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Hoch CC, Knoedler L, Knoedler S, Bashiri Dezfouli A, Schmidl B, Trill A, Douglas JE, Adappa ND, Stögbauer F, Wollenberg B. Integrated Molecular and Histological Insights for Targeted Therapies in Mesenchymal Sinonasal Tract Tumors. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:272-291. [PMID: 38376625 PMCID: PMC10920452 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of mesenchymal sinonasal tract tumors (STTs), a distinct subset of STTs. Despite their rarity, mesenchymal STTs represent a unique clinical challenge, characterized by their rarity, often slow progression, and frequently subtle or overlooked symptoms. The complex anatomy of the sinonasal area, which includes critical structures such as the orbit, brain, and cranial nerves, further complicates surgical treatment options. This underscores an urgent need for more advanced and specialized therapeutic approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Advancements in molecular diagnostics, particularly in next-generation sequencing, have significantly enhanced our understanding of STTs. Consequently, the World Health Organization has updated its tumor classification to better reflect the distinct histological and molecular profiles of these tumors, as well as to categorize mesenchymal STTs with greater accuracy. The growing understanding of the molecular characteristics of mesenchymal STTs opens new possibilities for targeted therapeutic interventions, marking a significant shift in treatment paradigms. This review article concentrates on mesenchymal STTs, specifically addressing sinonasal tract angiofibroma, sinonasal glomangiopericytoma, biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma, and skull base chordoma. These entities are marked by unique histopathological and molecular features, which challenge conventional treatment approaches and simultaneously open avenues for novel targeted therapies. Our discussion is geared towards delineating the molecular underpinnings of mesenchymal STTs, with the objective of enhancing therapeutic strategies and addressing the existing shortcomings in the management of these intricate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima C Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schmidl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Anskar Trill
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Douglas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabian Stögbauer
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Upreti G, Thomas R, Milton S, Sundaresan R. Bilateral juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with hepatoblastoma and horseshoe kidney: Implication of common molecular signaling? Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:96-99. [PMID: 35689607 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Upreti
- Skull Base Surgery Unit Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Regi Thomas
- Skull Base Surgery Unit Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharon Milton
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajan Sundaresan
- Skull Base Surgery Unit Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Master Regulators of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and WNT Signaling Pathways in Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091258. [PMID: 34572445 PMCID: PMC8469518 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare fibrovascular benign tumor showing an invasive growth pattern and affecting mainly male adolescents. We investigated the role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and WNT signaling pathways in JNA. Gene expression profiles using nine JNA paired with four inferior nasal turbinate samples were interrogated using a customized 2.3K microarray platform containing genes mainly involved in EMT and WNT/PI3K pathways. The expression of selected genes (BCL2, CAV1, CD74, COL4A2, FZD7, ING1, LAMB1, and RAC2) and proteins (BCL2, CAV1, CD74, FZD7, RAF1, WNT5A, and WNT5B) was investigated by RT-qPCR (28 cases) and immunohistochemistry (40 cases), respectively. Among 104 differentially expressed genes, we found a significantly increased expression of COL4A2 and LAMB1 and a decreased expression of BCL2 and RAC2 by RT-qPCR. The immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a low expression of BCL2 and a negative to moderate expression of FZD7 in most samples, while increased CAV1 and RAF1 expression were detected. Moderate to strong CD74 protein expression was observed in endothelial and inflammatory cells. A significant number of JNAs (78%) presented reduced WNT5A and increased WNT5B expression. Overall, the transcript and protein profile indicated the involvement of EMT and WNT pathways in JNA. These candidates are promising druggable targets for treating JNA.
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Doody J, Adil EA, Trenor CC, Cunningham MJ. The Genetic and Molecular Determinants of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Systematic Review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019; 128:1061-1072. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489419850194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare vascular tumor of unknown etiology. Studies investigating the molecular and genetic determinants of JNA are limited by small sample size and inconsistent approaches. The purpose of this study is to examine all eligible JNA studies in aggregate, applying qualitative analysis to highlight areas of particular relevance, including potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Methods: The PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were screened with inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to all citations. Manuscripts investigating the genetic determinants, histopathogenesis, and heritability of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were included. Non-English studies, case reports, and articles focusing on clinical management without original data were excluded. Full text articles were obtained. A qualitative synthesis of data was performed. Results: A total of 59 articles met criteria for inclusion. These were divided into 6 categories based on the primary topic or target discussed, (1) steroid hormone receptors, (2) chromosomal abnormalities, (3) growth factors, (4) genetic targets, (5) molecular targets, (6) Wnt cell signaling, and (7) studies that overlapped multiple of the aforementioned categories. Although relatively low n values prevent definitive conclusions to be drawn, a predominance of certain molecular targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway intermediaries is apparent. Conclusions: Although the etiology of JNA remains elusive, contemporary molecular genetic investigation holds promise for risk stratification and could form the basis of a modernized staging system. A multicenter clinical registry and linked tissue bank would further promote the search for JNA specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Doody
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eelam A. Adil
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron C. Trenor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Vascular Anomalies Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J. Cunningham
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Li X, Cao Y, Gong X, Li H. Long noncoding RNAs in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10726-10740. [PMID: 27802187 PMCID: PMC5354695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) include a series of malignant tumors arising in epithelial tissues, typically oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, nasopharynx cancer and thyroid cancer. HNCs are important contributors to cancer incidence and mortality, leading to approximately 225,100 new patients and 77,500 deaths in China every year. Determination of the mechanisms of HNC carcinogenesis and progression is an urgent priority in HNC treatment. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs longer than 200 bps. lncRNAs have been reported to participate in a broad scope of biological processes, and lncRNA dysregulation leads to diverse human diseases, including cancer. In this review, we focus on lncRNAs that are dysregulated in HNCs, summarize the latest findings regarding the function and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in HNC carcinogenesis and progression, and discuss the clinical application of lncRNAs in HNC diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Li
- School of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Stomatology,ChanghaiHospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongbing Cao
- School of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Gong
- School of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- Department of Stomatology,ChanghaiHospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Song W, Sun Y, Lin J, Bi X. Current research on head and neck cancer-associated long noncoding RNAs. Oncotarget 2018; 9:1403-1425. [PMID: 29416703 PMCID: PMC5787447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are one of the ten leading cancers worldwide, including a range of malignant tumors arising from the upper neck. Due to the complex mechanisms of HNC and lack of effective biomarkers, the 5-year survival rate of HNC has been low and the mortality rate has been high in recent decades. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), noncoding RNAs longer than 200 bps, are a focus of current cancer research, closely related to tumor biology. LncRNAs have been revealed to be aberrantly expressed in various types of HNC, and the dysregulated lncRNAs participate in HNC progression and induce malignant behavior by modulating gene expression at diverse levels. This review will focus on the functions and molecular mechanisms of dysregulated lncRNAs in HNC tumorigenesis and progression, as well as their diagnostic, therapeutic or prognostic implications in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Bi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Variable expression of molecular markers in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2017; 131:752-759. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215117001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Molecular categorisation may explain the wide variation in the clinical characteristics of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.Methods:Variations in molecular markers in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in an Indian population were investigated and compared with global reports.Results:Variable molecular marker expression was demonstrated at the regional and global levels. A wide variation in molecular characteristics is evident. Molecular data have been reported for only 11 countries, indicating a clear geographical bias. Only 58 markers have been studied, and most are yet to be validated.Conclusion:Research into the molecular epidemiology of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is still in its infancy. Although the molecular variation is not well understood, data obtained so far have prompted important research questions. Hence, multicentre collaborative molecular studies are needed to establish the aetiopathogenesis and establish molecular surrogates for clinical characteristics.
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Pandey P, Mishra A, Tripathi AM, Verma V, Trivedi R, Singh HP, Kumar S, Patel B, Singh V, Pandey S, Pandey A, Mishra SC. Current molecular profile of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: First comprehensive study from India. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:E100-E106. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.26250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Pandey
- Biochemistry and Endocrinology Divisions; Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
| | - Anupam Mishra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Ashoak Mani Tripathi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Veerendra Verma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Biochemistry and Endocrinology Divisions; Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Brijesh Patel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Vinay Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Shivani Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Amita Pandey
- Department of Clinical Genetics; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
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El Tayebi HM, Abdelaziz AI. Epigenetic regulation of insulin-like growth factor axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2668-2677. [PMID: 26973407 PMCID: PMC4777991 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i9.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway is an important pathway in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, and the IGF network is clearly dysregulated in many cancers and developmental abnormalities. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), only a minority of patients are eligible for curative treatments, such as tumor resection or liver transplant. Unfortunately, there is a high recurrence of HCC after surgical tumor removal. Recent research efforts have focused on targeting IGF axis members in an attempt to find therapeutic options for many health problems. In this review, we shed lights on the regulation of members of the IGF axis, mainly by microRNAs in HCC. MicroRNAs in HCC attempt to halt the aberrant expression of the IGF network, and a single microRNA can have multiple downstream targets in one or more signaling pathways. Targeting microRNAs is a relatively new approach for identifying an efficient radical cure for HCC.
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Brahmkhatri VP, Prasanna C, Atreya HS. Insulin-like growth factor system in cancer: novel targeted therapies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:538019. [PMID: 25866791 PMCID: PMC4383470 DOI: 10.1155/2015/538019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are essential for growth and survival that suppress apoptosis and promote cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and metastatic activities in various cancers. The IGFs actions are mediated through the IGF-1 receptor that is involved in cell transformation induced by tumour. These effects depend on the bioavailability of IGFs, which is regulated by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). We describe here the role of the IGF system in cancer, proposing new strategies targeting this system. We have attempted to expand the general viewpoint on IGF-1R, its inhibitors, potential limitations of IGF-1R, antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and IGFBP actions. This review discusses the emerging view that blocking IGF via IGFBP is a better option than blocking IGF receptors. This can lead to the development of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chinmayi Prasanna
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Hanudatta S. Atreya
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Abstract
The majority of growth factor receptors are composed of extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (TK) domains. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation regulates many key processes including cell growth and survival. However, dysregulation of RTK has been found in a wide range of cancers, and it has been shown to correlate with the development and progression of numerous cancers. Therefore, RTK has become an attractive therapeutic target. One way to effectively block signaling from RTK is inhibition of its catalytic activity with small-molecule inhibitors. Low-molecular-weight TK inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib, targeting tumors with mutant c-Kit, and gefitinib, targeting non-small cell lung cancer with mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have received marketing approval in Japan. MET, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) are frequently genetically altered in advanced cancers. TKIs of these receptors have not yet appeared on the market, but many anticancer drug candidates are currently undergoing clinical trials. Most of these TKIs were designed to compete with ATP at the ATP-binding site within the TK domain. This review will focus on small-molecule TKIs targeting MET, FGFR, and IGF-IR and discuss the merits and demerits of two types of agents, i.e., those with only one or a few targets and those directed at multiple targets. Targeting agents specifically inhibiting the target kinase were previously searched for based on the hypothesis that a narrow target window might reduce unexpected side effects, but agents with multiple targets have been recently developed to overcome tumors resistant against a single-targeting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
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Itoh M, Tahimic CGT, Ide S, Otsuki A, Sasaoka T, Noguchi S, Oshimura M, Goto YI, Kurimasa A. Methyl CpG-binding protein isoform MeCP2_e2 is dispensable for Rett syndrome phenotypes but essential for embryo viability and placenta development. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13859-67. [PMID: 22375006 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.309864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MeCP2) mutations are implicated in Rett syndrome (RTT), one of the common causes of female mental retardation. Two MeCP2 isoforms have been reported: MeCP2_e2 (splicing of all four exons) and MeCP2_e1 (alternative splicing of exons 1, 3, and 4). Their relative expression levels vary among tissues, with MeCP2_e1 being more dominant in adult brain, whereas MeCP2_e2 is expressed more abundantly in placenta, liver, and skeletal muscle. In this study, we performed specific disruption of the MeCP2_e2-defining exon 2 using the Cre-loxP system and examined the consequences of selective loss of MeCP2_e2 function in vivo. We performed behavior evaluation, gene expression analysis, using RT-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR, and histological analysis. We demonstrate that selective deletion of MeCP2_e2 does not result in RTT-associated neurological phenotypes but confers a survival disadvantage to embryos carrying a MeCP2_e2 null allele of maternal origin. In addition, we reveal a specific requirement for MeCP2_e2 function in extraembryonic tissue, where selective loss of MeCP2_e2 results in placenta defects and up-regulation of peg-1, as determined by the parental origin of the mutant allele. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel role for MeCP2 in normal placenta development and illustrate how paternal X chromosome inactivation in extraembryonic tissues confers a survival disadvantage for carriers of a mutant maternal MeCP2_e2 allele. Moreover, our findings provide an explanation for the absence of reports on MeCP2_e2-specific exon 2 mutations in RTT. MeCP2_e2 mutations in humans may result in a phenotype that evades a diagnosis of RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan.
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Wendler O, Dlugaiczyk J, Birk S, Schick B. Anti-proliferative effect of glucocorticoids on mesenchymal cells in juvenile angiofibromas. Head Neck 2012; 34:1615-21. [PMID: 22290623 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) not only regulate metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms, but also are known to suppress tumor growth. Despite previous detection of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in juvenile angiofibromas, their distribution and function have not further been studied. METHODS Juvenile angiofibroma tissue (n = 30), nasal mucosa specimens (n = 10), subepithelial stroma of nasal mucosa (n = 20), and primary fibroblasts from juvenile angiofibroma (n = 6) and nasal mucosa samples (n = 6) were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining. The antiproliferative effect of GCs (dexamethasone, prednisolone, and hydrocortisone) in vitro was assessed using a bromdeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. RESULTS An upregulation of GR transcripts and protein was shown in juvenile angiofibroma tissue and primary mesenchymal cells compared to nasal mucosa. Application of GCs resulted in a significantly higher antiproliferative effect on juvenile angiofibroma versus nasal mucosa fibroblasts in vitro. CONCLUSION Expression of GRs and antiproliferative effects of GCs on juvenile angiofibroma fibroblasts offer novel options for the treatment of this unique fibrovascular tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Wendler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Garça MF, Yuca SA, Yuca K. Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2010. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/82897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Coutinho-Camillo CM, Brentani MM, Nagai MA. Genetic alterations in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. Head Neck 2008; 30:390-400. [PMID: 18228521 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare benign neoplasm of the nasopharynx that accounts for 0.5% of all head and neck tumors. Although histologically benign in appearance, JNAs are locally aggressive and destructive, spreading from the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, and orbit skull base with intracranial extension. The gender selectivity of JNA and the relatively young age at diagnosis suggest hormone-dependent development. Hormonal disorders have been reported in patients with JNA, and androgen and estrogen receptors have been identified in tumor tissue; however, a hormonal influence on JNA is controversial. Recent studies have attempted to further delineate the pathogenesis of JNA through analysis of genetic and molecular changes. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in JNA might improve prevention, prognosis, and treatment of this tumor. In this review, we discuss published studies addressing the possible molecular pathways that might be involved in the development of JNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia M Coutinho-Camillo
- Disciplina de Oncologia, Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental-24, Departamento de Radiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li Y, Meng G, Guo QN. Changes in genomic imprinting and gene expression associated with transformation in a model of human osteosarcoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2008; 84:234-9. [PMID: 18501891 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting, a heritable form of epigenetic information, is thought to play an important role in tumor progression. DNA methylation is a common mechanism of genomic imprinting. To evaluate the genome-wide effects of malignant transformation on osteosarcoma progression, we examined multiple biological properties, including DNA methylation, in human osteoblast hFOB1.19 cells (ATCC Catalog No. CRL-11372) transformed by treatment with carcinogenic agent N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, 1.0 microg/ml) and carcinogenic promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 200 ng/ml). We also examined global changes in expression of imprinted genes during transformation using microarray analysis. Ten imprinted genes, including H19, MKRN3, NDN, CDKN1C, PHLDA2, MEST, CD81, GRB10, SLC22A18, and SLC22A3 were aberrantly regulated in transformed cells, suggesting roles in tumorigenesis. Moreover, we analyzed the methylation state of the promoter regions of H19, PHLDA2, and SLC22A18 genes by bisulfite sequencing array and observed a correlation between upregulated expression of H19 and PHLDA2 genes and hypomethylation of their promoter regions, although this was not observed for SLC22A18. Our results suggest that changes in expression of imprinted genes caused by changes in methylation are involved, and are among the earliest events, in neoplastic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military University, Chongqing, China
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Samani AA, Yakar S, LeRoith D, Brodt P. The role of the IGF system in cancer growth and metastasis: overview and recent insights. Endocr Rev 2007; 28:20-47. [PMID: 16931767 DOI: 10.1210/er.2006-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 730] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling and functions are mediated through the activities of a complex molecular network of positive (e.g., type I IGF) and negative (e.g., the type II IGF receptor, IGF-IIR) effectors. Under normal physiological conditions, the balance between the expression and activities of these molecules is tightly controlled. Changes in this delicate balance (e.g., overexpression of one effector) may trigger a cascade of molecular events that can ultimately lead to malignancy. In recent years, evidence has been mounting that the IGF axis may be involved in human cancer progression and can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. Here we review old and more recent evidence on the role the IGF system in malignancy and highlight experimental and clinical studies that provide novel insights into the complex mechanisms that contribute to its oncogenic potential. Controversies arising from conflicting evidence on the relevance of IGF-IR and its ligands to human cancer are discussed. Our review highlights the importance of viewing the IGF axis as a complex multifactorial system and shows that changes in the expression levels of any one component of the axis, in a given malignancy, should be interpreted with caution and viewed in a wider context that takes into account the expression levels, state of activation, accessibility, and functionality of other interacting components. Because IGF targeting for anticancer therapy is rapidly becoming a clinical reality, an understanding of this complexity is timely because it is likely to have an impact on the design, mode of action, and clinical outcomes of newly developed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Samani
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, Room H6.25687, Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1
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Schick B, Wemmert S, Bechtel U, Nicolai P, Hofmann T, Golabek W, Urbschat S. Comprehensive genomic analysis identifiesMDM2 andAURKA as novel amplified genes in juvenile angiofibromas. Head Neck 2007; 29:479-87. [PMID: 17120309 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent beta-catenin mutations have been detected in juvenile angiofibromas, but the tumor pathogenesis remains unknown. METHODS Metaphase-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to identify chromosomal aberrations in 29 tumor specimens. Two tumors were investigated using genome DNA microarrays. RESULTS Three hundred eleven chromosomal gains and losses were detected by metaphase-CGH. Frequent chromosomal gains were detected at 4q, 6, 12, and X, while frequent chromosomal losses affected regions of chromosomes 8, 16, 17, 22, and Y. Genome DNA microarray analysis in 2 tumors of the series confirmed chromosomal aberrations, detected by metaphase-CGH, and indicated genes such as AURKA (20q13.2) not being recognized by metaphase-CGH. CONCLUSION Metaphase-CGH results confirmed numerous chromosomal aberrations in juvenile angiofibromas. The most frequent aberrations affected sex chromosomes. Further consensus regions of chromosomal aberrations were detected at 4q, 6, 8, 12, 16, 17, and 22. AURKA and MDM2 were identified as interesting novel amplified genes in juvenile angiofibromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Schick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Waldstrasse 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Schick B, Wemmert S, Jung V, Steudel WI, Montenarh M, Urbschat S. Genetic heterogeneity of the MYC oncogene in advanced juvenile angiofibromas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 164:25-31. [PMID: 16364759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite their benign histological appearance, juvenile angiofibromas sometimes exhibit an aggressive growth behavior. Molecular and genetic analyses have detected beta-catenin mutations and androgen receptor gene gains in this tumor. Because intensive cross-talk among beta-catenin, androgen receptor, and C-MYC has been detected recently, we analyzed expression of the C-MYC protooncogene (MYC) on the genetic, transcriptional and translational level in seven sporadic juvenile angiofibromas. Two-color in situ hybridization analyses for chromosome 8 and MYC found in all seven juvenile angiofibromas significant MYC losses. In the three advanced juvenile angiofibromas of this series (Fisch stages III and IV) additional significant MYC gains were observed demonstrating a genetic heterogeneity for the MYC protooncogene. In cases of genetic MYC heterogeneity, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, Western blot investigations, and immunohistology showed increased C-MYC mRNA and protein levels. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analyses from laser microdissected endothelial cells and fibroblasts found no differences of C-MYC mRNA levels, leaving open the question of the neoplastic cell in juvenile angiofibromas. The finding of genetic MYC heterogeneity associated with C-MYC overexpression on the mRNA and protein level in advanced juvenile angiofibromas indicates involvement of the MYC oncogene in aggressive growth behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Schick
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
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Sennes LU, Fortes FSG, Butugan O, Saldiva PH, Bernardi FC. Tissue maturation correlating to clinical manifestations in juvenile angiofibroma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2005; 114:705-8. [PMID: 16240934 DOI: 10.1177/000348940511400909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare benign tumor that affects young male patients and shows a characteristic development from its origin. It is not a true neoplasm, but shows features of vascular processes, developing into a more fibrous condition. The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical manifestations and the histologic findings of the tumor. METHODS Thirty-six patients without previous treatment were studied. We correlated the incidence and duration of the clinical manifestations (nasal obstruction, epistaxis, nasal and/or pharyngeal tumor, and facial deformity) and morphometric histologic analyses of the central region of the tumor (number, caliber, and presence of muscle cells in the vessel wall, and tissue maturity and cellularity). RESULTS The duration of nasal obstruction, the presence of nasal and/or pharyngeal tumor, and facial deformity were significantly correlated with the number of vessels, the tissue maturation, and the cellularity of the tumor. Epistaxis showed a strong correlation with the presence of muscle fibers in the vessels. CONCLUSIONS There are correlations between the duration of the clinical manifestations and histologic maturation in the central portion of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz U Sennes
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
For over 150 years the aetiology of juvenile angiofibroma has been addressed in numerous theories, but actual details remained unknown. Interesting new findings, reviewed here, are beginning to elucidate the aetiology of this fascinating tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Schick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
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