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Dhawale VS, Amara VR, Karpe PA, Malek V, Patel D, Tikoo K. Activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) attenuates allergic airway inflammation in rat asthma model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 306:17-26. [PMID: 27343405 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is positively correlated to asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and is highly expressed in lungs. ACE2, the counteracting enzyme of ACE, was proven to be protective in pulmonary, cardiovascular diseases. In the present study we checked the effect of ACE2 activation in animal model of asthma. Asthma was induced in male wistar rats by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin and then treated with ACE2 activator, diminazene aceturate (DIZE) for 2weeks. 48h after last allergen challenge, animals were anesthetized, blood, BALF, femoral bone marrow lavage were collected for leucocyte count; trachea for measuring airway responsiveness to carbachol; lungs and heart were isolated for histological studies and western blotting. In our animal model, the characteristic features of asthma such as altered airway responsiveness to carbachol, eosinophilia and neutrophilia were observed. Western blotting revealed the increased pulmonary expression of ACE1, IL-1β, IL-4, NF-κB, BCL2, p-AKT, p-p38 and decreased expression of ACE2 and IκB. DIZE treatment prevented these alterations. Intraalveolar interstitial thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial fibrosis, oxidative stress and right ventricular hypertrophy in asthma control animals were also reversed by DIZE treatment. Activation of ACE2 by DIZE conferred protection against asthma as evident from biochemical, functional, histological and molecular parameters. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time that activation of ACE2 by DIZE prevents asthma progression by altering AKT, p38, NF-κB and other inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Shrirang Dhawale
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao Amara
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Pinakin Arun Karpe
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Vajir Malek
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Deep Patel
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India..
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Abdel-Fattah MM, Salama AA, Shehata BA, Ismaiel IE. The potential effect of the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan in regulating OVA-induced airway remodeling in experimental rats. Pharmacol Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.10.1016/j.pharep.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wu F, Wang HY, Cai F, Wang LJ, Zhang FR, Chen XN, Yang Q, Jiang MH, Wang XF, Shen WF. Valsartan decreases platelet activity and arterial thrombotic events in elderly patients with hypertension. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:153-8. [PMID: 25591555 PMCID: PMC4837831 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.149185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT 1 R) antagonists are extensively used for blood pressure control in elderly patients with hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of AT 1 R antagonist valsartan on platelet aggregation and the occurrence of cardio-cerebral thrombotic events in elderly patients with hypertension. METHODS Two-hundred and ten patients with hypertension and aged > 60 years were randomized to valsartan (n = 140) or amlodipine (n = 70) on admission. The primary endpoint was platelet aggregation rate (PAR) induced by arachidonic acid at discharge, and the secondary endpoint was the rate of thrombotic events including brain infarction and myocardial infarction during follow-up. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated by angiotensin II (Ang II, 100 nmol/L) with or without pretreatment of valsartan (100 nmol/L), and relative expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) and both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) activities were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed by GraphPad Prism 5.0 software (GraphPad Software, Inc., California, USA). RESULTS PAR was lower after treatment with valsartan (11.49 ± 0.69% vs. 18.71 ± 2.47%, P < 0.001), associated with more reduced plasma levels of COX-2 (76.94 ± 7.07 U/L vs. 116.4 ± 15.89 U/L, P < 0.001) and TXB 2 (1667 ± 56.50 pg/ml vs. 2207 ± 180.20 pg/ml) (all P < 0.001). Plasma COX-2 and TXB 2 levels correlated significantly with PAR in overall patients (r = 0.109, P < 0.001). During follow-up (median, 18 months), there was a significantly lower thrombotic event rate in patients treated with valsartan (14.3% vs. 32.8%, P = 0.002). Relative expression of COX-2 and secretion of TXB 2 with concordant phosphorylation of p38MAPK and NF-kB were increased in HAECs when stimulated by Ang II (100 nmol/L) but were significantly decreased by valsartan pretreatment (100 nmol/L). CONCLUSIONS AT 1 R antagonist valsartan decreases platelet activity by attenuating COX-2/TXA 2 expression through p38MAPK and NF-kB pathways and reduces the occurrence of cardio-cerebral thrombotic events in elderly patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei-Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Magalhães GS, Rodrigues-Machado MG, Motta-Santos D, Silva AR, Caliari MV, Prata LO, Abreu SC, Rocco PRM, Barcelos LS, Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2330-42. [PMID: 25559763 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A long-term imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators leads to airway remodelling, which is strongly correlated to most of the symptoms, severity and progression of chronic lung inflammation. The Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]/Mas receptor axis of the renin-angiotensin system is associated with attenuation of acute and chronic inflammatory processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ang-(1-7) treatment in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA; 4 injections over 42 days, 14 days apart) and were challenged three times per week (days 21-46). These mice received Ang-(1-7) (1 μg·h(-1) , s.c.) by osmotic mini-pumps, for the last 28 days. Histology and morphometric analysis were performed in left lung and right ventricle. Airway responsiveness to methacholine, analysis of Ang-(1-7) levels (RIA), collagen I and III (qRT-PCR), ERK1/2 and JNK (Western blotting), IgE (elisa), cytokines and chemokines (elisa multiplex), and immunohistochemistry for Mas receptors were performed. KEY RESULTS Infusion of Ang-(1-7) in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition in the airways and lung parenchyma, and prevented bronchial hyperresponsiveness. These effects were accompanied by decreased IgE and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mas receptors were detected in the epithelium and bronchial smooth muscle, suggesting a site in the lung for the beneficial actions of Ang-(1-7). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Ang-(1-7) exerted beneficial attenuation of three major features of chronic asthma: lung inflammation, airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness. Our results support an important protective role of Ang-(1-7) in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-NANOBIOFAR), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Abdel-Fattah MM, Salama AAA, Shehata BA, Ismaiel IE. The potential effect of the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan in regulating OVA-induced airway remodeling in experimental rats. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:943-51. [PMID: 26398389 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is a true ascending clinical problem. Angiotensin II is now accused to be potentially implicated in its pathogenesis, being a potent pro-inflammatory mediator with remodeling effects. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the possible protective effect of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, on experimentally-induced bronchial asthma. METHODS Animals were divided into 5 groups; a normal control group, an asthma control group, a reference treatment group, receiving dexamethasone, and two treatment groups, receiving telmisartan in two dose levels. Bronchial asthma was induced by intraperitoneal sensitization followed by intranasal challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). Test agents were administered prior to each intranasal OVA challenge. Lung function tests, namely tidal volume (TV) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) were assessed 1h after the last challenge. One day after the last challenge, absolute eosinophil counts (AEC) in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were assessed. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) as well as BALF total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) were assessed. Oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers, namely lung tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reduced (GSH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-5 (IL-5), were also assessed, in addition to histopathological study. RESULTS Telmisartan administration in both doses significantly improved TV, PEF, AEC, IgE, NOx, GSH, SOD, TNF-α and IL-5 values compared to asthma control values. Histopathological study strongly supported the results of biochemical estimations, particularly regarding airway remodeling. CONCLUSION These results suggest that telmisartan may have potential protecting effects against experimental bronchial asthma, probably due to its bronchodilator, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basim A Shehata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Rodrigues-Machado MG, Magalhães GS, Cardoso JA, Kangussu LM, Murari A, Caliari MV, Oliveira ML, Cara DC, Noviello MLM, Marques FD, Pereira JM, Lautner RQ, Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ. AVE 0991, a non-peptide mimic of angiotensin-(1-7) effects, attenuates pulmonary remodelling in a model of chronic asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:835-46. [PMID: 23889691 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE AVE 0991 (AVE) is a non-peptide compound, mimic of the angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) actions in many tissues and pathophysiological states. Here, we have investigated the effect of AVE on pulmonary remodelling in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced chronic allergic lung inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks old) and induced chronic allergic lung inflammation by OVA sensitization (20 μg·mouse(-1) , i.p., four times, 14 days apart) and OVA challenge (1%, nebulised during 30 min, three times per·week, for 4 weeks). Control and AVE groups were given saline i.p and challenged with saline. AVE treatment (1 mg·kg(-1) ·per day, s.c.) or saline (100 μL·kg(-1) ·per day, s.c.) was given during the challenge period. Mice were anaesthetized 72 h after the last challenge and blood and lungs collected. In some animals, primary bronchi were isolated to test contractile responses. Cytokines were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung homogenates. KEY RESULTS Treatment with AVE of OVA sensitised and challenged mice attenuated the altered contractile response to carbachol in bronchial rings and reversed the increased airway wall and pulmonary vasculature thickness and right ventricular hypertrophy. Furthermore, AVE reduced IL-5 and increased IL-10 levels in the BAL, accompanied by decreased Ang II levels in lungs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AVE treatment prevented pulmonary remodelling, inflammation and right ventricular hypertrophy in OVA mice, suggesting that Ang-(1-7) receptor agonists are a new possibility for the treatment of pulmonary remodelling induced by chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Rodrigues-Machado
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-NANOBIOFAR), Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists attenuate pulmonary inflammation and bleomycin-evoked fibrosis in rodent models. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:290-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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LI NING, CAI RUIJUN, NIU YI, SHEN BIN, XU JIAN, CHENG YUANXIONG. Inhibition of angiotensin II-induced contraction of human airway smooth muscle cells by angiotensin-(1-7) via downregulation of the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:811-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, attenuates cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012; 11:148-56. [PMID: 21380857 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Valsartan has significant blood pressure lowering effect via modulating renin-angiotensin system although its mechanism of action in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury is largely unknown. We therefore evaluated the effect of valsartan in ISO-induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity during β-adrenergic receptor stimulation in rats. ISO (85 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered on thirteenth and fourteenth day for induction of cardiotoxicity. ISO-treated rats showed significant decrease (P < 0.01) in mean arterial pressure (70.2 ± 9.11 vs. 104.86 ± 8.93), maximal positive (1601.3 ± 338.87 vs. 2789.16 ± 301.76), and negative (1495.76 ± 151.78 vs. 2039.6 ± 279.1) rate of developed left ventricular pressure and increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (5.81 ± 0.51 vs. 2.37 ± 0.43) as compared to the sham group. Similarly, significant reduction in CK-MB (91.42 ± 5.88 vs. 142.63 ± 6.9), LDH (50.52 ± 5.18 vs. 73.28 ± 4.29) levels, and anti-oxidant enzymes activities were observed. Valsartan (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day, p.o.) pretreatment for 14 days favorably modulated these altered parameters. However, valsartan (60 mg/kg) only showed significant improvement (P < 0.01) in cardiac dysfunction, myocardial injury markers, and anti-oxidant status of myocardium in ISO-induced cardiotoxicity. Histopathology and ultrastructural studies further validated the protective effect of valsartan (60 mg/kg). Altogether, these results suggest that cardioprotective effect of valsartan is mediated through augmenting endogenous anti-oxidant defense system, preserving hemodynamic function and structural integrity of myocardium.
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Bossé Y, Stankova J, Rola-Pleszczynski M. Transforming growth factor-beta1 in asthmatic airway smooth muscle enlargement: is fibroblast growth factor-2 required? Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:710-24. [PMID: 20447083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Enlargement of airway smooth muscle (ASM) tissue around the bronchi/bronchioles is a histopathological signature of asthmatic airway remodelling and has been suggested to play a critical role in the increased lung resistance and airway hyperresponsiveness seen in asthmatic patients. The pleiotropic cytokine, TGF-beta1, is believed to contribute to several aspects of asthmatic airway remodelling and is known to influence the growth of many cell types. Increased TGF-beta1 expression/signalling and ASM growth have been shown to occur concurrently in animal models of asthma. Abundant studies further substantiate this association by showing that therapeutic strategies that reduce or prevent TGF-beta1 overexpression/signalling lead to a parallel decrease or prevention of ASM enlargement. Finally, recent findings have supported a direct link of causality between TGF-beta1 overexpression/signalling and the overgrowth of ASM tissue. To follow-up on these in vivo studies, many investigators have pursued detailed investigation of ASM in cell culture conditions, assessing the direct role of TGF-beta1 on cellular proliferation and/or hypertrophy. Inconsistencies among the in vitro studies suggest that the effect of TGF-beta1 on ASM cell proliferation/hypertrophy is contextual. A hypothesis focusing on fibroblast growth factor-2 is presented at the end of this review, which could potentially reconcile the apparent discrepancy between the conflicting in vitro findings with the consistent in vivo finding that TGF-beta1 is required for ASM enlargement in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bossé
- The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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