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Li X, Zhang X, Wen X, Zhang D, Qu C, Miao X, Zhang W, Zhang R, Liu G, Xiao P, Sun JP, Gong W. Structural basis for ligand recognition and activation of the prostanoid receptors. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113893. [PMID: 38446662 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) are endogenous arachidonic acid metabolites, modulating diverse physiological processes including inflammation and cardiovascular homeostasis through activating PGF2α receptor (FP) and TXA2 receptor (TP). Ligands targeting FP and TP have demonstrated efficacy in treating conditions like glaucoma and cardiovascular diseases in humans, as well as reproductive-related diseases in animals. Here, we present five cryoelectron microscopy structures illustrating FP and TP in complex with Gq and bound to PGF2α (endogenous ligand), latanoprost acid (a clinical drug), and two other synthetic agonists. Combined with mutational and functional studies, these structures reveal not only structural features for the specific recognition of endogenous ligands and attainment of receptor selectivity of FP and TP but also the common mechanisms of receptor activation and Gq protein coupling. The findings may enrich our knowledge of ligand recognition and signal transduction of the prostanoid receptor family and facilitate rational ligand design toward these two receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Daolai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Changxiu Qu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xinyi Miao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guibing Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Weimin Gong
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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Wu C, Xu Y, He Q, Li D, Duan J, Li C, You C, Chen H, Fan W, Jiang Y, Eric Xu H. Ligand-induced activation and G protein coupling of prostaglandin F 2α receptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2668. [PMID: 37160891 PMCID: PMC10169810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), an endogenous arachidonic acid metabolite, regulates diverse physiological functions in many tissues and cell types through binding and activation of a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the PGF2α receptor (FP), which also is the primary therapeutic target for glaucoma and several other diseases. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human FP bound to endogenous ligand PGF2α and anti-glaucoma drugs LTPA and TFPA at global resolutions of 2.67 Å, 2.78 Å, and 3.14 Å. These structures reveal distinct features of FP within the lipid receptor family in terms of ligand binding selectivity, its receptor activation, and G protein coupling mechanisms, including activation in the absence of canonical PIF and ERY motifs and Gq coupling through direct interactions with receptor transmembrane helix 1 and intracellular loop 1. Together with mutagenesis and functional studies, our structures reveal mechanisms of ligand recognition, receptor activation, and G protein coupling by FP, which could facilitate rational design of FP-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Youwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qian He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dianrong Li
- Sironax (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changyao Li
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongzhao You
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Weiliang Fan
- Sironax (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Dahiya P, Zafar A, Ahmad FJ, Khalid M, Ali A. Development of Forskolin and rutin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for enhancement of topical ocular delivery: Optimization, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and toxicity evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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An Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of Preservative-Free 0.005% ( w/ v) Latanoprost Ophthalmic Solutions, and the Impact on In Vitro Human Conjunctival Goblet Cell Survival. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113137. [PMID: 35683527 PMCID: PMC9181163 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the physicochemical properties of five preservative-free (PF) 0.005% latanoprost ophthalmic products; Monoprost®, Latanest®, Gaap Ofteno®, Xalmono®, and Xaloptic® Free. Furthermore, the study investigated the mucin production and cell survival of primary cultured human conjunctival goblet cells when treated with PF eye drops. Method: The pH value, osmolality, and surface tension were examined. Cell survival was analyzed using lactate dehydrogenase and tetrazolium dye colorimetric assays. Mucin production was analyzed with immunohistochemical staining. Results: Monoprost® (pH value 6.84 ± 0.032) had a pH value closest to the pH value of tear fluid (pH value 7.4–7.6), whereas Gaap Ofteno® (pH value 6.34 ± 0.004) and Latanest® (pH value 6.33 ± 0.003) had the lowest pH values. Gaap Ofteno® (325.9 ± 2.9 mosmol/kg) showed iso-osmolar probabilities, whereas the other products were hypo-osmolar. Gaap Ofteno® (60.31 ± 0.35 mN/m) had a higher surface tension compared to the tear fluid (40 to 46 mN/m), as described in the literature. No significant differences in goblet cell survival or mucin release were observed between the treatments and control. Conclusion: Significant differences in pH value, osmolality, and surface tension were observed. However, this did not affect the viability of the goblet cells or the release of mucin. Clinical studies are required to evaluate the long-term effects of use on efficacy and safety.
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Skin graft hypertrichosis associated with prostaglandin analog in the treatment of glaucoma. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 30:e3-5. [PMID: 23811595 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0b013e3182873ccb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin analogs are commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma. They are a safe and effective treatment associated with few side effects. Common local side effects include conjunctival hyperemia, iris pigmentation, and eyelash hypertrichosis. The authors present a case of a patient using travoprost treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma, who underwent excision of a lower eyelid basal cell carcinoma and reconstruction with an upper eyelid tarsoconjunctival flap and overlying skin graft. The patient developed hypertrichosis of the skin graft attributable to prostaglandin analog use.
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Mangouritsas G, Mourtzoukos S, Portaliou DM, Georgopoulos VI, Dimopoulou A, Feretis E. Glaucoma associated with the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Clin Ophthalmol 2013; 7:727-34. [PMID: 23620656 PMCID: PMC3633584 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s42792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient or permanent elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a common complication following vitreoretinal surgery. Usually secondary glaucoma, which develops after scleral buckling procedures, or pars plana vitrectomy for repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, is of multifactorial origin. It is essential, for appropriate management, to detect the cause of outflow obstruction. An exacerbation of preexisting open-angle glaucoma or a steroid-induced elevation of IOP should also be considered. Scleral buckling may be complicated by congestion and anterior rotation of the ciliary body resulting in secondary angle closure, which can usually resolve with medical therapy. The use of intravitreal gases may also induce secondary angle-closure with or without pupillary block. Aspiration of a quantity of the intraocular gas may be indicated. Secondary glaucoma can also develop after intravitreal injection of silicone oil due to pupillary block, inflammation, synechial angle closure, or migration of emulsified silicone oil in the anterior chamber and obstruction of the aqueous outflow pathway. In most eyes medical therapy is successful in controlling IOP; however, silicone oil removal with or without concurrent glaucoma surgery may also be required. Diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and glaucoma drainage devices constitute useful treatment modalities for long-term IOP control. Cooperation between vitreoretinal and glaucoma specialists is necessary to achieve successful management.
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Digiuni M, Fogagnolo P, Rossetti L. A review of the use of latanoprost for glaucoma since its launch. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:723-45. [PMID: 22348427 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.662219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostaglandins are increasingly used as first choice treatment for glaucoma because they are highly effective, lack relevant systemic side effects and require just once-daily administration. Latanoprost is an ester prodrug analog of prostaglandin F2α, which reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. Latanoprost 0.005% has received European and US approval as the first-line drug for reducing IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Following the recent patent expiry for Xalatan®, a number of latanoprost generics have entered the glaucoma market. AREAS COVERED This review, achieved through PubMed and Medline research methods, describes the composition, pharmacokinetics, mode of action, efficacy, side effects and safety profile of latanoprost. EXPERT OPINION Latanoprost was the first prostaglandin analog introduced in glaucoma management and it dramatically changed the market of the disease thanks to its efficacy and safety. Conjunctival hyperemia, which is commonly found after latanoprost use, is associated with a minor efficacy and duration of trabeculectomy; yet, from the ophthalmologist's perspective, this side effect seems largely counterbalanced by the high efficacy and safety of this compound. It is always advisable to consider the pro-inflammatory mode of action of latanoprost because this may have negative effects in particular patients (i.e., those with uveitis and cystoid macular edema) for whom caution and close follow-up is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Digiuni
- University of Milan, Eye Clinic, San Paolo Hospital, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milano, Italy
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Abstract
Complicated glaucomas present considerable diagnostic and management challenges. Response to treatment can be unpredictable or reduced compared with other glaucomas. However, target intraocular pressure and preservation of vision may be achieved with selected medical, laser and surgical treatment. The evidence for such treatment is expanding and consequently affords clinicians a better understanding of established and novel techniques. Herein we review the mechanisms involved in the development of complicated glaucoma and the current evidence supporting its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Clement
- Glaucoma Unit, Sydney Hospital and Sydney Eye Hospital, Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hypertrichosis of the Upper Cheek Area Associated With Travoprost Treatment of Glaucoma. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 26:376-7. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0b013e3181cbfbdd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lee AJ, McCluskey P. Clinical utility and differential effects of prostaglandin analogs in the management of raised intraocular pressure and ocular hypertension. Clin Ophthalmol 2010; 4:741-64. [PMID: 20689791 PMCID: PMC2915861 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s10441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin analogs (PGA) are powerful topical ocular hypotensive agents available for the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Latanoprost 0.005% and travoprost 0.004% are prodrugs and analogs of prostaglandin F2α. Bimatoprost 0.03% is regarded as a prostamide, and debate continues as to whether it is a prodrug. The free acids of all 3 PGAs reduce IOP by enhancing uveoscleral and trabecular outflow via direct effects on ciliary muscle relaxation and remodeling of extracellular matrix. The vast majority of clinical trials demonstrate IOP-lowering superiority of latanoprost, bimatoprost and travoprost compared with timolol 0.5%, brimonidine 0.2%, or dorzolamide 2% monotherapy. Bimatoprost appears to be more efficacious in IOP-lowering compared with latanoprost, with weighted mean difference in IOP reduction documented in one meta-analysis of 2.59% to 5.60% from 1- to 6-months study duration. PGAs reduce IOP further when used as adjunctive therapy. Fixed combinations of latanoprost, bimatoprost or travoprost formulated with timolol 0.5% and administered once daily are superior to monotherapy of its constituent parts. PGA have near absence of systemic side effects, although do have other commonly encountered ocular adverse effects. The adverse effects of PGA, and also those found more frequently with bimatoprost use include ocular hyperemia, eyelash growth, and peri-ocular pigmentary changes. Iris pigmentary change is unique to PGA treatment. Once daily administration and near absence of systemic side effects enhances tolerance and compliance. PGAs are often prescribed as first-line treatment for ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Lee
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Susanna R, Medeiros FA, Vessani RM, Giampani J, Borges AS, Jordão MLS. Intraocular pressure fluctuations in response to the water-drinking provocative test in patients using latanoprost versus unoprostone. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2005; 20:401-10. [PMID: 15650515 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2004.20.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of outflow facility in glaucoma causes large intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations that have been shown to be a risk factor for disease progression. The water-drinking provocative test (WDT) has been proposed as an indirect measurement of outflow facility to compare intraocular pressure responses of glaucoma eyes to different drugs. This study was a double-masked, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial comparing the IOP fluctuations in response to the WDT in patients using latanoprost versus unoprostone. After completing a wash-out of ocular hypotensive medications, patients with primary openangle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were randomized to receive either latanoprost (N=40) or unoprostone (N=42). IOP was measured before treatment and at 8 weeks after treatment (baseline IOP for WDT), followed by the WDT. IOP fluctuations and maximum IOP after water ingestion were compared between the two groups. Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for the effects of baseline IOP and treatment efficacy. The mean percentage reduction of IOP was 27% in patients using latanoprost, as compared to 13% in patients using unoprostone (p<0.001). Patients on treatment with latanoprost had significantly less IOP fluctuations in response to the WDT, compared to patients using unoprostone. From an overall baseline IOP of 20.0 mmHg and an overall treatment efficacy of 20%, the mean+/-standard error of the mean (SEM) of the IOP fluctuation during the WDT was 5.3+/-0.4 mmHg in the unoprostone group, and 3.6+/-0.4 mmHg in the latanoprost group (p=0.005, ANCOVA). This could represent an additional benefit of latanoprost over unoprostone in controlling the intraocular pressure of glaucomatous patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Susanna
- Glaucoma Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Perry CM, McGavin JK, Culy CR, Ibbotson T. Latanoprost : an update of its use in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Drugs Aging 2004; 20:597-630. [PMID: 12795627 DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200320080-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Latanoprost (Xalatan) is an ester analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha that reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. The IOP-lowering efficacy of latanoprost 0.005% lasts for up to 24 hours after a single topical dose, which allows for a once-daily dosage regimen. In patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma, a single drop of latanoprost 0.005% solution (about 1.5 microg) administered topically once daily reduced diurnal IOP by 22 to 39% over 1 to 12 months' treatment in well-controlled trials; efficacy was maintained during treatment periods of up to 2 years. At this dosage, latanoprost was significantly more effective than timolol 0.5% twice daily in 3 of 4 large, double-blind, randomised studies, was generally as effective as bimatoprost or travoprost, and was significantly more effective than dorzolamide, brimonidine or unoprostone. Furthermore, in patients whose IOP was poorly controlled with timolol, switching to latanoprost monotherapy was at least as effective at lowering IOP as adding dorzolamide or pilocarpine to the regimen. Latanoprost has also shown significant additive effects when used in combination with one or more other glaucoma medications. The fixed combination of latanoprost plus timolol was significantly more effective than either of its individual components in two double-blind randomised studies and more effective than the fixed combination of dorzolamide and timolol in a 3-month, evaluator-masked study. Data in patients with angle-closure glaucoma are limited, but in patients with elevated IOP after undergoing iridotomy, latanoprost 0.005% once daily was significantly more effective than timolol 0.5% twice daily at reducing IOP over 12 weeks of treatment in a large double-blind, randomised study. Latanoprost is generally well tolerated and, unlike timolol, induces minimal systemic adverse events. In well-controlled, 6-month trials, the most commonly occurring drug-related ocular events in latanoprost recipients were mild to moderate conjunctival hyperaemia (3 to 15%) and iris colour change (2 to 9%); these seldom required patient withdrawal although the latter may be permanent. Latanoprost 0.005% as a single daily drop has shown good IOP-lowering efficacy in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension and does not produce the cardiopulmonary adverse effects associated with beta-blockers. Thus, latanoprost is a valuable addition to the first-line treatment options for patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. In addition, adjunctive treatment with latanoprost in patients who are refractory to beta-blocker therapy is a viable, second-line treatment option. Although preliminary findings are promising, wider clinical experience is required to define the place of latanoprost in the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma.
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