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Oxidative Stress, Vascular Endothelium, and the Pathology of Neurodegeneration in Retina. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030543. [PMID: 35326193 PMCID: PMC8944517 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between free radicals/ROS and antioxidants, which evokes a biological response and is an important risk factor for diseases, in both the cardiovascular system and central nervous system (CNS). The underlying mechanisms driving pathophysiological complications that arise from OS remain largely unclear. The vascular endothelium is emerging as a primary target of excessive glucocorticoid and catecholamine action. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been implicated to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegeneration in the CNS. The retina is known as an extension of the CNS. Stress and endothelium dysfunction are suspected to be interlinked and associated with neurodegenerative diseases in the retina as well. In this narrative review, we explore the role of OS-led ED in the retina by focusing on mechanistic links between OS and ED, ED in the pathophysiology of different retinal neurodegenerative conditions, and how a better understanding of the role of endothelial function could lead to new therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases in the retina.
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Cardiac Oxidative Stress and the Therapeutic Approaches to the Intake of Antioxidant Supplements and Physical Activity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103483. [PMID: 34684484 PMCID: PMC8540093 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly reactive chemical entities that include oxygen regulated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. ROS contribute significantly to cell homeostasis in the heart by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. When ROS generation surpasses the ability of the antioxidant defense mechanisms to buffer them, oxidative stress develops, resulting in cellular and molecular disorders and eventually in heart failure. Oxidative stress is a critical factor in developing hypoxia- and ischemia-reperfusion-related cardiovascular disorders. This article aimed to discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases such as hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. This review focuses on the various clinical events and oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular pathophysiology, highlighting the benefits of new experimental treatments such as creatine supplementation, omega-3 fatty acids, microRNAs, and antioxidant supplements in addition to physical exercise
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Evaluation of Neutrophil Dynamics Change by Protective Effect of Tadalafil After Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Using In Vivo Real-time Imaging. Transplantation 2021; 106:280-288. [PMID: 33908383 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils play a major role in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in renal transplantation and acute kidney injury. However, it has been difficult to observe changes in neutrophil dynamics over time in living mice kidney. We investigate neutrophil dynamics in IRI in living mice using novel in vivo multiphoton microscope imaging techniques and characterize the renoprotective effects of a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor, tadalafil. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and eNOS knockout (eNOS-KO) mice, a model of endothelial dysfunction, were used to establish in vivo real-time imaging in living mouse kidneys. Neutrophils were labeled green with Ly-6G monoclonal antibody, and plasma flow was labeled red with bovine serum albumin. Tadalafil was administered orally 1 h before surgery. Both kidney pedicles were reperfused after 37° warm ischemia for 45 min. RESULTS Our novel approach revealed that neutrophils were trapped in glomerulus within a few minutes after reperfusion. They gradually increased over time and Infiltrated neutrophils were observed in the tubular lumen and peritubular capillary. The neutrophils were clearly visualized rolling on peritubular capillary plexus at 3 μm/min. The administration of tadalafil significantly reduced neutrophil influx into the glomerulus in both WT and eNOS-KO mice. Reduced neutrophil infiltration in tadalafil groups, which was confirmed by flow cytometry, resulted in histopathologically decreased tubular injury. The expression of VCAM-1 and KIM-1 was partially prevented by tadalafil. CONCLUSIONS Use of a novel technique contributed to elucidation of neutrophil dynamics after reperfusion. Tadalafil has a potential for inhibiting neutrophil infiltration in renal IRI.Supplemental Visual Abstract; http://links.lww.com/TP/C223.
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Effect of soy protein containing isoflavones on endothelial and vascular function in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:1425-1433. [PMID: 32881829 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The beneficial role of soy protein in cardiovascular health has been well documented in observational studies. However, evidence from clinical trials on effects of soy protein on endothelial function in postmenopausal women has been conflicting. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of soy protein supplement containing isoflavones on endothelial function in postmenopausal women. EVIDENCE REVIEW We searched PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Embase, and Google Scholar until March 2020 to find RCTs evaluating the impact of soy protein supplementation on endothelial function parameters. Random effects model (using DerSimonian-Laird method) was applied to synthesize quantitative data. We performed the leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis. To quantitatively assess heterogeneity, the I index was applied. FINDINGS From a total of 267 studies identified from the initial search 15 and 5 studies were considered appropriate for inclusion into the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. In the meta-analysis, an insignificant enhancement in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after soy protein supplementation (0.882%; 95% CI: -1.059 to 2.822; P = 0.373) was found. However, subgroup analysis showed that supplementation of isolated soy protein had significant effect on FMD (3.39%; 95% CI: 0.733-6.01; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our findings suggest that soy protein supplementation does not lead to meaningful improvement in FMD in postmenopausal women. However, this finding is based on a limited number of studies. Additional high-quality large-scale RCTs are warranted.
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Impact of Lifestyles (Diet and Exercise) on Vascular Health: Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1496462. [PMID: 33062134 PMCID: PMC7533760 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1496462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Healthy lifestyle and diet are associated with significant reduction in risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants are linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Changes in antioxidant capacity of the body may lead to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Diet is an important source of antioxidants, while exercise offers many health benefits as well. Recent findings have evidenced that diet and physical factors are correlated to oxidative stress. Diet and physical factors have debatable roles in modulating oxidative stress and effects on the endothelium. Since endothelium and oxidative stress play critical roles in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, dietary and physical factors could have significant implications on prevention of the diseases. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the impact of diet manipulation and physical factors on endothelium and oxidative stress, focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We discuss the friend-and-foe role of dietary modification (including different diet styles, calorie restriction, and nutrient supplementation) on endothelium and oxidative stress, as well as the potential benefits and concerns of physical activity and exercise on endothelium and oxidative stress. A fine balance between oxidative stress and antioxidants is important for normal functions in the cells and interfering with this balance may lead to unfavorable effects. Further studies are needed to identify the best diet composition and exercise intensity.
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Dyslipidemia induced inflammatory status, platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction in rabbits: Protective role of 10-Dehydrogingerdione. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:456-464. [PMID: 30530048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
10-Dehydrogingerdione is a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor of natural origin. Some synthetic CETP inhibitors have recently been reported to suppress proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Therefore, the present study aimed mainly to clarify the effect of 10-Dehydrogingerdione on cellular adhesion inflammatory molecules, platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction markers in addition to PCSK9 as compared to atorvastatin in dyslipidemic rabbits. Dyslipidemia was induced in 30 male rabbits, distributed in 3 equal groups through feeding dietary cholesterol (0.5% w/w) for 3 months. Two dyslipidemic groups were concurrently treated with either atorvastatin or 10-Dehydrogingerdione (10 mg/kg/ day, p.o) and dietary cholesterol. One additional group including 10 normal rabbits fed normal diet served as normal control (NC) group. Both 10-Dehydrogingerdione and atorvastatin significantly reduced serum CETP level and activity as well as PCSK9 and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels but increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels as compared to dyslipidemic control (DC) rabbits (p < 0.001). Both treatments also induced a marked decrease in the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) levels, inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as atherogenic and coronary risk indexes in addition to aortic atheromatous changes and intima/media ratio, respectively as compared to the DC group (p < 0.001). The reduction in these markers showed a significant correlation with PCSK9 suppression and CETP inhibitory effect. Interestingly, 10-Dehydrogingerdione exerted a greater ameliorative potential regarding these biomarkers than atorvastatin. Our findings suggest that 10-Dehydrogingerdione is a promising PCSK9 inhibitor with a significant protective value against many atherosclerotic risk factors.
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Marchesi F, Giacosa R, Reggiani V, De Sario G, Tartamella F, Melani E, Mita MT, Cinieri FG, Cecchini S, Ricco' M, Salcuni P, Roncoroni L. Morphological Changes in the Carotid Artery Intima after Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity. Obes Surg 2017; 27:357-363. [PMID: 27389676 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) can be considered as an early marker of atherosclerosis, thus representing a reliable cardiovascular risk predictor. Bariatric surgery decreases the burden of cardiovascular disease in obese patients through complex mechanisms, of which weight loss is merely the most evident epiphenomenon. The aim of this study is to evaluate C-IMT variations in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and possible correlations with biometric parameters and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Thirty patients undergoing RYGB for morbid obesity were enrolled for carotid artery B-mode ultrasound evaluation before surgery and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up; C-IMT was recorded at three levels (bulb, common, and internal carotid). At each one of the follow-ups, biometric and serohematic parameters were also collected. RESULTS The 22 patients who completed the follow-up and were included in the study showed significant C-IMT reduction at all three levels at 12-month follow-up (p < 0.001). Along with a significant BMI reduction and diabetes/hypertension remission, we found a considerable decrease in total cholesterol (219 vs 164 mg/dl; p < 0.001) and uric acid (5.6 vs 4.5 mg/dl; p < 0.01) and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (43.9vs59.2 mg/dl; p < 0.001). The data imply that the mean 10-year cardiovascular risk score drops by nearly 50 % (5.7 ± 5.6 vs. 2.9 ± 2.7 %, p < 0.001) according to Framingham cardiovascular risk stratification. CONCLUSIONS RYGB is associated with significant decrease in C-IMT at 1 year. Pathophysiologic processes underlying such a variation, probably involving lipid and urate metabolism and their correlation with cardiovascular risk reduction should be confirmed by long-term prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Marchesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, sezione di Clinica Chirurgica Generale e Terapia Chirurgica, Università degli studi di Parma, Via Gramsci n.14, 43100, Parma, Italy.
| | - Roberto Giacosa
- Clinica 'Città di Parma', Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, piazzale Maestri 5, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Reggiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, sezione di Clinica Chirurgica Generale e Terapia Chirurgica, Università degli studi di Parma, Via Gramsci n.14, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Sario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, sezione di Clinica Chirurgica Generale e Terapia Chirurgica, Università degli studi di Parma, Via Gramsci n.14, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Tartamella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, sezione di Clinica Chirurgica Generale e Terapia Chirurgica, Università degli studi di Parma, Via Gramsci n.14, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Melani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, sezione di Clinica Chirurgica Generale e Terapia Chirurgica, Università degli studi di Parma, Via Gramsci n.14, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Mita
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, sezione di Clinica Chirurgica Generale e Terapia Chirurgica, Università degli studi di Parma, Via Gramsci n.14, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Giovanni Cinieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, sezione di Clinica Chirurgica Generale e Terapia Chirurgica, Università degli studi di Parma, Via Gramsci n.14, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Cecchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, sezione di Clinica Chirurgica Generale e Terapia Chirurgica, Università degli studi di Parma, Via Gramsci n.14, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Ricco'
- Azienda provinciale per i servizi sanitari della p.a di Trento, UOPSAL. Viale Verona, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Pierfranco Salcuni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, sezione di Chirurgia Vascolare, Università degli studi di Parma, Via Gramsci n.14, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Luigi Roncoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, sezione di Clinica Chirurgica Generale e Terapia Chirurgica, Università degli studi di Parma, Via Gramsci n.14, 43100, Parma, Italy
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Kulikov DA, Glazkov AA, Kovaleva YA, Balashova NV, Kulikov AV. Prospects of Laser Doppler flowmetry application in assessment of skin microcirculation in diabetes. DIABETES MELLITUS 2017. [DOI: 10.14341/dm8014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review includes results of scientific and clinical use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in patients with diabetes mellitus. LDF is a non-invasive method for the quantitative evaluation of microcirculation, which can assess microcirculatory rhythms and conduct functional tests with various impacts, allowing the exploration of regulatory mechanisms of microcirculation.
LDF reveals specific diabetes changes in the regulatory function of microcirculation. Microcirculation disturbances, which are traditionally associated with the pathogenesis of complications, also occur in patients with early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and may precede the manifestation of diabetes. However, this method is still not applied in clinical practice. In this review, we analysed factors limiting the implementation of LDF in practical medicine and suggest ways to improve its clinical significance.
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Liu ZL, Zhang JG, Liu Q, Yi LT, Li YM, Li Y. The vascular protective effects of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose under high glucose conditions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:192-199. [PMID: 28286103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii has been used as a health food and a herb for treatment diabetes in China for hundreds years. Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose (ARP) is the major active component of the plant. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigated the vascular protection of ARP in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypoglycemic activity of ARP was examined in diabetic mice. Moreover, the further vascular protective effects in vitro were investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by high glucose (HG, 35mM). RESULTS Compared with untreated diabetic mice, ARP (100 or 300mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in blood glucose levels. Histological examination showed that ARP ameliorated endothelial damage to some extent, especially ARP at dosage of 300mg/kg. In vitro assay, pretreatment with ARP (10, 20 and 30μg/mL) markedly inhibited generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in HG-induced HUVECs. ARP pretreatment not only suppressed HG-induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity via increasing the expression of the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), but also adjusted the MMPs/TIMPs balance to maintain homeostasis of vascular structure. Moreover, pretreatment with ARP could significantly reduce p-NF-κB p65, p-p38 MAPK expression levels in HG-induced HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS The vascular protective effects of ARP might be associated with NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathway. ARP might be used as useful substance in the treatment of vasculopathy in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Jian-Gang Zhang
- Institute of pathology, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Yu-Meng Li
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Wu CJ, Fang WH, Kao TW, Chen YJ, Liaw FY, Chang YW, Wang GC, Peng TC, Chen WL. Postprandial Glucose as a Risk Factor for Elevated Intraocular Pressure. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168142. [PMID: 27977733 PMCID: PMC5158038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between postprandial glucose and intraocular pressure in a relatively healthy population. We examined 1,439 adults getting a health check-up in a health promotion center at Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH) in Taiwan between 2012 and 2013. All participants underwent examinations to measure metabolic variables and intraocular pressure. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between postprandial glucose and intraocular pressure. The levels of postprandial glucose were divided into quartiles with subjects in the lowest quartile being regarded as the reference group to perform quartile-based analysis. Covariate adjustment was designed for three models for further analysis. Subjects with higher quartiles of postprandial glucose level had a higher systolic blood pressure, a greater waist circumference and an elevated fasting glucose level (all p < 0.001). The β coefficient with adjusted covariates showed a significant positive association between postprandial glucose and intraocular pressure. The trends of intraocular pressure across increasing quartiles of postprandial glucose were statistically significant (all p for trend < 0.001). Thus, higher levels of postprandial glucose positively correlated with elevated intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jung Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yih Liaw
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Wen Chang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gia-Chi Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Protection of kinsenoside against AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Life Sci 2016; 162:102-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Historically, the relationship between exercise and the cardiovascular system was viewed as unidirectional, with a disease resulting in exercise limitation and hazard. This article reviews and explores the bidirectional nature, delineating the effects, generally positive, on the cardiovascular system and atherosclerosis. Exercise augments eNOS, affects redox potential, and favorably affects mediators of atherosclerosis including lipids, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. There are direct effects on the vasculature as well as indirect benefits related to exercise-induced changes in body composition and skeletal muscle. Application of aerobic exercise to specific populations is described, with the hope that this knowledge will move the science forward and improve individual patient outcome.
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Dal S, Sigrist S. The Protective Effect of Antioxidants Consumption on Diabetes and Vascular Complications. Diseases 2016; 4:E24. [PMID: 28933404 PMCID: PMC5456287 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes is generally accompanied by a chronic state of oxidative stress, disequilibrium in the redox balance, implicated in the development and progression of complications such as micro- and macro-angiopathies. Disorders in the inner layer of blood vessels, the endothelium, play an early and critical role in the development of these complications. Blunted endothelium-dependent relaxation and/or contractions are quietly associated to oxidative stress. Thus, preserving endothelial function and oxidative stress seems to be an optimization strategy in the prevention of vascular complications associated with diabetes. Diet is a major lifestyle factor that can greatly influence the incidence and the progression of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. The notion that foods not only provide basic nutrition but can also prevent diseases and ensure good health and longevity is now attained greater prominence. Some dietary and lifestyle modifications associated to antioxidative supply could be an effective prophylactic means to fight against oxidative stress in diabesity and complications. A significant benefit of phytochemicals (polyphenols in wine, grape, teas), vitamins (ascorbate, tocopherol), minerals (selenium, magnesium), and fruits and vegetables in foods is thought to be capable of scavenging free radicals, lowering the incidence of chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in diabetes and complications, highlight the endothelial dysfunction, and examine the impact of antioxidant foods, plants, fruits, and vegetables, currently used medication with antioxidant properties, in relation to the development and progression of diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Dal
- DIATHEC EA 7294 UMR Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète (CeeD), Université de Strasbourg (UdS), boulevard René Leriche, Strasbourg 67200, France.
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- DIATHEC EA 7294 UMR Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète (CeeD), Université de Strasbourg (UdS), boulevard René Leriche, Strasbourg 67200, France.
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Wei F, Sun X, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Diao Y, Liu Z. Excessive visit-to-visit glycemic variability independently deteriorates the progression of endothelial and renal dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:67. [PMID: 27386849 PMCID: PMC4937553 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glycemic variability (GV) creates challenges to glycemic control and may be an independent marker for unfavorable outcome in management of patients with diabetes. This study was designed to investigate the effect of excessive visit-to-visit GV on the progression of endothelial and renal dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Two hundred and thirty nine patients with T2DM, who were recruited from outpatient, completed 48-month follow-up visit. Visit-to-visit GV was calculated by the standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of serially measured HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Endothelial and renal function was assessed at baseline and end of follow-up. Results At end of follow-up, brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitric oxide (NO), creatinine-based estimated glomeruar filtration rate (eGFR-Cr), and cystatin C-based estimated glomeruar filtration rate (eGFR-Cys C) increased, and endothelin-1 and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) declined as compared with baseline in overall (P < 0.05). The increment of FMD, NO, eGFR-Cr, and eGFR-Cys C and the decrement of endothelin-1 and ACR in first tertile group were significantly greater than those in third tertile group classified by tertile of either SD of HbA1c or SD of FPG. Change percentage of FMD, NO, eGFR-Cr, and eGFR-Cys C were positively, and change percentage of endothelin-1 and ACR were negatively correlated with SDs of HbA1c and FPG, and CVs of HbA1c FPG (P < 0.01, respectively). After adjusted for mean HbA1c, mean FPG, baseline demographic, and clinical characteristics, SD of HbA1c and SD of FPG were always statistically correlated with change percentage of FMD, NO, endothelin-1, ACR, eGFR-Cr, and eGFR-Cys C. Conclusion Excessive visit-to-visit GV independently deteriorates the progression of endothelial and renal dysfunction in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 18877, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 18877, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 18877, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China
| | - Yutao Diao
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 18877, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 18877, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China.
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van Moorsel D, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Schaper NC, Henry RMA, Geelen CC, van Rossum EFC, Nijpels G, 't Hart LM, Schalkwijk CG, van der Kallen CJH, Sauerwein HP, Dekker JM, Stehouwer CDA, Havekes B. BclI glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism in relation to cardiovascular variables: the Hoorn and CODAM studies. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:455-64. [PMID: 26139210 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excess glucocorticoids are known to cause hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The BclI glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphism increases glucocorticoid sensitivity and is associated with adverse metabolic effects. Previous studies investigating cardiovascular implications have shown inconsistent results. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the BclI polymorphism with blood pressure, atherosclerosis, low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and prevalent CVD. DESIGN Observational cohort study, combining two cohort studies designed to investigate genetic and metabolic determinants of CVD. METHODS We genotyped 1228 individuals (aged 64.7 years±8.5) from the Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) study and Hoorn study for the BclI polymorphism. We measured blood pressure, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction scores were computed by averaging Z-scores of six low-grade inflammation markers and four endothelial dysfunction markers respectively. Prevalent CVD was assessed with questionnaires, hospital records, ECG, and ABI. RESULTS Homozygous carriers (GG) had higher mean arterial pressure (103.8±12.4 mmHg vs 101.6±12.2 mmHg (mean±S.D.); P<0.05) compared with non-carriers (CC). Homozygous carriers had lower ABI compared with heterozygous carriers (CG) (1.08±0.13 vs 1.11±0.14; P<0.05). After adjustment for all covariates in the full model, the association with ABI was no longer significant. BclI was not associated with systolic blood pressure, cIMT, low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and prevalent CVD. CONCLUSIONS The BclI polymorphism of the GR gene may contribute to an unfavorable cardiovascular profile; however, the effects on cardiovascular variables appear to be limited and partly mediated by the metabolic phenotype exerted by BclI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk van Moorsel
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht
| | - Nicolaas C Schaper
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht
| | - Ronald M A Henry
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht
| | - Charlotte C Geelen
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Nijpels
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht
| | - Hans P Sauerwein
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht
| | - Jacqueline M Dekker
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht
| | - Bas Havekes
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsSection Molecular EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht, The NetherlandsSchool for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht, The Netherlands andSchool for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI)Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsAdelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology6432 CC Adelante, Hoensbroek, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care ResearchVU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human BiologyMaastricht
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Givens DI. Manipulation of lipids in animal-derived foods: Can it contribute to public health nutrition? EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ian Givens
- Food Production and Quality Division; Faculty of Life Sciences; School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development; University of Reading; Reading UK
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Yildirim M, Simavli SA, Uysal Derbent A, Kaygusuz I, Uysal S. Is There Any Relationship between Plasma Pentraxin 3 Levels and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus? Gynecol Obstet Invest 2015; 80:223-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000373889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence at a global level is predicted to increase substantially over the next decade due to the increasing ageing population and incidence of obesity. Hence, there is an urgent requirement to focus on modifiable contributors to CVD risk, including a high dietary intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA). As an important source of SFA in the UK diet, milk and dairy products are often targeted for SFA reduction. The current paper acknowledges that milk is a complex food and that simply focusing on the link between SFA and CVD risk overlooks the other beneficial nutrients of dairy foods. The body of existing prospective evidence exploring the impact of milk and dairy consumption on risk factors for CVD is reviewed. The current paper highlights that high milk consumption may be beneficial to cardiovascular health, while illustrating that the evidence is less clear for cheese and butter intake. The option of manipulating the fatty acid profile of ruminant milk is discussed as a potential dietary strategy for lowering SFA intake at a population level. The review highlights that there is a necessity to perform more well-controlled human intervention-based research that provides a more holistic evaluation of fat-reduced and fat-modified dairy consumption on CVD risk factors including vascular function, arterial stiffness, postprandial lipaemia and markers of inflammation. Additionally, further research is required to investigate the impact of different dairy products and the effect of the specific food matrix on CVD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Markey
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading UK
| | - D Vasilopoulou
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading UK ; Food Production and Quality Research Division, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Reading UK
| | - D I Givens
- Food Production and Quality Research Division, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Reading UK
| | - J A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading UK
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Yousefi B, Faghfoori Z, Samadi N, Karami H, Ahmadi Y, Badalzadeh R, Shafiei-Irannejad V, Majidinia M, Ghavimi H, Jabbarpour M. The effects of Ramadan fasting on endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:835-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Brazilin ameliorates high glucose-induced vascular inflammation via inhibiting ROS and CAMs production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:403703. [PMID: 24716195 PMCID: PMC3955648 DOI: 10.1155/2014/403703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular inflammatory process has been suggested to play a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown that brazilin exhibits antihepatotoxic, antiplatelet, cancer preventive, or anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, we investigated whether brazilin suppresses vascular inflammatory process induced by high glucose (HG) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HG induced nitrite production, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species formation in HUVEC cells, which was reversed by brazilin. Western blot analysis revealed that brazilin markedly inhibited HG-induced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Besides, we investigated the effects of brazilin on the MAPK signal transduction pathway because MAPK families are associated with vascular inflammation under stress. Brazilin blocked HG-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and transcription factor NF-κB. Furthermore, brazilin concentration-dependently attenuated cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) expression induced by various concentrations of HG in HUVEC. Taken together, the present data suggested that brazilin could suppress high glucose-induced vascular inflammatory process, which may be closely related with the inhibition of oxidative stress, CAMs expression, and NF-κB activation in HUVEC. Our findings may highlight a new therapeutic intervention for the prevention of vascular diseases.
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Kacso IM, Potra AR, Rusu A, Moldovan D, Rusu CC, Kacso G, Hancu ND, Muresan A, Bondor CI. Relationship of endothelial cell selective adhesion molecule to markers of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2014; 74:170-6. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.869700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kumar RG, Spurthi MK, Kumar KG, Sahu SK, Rani SH. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism G298T in association with oxidative DNA damage in coronary atherosclerosis. J Genet 2013; 91:349-52. [PMID: 23271020 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-012-0183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh G Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Ryu DS, Yang H, Lee SE, Park CS, Jin YH, Park YS. Crotonaldehyde induces heat shock protein 72 expression that mediates anti-apoptotic effects in human endothelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Gu L, Su L, Liang B, Tang N, Long J, Tan J, Chen Q, Xie J, Wu G, Yan Y, Huang G, Zu X. Association between the C242T polymorphism of p22phox gene and ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2013; 330:100-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kidokoro K, Satoh M, Channon KM, Yada T, Sasaki T, Kashihara N. Maintenance of endothelial guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I ameliorates diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1139-50. [PMID: 23620395 PMCID: PMC3699824 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012080783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetes, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces superoxide anion rather than nitric oxide, referred to as "eNOS uncoupling," which may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, albuminuria, and diabetic nephropathy. Reduced levels of endothelium-derived tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for eNOS, promote eNOS uncoupling. Accelerated degradation of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I), the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 biosynthesis, also occurs in diabetes, suggesting that GTPCH I may have a role in diabetic microvascular disease. Here, we crossed endothelium-dominant GTPCH I transgenic mice with Ins2(+/Akita) diabetic mice and found that endothelial overexpression of GTPCH I led to higher levels of intrarenal BH4 and lower levels of urinary albumin and reactive oxygen species compared with diabetic control mice. Furthermore, GTPCH I overexpression attenuated the hyperpermeability of macromolecules observed in diabetic control mice. In addition, we treated Ins2(+/Akita) mice with metformin, which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and thereby slows the degradation of GTPCH I; despite blood glucose levels that were similar to untreated mice, those treated with metformin had significantly less albuminuria. Similarly, in vitro, treating human glomerular endothelial cells with AMPK activators attenuated glucose-induced reductions in phospho-AMPK, GTPCH I, and coupled eNOS. Taken together, these data suggest that maintenance of endothelial GTPCH I expression and the resulting improvement in BH4 biosynthesis ameliorate diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keith M. Channon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Toyotaka Yada
- Medical Engineering and Systems Cardiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan; and
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The effect of high-dose insulin analog initiation therapy on lipid peroxidation products and oxidative stress markers in type 2 diabetic patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:513742. [PMID: 23577222 PMCID: PMC3613073 DOI: 10.1155/2013/513742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effect of high-dose insulin analog initiation therapy was evaluated on lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Twenty-four T2DM patients with HbA1c levels above 10% despite ongoing therapy with sulphonylurea and metformin were selected. Former treatment regimen was continued for the first day followed by substitution of sulphonylurea therapy with different insulin analogs. Glycemic profiles were determined over 72 hours by Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS), and blood/urine samples were collected at 24 and 72 hours. Insulin analog plus metformin treatment significantly reduced glucose variability. Plasma and urine lipid peroxidation were markedly decreased following insulin analog plus metformin treatment. No correlation existed between glucose variability and levels of plasma and urine oxidative stress markers. Likewise, changes in mean blood glucose from baseline to end point showed no significant correlation with changes in markers of oxidative stress. On the contrary, decreased levels of oxidative stress markers following treatment with insulin analogs were significantly correlated with mean blood glucose levels. In conclusion, insulin plus metformin resulted in a significant reduction in oxidative stress markers compared with oral hypoglycemic agents alone. Data from this study suggests that insulin analogs irrespective of changes in blood glucose exert inhibitory effects on free radical formation.
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Saleh MH, Bertolami MC, Assef JE, Taha MI, de Freitas W, Petisco ACG, Barretto RBM, Le Bihan DC, Barbosa JEM, de Jesus CA, Sousa AGMR. Improvement of atherosclerotic markers in non-diabetic patients after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 2013; 22:1701-7. [PMID: 22777211 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-012-0706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the impact of bariatric surgery performed in extremely obese non-diabetic subjects on the following parameters: endothelial function, inflammatory processes (assessed by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]), carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), and glucose and lipid profiles. METHODS Forty-seven obese individuals with body mass index >40 kg/m(2) underwent bariatric surgery and returned for post-procedure assessment between 6 and 19 months after surgery. Ninety-three percent of patients were female. Their age ranged from 18 to 65 (mean 41) years old at baseline. Baseline was defined as the maximum of 30 days before surgery. Before and after surgery, all patients were subjected to a brachial artery ultrasound examination to evaluate endothelial-dependent dilation, CIMT by ultrasound, and laboratory analyses including glucose, lipid and inflammatory profiles were performed. RESULTS Subjects lost an average of 33 % of their original weight (p < 0.001). Flow-mediated dilation showed significant improvement after surgery from 7.4 % to 18.9 % (p < 0.001) on average. There was regression of CIMT, with the median being reduced from 0.8 to 0.5 mm (p < 0.001). The median Hs-CRP reduced from 0.83 to 0.18 mg/dl (p < 0.001), while glucose and lipid profiles were also improved after surgery. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that severely obese, non-diabetic patients who had pronounced weight loss after bariatric surgery had an overall improvement in brachial flow-mediated dilation, CIMT, high-sensitivity CRP, and glucose and lipid metabolism. The best responses of the brachial flow-mediated dilation after surgery were observed in non-smokers and in younger subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassan Saleh
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, State of Sao Paulo - Health Secretary, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Abdel-Aziz TA, Mohamed RH. Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms with classical risk factors in development of premature coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:3065-71. [PMID: 23269619 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) affects the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and associated with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). We aimed to explore the association between Glu298Asp polymorphism of the eNOS gene and premature CAD in Egyptians, and the possible interaction between this polymorphism and other risk factors. The study population consisted of 116 patients with PCAD, and 119 controls. Glu298Asp polymorphism (rs1799983) of the eNOS gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that the TT genotype of the eNOS gene increased the risk of PCAD by 2.6. Hypertension, diabetes, smoking, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc, HDLc and TT genotype of the eNOS gene were independent risk factors for the development of PCAD. We conclude that, the TT genotype of Glu298Asp polymorphism of eNOS gene is an independent risk factor of PCAD in Egyptians. The association of smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia and/or metabolic syndrome with the TT genotype increased the risk of the development of PCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Abdel-Aziz
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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29
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Statines et plaque. ARCHIVES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES SUPPLEMENTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(12)70844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Huerta-García E, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Victoriano MEC, Montiél-Dávalos A, Tinoco-Jaramillo G, López-Marure R. Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits the activation and dysfunction of endothelial cells induced by high glucose concentration. Steroids 2012; 77:233-40. [PMID: 22155530 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an adrenal steroid, has a protective role against diabetes; however, its mechanisms of action are unknown. Here, we focus on the effect of DHEA on the activation of endothelial cells induced by a high concentration of glucose. Adhesion on U937 cells, expression of adhesion molecules, production of ROS and NO, expression of eNOS, and translocation of NF-κB were evaluated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) treated with high concentrations of glucose, DHEA, or both. High concentrations of glucose (>20mM) induced an increase in adhesion, an increment in mainly E-selectin and PECAM-1 expression, as well as in ROS and NO production, eNOS expression, translocation of NF-κB, and degradation of its inhibitor IκB-α. DHEA abolished adhesion and the increase of E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and PECAM-1 induced by glucose. In addition, DHEA completely blocked oxidative stress and decreased translocation of NF-κB and the degradation of IκB-α induced by glucose. These results suggest that DHEA protects against the activation of endothelial cells induced by high concentrations of glucose, indicating that DHEA could be useful in the treatment of hyperglycemia and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Huerta-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico DF, Mexico
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A review of the evidence for the effects of total dietary fat, saturated, monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on vascular function, endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:303-24. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511004764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is recognised as an integrative marker of CVD. While dietary strategies aimed at reducing CVD risk include reductions in the intake of SFA, there are currently no clear guidelines on what should replace SFA. The purpose of this review was to assess the evidence for the effects of total dietary fat and individual fatty acids (SFA, MUFA and n-6 PUFA) on vascular function, cellular microparticles and endothelial progenitor cells. Medline was systematically searched from 1966 until November 2010. A total of fifty-nine peer-reviewed publications (covering fifty-six studies), which included five epidemiological, eighteen dietary intervention and thirty-three test meal studies, were identified. The findings from the epidemiological studies were inconclusive. The limited data available from dietary intervention studies suggested a beneficial effect of low-fat diets on vascular reactivity, which was strongest when the comparator diet was high in SFA, with a modest improvement in measures of vascular reactivity when high-fat, MUFA-rich diets were compared with SFA-rich diets. There was consistent evidence from the test meal studies that high-fat meals have a detrimental effect on postprandial vascular function. However, the evidence for the comparative effects of test meals rich in MUFA or n-6 PUFA with SFA on postprandial vascular function was limited and inconclusive. The lack of studies with comparable within-study dietary fatty acid targets, a variety of different study designs and different methods for determining vascular function all confound any clear conclusions on the impact of dietary fat and individual fatty acids on vascular function.
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Green tea polysaccharide-conjugates protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells against impairments triggered by high glucose. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:50-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Madonna R, De Caterina R. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular injury in diabetes--part II: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Vascul Pharmacol 2011; 54:75-9. [PMID: 21453785 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms by which insulin-resistance and hyperglycemia lead to cardiovascular disease are still incompletely understood, all mechanisms apparently converge on the vessel wall and the endothelium as a common disease target. Endothelial cells play a crucial role in vascular homeostasis, providing a functional barrier and modulating several signals involved in vasomotion, as well as antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-oxidant properties of the vessel wall. Endothelial cell dysfunction occurs early in diabetes and insulin resistance states. Since atherosclerosis may result from an imbalance between the magnitude of vascular injury and the capacity of repair, a role has been recently postulated for a defective mobilization of vascular progenitors, including endothelial progenitor cells, in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Here we summarize the evidence for such an occurrence. We also here highlight how new insights into pathways of vascular damage in diabetes may indicate new targets for preventive and treatment strategies.
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Sandoval MJ, Cutini PH, Rauschemberger MB, Massheimer VL. The soyabean isoflavone genistein modulates endothelial cell behaviour. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:171-9. [PMID: 20187999 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the direct action of the phyto-oestrogen genistein (Gen) on vascular endothelial behaviour, either in the presence or absence of proinflammatory agents. In rat aortic endothelial cell (EC) cultures, 24 h of treatment with Gen significantly increased cell proliferation in a wide range of concentration (0.001-10 nm). This mitogenic action was prevented by the oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182780 or by the presence of the specific NO synthase inhibitor l-nitro-arginine methyl ester. When monocytes adhesion to EC was measured, Gen partially attenuated leucocyte adhesion not only under basal conditions, but also in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The effect of the phyto-oestrogen on the expression of EC adhesion molecules was evaluated. Gen down-regulated the enhancement in mRNA levels of E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin elicited by the proinflammatory agent bacterial LPS. The regulation of EC programmed death induced by the isoflavone was also demonstrated. Incubation with 10 nm Gen prevented DNA fragmentation induced by the apoptosis inductor H2O2. The results presented suggest that Gen would exert a protective effect on vascular endothelium, due to its regulatory action on endothelial proliferation, apoptosis and leucocyte adhesion, events that play a critical role in vascular diseases. The molecular mechanism displayed by the phyto-oestrogen involved the participation of the ER and the activation of the NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa J Sandoval
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis in diabetes mellitus. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:792393. [PMID: 20634940 PMCID: PMC2903979 DOI: 10.1155/2010/792393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an important factor in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in obesity-related type 2 diabetes. The imbalance in repair and injury (hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia) results in microvascular changes, including apoptosis of microvascular cells, ultimately leading to diabetes related complications. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which the interplay between endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis may cause (micro)vascular damage in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Hu L, Sun Y, Hu J. Catalpol inhibits apoptosis in hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelium by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and modulating expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 628:155-63. [PMID: 19962976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside found in the root of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, has been demonstrated to reduce apoptosis in neuronal cell lines. Recent data suggests that catalpol also exerts anti-apoptotic effects on other cell types. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether catalpol protects against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Apoptotic cells were detected by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate binding assay and by assessment of caspase-3 activity. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species was quantified by 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. Expression of Akt, Bad, Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA and protein was determined by real-time semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Apoptosis in HUVECs was associated with increased Bax, decreased Bcl-2 activity and inactivated phosphorylation of Akt and Bad after 24h of H(2)O(2) exposure. Pre-treatment of HUVECs with catalpol significantly reduced H(2)O(2)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species release. Catalpol not only increased the expression of Bcl-2, while decreasing Bax expression, but also induced Akt activation and Bad phosphorylation, and ultimately reduced H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. The protective effects of catalpol were partially inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) antagonist wortmannin or 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002). Taken together, these results suggest that pre-treatment of HUVECs with catalpol can block H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis, and that the underlying mechanism involves reactive oxygen species scavenging, activation of the PI3K/Akt-Bad signaling pathway and increased Bcl-2 and decreased Bax expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ceriello
- Warwick Medical School. Clinical Science Research Institute. University of Warwick. UK
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Di Francescomarino S, Sciartilli A, Di Valerio V, Di Baldassarre A, Gallina S. The effect of physical exercise on endothelial function. Sports Med 2009; 39:797-812. [PMID: 19757859 DOI: 10.2165/11317750-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium is essential for maintenance of health of the vessel wall and for the local regulation of vascular tone and structure and haemostasis. Regular physical exercise, which is known to promote a favourable cardiovascular state, may improve endothelial function via several mechanisms. Indeed, it augments blood flow and laminar shear stress, resulting in increased nitric oxide production and bioavailability. In this regard, the beneficial effects of training on endothelial function can be mediated in a number of ways, including synthesis of molecular mediators, changes in neurohormonal release and oxidant/antioxidant balance. On the other hand, physical exercise can also elicit systemic molecular pathways connected with angiogenesis and chronic anti-inflammatory action with consequent modification of the endothelial function. However, its benefit depends on the type and intensity of training performed. While strenuous exercise increases oxidative metabolism and produces a pro-oxidant environment, only regular moderate physical activity promotes an antioxidant state and preserves endothelial function. Thus, exercise may have a beneficial effect on the development of cardiovascular disease through preserving endothelial function.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes. Macroangiopathy in diabetes is manifested by more accelerated and progressive atherosclerosis, which is more widely distributed. The pathogenesis of this accelerated atherosclerosis is multifactorial and includes very complex interactions. Several abnormalities - such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, renin-angiotensin system activation and chronic subclinical inflammation - all appear to play important roles in the development of diabetes-induced atherosclerosis. Treatment of the residual risk, other than glycemia, blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, remains important as the rate of diabetes increases worldwide. A synergistic multifactorial approach against both conventional cardiovascular risk factors and emerging risk factors, such as vasoactive systems, the AGE-RAGE axis, novel proteins, such as TRAIL, and the complement system, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation, may be a promising way to prevent macrovascular disease in diabetes. In this review we focus on the major causes and mechanisms of atherosclerotic disease in patients with diabetes and highlight emerging targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Candido
- a Diabetic Centre, Azienda per i Servizi Sanitari n. 1 "Triestina", Via Puccini 48/50, 34148 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Stella Bernardi
- b Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, JDRF Centre for Diabetes Complications, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004 Victoria, Australia.
| | - Terri J Allen
- c Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, JDRF Centre for Diabetes Complications, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004 Victoria, Australia.
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Node K, Inoue T. Postprandial hyperglycemia as an etiological factor in vascular failure. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2009; 8:23. [PMID: 19402896 PMCID: PMC2688503 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-8-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia is characterized by hyperglycemic spikes that induce endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, which may lead to progression of atherosclerosis and occurrence of cardiovascular events. Emerging data indicate that postprandial hyperglycemia or even impaired glucose tolerance may predispose to progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. There is evidence that postprandial hyperglycemia, but not fasting hyperglycemia, independently predicts the occurrence of cardiovascular events. We proposed a concept of 'vascular failure' as a comprehensive syndrome of vascular dysfunction extending from risk factors to advanced atherosclerotic disease. Postprandial hyperglycemia is therefore one of the very important pathophysiological states contributing to vascular failure. Accordingly, controlling postprandial hyperglycemia should be the focus of future clinical investigation as a potential target for preventing vascular failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan.
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Piro S, Spampinato D, Spadaro L, Oliveri CE, Purrello F, Rabuazzo AM. Direct apoptotic effects of free fatty acids on human endothelial cells. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18:96-104. [PMID: 17560770 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Endothelial cell injury is a key event in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis and vascular complications. Increased apoptosis may contribute to the loss of endothelial integrity and leads to cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to elucidate whether high levels of free fatty acids (FFA) cause apoptosis and if so what is the possible role of insulin signaling alteration(s) in determining this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured for 72h with high levels of FFA, apoptotic cells, detected by Annexin V-FITC and PI, were increased. Then we observed a decrease of Bcl-2/Bax ratio (pro-apoptotic condition), measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. As the Akt pathway is involved in insulin signaling and apoptosis, we investigated whether Akt mediated FFA apoptotic effects. HUVECs exposed to FFA showed an equal amount of total Akt protein content compared to controls. In HUVECs, FFA induced a significant decrease in phosphorylated active Akt. Furthermore, phosphorylated eNOS (active form) was decreased and cleaved caspase-9 (active form) was increased. These alterations were prevented when insulin at 10(-8)M was added in culture medium containing FFA. The insulin anti-apoptotic effect was prevented by Ly29400, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor. CONCLUSION High levels of FFA cause HUVECs apoptosis through Akt inhibition; insulin can prevent these effects. Inappropriate FFA elevation may affect vascular endothelium by impairing cell survival via activation of apoptosis, thus contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Piro
- Clinica di Medicina Interna, Laboratorio di Medicina Molecolare, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Medicina Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Catania, Ospedale Garibaldi "Nesima", via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
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Vivanco F, Mas S, Darde VM, De la Cuesta F, Alvarez-Llamas G, Barderas MG. Vascular proteomics. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:1102-22. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200700190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Choi BG, McLaughlin MA. Why men's hearts break: cardiovascular effects of sex steroids. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2007; 36:365-77. [PMID: 17543724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality differs in men and women, leading to the speculation that differences in sex steroids contribute to risk. Controlled clinical trials have shown that estrogen replacement is not cardioprotective in certain women, and recent cross-sectional studies associate low testosterone with a greater incidence of CAD in men. Testosterone has demonstrated effects on insulin resistance, obesity, myocardium, coagulation, inflammation, vasodilation, and endothelial function. Imbalance of sex steroids contributes to adverse cardiac effects in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Choi
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Abstract
N-3 (omega-3) (polyunsaturated) fatty acids are thought to display a variety of beneficial effects for human health. Clues to the occurrence of cardiovascular protective effects have been, however, the spur for the first biomedical interest in these compounds, and are the best documented. Historically, the epidemiologic association between dietary consumption of n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular protection was first suggested by Bang and Dyerberg, who identified the high consumption of fish, and therefore, of fish oil-derived n-3 fatty acids, as the likely explanation for the strikingly low rate of coronary heart disease events reported in the Inuit population. Since their initial reports, research has proceeded in parallel to provide further evidence for their cardioprotection and to understand underlying mechanisms. Decreased atherogenesis is currently thought to be a part of the cardiovascular protection by n-3 fatty acids. This article summarizes the evidence for such a claim and the mechanisms putatively involved.
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Ceriello A, Davidson J, Hanefeld M, Leiter L, Monnier L, Owens D, Tajima N, Tuomilehto J. Postprandial hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular complications of diabetes: an update. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 16:453-456. [PMID: 16934443 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 05/07/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by a gradual decline in insulin secretion in response to nutrient loads; hence, it is primarily a disorder of postprandial glucose (PPG) regulation. However, physicians continue to rely on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as indicators for disease management. There is a linear relationship between the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), while a recent study confirms postprandial hyperglycaemia as an independent risk factor for CVD in type 2 diabetes. At the same time, several intervention studies have shown that treating postprandial hyperglycaemia may reduce the incidence of new cardiovascular events. Evidence supports the hypothesis that postprandial hyperglycaemia may be linked to CVD through the generation of oxidative stress. Furthermore, clinical data suggest that postprandial hyperglycaemia is a common phenomenon, even in patients who may be considered in 'good metabolic control'. Therefore, in addition to HbA1c and FPG, physicians should consider monitoring and targeting PPG in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ceriello
- Clinical Science Research Institute, Clinical Science Building, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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Leighton F, Miranda-Rottmann S, Urquiaga I. A central role of eNOS in the protective effect of wine against metabolic syndrome. Cell Biochem Funct 2006; 24:291-8. [PMID: 16170835 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The positive health effects derived from moderate wine consumption are pleiotropic. They appear as improvements in cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma lipids, haemostatic mechanisms, endothelial function and antioxidant defences. The active principles would be ethanol and mainly polyphenols. Results from our and other laboratories support the unifying hypothesis that the improvements in risk factors after red wine consumption are mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Many genes are involved, but the participation of eNOS would be a constant feature. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The National Cholesterol Education Programmmes Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPATP III) clinical definition of the metabolic syndrome requires the presence of at least three risk factors, from among abdominal obesity, high plasma triacylglycerols, low plasma HDL, high blood pressure and high fasting plasma glucose. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the metabolic syndrome are not known. Since metabolic syndrome apparently affects 10-30% of the population in the world, research on its pathogenesis and control is needed. The recent finding that eNOS knockout mice present a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors comparable to those of the metabolic syndrome suggests that defects in eNOS function may cause human metabolic syndrome. These mice are hypertensive, insulin resistant and dyslipidemic. Further support for a pathogenic role of eNOS comes from the finding in humans that eNOS polymorphisms associate with insulin resistance and diabetes, with hypertension, with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and with albuminuria. So, the data sustain the hypothesis that eNOS enhancement should reduce metabolic syndrome incidence and its consequences. Therefore red wine, since it enhances eNOS function, should be considered as a potential tool for the control of metabolic syndrome. This hypothesis is supported by epidemiological observations and needs experimental validation in human intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Leighton
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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De Caterina R, Zampolli A. Antiatherogenic Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids - Evidence and Mechanisms. Heart Int 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/1826186806002003-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA. Vascular complications in diabetes mellitus: the role of endothelial dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2005; 109:143-59. [PMID: 16033329 DOI: 10.1042/cs20050025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is a complex organ with a multitude of properties essential for control of vascular functions. Dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is regarded as an important factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic micro- and macro-angiopathy. Endothelial dysfunction in Type I and II diabetes complicated by micro- or macro-albuminuria is generalized in that it affects many aspects of endothelial function and occurs not only in the kidney. The close linkage between microalbuminuria and endothelial dysfunction in diabetes is an attractive explanation for the fact that microalbuminuria is a risk marker for atherothrombosis. In Type I diabetes, endothelial dysfunction precedes and may cause diabetic microangiopathy, but it is not clear whether endothelial dysfunction is a feature of the diabetic state itself. In Type II diabetes, endothelial function is impaired from the onset of the disease and is strongly related to adverse outcomes. It is not clear whether impaired endothelial function is caused by hyperglycaemia or by other factors. Impaired endothelial function is closely associated with and may contribute to insulin resistance regardless of the presence of diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes originates from three main sources. Hyperglycaemia and its immediate biochemical sequelae directly alter endothelial function or influence endothelial cell functioning indirectly by the synthesis of growth factors, cytokines and vasoactive agents in other cells. Finally, the components of the metabolic syndrome can impair endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Pedro-Botet J, Jericó C. Etiopatogenia de la arteriosclerosis. Aspectos celulares y moleculares del daño vascular. Aten Primaria 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0212-6567(05)70579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Cam SF, Sekuri C, Tengiz I, Ercan E, Sagcan A, Akin M, Berdeli A. The G894T polymorphism on endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with premature coronary artery disease in a Turkish population. Thromb Res 2005; 116:287-92. [PMID: 16038712 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between premature coronary artery disease and Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS The eNOS gene polymorphism was analysed in 115 (mean age, 48.1+/-7.9 years) Turkish patients with a diagnosis of premature coronary artery disease and 83 (mean age, 44.6+/-1.4 years) control subjects. The Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The patients group showed an increase in the frequency of the T allele compared to controls (0.456 versus 0.169, p=0.0001). There was a significant association between the TT genotype and premature coronary artery disease [eNOS TT vs. TG and GG; OR=17.000 (CI 95% 3.952-73.125, p=0.0001)]. The eNOS T/G genotypes were not associated with the number of affected vessels (p>0.05). In addition, the family history of premature coronary artery disease, smoking, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia and eNOS TT genotype were independent risk factors of coronary artery disease. The patients with eNOS TT genotype had 15 fold risk of coronary artery disease compared with the control group [OR=15.356(CI 95% 3.262-77.289, p=0.001)]. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that premature coronary artery disease is associated with the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirri F Cam
- Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Manisa, Turkey.
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