gene with triplet point mutations, which encodes the D51G/S60F/K162R mutant of the soluble COMT and the D101G/S110F/K212R mutant of the membrane-bound COMT. Kinetic analysis showed that these new COMT variants had essentially the same kinetic characteristics and catalytic activity as the wild-type COMTs for the O-methylation of 2-hydroxyestradiol and 4-hydroxyestradiol in vitro, but they have a significantly reduced thermostability at 37 degrees C.
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28
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Maronpot RR. Biological Basis of Differential Susceptibility to Hepatocarcinogenesis among Mouse Strains. J Toxicol Pathol 2009; 22:11-33. [PMID: 22271974 PMCID: PMC3246016 DOI: 10.1293/tox.22.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a vast amount of literature related to mouse liver tumorigenesis generated over the past 60 years, not all of which has been captured here. The studies reported in this literature have generally been state of the art at the time they were carried out. A PubMed search on the topic "mouse liver tumors" covering the past 10 years yields over 7000 scientific papers. This review address several important topics related to the unresolved controversy regarding the relevance of mouse liver tumor responses observed in cancer bioassays. The inherent mouse strain differential sensitivities to hepatocarcinogenesis largely parallel the strain susceptibility to chemically induced liver neoplasia. The effects of phenobarbital and halogenated hydrocarbons in mouse hepatocarcinogenesis have been summarized because of recurring interest and numerous publications on these topics. No single simple paradigm fully explains differential mouse strain responses, which can vary more than 50-fold among inbred strains. In addition to inherent genetics, modifying factors including cell cycle balance, enzyme induction, DNA methylation, oncogenes and suppressor genes, diet, and intercellular communication influence susceptibility to spontaneous and induced mouse hepatocarcinogenesis. Comments are offered on the evaluation, interpretation, and relevance of mouse liver tumor responses in the context of cancer bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Maronpot
- Maronpot Consulting, LLC, 1612 Medfield Road, Raleigh, NC 27607-4726, USA
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Shrubsole MJ, Lu W, Chen Z, Shu XO, Zheng Y, Dai Q, Cai Q, Gu K, Ruan ZX, Gao YT, Zheng W. Drinking green tea modestly reduces breast cancer risk. J Nutr 2009; 139:310-6. [PMID: 19074205 PMCID: PMC2646205 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.098699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea is a commonly consumed beverage in China. Epidemiological and animal data suggest tea and tea polyphenols may be preventive against various cancers, including breast cancer. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes catechol estrogens and tea polyphenols. The COMT rs4680 AA genotype leads to lower COMT activity, which may affect the relationship between green tea consumption and breast cancer risk. We evaluated whether regular green tea consumption was associated with breast cancer risk among 3454 incident cases and 3474 controls aged 20-74 y in a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China during 1996-2005. All participants were interviewed in person about green tea consumption habits, including age of initiation, duration of use, brew strength, and quantity of tea. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were calculated for green tea consumption measures and adjusted for age and other confounding factors. Compared with nondrinkers, regular drinking of green tea was associated with a slightly decreased risk for breast cancer (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.98). Among premenopausal women, reduced risk was observed for years of green tea drinking (P-trend = 0.02) and a dose-response relationship with the amount of tea consumed per month was also observed (P-trend = 0.046). COMT rs4680 genotypes did not have a modifying effect on the association of green tea intake with breast cancer risk. Drinking green tea may be weakly associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha J. Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Gu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Xian Ruan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Harrison PJ, Tunbridge EM. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): a gene contributing to sex differences in brain function, and to sexual dimorphism in the predisposition to psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:3037-45. [PMID: 17805313 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the genetic epidemiology and clinical features of psychiatric disorders are well recognized, but the individual genes contributing to these effects have rarely been identified. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which metabolizes catechol compounds, notably dopamine, is a leading candidate. COMT enzyme activity, and the neurochemistry and behavior of COMT null mice, are both markedly sexually dimorphic. Genetic associations between COMT and various psychiatric phenotypes frequently show differences between men and women. Many of these differences are unconfirmed or minor, but some appear to be of reasonable robustness and magnitude; eg the functional Val(158)Met polymorphism in COMT is associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder in men, with anxiety phenotypes in women, and has a greater impact on cognitive function in boys than girls. Sex-specific effects of COMT are usually attributed to transcriptional regulation by estrogens; however, additional mechanisms are likely to be at least as important. Here we review the evidence for a sexually dimorphic influence of COMT upon psychiatric phenotypes, and discuss its potential basis. We conclude that despite the evidence being incomplete, and lacking a unifying explanation, there are accumulating and in places compelling data showing that COMT differentially impacts on brain function and dysfunction in men and women. Since sex differences in the genetic architecture of quantitative traits are the rule not the exception, we anticipate that additional evidence will emerge for sexual dimorphisms, not only in COMT but also in many other autosomal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Rutherford K, Alphandéry E, McMillan A, Daggett V, Parson W. The V108M mutation decreases the structural stability of catechol O-methyltransferase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:1098-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Rutherford K, Le Trong I, Stenkamp R, Parson W. Crystal Structures of Human 108V and 108M Catechol O-Methyltransferase. J Mol Biol 2008; 380:120-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Doyle AE, Yager JD. Catechol-O-methyltransferase: effects of the val108met polymorphism on protein turnover in human cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2008; 1780:27-33. [PMID: 17980711 PMCID: PMC2198850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the human COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene has been associated with increased risk for breast cancer and several CNS diseases and disorders. The G to A polymorphism causes a valine (val) to methionine (met) substitution at codon 108 soluble - (S)/158 membrane - (MB)-COMT, generating alleles encoding high and low-activity forms of the enzyme, COMT H and COMT L, respectively. Tissues and cells with a COMT LL genotype have decreased COMT activity compared to COMT HH cells. Previously, we reported that the decreased activity was due to decreased amounts of S-COMT L protein in human hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated the role of S-COMT protein synthesis and turnover as determinates of reduced COMT protein in COMT LL compared to COMT HH cells. No association between S-COMT protein synthesis and COMT genotype was detected. Using a pulse-chase protocol, the half-life of S-COMT H was determined to be 4.7 days, which was considerably longer than expected from the half-lives of other phase 2 enzyme proteins. The half-life of S-COMT L compared to S-COMT H protein was significantly shorter at 3.0 days, but the difference was affected by the medium used during the chase period. These results suggest that increased turnover may contribute to reduced COMT activity in cells and tissues from COMT LL individuals. Subtle differences appear to be able to affect the stability of the S-COMT L protein, and this may contribute to the differences observed in epidemiological studies on the association of this polymorphism with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Doyle
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Toxicology, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - James D. Yager
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Toxicology, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
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Rutherford K, Parson WW, Daggett V. The histamine N-methyltransferase T105I polymorphism affects active site structure and dynamics. Biochemistry 2007; 47:893-901. [PMID: 18154359 DOI: 10.1021/bi701737f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) is the primary enzyme responsible for inactivating histamine in the mammalian brain. The human HNMT gene contains a common threonine-isoleucine polymorphism at residue 105, distal from the active site. The 105I variant has decreased activity and lower protein levels than the 105T protein. Crystal structures of both variants have been determined but reveal little regarding how the T105I polymorphism affects activity. We performed molecular dynamics simulations for both 105T and 105I at 37 degrees C to explore the structural and dynamic consequences of the polymorphism. The simulations indicate that replacing Thr with the larger Ile residue leads to greater burial of residue 105 and heightened intramolecular interactions between residue 105 and residues within helix alpha3 and strand beta3. This altered, tighter packing is translated to the active site, resulting in the reorientation of several cosubstrate-binding residues. The simulations also show that the hydrophobic histamine-binding domain in both proteins undergoes a large-scale breathing motion that exposes key catalytic residues and lowers the hydrophobicity of the substrate-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rutherford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, USA
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Lu F, Zahid M, Saeed M, Cavalieri EL, Rogan EG. Estrogen metabolism and formation of estrogen-DNA adducts in estradiol-treated MCF-10F cells. The effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induction and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 105:150-8. [PMID: 17582757 PMCID: PMC1986824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Formation of estrogen metabolites that react with DNA is thought to be a mechanism of cancer initiation by estrogens. The estrogens estrone (E(1)) and estradiol (E(2)) can form catechol estrogen (CE) metabolites, catechol estrogen quinones [E(1)(E(2))-3,4-Q], which react with DNA to form predominantly depurinating adducts. This may lead to mutations that initiate cancer. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes an inactivation (protective) pathway for CE. This study investigated the effect of inhibiting COMT activity on the levels of depurinating 4-OHE(1)(E(2))-1-N3Ade and 4-OHE(1)(E(2))-1-N7Gua adducts in human breast epithelial cells. MCF-10F cells were treated with TCDD, a cytochrome P450 inducer, then with E(2) and Ro41-0960, a COMT inhibitor. Estrogen metabolites and depurinating DNA adducts in culture medium were analyzed by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Pre-treatment of cells with TCDD increased E(2) metabolism to 4-OHE(1)(E(2)) and 4-OCH(3)E(1)(E(2)). Inclusion of Ro41-0960 and E(2) in the medium blocked formation of methoxy CE, and depurinating adducts were observed. With Ro41-0960, more adducts were detected in MCF-10F cells exposed to 1 microM E(2), whereas without the inhibitor, no increases in adducts were detected with E(2) < or =10 microM. We conclude that low COMT activity and increased formation of depurinating adducts can be critical factors leading to initiation of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
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Long JR, Cai Q, Shu XO, Cai H, Gao YT, Zheng W. Genetic polymorphisms in estrogen-metabolizing genes and breast cancer survival. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007; 17:331-8. [PMID: 17429315 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32801a3bfe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen plays a central role in the development and progression of breast cancer. The estrogen's effects are at least partially regulated by estrogen-metabolizing enzymes. The objective of the study is to investigate associations of breast cancer survival with genetic polymorphisms in several genes involved in estrogen metabolism (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, COMT, and AhR). METHODS A cohort of 1140 patients aged between 25 and 64 years at the time of diagnosis for primary breast cancer during 1996-1998 were included in the study. Patients were followed for cancer recurrence and mortality through July 2005. RESULTS Associations were observed at rs4680 (Met158Val) in the COMT gene and rs4646903 (CYP1A1*2A) in the CYP1A1 gene. The adjusted hazard ratio for the rs4680 AA genotype (low enzyme activity genotype) was 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.4) compared with the GG genotype for disease-free survival. Adjusted hazard ratios for the rs4646903 CC genotype were 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.2) for disease-free survival and 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.1) for overall survival compared with the TT genotype. No apparent association was found for any of the other six single nucleotide polymorphisms evaluated in the AhR, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 genes. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest that rs4680 in the COMT gene and rs4646903 in the CYP1A1 gene may be genetic markers for breast cancer prognosis in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Rong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, S-1121 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Hirose Y, Tsutsui TW, Ohno M, Barrett JC, Tsutsui T. Effects of a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor on catechol estrogen-induced cellular transformation, chromosome aberrations and apoptosis in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:1627-33. [PMID: 17230533 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To examine a possible mechanism of endogenous estrogen-induced carcinogenesis, we studied the effect of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor Ro 41-0960 on cell transforming and clastogenic activities of 2 catechol estrogens 2- and 4-hydroxyestrone (2- or 4-OHE1) using Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. COMT activity was assayed by determining the methylation of 2- or 4-OHE1 using gas chromatography. The production of 2-methoxyestrone in cultures treated with 2-OHE1 was approximately 2-fold that of 4-methoxyestrone in cultures treated with 4-OHE1. 4-OHE1 induced morphological transformation at a higher frequency than 2-OHE1 did and the frequencies of cell transformation and chromosome aberrations were not significantly changed in cells treated with 4-OHE1 in the presence of Ro 41-0960. In contrast, the frequencies of cell transformation and chromosome aberrations were markedly increased in cells treated with 2-OHE1 along with Ro 41-0960 when compared to cells treated with 2-OHE1 alone. In addition, both catechol estrogens induced P53 protein expression and apoptosis. The frequencies of apoptotic cells induced by the catechol estrogens were modified by the COMT inhibition in a manner similar to those observed with the chromosome aberrations assay and the cell transformation assay, indicating that each effect by the catechol estrogens at the three measured endpoints might be caused by a mechanism similar to the others. Our findings indicate that COMT activity has an influence on cell transforming activity and its related genetic effects of catechol estrogens in SHE cells, which implies that an individual activity of COMT may be one of the etiological factors in endogenous estrogen-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hirose
- Department of Pharmacology, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tao MH, Cai Q, Xu WH, Kataoka N, Wen W, Zheng W, Xiang YB, Zhang ZF, Shu XO. Cytochrome P450 1B1 and Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Genetic Polymorphisms and Endometrial Cancer Risk in Chinese Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:2570-3. [PMID: 17164389 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hua Tao
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, 6009 Medical Center East, 1215 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-8300, USA
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Crooke PS, Ritchie MD, Hachey DL, Dawling S, Roodi N, Parl FF. Estrogens, enzyme variants, and breast cancer: a risk model. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1620-9. [PMID: 16985022 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative metabolites of estrogens have been implicated in the development of breast cancer, yet relatively little is known about the metabolism of estrogens in the normal breast. We developed a mathematical model of mammary estrogen metabolism based on the conversion of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) by the enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP1B1, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and glutathione S-transferase P1 into eight metabolites [i.e., two catechol estrogens, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE(2)) and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE(2)); three methoxyestrogens, 2-methoxyestradiol, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxyestradiol, and 4-methoxyestradiol; and three glutathione (SG)-estrogen conjugates, 2-OHE(2)-1-SG, 2-OHE(2)-4-SG, and 4-OHE(2)-2-SG]. When used with experimentally determined rate constants with purified enzymes, the model provides for a kinetic analysis of the entire metabolic pathway. The predicted concentration of each metabolite during a 30-minute reaction agreed well with the experimentally derived results. The model also enables simulation for the transient quinones, E(2)-2,3-quinone (E(2)-2,3-Q) and E(2)-3,4-quinone (E(2)-3,4-Q), which are not amenable to direct quantitation. Using experimentally derived rate constants for genetic variants of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT, we used the model to simulate the kinetic effect of enzyme polymorphisms on the pathway and identified those haplotypes generating the largest amounts of catechols and quinones. Application of the model to a breast cancer case-control population identified a subset of women with an increased risk of breast cancer based on their enzyme haplotypes and consequent E(2)-3,4-Q production. This in silico model integrates both kinetic and genomic data to yield a comprehensive view of estrogen metabolomics in the breast. The model offers the opportunity to combine metabolic, genetic, and lifetime exposure data in assessing estrogens as a breast cancer risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Crooke
- Department of Pathology, TVC 4918, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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40
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Beuten J, Payne TJ, Ma JZ, Li MD. Significant association of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) haplotypes with nicotine dependence in male and female smokers of two ethnic populations. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31:675-84. [PMID: 16395295 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene plays a prominent role in dopaminergic circuits central to drug reward. Allelic variants within the COMT gene are therefore potential candidates for examining interindividual differences in vulnerability to nicotine dependence (ND). We analyzed five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including the Val/Met variant (rs4680), which results in a three- to four-fold difference in enzyme activity within COMT, for association with the three ND measures, SQ, HSI, and FTND, in 602 nuclear families of African-American (AA) or European-American (EA) origin. The Val/Met variant showed a significant association with the three ND measures in the pooled and EA samples and with FTND in the AA sample. Haplotype analysis revealed a major protective A-G-T haplotype (frequency 23.6%) for rs740603-rs4680-rs174699 in the AA sample (minimum Z=-3.35; P=0.0005 for FTND), a major protective T-G-T haplotype (frequency 15.2%; minimum Z=-2.92; P=0.003 for FTND) in the EA sample, and a high-risk C-A-T haplotype (frequency 16.9%; minimum Z=3.16; P=0.002 for SQ) in the AA sample for rs933271-rs4680-rs174699. Furthermore, we found that the significant haplotypes within COMT were gender-specific and the significantly associated A-G-T is protective in AA females only, whereas T-G-T is protective in EA males only. Moreover, we found a major high-risk T-A-T haplotype (frequency 56.7%) that showed significant association with the three ND measures in EA males. Further examination of two protective haplotypes, A-G-T in AAs and T-G-T in EAs, indicated that the low COMT enzyme activity Met allele is protective to become nicotine dependent. In summary, our results provide evidence for a role of COMT in the susceptibility to ND and further confirm that its effect is ethnic and gender specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Beuten
- Program in Genomics and Bioinformatics on Drug Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Li Y, Yang X, van Breemen RB, Bolton JL. Characterization of two new variants of human catechol O-methyltransferase in vitro. Cancer Lett 2005; 230:81-9. [PMID: 16253764 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Revised: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays an important role in the inactivation of biologically active and toxic catechols. It has been shown that human soluble COMT (S-COMT) is genetically polymorphic with a wild type and at least one variant in which a valine has been substituted with a methionine at codon 108. This polymorphism has been the subject of intense molecular epidemiological studies because of the important role of COMT in the metabolism of catecholamines and catechol estrogens. Several epidemiological studies have shown that women, homozygous with the Val108Met variant, have an increased risk of developing estrogen-associated cancers. However, some other studies have shown that this COMT polymorphism is not associated with increased risk of developing cancers. These conflicting data suggest that additional COMT genetic variants might contribute to the increased risk of developing cancers. Although two new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that cause amino acid substitutions Ala22Ser and Ala52Thr have been identified recently, they have not been fully characterized. In the present study, Ala22Ser and Ala52Thr variants of human S-COMT were produced using recombinant DNA techniques, and then COMT properties were measured including enzymatic activity, thermostability, and sensitivity to inhibition mediated by 4-hydroxyequilenin (4-OHEN). The Ala22Ser variant showed lower methylation capacity and higher thermolability. In addition, this variant is sensitive to 4-OHEN mediated irreversible inhibition. Our data indicate that the Ala22Ser polymorphism might also be of functional significance and might play a role in susceptibility to estrogen-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
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Wen W, Cai Q, Shu XO, Cheng JR, Parl F, Pierce L, Gao YT, Zheng W. Cytochrome P450 1B1 and catechol-O-methyltransferase genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in Chinese women: results from the shanghai breast cancer study and a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:329-35. [PMID: 15734954 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) are important estrogen-metabolizing enzymes and, thus, genetic polymorphisms of these enzymes may affect breast cancer risk. A population-based case-control study was conducted to assess the association of breast cancer risk with CYP1B1 and COMT polymorphisms. A meta-analysis was done to summarize the findings from this and previous studies. Included in this study were 1,135 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed from August 1996 through March 1998 among female residents of Shanghai and 1,235 randomly selected, age frequency-matched controls from the same general population. The common alleles of the CYP1B1 gene were Arg (79.97%) in codon 48, Ala (80.53%) in codon 119, and Leu (86.57%) in codon 432. The Val allele accounted for 72.46% of the total alleles identified in codon 108/158 of the COMT gene. No overall associations of breast cancer risk were found with any of the single nucleotide polymorphisms described above. This finding was supported by a meta-analysis of all previous published studies. No gene-gene interactions were observed between CYP1B1 and COMT genotypes. The associations of breast cancer risk with factors related to endogenous estrogen exposure, such as years of menstruation and body mass index, were not significantly modified by the CYP1B1 and COMT genotypes. We observed, however, that women who carried one copy of the variant allele in CYP1B1 codons 48 or 119 were less likely to have estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer than those who carried two copies of the corresponding wild-type alleles. The results from this study were consistent with those from most previous studies, indicating no major associations of breast cancer risk with CYP1B1 and COMT polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Wen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Center for Health Service Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Li Y, Yang X, Chang M, Yager JD, van Breemen RB, Bolton JL. Functional and structural comparisons of cysteine residues in the Val108 wild type and Met108 variant of human soluble catechol O-methyltransferase. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 152:151-63. [PMID: 15840388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Revised: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays an important role in the inactivation of biologically active and toxic catechols. This enzyme is genetically polymorphic with a wild type and a variant form. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that the variant form is associated with an increased risk of developing estrogen-associated cancers and a wide spectrum of mental disorders. There are seven cysteine residues in human S-COMT, all of which exist as free thiols and are susceptible to electrophilic attack and/or oxidative damage leading to enzyme inactivation. Here, the seven cysteine residues were systematically replaced by alanine residues by means of site-directed mutagenesis. The native forms and cysteine/alanine mutants were assayed for enzymatic activity, thermal stability, methylation regioselectivity, and reactivity of cysteine residues to thiol reagent. Our data showed that although there is only one encoding base difference between these two COMT forms, this difference might induce structural changes in the local area surrounding some cysteine residues, which might further contribute to the different roles they might play in enzymatic activity, and to the different susceptibility to enzyme inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
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44
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Doherty JA, Weiss NS, Freeman RJ, Dightman DA, Thornton PJ, Houck JR, Voigt LF, Rossing MA, Schwartz SM, Chen C. Genetic Factors in Catechol Estrogen Metabolism in Relation to the Risk of Endometrial Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:357-66. [PMID: 15734958 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxylated metabolites of estrogen have been shown to have antiangiogenic effects and inhibit tumor cell proliferation, whereas 4-hydroxylated metabolites have been implicated in carcinogenesis. We examined whether polymorphisms in certain genes involved in estrogen metabolism are associated with endometrial cancer risk in a population-based case-control study with 371 cases and 420 controls. Based on previously published genotype-phenotype correlation studies, we defined variant alleles thought to increase estrogen 2-hydroxylation as presumptively low-risk (CYP1A1 m1 T6235C and m2 Ile(462)Val) and those thought to increase estrogen 4-hydroxylation as high-risk (CYP1A1 m4 Thr(461)Asn, CYP1A2 A734C, and CYP1B1 Leu(432)Val). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Carrying at least one CYP1A1 m1 or m2 variant allele was associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer [ORs (95% CIs), 0.64 (0.44-0.93) and 0.54 (0.30-0.99), respectively]. No strong alteration in risk was observed among women with any of the putative high-risk alleles. When CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 genotypes were combined and ranked by the number of putative low-risk genotypes carried, women with four or five low-risk genotypes had a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.15-0.56) compared with women with one or none. No appreciable alteration in risk was observed among women carrying two or three low-risk genotypes. Some of our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that increased estrogen 2-hydroxylation is associated with decreased endometrial cancer risk, but replication of these results is required before any firm conclusions can be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Doherty
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, P.O. Box 19024 (M4-C308), Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
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Doyle AES, Goodman JE, Silber PM, Yager JD. Catechol-O-methyltransferase low activity genotype (COMTLL) is associated with low levels of COMT protein in human hepatocytes. Cancer Lett 2004; 214:189-95. [PMID: 15363545 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Revised: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene that alters the amino acid sequence at codon 108 of S-COMT from val to met (val108met polymorphism) has been associated with a number of diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Several studies have shown that the met108 allele (COMTL) is associated with three to four-fold lower levels of COMT activity, compared to the val108 allele (COMTH), in extracts of human erythrocytes, liver and kidney tissue. We hypothesized that the differences in COMT activity observed in these studies were due to differing levels of COMT protein in cells and tissues with varying COMT genotypes. In order to address this, we obtained hepatocytes from 31 Caucasian female donors and determined their COMT genotype, COMT activity and COMT protein levels. We found that both cytosolic COMT activity and cytosolic COMT protein levels are lower in hepatocytes from COMTLL individuals, and that COMT activity levels correlate with COMT protein levels. Therefore, lower COMT activity seen in tissues and cells with the COMTLL genotype is likely due to lower COMT protein levels compared with tissues and cells from COMTHH individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Sullivan Doyle
- Division of Toxicological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA
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Guillemette C, Bélanger A, Lépine J. Metabolic inactivation of estrogens in breast tissue by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: an overview. Breast Cancer Res 2004; 6:246-54. [PMID: 15535854 PMCID: PMC1064083 DOI: 10.1186/bcr936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The breast tissue is the site of major metabolic conversions of estradiol (E2) mediated by specific cytochromes P450 hydroxylations and methylation by catechol-O-methytransferase. In addition to E2 itself, recent findings highlight the significance of 4-hydroxylated estrogen metabolites as chemical mediators and their link to breast cancer development and progression, whereas, in opposition, 2-methoxylated estrogens appear to be protective. Recent data also indicate that breast tissue possesses enzymatic machinery to inactivate and eliminate E2 and its oxidized and methoxylated metabolites through conjugation catalyzed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), which involves the covalent addition of glucuronic acid. In opposition to other metabolic pathways of estrogen, the UGT-mediated process leads to the formation of glucuronides that are devoid of biologic activity and are readily excreted from the tissue into the circulation. This review addresses the most recent findings on the identification of UGT enzymes that are responsible for the glucuronidation of E2 and its metabolites, and evidence regarding their potential role in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Guillemette
- Canada Research Chair in Pharmacogenomics and laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, CHUL Research Center, Québec, Canada.
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Cotton NJH, Stoddard B, Parson WW. Oxidative inhibition of human soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:23710-8. [PMID: 15031283 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m401086200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A common polymorphism in the human gene for catechol-O-methyltransferase results in replacement of Val-108 by Met in the soluble form of the protein (s-COMT) and has been linked to breast cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders. The 108M and 108V variants are reported to differ in their thermal stability, with 108M COMT losing catalytic activity more rapidly. Because human s-COMT contains seven cysteine residues and includes CXXC and CXXS motifs that are associated with thiol-disulfide redox reactions, we examined the effects of reducing and oxidizing conditions on the enzyme. In the absence of a reductant 108M s-COMT lost activity more rapidly than 108V, whereas in the presence of 4 mm dithiothreitol (DTT) we found no significant differences in the stability of the two variants at 37 degrees C. DTT also restored most of the activity that was lost upon incubation at 37 degrees C in the absence of DTT. Mass spectrometry showed that cysteines 188 and 191 formed an intramolecular disulfide bond when s-COMT was incubated with oxidized glutathione, whereas cysteines 69, 95, 157, and 173 formed protein-glutathione adducts. Replacing Cys-95 by serine protected 108M s-COMT against inactivation in the absence of a reductant; C33S and Cys-188 mutations had little effect, and C69S was destabilizing. The sequences surrounding the reactive cysteine residues of human s-COMT and other proteins that form glutathione adducts at identified sites all include Pro and/or Gly and most include a hydrogen-bonding residue, suggesting that glutathiolation at conserved sites plays a physiologically important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J H Cotton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, USA
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Shield AJ, Thomae BA, Eckloff BW, Wieben ED, Weinshilboum RM. Human catechol O-methyltransferase genetic variation: gene resequencing and functional characterization of variant allozymes. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9:151-60. [PMID: 14966473 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays an important role in the metabolism of catecholamines, catecholestrogens and catechol drugs. A common COMT G472A genetic polymorphism (Val108/158Met) that was identified previously is associated with decreased levels of enzyme activity and has been implicated as a possible risk factor for neuropsychiatric disease. We set out to 'resequence' the human COMT gene using DNA samples from 60 African-American and 60 Caucasian-American subjects. A total of 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including a novel nonsynonymous cSNP present only in DNA from African-American subjects, and one insertion/deletion were observed. The wild type (WT) and two variant allozymes, Thr52 and Met108, were transiently expressed in COS-1 and HEK293 cells. There was no significant change in level of COMT activity for the Thr52 variant allozyme, but there was a 40% decrease in the level of activity in cells transfected with the Met108 construct. Apparent K(m) values of the WT and variant allozymes for the two reaction cosubstrates differed slightly, but significantly, for 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid but not for S-adenosyl-L-methionine. The Met108 allozyme displayed a 70-90% decrease in immunoreactive protein when compared with WT, but there was no significant change in the level of immunoreactive protein for Thr52. A significant decrease in the level of immunoreactive protein was also observed in hepatic biopsy samples from patients homozygous for the allele encoding Met108. These observations represent steps toward an understanding of molecular genetic mechanisms responsible for variation in COMT level and/or properties, variation that may contribute to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Shield
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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