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Pun-García A, Clemente-Moragón A, Villena-Gutierrez R, Gómez M, Sanz-Rosa D, Díaz-Guerra A, Prados B, Medina JP, Montó F, Ivorra MD, Márquez-López C, Cannavo A, Bernal JA, Koch WJ, Fuster V, de la Pompa JL, Oliver E, Ibanez B. Beta-3 adrenergic receptor overexpression reverses aortic stenosis-induced heart failure and restores balanced mitochondrial dynamics. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:62. [PMID: 36445563 PMCID: PMC9708808 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). There is a lack of therapies able to prevent/revert AS-induced HF. Beta3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) signaling is beneficial in several forms of HF. Here, we studied the potential beneficial effect of β3AR overexpression on AS-induced HF. Selective β3AR stimulation had a positive inotropic effect. Transgenic mice constitutively overexpressing human β3AR in the heart (c-hβ3tg) were protected from the development of HF in response to induced AS, and against cardiomyocyte mitochondrial dysfunction (fragmented mitochondria with remodeled cristae and metabolic reprogramming featuring altered substrate use). Similar beneficial effects were observed in wild-type mice inoculated with adeno-associated virus (AAV9) inducing cardiac-specific overexpression of human β3AR before AS induction. Moreover, AAV9-hβ3AR injection into wild-type mice at late disease stages, when cardiac hypertrophy and metabolic reprogramming are already advanced, reversed the HF phenotype and restored balanced mitochondrial dynamics, demonstrating the potential of gene-therapy-mediated β3AR overexpression in AS. Mice with cardiac specific ablation of Yme1l (cYKO), characterized by fragmented mitochondria, showed an increased mortality upon AS challenge. AAV9-hβ3AR injection in these mice before AS induction reverted the fragmented mitochondria phenotype and rescued them from death. In conclusion, our results step out that β3AR overexpression might have translational potential as a therapeutic strategy in AS-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Pun-García
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Clemente-Moragón
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Villena-Gutierrez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sanz-Rosa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Díaz-Guerra
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Prados
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Medina
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermí Montó
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, ERI BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Ivorra
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, ERI BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Cristina Márquez-López
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Juan A Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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Amer A, Fabio F, Valoti M. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Modulates the Effects of Flavonoids on Rat Aorta Rings: Role of Superoxide Anion and β3 Receptors. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sabbah HN, Zhang K, Gupta RC, Xu J, Singh-Gupta V, Ma M, Stauber K, Nguyen N, Adams J. Intravenous Infusion of the β 3-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist APD418 Improves Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Dogs With Systolic Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2020; 27:242-252. [PMID: 33352205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs), β3-AR stimulation inhibits cardiac contractility and relaxation. In the failing left ventricular (LV) myocardium, β3-ARs are upregulated, and can be maladaptive in the setting of decompensation by contributing to LV dysfunction. This study examined the effects of intravenous infusions of the β3-AR antagonist APD418 on cardiovascular function and safety in dogs with systolic heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS Three separate studies were performed in 21 dogs with coronary microembolization-induced HF (LV ejection fraction [LVEF] of approximately 35%). Studies 1 and 2 (n = 7 dogs each) were APD418 dose escalation studies (dosing range, 0.35-15.00 mg/kg/h) designed to identify an effective dose of APD418 to be used in study 3. Study 3, the sustained efficacy study, (n = 7 dogs) was a 6-hour constant intravenous infusion of APD418 at a dose of 4.224 mg/kg (0.70 mg/kg/h) measuring key hemodynamic endpoints (e.g., EF, cardiac output, the time velocity integral of the mitral inflow velocity waveform representing early filling to time-velocity integral representing left atrial contraction [Ei/Ai]). Studies 1 and 2 showed a dose-dependent increase of LVEF and Ei/Ai, the latter being an index of LV diastolic function. In study 3, infusion of APD418 over 6 hours increased LVEF from 31 ± 1% to 38 ± 1% (P < .05) and increased Ei/Ai from 3.4 ± 0.4 to 4.9 ± 0.5 (P < .05). Vehicle had no effect on the LVEF or Ei/Ai. In study 3, APD418 had no significant effects on the HR or the systemic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous infusions of APD418 in dogs with systolic HF elicit significant positive inotropic and lusitropic effects. These findings support the development of APD418 for the in-hospital treatment of patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani N Sabbah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Kefei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Vinita Singh-Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael Ma
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | | | - John Adams
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California
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Sun J, Cheng J, Ding X, Chi J, Yang J, Li W. β3 adrenergic receptor antagonist SR59230A exerts beneficial effects on right ventricular performance in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:489-498. [PMID: 31853320 PMCID: PMC6909721 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with a high mortality rate. Previous studies have revealed the important function of the β3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) in cardiovascular diseases, and the potential beneficial effects of numerous β3-AR agonists on pulmonary vasodilation. Conversely, a number of studies have proposed that the antagonism of β3-AR may prevent heart failure. The present study aimed to investigate the functional involvement of β3-AR and the effects of the β3-AR antagonist, SR59230A, in PAH and subsequent heart failure. A rat PAH model was established by the subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT), and the rats were randomly assigned to groups receiving four weeks of SR59230A treatment or the vehicle control. SR59230A treatment significantly improved right ventricular function in PAH in vivo compared with the vehicle control (P<0.001). Additionally, the expression level of β3-AR was significantly upregulated in the lung and heart tissues of PAH rats compared with the sham group (P<0.01), and SR59230A treatment inhibited this increase in the lung (P<0.05), but not the heart. Specifically, SR59230A suppressed the elevated expression of endothelial nitric oxide and alleviated inflammatory infiltration to the lung under PAH conditions. These results are, to the best of our knowledge, the first to reveal that SR59230A exerts beneficial effects on right ventricular performance in rats with MCT-induced PAH. Furthermore, blocking β3-AR with SR59230A may alleviate the structural changes and inflammatory infiltration to the lung as a result of reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xue Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jiemei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
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2D-QSAR and 3D-QSAR/CoMSIA Studies on a Series of (R)-2-((2-(1H-Indol-2-yl)ethyl)amino)-1-Phenylethan-1-ol with Human β₃-Adrenergic Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030404. [PMID: 28273884 PMCID: PMC6155312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The β₃ adrenergic receptor is raising as an important drug target for the treatment of pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, depression, and cardiac diseases among others. Several attempts to obtain selective and high affinity ligands have been made. Currently, Mirabegron is the only available drug on the market that targets this receptor approved for the treatment of overactive bladder. However, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in USA and the MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) in UK have made reports of potentially life-threatening side effects associated with the administration of Mirabegron, casting doubts on the continuity of this compound. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to gather information for the rational design and synthesis of new β₃ adrenergic ligands. Herein, we present the first combined 2D-QSAR (two-dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) and 3D-QSAR/CoMSIA (three-dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship/Comparative Molecular Similarity Index Analysis) study on a series of potent β₃ adrenergic agonists of indole-alkylamine structure. We found a series of changes that can be made in the steric, hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor, lipophilicity and molar refractivity properties of the compounds to generate new promising molecules. Finally, based on our analysis, a summary and a regiospecific description of the requirements for improving β₃ adrenergic activity is given.
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Yu J, Yang S, Wang X, Gan R. Matrine improved the function of heart failure in rats via inhibiting apoptosis and blocking β3‑adrenoreceptor/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3199-204. [PMID: 25322941 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine, an alkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Sophora flavescens AIT has exhibited a number of therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and liver diseases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether matrine has a protective effect on heart failure in rats. Coronary artery ligation was used to induce a heart failure (CHF) model in rats. Four weeks following the procedure, the rats were treated with different doses of matrine for one month. Histopathological examination demonstrated that matrine treatment alleviated myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis in failing hearts. Furthermore, matrine administration also inhibited the increase of plasma aspartate amino transferase, creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels in CHF rats. The rats with heart failure exhibited a significant reduction in ejection fraction and fractional shortening, as well as an increase in the left ventricular end systolic dimension, and matrine attenuated this decline in heart function. Further investigation demonstrated that matrine treatment also inhibited the upregulation of Bax and increase in the Bcl‑2 expression in the failing hearts. Furthermore, the upregulation of β3-adrenoreceptor (AR) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase proteins following heart failure were also attenuated by matrine. In conclusion, matrine had a preventive role in heart failure in rats at least in part by inhibiting myocardial apoptosis and the β3-AR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shusen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Runtao Gan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Cisapride protects against cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting the up-regulation of calcineurin and NFATc-3. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 735:202-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Masutani S, Cheng HJ, Morimoto A, Hasegawa H, Han QH, Little WC, Cheng CP. β3-Adrenergic receptor antagonist improves exercise performance in pacing-induced heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H923-30. [PMID: 23873794 PMCID: PMC3761346 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00371.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In heart failure (HF), the impaired left ventricular (LV) arterial coupling and diastolic dysfunction present at rest are exacerbated during exercise. We have previously shown that in HF at rest stimulation of β3-adrenergic receptors by endogenous catecholamine depresses LV contraction and relaxation. β3-Adrenergic receptors are activated at higher concentrations of catecholamine. Thus exercise may cause increased stimulation of cardiac β3-adrenergic receptors and contribute to this abnormal response. We assessed the effect of L-748,337 (50 μg/kg iv), a selective β3-adrenergic receptor antagonist (β3-ANT), on LV dynamics during exercise in 12 chronically instrumented dogs with pacing-induced HF. Compared with HF at rest, exercise increased LV end-systolic pressure (PES), minimum LV pressure (LVPmin), and the time constant of LV relaxation (τ) with an upward shift of early diastolic portion of LV pressure-volume loop. LV contractility decreased and arterial elastance (EA) increased. LV arterial coupling (EES/EA) (0.40 vs. 0.51) was impaired. Compared with exercise in HF preparation, exercise after β3-ANT caused similar increases in heart rate and PES but significantly decreased τ (34.9 vs. 38.3 ms) and LVPmin with a downward shift of the early diastolic portion of LV pressure-volume loop and further augmented dV/dtmax. Both EES and EES/EA (0.68 vs. 0.40) were increased. LV mechanical efficiency improved from 0.39 to 0.53. In conclusion, after HF, β3-ANT improves LV diastolic filling; increases LV contractility, LV arterial coupling, and mechanical efficiency; and improves exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Masutani
- Cardiology Section, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Krandycheva V, Kharin S, Strelkova M, Shumikhin K, Sobolev A, Shmakov D. Ventricular repolarization in a rat model of global heart failure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:431-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Krandycheva
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Sergey Kharin
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Marina Strelkova
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Konstantin Shumikhin
- Department of Biomedical Disciplines; Komi Branch of Kirov State Medical Academy; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Aleksey Sobolev
- Department of Physiology; Komi Branch of Kirov State Medical Academy; Syktyvkar; Russia
| | - Dmitry Shmakov
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology; Institute of Physiology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar; Russia
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Total beta-adrenoceptor knockout slows conduction and reduces inducible arrhythmias in the mouse heart. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49203. [PMID: 23133676 PMCID: PMC3486811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beta-adrenoceptors (β-AR) play an important role in the neurohumoral regulation of cardiac function. Three β-AR subtypes (β(1), β(2), β(3)) have been described so far. Total deficiency of these adrenoceptors (TKO) results in cardiac hypotrophy and negative inotropy. TKO represents a unique mouse model mimicking total unselective medical β-blocker therapy in men. Electrophysiological characteristics of TKO have not yet been investigated in an animal model. METHODS In vivo electrophysiological studies using right heart catheterisation were performed in 10 TKO mice and 10 129SV wild type control mice (WT) at the age of 15 weeks. Standard surface ECG, intracardiac and electrophysiological parameters, and arrhythmia inducibility were analyzed. RESULTS The surface ECG of TKO mice revealed a reduced heart rate (359.2±20.9 bpm vs. 461.1±33.3 bpm; p<0.001), prolonged P wave (17.5±3.0 ms vs. 15.1±1.2 ms; p = 0.019) and PQ time (40.8±2.4 ms vs. 37.3±3.0 ms; p = 0.013) compared to WT. Intracardiac ECG showed a significantly prolonged infra-Hisian conductance (HV-interval: 12.9±1.4 ms vs. 6.8±1.0 ms; p<0.001). Functional testing showed prolonged atrial and ventricular refractory periods in TKO (40.5±15.5 ms vs. 21.3±5.8 ms; p = 0.004; and 41.0±9.7 ms vs. 28.3±6.6 ms; p = 0.004, respectively). In TKO both the probability of induction of atrial fibrillation (12% vs. 24%; p<0.001) and of ventricular tachycardias (0% vs. 26%; p<0.001) were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION TKO results in significant prolongations of cardiac conduction times and refractory periods. This was accompanied by a highly significant reduction of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Our finding confirms the importance of β-AR in arrhythmogenesis and the potential role of unspecific beta-receptor-blockade as therapeutic target.
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Gill RS, Cheung PY, Yu X, Aklabi MA, Nagendran J, Quinonez LG, Li YQ, Miller J, Ross DB, Rebeyka IM, Li J. β(3)-Adrenoceptor Antagonist SR59230A Attenuates the Imbalance of Systemic and Myocardial Oxygen Transport Induced by Dopamine in Newborn Lambs. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2012; 6:45-51. [PMID: 22442641 PMCID: PMC3303209 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s8654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background In neonates, the increase in O2-delivery (DO2) by dopamine is offset by a greater increase in O2-consumption (VO2). This has been attributed to β3-adrenergic receptors in neonatal brown fat tissue. β3 receptors in the heart have negative inotropic properties. We evaluated the effects of SR59230A, a β3-antagonist, on the balance of systemic and myocardial O2-transport in newborn lambs treated with dopamine. Methods Lambs (2–5 days old, n = 12) were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Heart rate (HR) and rectal temperature were monitored. VO2 was measured by respiratory mass spectrometry and cardiac output (CO) by a pulmonary artery transonic flowmeter. Arterial, jugular bulb venous and coronary sinus blood gases and lactate were measured to calculate DO2, O2 extraction ratio (ERO2), myocardial O2 and lactate extraction ratios (mERO2, mERlac). After baseline measurements, lambs were randomized to receive SR59230A at 5 mg/kg iv (SRG) or placebo. Both groups received incremental doses of a dopamine infusion (0–5–10–15–20 mcg/kg/min) every 15 min. Measurements were repeated at the end of each dose. Results After SR59230A infusion, CO and HR trended to decrease (P = 0.06), but no significant changes occurred in other parameters. Over the incremental doses of dopamine, temperature increased in both groups (P < 0.0001) but to a lesser degree in SRG (P = 0.004). CO and HR increased (P = 0.005 and 0.04) and similarly in both groups (P > 0.1). DO2 trended to a small increase (P = 0.08). VO2 increased in both groups (P < 0.0001) but to a lesser degree in SRG (P < 0.0001). As a result, ERO2 increased in both groups (P < 0.0001), but to a lesser degree in SRG (P < 0.0001). mERO2 was lower in SRG (P = 0.01) with a faster increase (P < 0.0001). mERlac was higher in SRG (P = 0.06) with a faster decrease (P = 0.04). Conclusion Although SR59230A tends to induce an initial drop in CO, it significantly attenuates the rise in VO2 and hence the imbalance of systemic and myocardial O2 transport induced by dopamine at higher doses. Studies are warranted to examine the effect of SR59230A in cases of cardiac dysfunction and increased VO2, observed after cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richdeep S Gill
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
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Booysen HL, Norton GR, Opie LH, Woodiwiss AJ. Reverse chamber remodelling following adrenergic-induced advanced cardiac dilatation and pump dysfunction. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 107:238. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Perrone MG, Scilimati A. β3-Adrenoceptor ligand development history through patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:505-36. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.561316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Grazia Perrone M, Scilimati A. β(3)-Adrenoceptor agonists and (antagonists as) inverse agonists history, perspective, constitutive activity, and stereospecific binding. Methods Enzymol 2011; 484:197-230. [PMID: 21036234 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381298-8.00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
β(3)-Adrenergic receptor (β(3)-AR) is expressed in several tissues and is considered a drug target for the treatment of several pathologies such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cachexia, metabolic syndrome, heart failure, anxiety and depressive disorders, preterm labor, overactive bladder, control colon motility, and of coadjuvants in colon cancer therapy. It is a seven-transmembrane domain (7TD) G-protein coupled receptor and is usually coupled to a Gs-protein (Gi-protein in very few cases), and its stimulation increases the production of cAMP. A lot of β(3)-AR agonists have been uncovered and extensively characterized. Conversely, very little is known about β(3)-AR inverse agonists that would suppress the agonist-independent activity (constitutive activity) of the receptor by stabilizing it in its inactive state. This chapter attempts to outline (a) the importance of the β(3)-AR as a therapeutic target through the disquisition of its role in human health (physiology) and disease (pathology); (b) the description of β(3)-AR structure [amino acid sequence and 7TD organization]; (c) the medicinal chemistry of β(3)-AR: 7TD amino acid-ligand specific interactions, β-adrenoreceptor subtype selectivity, stereospecific interactions and biological activity relationships, inverse agonism and blockage of β(3)-adrenoceptor constitutive activity; and (d) β(3)-AR inverse agonists. The detailed procedure to prepare and assess the biological activity/selectivity of the more potent and selective β(3)-AR inverse agonists (SP-1e and SP-1g) up to now known is also described.
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Moens AL, Yang R, Watts VL, Barouch LA. Beta 3-adrenoreceptor regulation of nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 48:1088-95. [PMID: 20184889 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a third beta-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) in the cardiovascular system has challenged the classical paradigm of sympathetic regulation by beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors. While beta 3-AR's role in the cardiovascular system remains controversial, increasing evidence suggests that it serves as a "brake" in sympathetic overstimulation - it is activated at high catecholamine concentrations, producing a negative inotropic effect that antagonizes beta1- and beta2-AR activity. The anti-adrenergic effects induced by beta 3-AR were initially linked to nitric oxide (NO) release via endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), although more recently it has been shown under some conditions to increase NO production in the cardiovascular system via the other two NOS isoforms, namely inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). We summarize recent findings regarding beta 3-AR effects on the cardiovascular system and explore its prospective as a therapeutic target, particularly focusing on its emerging role as an important mediator of NO signaling in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- An L Moens
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Patel AR, Shaddy RE. Role of β-blocker therapy in pediatric heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 4:45-58. [PMID: 21799703 DOI: 10.2217/phe.09.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is becoming an increasingly common and significant problem in the field of pediatric cardiology. The numerous types of cardiomyopathies, and more recently, long-term survival of patients with congenital heart disease, have added to a growing patient population. Over the last several decades, our knowledge base regarding mechanisms of disease and therapeutic intervention in adult patients with heart failure has drastically changed. The most recent and important breakthrough in the pharmacologic treatment of heart failure has been the particular role of β-blocker therapy. This medication has led to significant improvements in survival and symptoms in adults, with less convincing findings in limited studies in pediatrics. The ability to study the benefits of this therapy in patients has been challenging owing to the heterogeneity of the patient population and lack of large sample sizes. However, as we investigate the mechanisms behind the disease process, the differences that exist between disease conditions and ages, and the significant alterations that may exist at the molecular and genetic level, our understanding of β-blocker therapy in pediatric heart failure will improve, and ultimately may lead to patient-specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash R Patel
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Cardiology, 34th & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Tel.: +1 215 590 3548
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Feng W, Li W. The study of ISO induced heart failure rat model. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 88:299-304. [PMID: 19909738 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find a more excellent large-dose isoproterenol (ISO) induced heart failure (HF) rat model. METHODS 166 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, normal group (n=10), 85/85 mg/kg group (n=50), 85/340 mg/kg group (n=50) and 340/340 mg/kg group (n=56). HF was induced by two subcutaneous injections of homologous ISO on 2 consecutive days. We calculated death rate of each ISO group on different time points. And all the survival ISO rats were examined by echocardiography separately on 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks. We defined the EF<45% rats as heart failure, and calculated EF<45% rate of three ISO groups. 4 weeks after the last injection, all of the rats were sacrificed. H&E and Masson staining were used to evaluate inflammatory infiltration and myocardial fibrosis, and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the levels of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-17. We also treated adult rat cardiac fibroblasts with IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, or PBS for 24 h, and real-time PCR was used to measure the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in treated fibroblasts. RESULTS Through 4-week observation, we found that the period within 2 days after the last injection was the most dangerous one for all the ISO rats, regardless of injection dose. Then, the death rate increased slowly. 4 weeks later, the death rates were respectively 30% in 85/85 mg/kg group, 60% in 85/340 mg/kg group, and 68% in 340/340 mg/kg group, and there were statistical differences among three experimental groups. Moreover, the EF<45% rate and cardiac fibrosis rate were 100% in 85/340 mg/kg group as same as 340/340 mg/kg group, and much higher than 85/85 mg/kg group. Furthermore, we also found that pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and IL-17) increased in 85/340 mg/kg group compared with normal group, and above cytokines could induce MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSION 85/340 mg/kg ISO induced HF rat model was superior to the other two dose ISO induced HF rat models. Pro-inflammatory cytokines might contribute to HF and myocardial fibrosis through promotion of MMPs expression in cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The first affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P R China, 150001
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Moens AL, Leyton-Mange JS, Niu X, Yang R, Cingolani O, Arkenbout EK, Champion HC, Bedja D, Gabrielson KL, Chen J, Xia Y, Hale AB, Channon KM, Halushka MK, Barker N, Wuyts FL, Kaminski PM, Wolin MS, Kass DA, Barouch LA. Adverse ventricular remodeling and exacerbated NOS uncoupling from pressure-overload in mice lacking the beta3-adrenoreceptor. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 47:576-85. [PMID: 19766235 PMCID: PMC2761504 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of the beta-adrenergic system is important in the pathological response to sustained cardiac stress, forming the rationale for the use of beta-blockers in heart failure. The beta3-adrenoreceptor (AR) is thought to couple to the inhibitory G-protein, G(i), with downstream signaling through nitric oxide, although its role in the heart remains controversial. In this study, we tested whether lack of beta3-AR influences the myocardial response to pressure-overload. Baseline echocardiography in mice lacking beta3-AR (beta3(-/-)) compared to wild type (WT) showed mild LV hypertrophy at 8 weeks that worsened as they aged. beta3(-/-) mice had much greater mortality after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) than WT controls. By 3 weeks of TAC, systolic function was worse. After 9 weeks of TAC, beta3(-/-) mice also had greater LV dilation, myocyte hypertrophy and enhanced fibrosis. NOS activity declined in beta3(-/-)TAC hearts after 9 weeks, and total and NOS-dependent superoxide rose, indicating heightened oxidative stress and NOS uncoupling. The level of eNOS phosphorylation in beta3(-/-)TAC hearts was diminished, and nNOS and iNOS expression levels were increased. GTP cyclohydrolase-1 expression was reduced, although total BH4 levels were not depleted. 3 weeks of BH4 treatment rescued beta3(-/-) mice from worsened remodeling after TAC, and lowered NOS-dependent superoxide. Thus, lack of beta3-AR signaling exacerbates cardiac pressure-overload induced remodeling and enhances NOS uncoupling and consequent oxidant stress, all of which can be rescued with exogenous BH4. These data suggest a cardioprotective role for the beta3-AR in modulating oxidative stress and adverse remodeling in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- An L Moens
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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IL-17 induces myocardial fibrosis and enhances RANKL/OPG and MMP/TIMP signaling in isoproterenol-induced heart failure. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 87:212-8. [PMID: 19527710 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate whether IL-17 can regulate the expression of the MMP/TIMP system, the OPG/RANK/RANKL system, or type-I and type-III collagen fibers in a rat model of isoproterenol-induced heart failure (HF). We also investigated the effect of IL-17 on myocardial fibrosis in this model. METHODS HF was induced in Wistar-Kyoto rats by hypodermic injection of isoproterenol (ISO) twice every 24 h. After 2 months, the surviving rats were divided into three groups: monoclonal Anti-IL-17 Ab (100 microg/day), IgG (100 microg/day) or PBS were injected five times every 48 h (i.p.). One day after the last injection, all of the rats were sacrificed. H&E and Masson staining were used to evaluate myocardial fibrosis, and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the levels of MMP-1, TIMP-1, TIMP-4, OPG, RANKL, type-I and type-III collagen fibers. We also treated adult rat cardiac fibroblasts with IL-17 (10 ng/ml), IL-17 (10 ng/ml)+OPG (10 ng/ml), IL-17 (10 ng/ml)+anti-RANKL Ab (100 ng/ml), or PBS for 24 h, realtime RT-PCR was used to measure the expressions of MMP-1. RESULTS The expressions of MMP-1, RANKL, and type-I and -III collagen fibers decreased, and the expressions of TIMP-1, TIMP-4, and OPG increased in the Anti-IL-17 group compared to controls. H&E and Masson staining revealed that blockade of IL-17 can improve myocardial fibrosis in HF. IL-17 increased the expression of MMP-1 in cardiac fibroblasts, and OPG and anti-IL-17 Ab could inhibit this function partly. Thus, IL-17 was dependent on the RANKL/OPG system to induce MMP-1 partly. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the contribution of IL-17 to myocardial fibrosis in isoproterenol-induced HF. IL-17 can regulate the RANKL/OPG and MMP/TIMP systems in this model. The RANKL/OPG system is one of intermediaries between IL-17 and MMP-1 in cardiac fibroblasts. As a harmful cytokine, anti-IL-17 treatment is a potential therapeutic strategy in HF.
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