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The panniculus carnosus muscle: A novel model of striated muscle regeneration that exhibits sex differences in the mdx mouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15964. [PMID: 31685850 PMCID: PMC6828975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dermal striated muscle panniculus carnosus (PC), prevalent in lower mammals with remnants in humans, is highly regenerative, and whose function is purported to be linked to defence and shivering thermogenesis. Given the heterogeneity of responses of different muscles to disease, we set out to characterize the PC in wild-type and muscular dystrophic mdx mice. The mouse PC contained mainly fast-twitch type IIB myofibers showing body wide distribution. The PC exemplified heterogeneity in myofiber sizes and a prevalence of central nucleated fibres (CNFs), hallmarks of regeneration, in wild-type and mdx muscles, which increased with age. PC myofibers were hypertrophic in mdx compared to wild-type mice. Sexual dimorphism was apparent with a two-fold increase in CNFs in PC from male versus female mdx mice. To evaluate myogenic potential, PC muscle progenitors were isolated from 8-week old wild-type and mdx mice, grown and differentiated for 7-days. Myogenic profiling of PC-derived myocytes suggested that male mdx satellite cells (SCs) were more myogenic than female counterparts, independent of SC density in PC muscles. Muscle regenerative differences in the PC were associated with alterations in expression of calcium handling regulatory proteins. These studies highlight unique aspects of the PC muscle and its potential as a model to study mechanisms of striated muscle regeneration in health and disease.
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Randolph ME, Phillips BL, Choo HJ, Vest KE, Vera Y, Pavlath GK. Pharyngeal Satellite Cells Undergo Myogenesis Under Basal Conditions and Are Required for Pharyngeal Muscle Maintenance. Stem Cells 2016; 33:3581-95. [PMID: 26178867 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pharyngeal muscles of the nasal, oral, and laryngeal pharynxes are required for swallowing. Pharyngeal muscles are preferentially affected in some muscular dystrophies yet spared in others. Muscle stem cells, called satellite cells, may be critical factors in the development of pharyngeal muscle disorders; however, very little is known about pharyngeal satellite cells (PSC) and their role in pharyngeal muscles. We show that PSC are distinct from the commonly studied hindlimb satellite cells both transcriptionally and biologically. Under basal conditions PSC proliferate, progress through myogenesis, and fuse with pharyngeal myofibers. Furthermore, PSC exhibit biologic differences dependent on anatomic location in the pharynx. Importantly, PSC are required to maintain myofiber size and myonuclear number in pharyngeal myofibers. Together, these results demonstrate that PSC are critical for pharyngeal muscle maintenance and suggest that satellite cell impairment could contribute to pharyngeal muscle pathology associated with various muscular dystrophies and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo-Jung Choo
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katherine E Vest
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yandery Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Grace K Pavlath
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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3
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Randolph ME, Pavlath GK. A muscle stem cell for every muscle: variability of satellite cell biology among different muscle groups. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:190. [PMID: 26500547 PMCID: PMC4595652 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body contains approximately 640 individual skeletal muscles. Despite the fact that all of these muscles are composed of striated muscle tissue, the biology of these muscles and their associated muscle stem cell populations are quite diverse. Skeletal muscles are affected differentially by various muscular dystrophies (MDs), such that certain genetic mutations specifically alter muscle function in only a subset of muscles. Additionally, defective muscle stem cells have been implicated in the pathology of some MDs. The biology of muscle stem cells varies depending on the muscles with which they are associated. Here we review the biology of skeletal muscle stem cell populations of eight different muscle groups. Understanding the biological variation of skeletal muscles and their resident stem cells could provide valuable insight into mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of certain muscles to myopathic disease.
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Randolph ME, Luo Q, Ho J, Vest KE, Sokoloff AJ, Pavlath GK. Ageing and muscular dystrophy differentially affect murine pharyngeal muscles in a region-dependent manner. J Physiol 2014; 592:5301-15. [PMID: 25326455 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.280420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingwei Luo
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Justin Ho
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Katherine E Vest
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alan J Sokoloff
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Grace K Pavlath
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Brais
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche cu CHUM, Hôpital Notre-Dame-CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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6
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Zeiger U, Mitchell CH, Khurana TS. Superior calcium homeostasis of extraocular muscles. Exp Eye Res 2010; 91:613-22. [PMID: 20696159 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Extraocular muscles (EOMs) are a unique group of skeletal muscles with unusual physiological properties such as being able to undergo rapid twitch contractions over extended periods and escape damage in the presence of excess intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). Enhanced Ca(2+) buffering has been proposed as a contributory mechanism to explain these properties; however, the mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated mechanisms modulating Ca(2+) levels in EOM and tibialis anterior (TA) limb muscles. Using Fura-2 based ratiometric Ca(2+) imaging of primary myotubes we found that EOM myotubes reduced elevated Ca(2+) ˜2-fold faster than TA myotubes, demonstrating more efficient Ca(2+) buffering. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting revealed higher expression of key components of the Ca(2+) regulation system in EOM, such as the cardiac/slow isoforms sarcoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase 2 (Serca2) and calsequestrin 2 (Casq2). Interestingly EOM expressed monomeric rather than multimeric forms of phospholamban (Pln), which was phosphorylated at threonine 17 (Thr17) but not at the serine 16 (Ser16) residue. EOM Pln remained monomeric and unphosphorylated at Ser16 despite protein kinase A (PKA) treatment, suggesting differential signalling and modulation cascades involving Pln-mediated Ca(2+) regulation in EOM. Increased expression of Ca(2+)/SR mRNA, proteins, differential post-translational modification of Pln and superior Ca(2+) buffering is consistent with the improved ability of EOM to handle elevated intracellular Ca(2+) levels. These characteristics provide mechanistic insight for the potential role of superior Ca(2+) buffering in the unusual physiology of EOM and their sparing in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Zeiger
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Moncman CL, Andrade FH. Nonmuscle myosin IIB, a sarcomeric component in the extraocular muscles. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:1958-65. [PMID: 20350540 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extraocular muscles (EOMs) are categorized as skeletal muscles; however, emerging evidence indicates that their gene expression profile, metabolic characteristics and functional properties are significantly different from the prototypical members of this muscle class. Gene expression profiling of developing and adult EOM suggest that many myofilament and cytoskeletal proteins have unique expression patterns in EOMs, including the maintained expression of embryonic and fetal isoforms of myosin heavy chains (MyHC), the presence of a unique EOM specific MyHC and mixtures of both cardiac and skeletal muscle isoforms of thick and thin filament accessory proteins. We demonstrate that nonmuscle myosin IIB (nmMyH IIB) is a sarcomeric component in approximately 20% of the global layer fibers in adult rat EOMs. Comparisons of the myofibrillar distribution of nmMyHC IIB with sarcomeric MyHCs indicate that nmMyH IIB co-exists with slow MyHC isoforms. In longitudinal sections of adult rat EOM, nmMyHC IIB appears to be restricted to the A-bands. Although nmMyHC IIB has been previously identified as a component of skeletal and cardiac sarcomeres at the level of the Z-line, the novel distribution of this protein within the A band in EOMs is further evidence of both the EOMs complexity and unconventional phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole L Moncman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Trollet C, Anvar SY, Venema A, Hargreaves IP, Foster K, Vignaud A, Ferry A, Negroni E, Hourde C, Baraibar MA, 't Hoen PAC, Davies JE, Rubinsztein DC, Heales SJ, Mouly V, van der Maarel SM, Butler-Browne G, Raz V, Dickson G. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of a mouse model of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy reveals severe muscular atrophy restricted to fast glycolytic fibres. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2191-207. [PMID: 20207626 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an adult-onset disorder characterized by ptosis, dysphagia and proximal limb weakness. Autosomal-dominant OPMD is caused by a short (GCG)(8-13) expansions within the first exon of the poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 gene (PABPN1), leading to an expanded polyalanine tract in the mutated protein. Expanded PABPN1 forms insoluble aggregates in the nuclei of skeletal muscle fibres. In order to gain insight into the different physiological processes affected in OPMD muscles, we have used a transgenic mouse model of OPMD (A17.1) and performed transcriptomic studies combined with a detailed phenotypic characterization of this model at three time points. The transcriptomic analysis revealed a massive gene deregulation in the A17.1 mice, among which we identified a significant deregulation of pathways associated with muscle atrophy. Using a mathematical model for progression, we have identified that one-third of the progressive genes were also associated with muscle atrophy. Functional and histological analysis of the skeletal muscle of this mouse model confirmed a severe and progressive muscular atrophy associated with a reduction in muscle strength. Moreover, muscle atrophy in the A17.1 mice was restricted to fast glycolytic fibres, containing a large number of intranuclear inclusions (INIs). The soleus muscle and, in particular, oxidative fibres were spared, even though they contained INIs albeit to a lesser degree. These results demonstrate a fibre-type specificity of muscle atrophy in this OPMD model. This study improves our understanding of the biological pathways modified in OPMD to identify potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets.
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Analysis of growth factor expression in affected and unaffected muscles of oculo-pharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) patients: A pilot study. Neuromuscul Disord 2009; 19:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Klein AF, Ebihara M, Alexander C, Dicaire MJ, Sasseville AMJ, Langelier Y, Rouleau GA, Brais B. PABPN1 polyalanine tract deletion and long expansions modify its aggregation pattern and expression. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1652-66. [PMID: 18367172 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Expansions of a (GCN)10/polyalanine tract in the Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 (PABPN1) cause autosomal dominant oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). In OPMD muscles, as in models, PABPN1 accumulates in intranuclear inclusions (INIs) whereas in other diseases caused by similar polyalanine expansions, the mutated proteins have been shown to abnormally accumulate in the cytoplasm. This study presents the impact on the subcellular localization of PABPN1 produced by large expansions or deletion of its polyalanine tract. Large tracts of more than 24 alanines result in the nuclear accumulation of PABPN1 in SFRS2-positive functional speckles and a significant decline in cell survival. These large expansions do not cause INIs formation nor do they lead to cytoplasmic accumulation. Deletion of the polyalanine tract induces the formation of aggregates that are located on either side and cross the nuclear membrane, highlighting the possible role of the N-terminal polyalanine tract in PABPN1 nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. We also show that even though five other proteins with polyalanine tracts tend to aggregate when over-expressed they do not co-aggregate with PABPN1 INIs. This study presents the first experimental evidence that there may be a relative loss of function in OPMD by decreasing the availability of PABPN1 through an INI-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud F Klein
- Laboratory of neurogenetics of motion, Centre d'excellence en neuromique de l'Université de Montréal, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Abu-Baker A, Rouleau GA. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2007; 1772:173-85. [PMID: 17110089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an adult-onset disorder characterized by progressive eyelid drooping, swallowing difficulties and proximal limb weakness. OPMD is caused by a small expansion of a short polyalanine tract in the poly (A) binding protein nuclear 1 protein (PABPN1). The mechanism by which the polyalanine expansion mutation in PABPN1 causes disease is unclear. PABPN1 is a nuclear multi-functional protein which is involved in pre-mRNA polyadenylation, transcription regulation, and mRNA nucleocytoplasmic transport. The distinct pathological hallmark of OPMD is the presence of filamentous intranuclear inclusions (INIs) in patient's skeletal muscle cells. The exact relationship between mutant PABPN1 intranuclear aggregates and pathology is not clear. OPMD is a unique disease sharing common pathogenic features with other polyalanine disorders, as well as with polyglutamine and dystrophic disorders. This chapter aims to review the rapidly growing body of knowledge concerning OPMD. First, we outline the background of OPMD. Second, we compare OPMD with other trinucleotide repeat disorders. Third, we discuss the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OPMD pathogenesis. Finally, we review recent therapeutic strategies for OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Abu-Baker
- Center for the Study of Brain Diseases, CHUM Research Center-Notre Dame Hospital, J.A. de Sève Pavillion, Room Y-3633, 1560, Sherbrooke Street East, Montreal, QC, Canada H2L 4M1
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12
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Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are commonly considered hereditary progressive degenerative diseases that affect skeletal and cardiac muscles. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is a rare hereditary disorder of later onset consisting of progressive dysphagia and bilateral blepharoptosis unlike the peripheral muscular weakness common to other muscular dystrophies. The symptoms of progressive dysphagia, with bilateral ptosis, usually occur after the age of 40 years. The authors present a patient with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy and chronic facial pain relieved by midface soft tissue support, namely, the reconstructive rhytidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett A Wirth
- Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Institute, UCI Manchester Pavilion, 200 South Manchester Avenue, Suite 650, Orange, CA 92868-3298, USA
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13
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Marie-Josée Sasseville A, Caron AW, Bourget L, Klein AF, Dicaire MJ, Rouleau GA, Massie B, Langelier Y, Brais B. The dynamism of PABPN1 nuclear inclusions during the cell cycle. Neurobiol Dis 2006; 23:621-9. [PMID: 16860991 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is caused by expansion of a (GCN)10 to a (GCN)11-17 repeat coding for a polyalanine domain at the N-terminal part of poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). OPMD is characterized by the presence of intranuclear inclusions (INIs) in skeletal muscle fibers of patients. The formation of GFP-b13AlaPABPN1 INIs and their fate through the cell cycle were followed by time-lapse imaging. Our observations demonstrated that the GFP-b13AlaPABPN1 INIs are dynamic structures that can disassemble during mitosis. However, their presence in cells occasionally led to apoptosis. The length of the polyalanine tail or the overexpression of PABPN1 did not significantly affect the percentage of soluble PABPN1 in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of either the wild type (wt) or mutant (mut) forms of PABPN1 slowed down the cell proliferation. The slowing down of proliferation together with the occasional occurrence of apoptosis could contribute in vivo to the late onset of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marie-Josée Sasseville
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2L 4M1
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Fischer MD, Budak MT, Bakay M, Gorospe JR, Kjellgren D, Pedrosa-Domellöf F, Hoffman EP, Khurana TS. Definition of the unique human extraocular muscle allotype by expression profiling. Physiol Genomics 2005; 22:283-91. [PMID: 15855387 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00158.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraocular muscles (EOMs) are a unique group of specialized muscles that are anatomically and physiologically distinct from other skeletal muscles. Perhaps the most striking characteristic of the EOMs is their differential sensitivity to disease. EOMs are spared in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) despite widespread involvement of other skeletal muscles. Conversely, they are early and prominent targets in myasthenia gravis and mitochondrial myopathies. It is unclear how EOMs achieve such specialization or a differential response to diseases; however, this has been attributed to a unique, group-specific pattern of gene expression or "allotype." To begin to address these issues as well as define the human EOM allotype, we analyzed the human EOM transcriptome using oligonucleotide-based expression profiling. Three hundred thirty-eight genes were found to be differentially expressed in EOM compared with quadriceps femoris limb muscle, using a twofold cutoff. Functional characterization revealed expression patterns corresponding to known metabolic and structural properties of EOMs such as expression of EOM-specific myosin heavy chain (MYH13) and high neural, vascular, and mitochondrial content, suggesting that the profiling was sensitive and specific. Genes related to myogenesis, stem cells, and apoptosis were detected at high levels in normal human EOMs, suggesting that efficient and continuous regeneration and/or myogenesis may be a mechanism by which the EOMs remain clinically and pathologically spared in diseases such as DMD. Taken together, this study provides insight into how human EOMs achieve their unique structural, metabolic, and pathophysiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dominik Fischer
- Department of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6085, USA
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Jonathan D. Wirtschafter, MD (1935-2004). J Neuroophthalmol 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00041327-200412000-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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