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Behroozi Z, Jafarpour M, Razmgir M, Saffarpour S, Azizi H, Kheirandish A, Kosari-Rad T, Ramezni F, Janzadeh A. The effect of gabapentin and pregabalin administration on memory in clinical and preclinical studies: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:262. [PMID: 37069609 PMCID: PMC10111701 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, gabapentinoids such as Gabapentin (GBP) and pregabalin (PGB) are widely used as painkillers. This may alter the function of the nervous system; hence their results may include a difference in memory and processes that end in memory formation. This study aims to conclude whether gabapentinoids can alter memory or not by reviewing and analyzing clinical and preclinical studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive search was carried out in databases including PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. In the included studies, memory was measured as an outcome variable in clinical or preclinical studies. RESULT A total of 21 articles (4 clinical, 17 preclinical) were included in the meta-analysis by STATA Software. The results showed that memory changes under the influence of GBP. Both the administrated dosage and the time of administration are important in the final results and latency time of retention. GBP administration in healthy animals increased latency time, whereas if the administration of GBP took place exactly before training, the latency time increased slightly. Short-term administration of PGB in healthy volunteers is accompanied by transient side effects on the CNS. However, the number and homogeneity of the studies were not such that a meta-analysis could be performed on them. CONCLUSION Clinical and preclinical studies showed that PGB administration did not confirm its improving memory effect. GBP administration in healthy animals increased latency time and improved memory. Although it depended on the time of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Behroozi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maral Jafarpour
- The International Campus of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Razmgir
- Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Saffarpour
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-E-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Azizi
- Medical University of Pécs Hungary, Pécs, Hungary
- BG Unfall Klinik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ali Kheirandish
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Kosari-Rad
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezni
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atousa Janzadeh
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Burton M, Conway R, Mishkin N, Mama K, Knych H, Kendall L, Sadar MJ. Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin after single, oral administration in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Hauser H. Animal Behavior Case of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:871-875. [PMID: 35263278 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.01.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kruszka M, Graff E, Medam T, Masson S. Clinical evaluation of the effects of a single oral dose of gabapentin on fear-based aggressive behaviors in cats during veterinary examinations. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1285-1291. [PMID: 34727056 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.06.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a single oral dose of gabapentin on fear-based aggressive behaviors (FABs) in cats during veterinary examinations. ANIMALS 55 healthy pet cats (26 with and 29 without a history of FAB during veterinary visits [FAB and untreated control groups, respectively]). PROCEDURES A standardized 9-step clinical examination protocol (with patient compliance scored from 0 to 9 according to the highest completed step) was tested on untreated control group cats. The protocol was then used in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover-design trial in which FAB-group cats received owner-administered gabapentin (100 or 200 mg/cat) or placebo capsules 2 hours before the first of 2 veterinary visits and received the alternate treatment before the second visit ≥ 1 day later. Ease of administration (scored from 1 [very difficult] to 4 [very easy]) and adverse effects were recorded. Compliance scores were compared between treatments for the FAB group and between FAB and untreated control groups. Changes in scores between treatments for the FAB group were used to investigate associations between selected variables and the outcome of interest. RESULTS FAB group compliance scores after gabapentin administration (median, 9; range, 0 to 9) were significantly higher than scores after placebo administration (median 0.5; range, 0 to 7) and did not differ from scores for the untreated control group. Owner scores indicated capsule administration was easy. Adverse effects (most commonly drowsiness, myorelaxation, and ataxia) resolved ≤ 10 hours after detection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested oral administration of gabapentin to cats 2 hours before a veterinary visit can reduce FAB during physical examination, enabling more complete evaluation.
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Mirogabalin prevents repeated restraint stress-induced dysfunction in mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112506. [PMID: 31982462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gabapentinoids, which are the common analgesics, are also thought to be an effective treatment for anxiety disorder, which is one of several psychiatric disorders triggered and exacerbated by stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether mirogabalin, a recently launched gabapentinoid, protects multiple brain functions against repeated restraint stress. Adult male ddY mice were restrained for 7 days (repeated restraint stress: 2 h/day) or for 30 min (single restraint stress). Mirogabalin (intraperitoneal, intracerebroventricular or intrahippocampal injection) was administered prior to the restraint stress. Y-maze, elevated-plus maze and c-Fos immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate learning function, anxiety levels and hippocampal neuronal activities, respectively, after the 7th day of the repeated restraint stress. Intestinal function was evaluated in terms of defecation, which was scored after the 5th day of repeated restraint stress and by the number of fecal pellets excreted after a single session of restraint stress. Repeated restraint stress induced memory dysfunction, anxiety-like behavior, an abnormal defecation score and increased hippocampal c-Fos expression. These changes were prevented by systemic administration of mirogabalin. Abnormal defecation was also induced by single restraint stress, and was inhibited by both systemic and central administration of mirogabalin, suggesting that the effect on the intestinal function was also mediated via the central nervous system. Enhancement of c-Fos expression by repeated stress was decreased by intrahippocampal injection of mirogabalin. Together, these observations suggest that mirogabalin protects multiple brain functions from repeated stress, which may be mediated by inhibition of hippocampal neuron hyperactivation.
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Johnson BA, Aarnes TK, Wanstrath AW, Ricco Pereira CH, Bednarski RM, Lerche P, McLoughlin MA. Effect of oral administration of gabapentin on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:1007-1009. [PMID: 31644338 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.11.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of oral administration of gabapentin (20 mg/kg) on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult dogs (3 males and 3 females with a mean ± SD body weight of 24.8 ± 1.3 kg). PROCEDURES Each dog was anesthetized twice. Dogs were initially assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (gabapentin [20 mg/kg, PO] followed 2 hours later by anesthesia maintained with isoflurane or anesthesia maintained with isoflurane alone). A minimum of 7 days later, dogs received the other treatment. The MAC of isoflurane was determined by use of an iterative bracketing technique with stimulating electrodes placed in the maxillary buccal mucosa. Hemodynamic variables and vital parameters were recorded at the lowest end-tidal isoflurane concentration at which dogs did not respond to the stimulus. Effect of treatment on outcome variables was analyzed by use of a paired t test. RESULTS Mean ± SD MAC of isoflurane was significantly lower when dogs received gabapentin and isoflurane (0.71 ± 0.12%) than when dogs received isoflurane alone (0.91 ± 0.26%). Mean reduction in MAC of isoflurane was 20 ± 14%. Hemodynamic variables did not differ significantly between treatments. Mean time to extubation was significantly less when dogs received gabapentin and isoflurane (6 ± 4 minutes) than when dogs received isoflurane alone (23 ± 15 minutes). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral administration of gabapentin 2 hours before anesthesia maintained with isoflurane had a MAC-sparing effect with no effect on hemodynamic variables or vital parameters of dogs.
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van Haaften KA, Forsythe LRE, Stelow EA, Bain MJ. Effects of a single preappointment dose of gabapentin on signs of stress in cats during transportation and veterinary examination. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:1175-1181. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.10.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Concordance and incongruence in preclinical anxiety models: Systematic review and meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:504-529. [PMID: 27328783 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rodent defense behavior assays have been widely used as preclinical models of anxiety to study possibly therapeutic anxiety-reducing interventions. However, some proposed anxiety-modulating factors - genes, drugs and stressors - have had discordant effects across different studies. To reconcile the effect sizes of purported anxiety factors, we conducted systematic review and meta-analyses of the literature on ten anxiety-linked interventions, as examined in the elevated plus maze, open field and light-dark box assays. Diazepam, 5-HT1A receptor gene knockout and overexpression, SERT gene knockout and overexpression, pain, restraint, social isolation, corticotropin-releasing hormone and Crhr1 were selected for review. Eight interventions had statistically significant effects on rodent anxiety, while Htr1a overexpression and Crh knockout did not. Evidence for publication bias was found in the diazepam, Htt knockout, and social isolation literatures. The Htr1a and Crhr1 results indicate a disconnect between preclinical science and clinical research. Furthermore, the meta-analytic data confirmed that genetic SERT anxiety effects were paradoxical in the context of the clinical use of SERT inhibitors to reduce anxiety.
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Jayarajan P, Nirogi R, Shinde A, Goura V, Babu VA, Yathavakilla S, Bhyrapuneni G. 5-HT6 receptor antagonist attenuates the memory deficits associated with neuropathic pain and improves the efficacy of gabapentinoids. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:934-42. [PMID: 26398388 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory deficit is a co-morbid disorder in patients suffering from neuropathic pain. Gabapentin and pregabalin (gabapentinoids) are among the widely prescribed medications for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Memory loss and sedation are the commonly reported side effects with gabapentinoids. Improving the cognitive functions and attenuating drug-induced side effects may play a crucial role in the management of pain. METHODS We evaluated the effects of 5-HT6 receptor antagonists on the memory deficits associated with neuropathy. We also studied the effects of 5-HT6 receptor antagonists on the side effects, and the analgesic effects of gabapentinoids. RESULTS 5-HT6 receptor antagonists attenuated the cognitive deficits in neuropathic rats. Neuropathic rats co-treated with 5-HT6 receptor antagonist and gabapentinoids showed improvement in memory. 5-HT6 receptor antagonists enhanced the analgesic effects of gabapentinoids but had no effect on the motor side effects. The observed effects may not be due to pharmacokinetic interactions. CONCLUSIONS 5-HT6 receptor antagonist attenuate the cognitive deficits associated with neuropathy, and this effect is also seen when co-treated with gabapentinoids. Since, 5-HT6 antagonists improved the effectiveness of gabapentinoids, reduction in the dosage and frequency of gabapentinoids treatment may reduce the side effects. Combining 5-HT6 receptor antagonist with gabapentinoids may offer a novel treatment strategy for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Jayarajan
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Hyderabad - 500 055, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, India
| | - Ramakrishna Nirogi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Hyderabad - 500 055, India.
| | - Anil Shinde
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Hyderabad - 500 055, India
| | - Venkatesh Goura
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Hyderabad - 500 055, India
| | - Vuyyuru Arun Babu
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Hyderabad - 500 055, India
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Effects of single and combined gabapentin use in elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2014; 26:307-14. [PMID: 25076169 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gabapentin, a third-generation antiepileptic drug, is a structural analogue of γ-aminobutyric acid, which is an important mediator of central nervous system. There is clinical data indicating its effectiveness in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects and mechanisms of gabapentin in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Female Spraque-Dawley rats weighing 250±20 g were used. A total of 13 groups were formed, each containing 8 rats: gabapentin (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg), amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), sertraline (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg), ketamine (10 mg/kg), gabapentin 20 mg/kg was also combined with amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), sertraline (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). All the drugs were used intraperitoneally as single dose. Saline was administered to the control group. Elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests were used as experimental models of anxiety and depression, respectively. RESULTS It was observed that gabapentin showed an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effect in all doses in rats. Its antidepressant effect was found to be the same as the antidepressant effects of amitriptyline and sertraline. There was no change in the antidepressant effect when gabapentin was combined with amitriptyline and ketamine, but there was an increase when combined with sertraline and diazepam. Gabapentin and amitriptyline showed similar anxiolytic effect, whereas ketamine and diazepam had more potent anxiolytic effect compared with them. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that gabapentin may possess antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects.
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Kavitha J, Parida S, Kundra P, Srinivasan R. Oral gabapentin premedication for elderly patients undergoing intraocular surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 97:900-4. [PMID: 23620421 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare effects of gabapentin premedication with diazepam in patients undergoing cataract surgery. METHODS In a randomised double-blind study, the effects of gabapentin premedication as a sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic and oculohypotensive agent were studied in 56 elderly patients undergoing elective intraocular surgery. RESULTS There was significantly more sedation in the diazepam group than in the gabapentin group. However, there was less subjective anxiety in the gabapentin group than in the control group. There was a significant fall in intraocular pressure (IOP) and significant reduction in mean arterial pressure in the gabapentin group compared with the control group. Perioperatively, significantly more supplementation with intravenous midazolam was given in the control group than in the gabapentin group. A significantly larger number of patients in the gabapentin group scored a postanaesthesia recovery score of 10 compared with the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in the postoperative visual analogue scale scores for pain and number of analgesic requests with gabapentin scoring over diazepam in this regard. CONCLUSIONS Hence, premedication with oral gabapentin in these elderly patients undergoing elective intraocular surgery produced intraoperative anxiolysis, decreased sedation, a modest decrease in IOPs and improved postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kavitha
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, JIPMER, Dhanvantari Nagar, Puducherry, India
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Adam F, Bordenave L, Sessler D, Chauvin M. Effects of a single 1200-mg preoperative dose of gabapentin on anxiety and memory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 31:e223-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lotarski SM, Donevan S, El-Kattan A, Osgood S, Poe J, Taylor CP, Offord J. Anxiolytic-Like Activity of Pregabalin in the Vogel Conflict Test in α2δ-1 (R217A) and α2δ-2 (R279A) Mouse Mutants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:615-21. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.180976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Blakemore DC, Bryans JS, Carnell P, Field MJ, Kinsella N, Kinsora JK, Meltzer LT, Osborne SA, Thompson LR, Williams SC. Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of 3,4-disubstituted gababutins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:248-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Blakemore DC, Bryans JS, Carnell P, Chessum NEA, Field MJ, Kinsella N, Kinsora JK, Osborne SA, Williams SC. Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of 3-substituted gababutins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:362-5. [PMID: 19897364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A range of 3-alkylated five-membered ring derivatives of Gabapentin were synthesized and several were found to have good levels of potency against the alpha2delta calcium subunit of a voltage-gated calcium channel. Two compounds were profiled in in vivo models of pain and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Blakemore
- Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ, UK.
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Foreman MM, Hanania T, Eller M. Anxiolytic effects of lamotrigine and JZP-4 in the elevated plus maze and in the four plate conflict test. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 602:316-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Does gabapentin lead to early symptom improvement in obsessive-compulsive disorder? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008; 258:319-23. [PMID: 18297416 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-007-0798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare efficacy of fluoxetine alone and co-administration of gabapentin and fluoxetine in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS Forty outpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD were randomized to open label treatment, 20 of whom were treated with fluoxetine alone and the remaining 20 with fluoxetine plus gabapentin during 8 weeks. The severity was assessed by Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). RESULTS Final CGI-I and Y-BOCS scores were not significantly different in both groups. However, in repeated measures ANOVA, compared to fluoxetine group, we found significantly a better improvement in the fluoxetine plus gabapentin group at week 2 by means of YBOCS and CGI-I scores. Comparisons on weeks 4, 6 and 8 revealed no statistical differences between the groups. There was no significant difference of adverse effects between two groups. CONCLUSIONS Adding gabapentin to fluoxetine in the treatment of OCD seems to shorten the time to onset of fluoxetine's anti-obsessive effect without a significant increase in adverse effects. In order to accelerate the clinical response, co-administration of fluoxetine and gabapentin may be a preferable strategy. On the other hand, further controlled studies are needed to support this finding.
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Roeska K, Doods H, Arndt K, Treede RD, Ceci A. Anxiety-like behaviour in rats with mononeuropathy is reduced by the analgesic drugs morphine and gabapentin. Pain 2008; 139:349-357. [PMID: 18565660 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety has been described as an important comorbidity in patients suffering from chronic pain. However, in animals the connection between persistent pain and anxiety has hardly been investigated. Therefore, in the current study it was assessed whether chronic pain also causes anxiety-like behaviour in animals and if it can be reversed by analgesic or anxiolytic drugs. Neuropathic pain was induced in rats by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PNL) and chronic constriction injury (CCI). Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed by the "electronic algometer", while anxiety-like behaviour was measured by using the elevated plus maze. In both neuropathic pain models, rats exhibited mechanical hypersensitivity, whereas a significant increase in anxiety-like behaviour was observed only in CCI rats (time spent in open arms decreased significantly from 99+/-15.8s in sham animals to 33.4+/-7.5s in CCI animals). Furthermore, midazolam (0.5mg/kg; i.p.) significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviour in both sham- and CCI-operated animals without influencing mechanical hypersensitivity. Morphine (3mg/kg; i.p.) and gabapentin (30 mg/kg; i.p.) significantly attenuated anxiety-like behaviour in the CCI lesioned rats: morphine increased entries into open arms from 3.0+/-0.4 to 7.7+/-1.4 (P=0.01), gabapentin elevated this value from 4.7+/-1 to 7.5+/-0.9 (P=0.02). These data suggest that rats subjected to neuropathic pain models develop anxiety-like behaviour which can be reversed by appropriate analgesic treatment. Morphine and gabapentin had no anxiolytic-like effect in sham treated animals, thus their effect on anxiety-like behaviour in the neuropathic pain model is likely indirect via their anti-nociceptive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Roeska
- Department of CNS Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Edwards P. Combinatorial chemistry improves molecular options over pre-existing leads. Drug Discov Today 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kalueff AV. Neurobiology of memory and anxiety: from genes to behavior. Neural Plast 2007; 2007:78171. [PMID: 17502911 PMCID: PMC1847471 DOI: 10.1155/2007/78171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction of anxiety and memory represents an essential feature of CNS functioning. This paper reviews experimental data coming from neurogenetics, neurochemistry, and behavioral pharmacology (as well as parallel clinical findings) reflecting different mechanisms of memory-anxiety interplay, including brain neurochemistry, circuitry, pharmacology, neuroplasticity, genes, and gene-environment interactions. It emphasizes the complexity and nonlinearity of such interplay, illustrated by a survey of anxiety and learning/memory phenotypes in various genetically modified mouse models that exhibit either synergistic or reciprocal effects of the mutation on anxiety levels and memory performance. The paper also assesses the putative role of different neurotransmitter systems and neuropeptides in the regulation of memory processes and anxiety, and discusses the role of neural plasticity in these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan V Kalueff
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health , Bethesda, MD 20892-1264, USA.
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Hasnie FS, Breuer J, Parker S, Wallace V, Blackbeard J, Lever I, Kinchington PR, Dickenson AH, Pheby T, Rice ASC. Further characterization of a rat model of varicella zoster virus-associated pain: Relationship between mechanical hypersensitivity and anxiety-related behavior, and the influence of analgesic drugs. Neuroscience 2006; 144:1495-508. [PMID: 17197105 PMCID: PMC2394505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Persistent herpes zoster-associated pain is a significant clinical problem and an area of largely unmet therapeutic need. Progress in elucidating the underlying pathophysiology of zoster-associated pain and related co-morbidity behavior, in addition to appropriately targeted drug development has been hindered by the lack of an appropriate animal model. This study further characterizes a recently developed rat model of zoster-associated hypersensitivity and investigates (a) response to different viral strains; (b) relationship between viral inoculum concentration ('dose') and mechanical hypersensitivity ('response'); (c) attenuation of virus-associated mechanical hypersensitivity by clinically useful analgesic drugs; and (d) measurement of pain co-morbidity (anxiety-like behavior) and pharmacological intervention in the open field paradigm (in parallel with models of traumatic peripheral nerve injury). Varicella zoster virus was propagated on fibroblast cells before s.c. injection into the glabrous footpad of the left hind limb of adult male Wistar rats. Control animals received injection of uninfected fibroblast cells. Hind-limb reflex withdrawal thresholds to mechanical, noxious thermal and cooling stimuli were recorded at specified intervals post-infection. Infection with all viral strains was associated with a dose-dependent mechanical hypersensitivity but not a thermal or cool hypersensitivity. Systemic treatment with i.p. morphine (2.5 mg/kg), amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), gabapentin (30 mg/kg), (S)-(+)-ibuprofen (20 mg/kg) and the cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 (2 mg/kg) but not the antiviral, acyclovir (50 mg/kg), was associated with a reversal of mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds. In the open field paradigm, virus-infected and nerve-injured animals demonstrated an anxiety-like pattern of ambulation (reduced entry into the central area of the open arena) which was positively correlated with mechanical hypersensitivity. This may reflect pain-related co-morbidity. Further, anxiety-like behavior was attenuated by acute i.p. administration of gabapentin (30 mg/kg) in nerve-injured, but not virus-infected animals. This model will prove useful in elucidating the pathophysiology of zoster-associated pain and provide a tool for pre-clinical screening of analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Hasnie
- Pain Research Group, Department of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
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Chen C, Stearns B, Hu T, Anker N, Santini A, Arruda JM, Campbell BT, Datta P, Aiyar J, Munoz B. Expedited SAR study of high-affinity ligands to the α2δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels: Generation of a focused library using a solution-phase Sn2Ar coupling methodology. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:746-9. [PMID: 16321528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Revised: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The SAR of the lead compound 3, a novel ligand for the alpha(2)delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, was rapidly explored. Utilizing a parallel solution-phase Sn2Ar coupling approach, a focused library was obtained. The library was evaluated in vitro and afforded a series of analogues with improved potencies. The SAR trends of the library are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chixu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, MRLSDB2, 3535 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Ménigaux C, Adam F, Guignard B, Sessler DI, Chauvin M. Preoperative gabapentin decreases anxiety and improves early functional recovery from knee surgery. Anesth Analg 2005; 100:1394-1399. [PMID: 15845693 PMCID: PMC1351382 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000152010.74739.b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gabapentin has antihyperalgesic and anxiolytic properties. We thus tested the hypothesis that premedication with gabapentin would decrease preoperative anxiety and improve postoperative analgesia and early postoperative knee mobilization in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair under general anesthesia. Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive 1200 mg oral gabapentin or placebo 1-2 h before surgery; anesthesia was standardized. Patients received morphine, 0.1 mg/kg, 30 min before the end of surgery and postoperatively via a patient-controlled pump. Pain scores and morphine consumption were recorded over 48 h. Degrees of active and passive knee flexion and extension were recorded during physiotherapy on days 1 and 2. Preoperative anxiety scores were less in the gabapentin than control group (visual analog scale scores of 28 +/- 16 mm versus 66 +/- 15 mm, respectively; P < 0.001). The gabapentin group required less morphine than the control group (29 +/- 22 mg versus 69 +/- 40 mg, respectively; P < 0.001). Visual analog scale pain scores at rest and after mobilization were significantly reduced in the gabapentin group. First and maximal passive and active knee flexions at 24 and 48 h were significantly more extensive in the gabapentin than in the control group. In conclusion, premedication with 1200 mg gabapentin improved preoperative anxiolysis, postoperative analgesia, and early knee mobilization after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ménigaux
- Staff Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Adam
- Staff Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Bruno Guignard
- Staff Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Daniel I. Sessler
- Vice Dean for Research and Associate Vice President for Health Affairs; Director Outcomes Research™ Institute; and Interim Chair and Lolita & Samuel Weakley Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology, University of Louisville
| | - Marcel Chauvin
- Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesia and INSERM E 332, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
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Stearns BA, Anker N, Arruda JM, Campbell BT, Chen C, Cramer M, Hu T, Jiang X, Park K, Ren KK, Sablad M, Santini A, Schaffhauser H, Urban MO, Munoz B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-aryl-6 H -pyrrolo[3,4- d ]pyridazine derivatives: high-affinity ligands to the α 2 δ subunit of voltage gated calcium channels. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1295-8. [PMID: 14980685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2003] [Revised: 12/04/2003] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of 6-aryl-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazine ligands for the alpha2delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels has been described. Substitutions in the aryl ring of the molecule were generally not tolerated, and resulted in diminished binding to the alpha2delta subunit. Modifications to the pyridazine ring revealed numerous permissive substitutions, and detailed SAR studies were carried out in this portion of the molecule. Replacement of the pyridazine ring methyl group with an aminomethyl functionality provided greatly improved potency over the initial lead. The initial lead compound displayed good rat pharmacokinetic properties, and was shown to be efficacious in the Chung model for neuropathic pain in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Stearns
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, MRLSDB2, 3535 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Cherek DR, Tcheremissine OV, Lane SD, Pietras CJ. Acute effects of gabapentin on laboratory measures of aggressive and escape responses of adult parolees with and without a history of conduct disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004; 171:405-12. [PMID: 13680071 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-003-1590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2003] [Accepted: 07/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The possible role of GABA in human aggression was evaluated by administering gabapentin to subjects with and without a history of conduct disorder and comparing the effects on laboratory measures of aggression and escape. METHODS Eighteen male and two female subjects with a history of criminal behavior participated in experimental sessions, which measured aggressive and escape responses. Ten subjects had a history of childhood conduct disorder (CD+) and ten subjects with no history (non-CD controls). Aggression was measured using the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP), which provided subjects aggressive, escape and monetary reinforced response options. RESULTS Acute doses (200, 400 and 800 mg) of gabapentin had similar effects on aggressive responses among CD+ subjects compared to non-CD control subjects. Aggressive responses of CD+ and non-CD control subjects increased at lower gabapentin doses, and decreased at the highest 800 mg gabapentin dose. Gabapentin increased escape responses for both CD+ and non-CD controls CD- subjects at the lowest dose, but then produced dose-related decreases at the two higher doses in both groups. No changes in monetary reinforced responses were observed, indicative of no CNS stimulation or sedation. CONCLUSIONS Gabapentin produced similar bitonic effects upon aggressive and escape responses in subjects with and without a history of childhood conduct disorder. This is in marked contrast to prior differential effects of baclofen on aggressive responses between CD+ and non-CD control subjects in a previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don R Cherek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, 1300 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030-3497, USA.
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de-Paris F, Sant'Anna MK, Vianna MRM, Barichello T, Busnello JV, Kapczinski F, Quevedo J, Izquierdo I. Effects of gabapentin on anxiety induced by simulated public speaking. J Psychopharmacol 2003; 17:184-8. [PMID: 12870565 DOI: 10.1177/0269881103017002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of gabapentin, 400 mg and 800 mg, on anxiety induced by simulated public speaking (SPS) were investigated. Thirty-two normal male volunteers (aged 17-30 years) had their anxiety and mood evaluated by self-scales [Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS) and Profile of Mood State (POMS)] during the SPS procedure. Physiological measures (heart rate and blood pressure) were taken. Treatment with gabapentin at 800 mg attenuated the anxiety of subjects that had a decrease on the VAMS item calm-excite. In addition, volunteers that received gabapentin at 400 mg and 800 mg showed a decrease in the hostility score in POMS. Our results suggest, in agreement with other studies, an anxiolytic potential to gabapentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de-Paris
- Centro de Memória, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Lamberty Y, Falter U, Gower AJ, Klitgaard H. Anxiolytic profile of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam in the Vogel conflict test in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 469:97-102. [PMID: 12782190 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The novel antiepileptic drug levetiracetam has been shown to reverse anxiogenic effects of benzodiazepine withdrawal in mice tested in an elevated plus-maze without altering the behaviour of normal mice in this model. This could suggest that the effect of levetiracetam is dependent upon the level of stress/anxiety of the animals. Levetiracetam was therefore further examined in another widely used animal model of anxiety, the Vogel conflict test. In the first experiment, water-deprived rats were submitted to a free drinking period (habituation) in a chamber equipped with a bottle of water. Twenty-four hours later, animals were returned to the same chamber but the licks to the water bottle were then punished with a foot shock (0.5 mA, 90 ms). In the second experiment, the procedure was modified by administering a foot shock at the end of the habituation period in order to induce a state of stress/anxiety (conditioned fear/ anticipatory anxiety) for subsequent testing. Levetiracetam (17 and 54 mg/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) were administered via the intraperitoneal route. The results indicated that in the first experiment only chlordiazepoxide showed a statistically significant anxiolytic effect. In contrast, in the second experiment, where the shock was given at the end of the habituation period, levetiracetam (54 mg/kg) revealed significant anxiolytic activity similar to chlordiazepoxide. This suggests that levetiracetam may have potential anxiolytic effects and may provide therapeutic benefits to individual with anxiety spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lamberty
- UCB S.A. Pharma Sector, Preclinical CNS Research, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium.
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Vermetten E, Bremner JD. Circuits and systems in stress. II. Applications to neurobiology and treatment in posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety 2002; 16:14-38. [PMID: 12203669 DOI: 10.1002/da.10017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper follows the preclinical work on the effects of stress on neurobiological and neuroendocrine systems and provides a comprehensive working model for understanding the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Studies of the neurobiology of PTSD in clinical populations are reviewed. Specific brain areas that play an important role in a variety of types of memory are also preferentially affected by stress, including hippocampus, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and cingulate. This review indicates the involvement of these brain systems in the stress response, and in learning and memory. Affected systems in the neural circuitry of PTSD are reviewed (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis), catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems, endogenous benzodiazepines, neuropeptides, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT-axis), and neuro-immunological alterations) as well as changes found with structural and functional neuroimaging methods. Converging evidence has emphasized the role of early-life trauma in the development of PTSD and other trauma-related disorders. Current and new targets for systems that play a role in the neural circuitry of PTSD are discussed. This material provides a basis for understanding the psychopathology of stress-related disorders, in particular PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vermetten
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, USA.
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Malt UF. The basis for the use of antiepileptic drugs in psychiatric disorders. Acta Neurol Scand 2002. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2000.00202-22.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Andreatini R, Boerngen-Lacerda R, Zorzetto Filho D. Tratamento farmacológico do transtorno de ansiedade generalizada: perspectivas futuras. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462001000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
O presente artigo apresenta uma visão atualizada e ampla do tratamento farmacológico do transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG). São revistos os medicamentos com eficácia comprovada em estudos controlados e atualmente disponíveis na clínica (benzodiazepínicos, buspirona, antidepressivos, betabloqueadores, antipsicóticos e extrato de kava-kava). A seguir, baseados nesses dados, propõe-se um algoritmo de tratamento do TAG. São apresentadas as principais linhas de pesquisa de novos fármacos ansiolíticos, descrevendo os principais achados clínicos e pré-clínicos.
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